Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Bob Godfrey: First year of new projects, although only one official (voting) member of group per institution, there can be multiple members; we do not have to have collaboration proof (though it is good to have) which is a benefit of not being a full project, we might consider that in the future (full project status); report due 60 days from today, chair does that but everyone on project gets notification when report done. A question was asked if the list on the project website is complete and up to date. It doesnt look like it. Bob will check, but the old members are not automatically shifted over, need to re-join; 1862 folks have to have a letter, 1890s just send information to Bob Station reports (see proceedings for most information): OBJECTIVE 1: 1. Nada  had abstract on this data at the meeting, but added additional information for his report 2. DESU not in attendance 3. Steve Hart  overall 2 weeks Rumatel at ½ dose helped rid goats of most GIN (goats originally were infected artificially, so counts were 4-500 originally) 4. Tom Terrill  FEC reduced around 80% by sericea lespedeza (SL), but counts were still around 1000 epg; Fecal coccidia ooysts counts (FOC) stayed at same level as initially for SLP, but went up for control. There was discussion about coccidia ooyst measurements; Jim Miller indicated that it can be used, though the counts come after the asexual reproduction which usually causes the most problems, so animals with bad infections may get scours and die before FOC go up; see FOC in feces 2-3 weeks after asexual reproduction; Tom also looked at beef cattle and saw reduced FEC (they did not have coccidia); Tom announced May ACSRPC meeting and training and brought handouts to distribute 5. Jim Miller  Sericea lespedeza suppressed Mo blood levels greatly; animals on SL gained less weight, especially in first week because they did not eat it; Mo supplementation with SL feeding did not increase serum Mo to control levels, Se was also reduced by SL but not as bad. Q&A: Cu, Co and Fe did not change; no established required serum levels for Mo, but they were clearly depressed in SL fed animal as compared to controls; discussion about protein binding with tannin; question as to if reduced weight gains with SL feeding was found in other places (Joan in AR indicated that SL has routinely resulted in reduced weight gains at her place), Jim indicated yes at his place but maybe mostly because they had lower intakes than control; FVSU indicated they had decent gain for kids over a 100+ day feeding period 6. Whitley  see proceedings; discussions on moringa, processing, delivery, growth etc.; FVSU did some Tasco work a while ago and though it focused on growth/carcass, they may have some FEC data, Tom will look 7. Min  Pine bark contains 11% condensed tannins (CT) while bark from other trees (oak, etc.) contains hydrolysable tannins (which are more anti-nutritional than CT); prelim in vitro studies indicated no problems with pine bark at up to 30% of diet; in studies, pine bark increased ADG, but had little impact on carcass traits (lower pH which could increase shelf life)  see proceedings 8. Nar  see proceedings; discussion on genetics of resistance in worms, Scott Bowbridge indicated GIN population differences between NZ and US would likely result in differences of genes expressed 9. Joan  student presenting paper on coccidia and SL; Katahdin project with producers  FEC on lambs/ewes, have 9 farms so far, collecting information at 0, 30 and 60 days post lambing on ewes and getting at least 2 samples on lambs; data for wormed lambs is removed; trying to see if periparturient FEC can be used for a breeding value; data indicates values up to 0.5 in lambs 10. Nelson Escobar-see proceedings; Q: why choose pumpkins  discussion on curcibitacin and other research; feed/seed very high in protein  has some leftover if others want to try it; Steve indicated he had a dissertation surveying Shamans in Pakistan about plants used for dewormers and plant materials were tested in vitro; 3 plants were quite effective, those plants effective in vivo; Some of the plants or other members of the genus growhere in the US and merit study; let him know if interested in seeing the dissertation 11. Scott Bowdrige  background: St Croix sheep model used naïve lambs 4- 5 weeks post weaning never exposed to GIN  given a first challenge, can clear it in 5 weeks; never develop a FEC with a second challenge; changes occur in first 7 days of infection; Wool lambs and St Croix responded differently to supplementation and worm challenges; discussions ensued about methods for challenging lambs and differences in naïve-challenged once vs those challenged and repeatedly picking up larvae for re-infections 12. Stephan  see proceedings; has paper in meetings; alpaca survey  Most thought they were knowledgable about parasites, the majority said vets place at least an important role and had the state lab or vet do their FEC if they did FEC; 75% dewormed on a fixed schedule (mostly for meningeal worm); FEC reductions in on-farm testing ranged from 0-63% overall for all tested drugs; cograzining sheep and lambs - Katahdin, St Croix, Myotonic, Spanish (10 each); FEC 978, 125, 1795, 2544, respectively . Q about Spanish origins: Spanish were all from TX except 5 came from an AL farm. Not sure of blood lines. OBJECTIVE 2 1. Susan Duckett  see proceedings and meeting abstracts: fed fescue seeds because endophyte is too variable with grazing; ewes lambed 4 d earlier; Discussions about use of fescue, Ken indicated producers recommended to dilute fescue 10% with legumes for cattle; Jean Marie indicated no document problems with goats in NC related to fescue; talked about support of SC goat producers via eXxtension since 1890 (SCSU) has no Ag program LUNCH 2. Jean Marie  see proceedings; use of cowpeas (pinkeye purple hull), pearl millet and forage soybeans; overall cowpeas performed worse, pearl millet best. Question if photosensitivity was observed with cowpeas (Joan has seen with cowpeas), discussion about shelters, types and materials; NCSU site moving to 19 acres near dairy/beef, etc. units because were leasing back land sold to SAS, will have to move the whole unit eventually because SAS wants the other side of the road too; announced some meetings related to IGA 3. Nar  see proceedings; silvopasture Apr-Oct; in long leaf pine site, Tuskegee site, no deworming, but issues with BCS (but none less that 2) and weight loss 4. Scott B  see proceedings; composite lambs (with good amount of Merino) were used, fed grain, dewormed, both or none in a 2 x 2 factorial study; similar growth but much higher FEC in grain supplemented animals that were not dewormed. Paddocks were rotated daily, and rested for 56 days 5. Ken (not in proceedings)  Annual forage grazing for summer with mostly fescue pasture; 3 yrs data/partial data, producer run (will be in ARD meeting poster session), reduced browse, increased grass in overgrown areas, 80 goats, 100 acres, runs cattle at 80% normal stocking rate, rotates cattle, moved goats every 3 years to new 100 acre pasture; a lot of data, not sure how to analyze; Project with Perdure forester restoring understory on steep land with thick multiflora rose, burning made it worse, two stocking rates (8/acre- low and 30/acre-high) in 3 wks over 80% of the rose was removed will repeat next year 6. Steve Jones data was presented by David Fernandez (not in proceedings)  use of Brassicas, forage turnips/radish/rape on farms in AR, late August, early September planting; grazing days influenced grazing methods, looked at Appin, Pasja ryegrass vs. Purpletop trunips, Sowed Purpletop turnips at 5 lb/acre; ryegrass at 22 lb/acre; CP for turnips, Appin and pasja ryegrass was 27.94%, 31.44% and 31.02%, and DM/acre of 2482, 1615 and 2049 lb, respectively; economic estimates indicate that cool season annuals saved producers money and extended the grazing season; provided recommendations for producer planting of brassicas OBJECTIVE 3 1. Nar  see proceedings; 2. Stephan  soyhulls used in pelleted form worked great; trying corn gluten this time at different levels; Were digestive problems noted with 3% bypass fat? No, but still have hay there and only 56 day study OBJECTIVE 4  see proceedings, few people presented 1. Nada  see proceedings 2. Steve Hart  Field Day proceedings on their website, questions about second edition of the meat goat handbook (hopefully out next year, What platform was used for educational modules? Terry Gibson would know. 3. Niki  talked about Small ruminant demonstration site (125 does, Spanish, Kiko, Boer, Savanna); some information provided to producers about SunnHemp use for pasture renovation (add N and organic matter) and for possible grazing 4. Nar  pre-vet club open show, goat show to raise money for travel; survey, took 4 years to make a profit for goat producers 5. Joan  Beginning Farmer grants and Arms to Farms training program for veterans; works with Spence Terrell, an intern at NCAT 6. Will for FVSU (not in proceedings)  353 incoming calls/emails technical issues addressed; state activities are county based, participated in 12 events, 3 regional conferences; with printed proceedings. Facilities issues on campus, Takes displays to several meetings; eXtension planning a sheep CoP Lamb meet getting a boost with locally grown push. BUSINESS MEETING Steve noted duties for officers, a new Secretary was voted in (Ken Andries) to be Chair in 2015 Jim Miller discussed the future of anthelmintics: Levamisole/Probhit back on market, Rumantel also worked when tried but feed-through only approved in goats (including dairy); withdrawal period  vets contact FARAD, for injectable Cydectin is 120-130 days, around 50 days for drench; Zolvix /Novartis should be on market any time now; Pfizer  Startec in Australia (paraherquaminde and abamectin combo; FDA thinking of allowing combo drugs in US; LongRange by Merck (Eprinomectin injection for cattle, approved), 50-60 day life; a little different than Cydectin/ivermectin but is a milbycin; discussions about withdrawals and off label use (in general at least twice labeled withdrawal for safety); residue studies in goats discussed (out of 438 tested, 4 residues (2 with Cydectin, 2 with dieldrin.  need to get a carcass-side test for anthelmintics Vaccine in NZ will never be in US; cost was high but they have modified harvesting to go from $500/dose to around $5/dose; not real vaccine, need 3 doses/yr to control H. contortus Nematophagus fungus Only producer is in Australia. More interest in US zoo market that anything (zoos in FL/CA losing a lot of valuable animals); spores susceptible to heat and not sure how long they remain viable over time, have to feed every day; discussions on potential for slow release bolus for delivery. Steve discussed Langston project on parasite resistance/selection, USDA Capacity Grant; Joan, OSU both working on it plus 2 goat and 2 sheep producers; It will only look at very early progress (2 cycles; due to 3 year grant length) using the buck/ram test and on farm selection; will have parasite challenge and look at effect of selection on other traits, doing some genomics and economic analysis too; St Croix, Katahdin, Boer, Spanish, Kiko breeds involved; Participating farmers $3K/yr stipend, plus some help with facility improvement on the farm; 120 breeding females needed on each farm with pen breeding of 6 groups and must have good management/record keeping; Langston will do FAMACHA 3 times, last time at weaning (FEC, weight, BCS females), cluster to identify superior, average, and inferior parsite resitance, send 15 males to buck/ram test, identify 5 aaverage, 5 superior and producer to pick 3 of five average males to breed to average Females and 3 superior males to breed to superior Females, submit 4 progeny from each 3 superior sire and 2 males from each average sire to test and start over process; need average group as a control to benchmark progress. Will try to find microsatellite markers in bucks; saving Female blood samples for future analysis; all data is within farm; Discussion on trying to find markers and genetics of resistance; Niki interested in the cost of NOT selecting (not controlling parasites) Stephan discussed National Animal Germplasm Program meeting 7-9 pm tomorrow, going to discuss development of a multistate AI development program; Boorola gene incorporation, phentoytpic data for NAGP, not just # straws and breed, tissue collections from animals from National sheep improvement program, Kiko germplasm needed, update on American Sheep Industry/American Goat Federation efforts Adjourned at 4:30 PM.

Clemson University Fetal growth was reduced by 37% when gestating ewes are exposed to ergot alkaloids in Fescue seed to simulate fescue toxicosis. There were a number of differences in bodyweight, size of muscles, thymus and spleen mass even when adjusted for carcass weight. Viscera weight was increased by endophyte. Delaware State University With increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance, it is of vital importance to evaluate how the natural resistance in breeds of goats can be taken advantage of in order to sustain the small ruminant industry. Pumpkin seed oil was not effective in controlling internal parasites in Katahdin lambs. Feeding cut pumpkins was not effective in controlling internal parasites in Katahdin lambs. Due to producer interest in natural dewormers, more research needs to be conducted on these products. Dissemination of these research results through field days has led to increased options for parasite control and provides producers with data that can be used to make informed decisions on whether or not to use pumpkin seeds in their parasite control regime. Fort Valley State University Internal parasitism is the biggest threat to profitable small ruminant production world-wide, and prevalence of anthelmintic-resistant sheep and goat GIN is reaching epidemic proportions. Pelleted sericea lespedeza is now available commercially (Sims Brothers Seed Company, Union Springs, AL) giving organic/natural (forage-fed) goat producers a non-chemical alternative to coccidiostats or anthelminitic drugs. Louisiana State University Dissemination of research results through field days had led to use of technologies to better manage parasites, reduce animal losses, and increase profits. Producers provide feedback on what their greatest production problems are. North Carolina State University Training in the utilization and management of forages by field days will help goat producers to improve production and efficiency of production of goat meat, resulting in a more sustainable industry. The increased knowledge of participants in parasite workshops results in changes in gastrointestinal parasite control approach by producers and resulted in healthier animals, lower production costs and better culling and management decisions. In addition, many producers planted or requested information about sericea lespedeza due to our research results using this legume in a summer grazing system. Participants increased their knowledge, skills and abilities in goat production, including parasite control and forage management USDA Agricultural Research Service, Booneville, AR Dissemination of genetics with known breeding values to improve flock genetics, especially parasite resistance will reduce morbidity and mortality due to parasites.

Journal Articles Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., 2012. Use of a mixed sericea lespedeza pasture system for control of gastrointestinal nematodes lambs and kids. Vet. Parasitol. 186, 328-336. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., 2012. Grazing sericea lespedeza for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs. Vet. Parasitol. 186, 507-512. Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Mosjidis, J.A., 2012. Experiences with integrated concepts for the control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats in the United States. Vet. Parasitol. 186, 28-37. Knox, M.R., Besier, R.B., Le Jambre, L.F., Kaplan, R.M., Torres-Acosta, J.F.J., Miller, J., Sutherland, I., 2012. Novel approaches for the control of helminth parasites of livestock VI: Summary of discussions and conclusions. Vet Parasitol 186, 143149. Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Mosjidis, J.A., Kaplan, R.M., 2012. Experiences with integrated concepts for the control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats in the United States. Vet Parasitol 186, 28-37. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H.., 2012. Use of a mixed sericea lespedeza and grass pasture system for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs and kids. Vet Parasitol 186, 328-336. Juhnke, J., Miller, J., Hall, J.O., Provenza, F.D., Villalba, J.J., 2012. Preference for condensed tannins by sheep in response to challenge infection with Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 188, 104-114. Kijas, J.W., Miller, J.E., Hadfield, T., McCulloch, R., Garcia-Gamez, E., Porto Neto1, L.R., Cockett, N.E., 2012. Tracking the Emergence of a New Breed Using 49,034 SNP in Sheep. PlosOne 7(7): e41508. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041508. Luginbuhl, J-M., and J. P. Mueller. 2012. Performance of meat goats control-grazed on winter annual grasses. Sheep & Goat Res. 27:8-17. Cubbage, F., V. Glenn, J. P. Mueller, D. Robison, R. Myers, J-M. Luginbuhl, and R. Myers. 2012. Early tree growth, crop yields, and estimated returns for an agroforestry trial in Goldsboro, North Carolina. Agrofoestry Systems 86:323-334. DOI 10.1007/s10457-012-9481-0. Min, B. R., S. G. Solaiman, N. K. Gurung, J. Behrends, J.-S. Eun. E. Taha and J. Rose. 2012. Effects of pine bark supplementation on performance, rumen fermentation, and carcass characteristics of Kiko crossbred male goats. J ANIM SCI 2012, 90:3556-3567. doi: 10.2527/jas.2011-4931 originally published online July 31, 2012 Gurung, N. K., S. G. Solaiman, D. L. Rankins, Jr., A. L. Kendricks, G. M. Abdelrahim, W. and H. McElhenney. 2012. Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles on apparent nutrient digestibility and passage kinetics of Boer x Spanish castrated male goats. Journal of Applied Animal Research.doi:10.1080/09712119.2011.640205. Tedeschii L. O., A. Cannas, S.G. Solaiman, R. A. M. Vieira, N. K. Gurung. 2012. Development and evaluation of empirical equations to predict ruminal fractional passage rate of forages in goats. J. Agr. Sci. 150: 95-107. Leick, C. M., P.R. Broadway, S. Solaiman, J.M. Behrends. 2012. Quality and consumer acceptability of salt and phosphate enhanced goat loin from goats fed varying levels of pine bark. Meat Science 90: 665669. Tackie, N. O. 2012; In Tasha M. Hargrove, Nii O. Tackie, Robert Zabawa, and Walter A. Hill (eds.), Empowering Underserved Farmers and Rural Communities by Changing Legislation, USDA Eligibility Requirements, and Program Delivery, Tuskegee, AL: Tuskegee University. Burner, D.M., Burke, J.M., 2012. Survival of bristly locust (Robinia hispida L.) in an emulated organic goat silvopasture. Native Plants J. 13, 195-200. Moyle, J.R., Burke, J.M., Fanatico, A., Spencer, T., Arsi, K., Reyes-Herrera, I., Donoghue, D.J., Wooming, A., Mosjidis, J.A., Donoghue, A.M., 2012. Palatability of tannin-rich sericea lespedeza fed to broilers. J. Appl. Poultry Res. 21, 891-896. Mosjidis, J.A., Burke, J.M., Hess, J.B., 2012. The facts about sunn hemp toxicity. Crop Sci. 52, 1469-1474. Gujja, S., Terrill, T.H., Mosjidis, J.A., Miller, J.E., Mechineni, A., Kommuru, D.S., Shaik, S.A., Burke, J.M., 2013. Effect of supplemental sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets on gastrointestinal nematode infection in grazing goats. Vet. Parasitol. 191, 51-58. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., 2012. Use of a mixed sericea lespedeza pasture system for control of gastrointestinal nematodes lambs and kids. Vet. Parasitol. 186, 328-336. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., 2012. Grazing sericea lespedeza for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs. Vet. Parasitol. 186, 507-512. Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Mosjidis, J.A., 2012. Experiences with integrated concepts for the control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats in the United States. Vet. Parasitol. 186, 28-37. Godfrey, R.W., M.C. Vinson and R.C. Ketring. 2012. Evaluation of split feeding regimens on growth and productivity of hair sheep ewes and lambs in the tropics. J. Anim. Vet. Adv. 11:2747-2752. Wildeus, S. (2012) Accelerated hair sheep lamb production systems in the tropics: Joining three times in two years. Tecnol. & Ciên. Agropec. 6:55-63 Abstracts Wu, C., Hadfield, T., Miller, J.E., Kijas, J., Cockett, N., 2012. Genome-Wide Association and Meta-Analysis in an Outbred Sheep Population: Identifying Genetic Loci Influencing Parasite Resistance. Proc XX Conf Plant and Animal Genome, 239. Whitley, N.C., Terrill, T.H., Kommuru, D.S.D., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Townsend, L., Horton, R., Frencj, J., 2012. Influence of sericea lespedeza lraf meal pellets on gastrointestinal nematode parasite fecal egg counts in artificially infected goats. Proc SCC-81, 18-20. Wilson, A., Solaiman, S., Min, B.R., Gurung, N., Miller, J., 2012. Effect of feeding tannin-containing pine bark on performance, parasite load and blood metabolities in goats. Proc Scc-81, 20-21. Wilson, E.A., Solaiman, S., Min, B.R., Gurung, N., McElhenny, W., Miller, J., 2012. Effect of feeding tannin-containing pine bark on performance, parasite load and blood metabolites in goats. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 90, Suppl. 3, 142. Kommuru, D. S., T. H. Terrill, N. C. Whitley, J.E. Miller, and J. M. Burke. 2012. Effect of feeding sericea lespedeza pellets on Haemonchus contortus in goats. J. Anim. Sci. 90 E-Suppl. 1:440. Abdalla, H. Ismail, S. Ibrahim, N. Whitley, and M. Worku. 2012. Evaluation of the impact of dietary sericea lespedeza on rumen microflora and innate immunity in goats. J. Anim. Sci. 90 E-Suppl 1: 384-385.Publications Matthews, K.K., D.J. O'Brien, N.C. Whitley, J.E. Miller, J.M. Burke, and R.A. Barczewski. 2012. Efficacy of pumpkin seed oil in controlling internal parasites in Katahdin lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 90 E-Suppl. 3:30-31. Merriott, R., H. Ismail, G. Summers, and M. Worku. 2012. Relative resistance to gastrointestinal nematode parasitic infection in sheep and goats. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 90, Suppl. 3/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 95, Suppl. 2. Whitley, N.C., R.M. Kaplan, R.A. Franco, K. Moulton, and A.E. Cooper. 2012. Anthelmintic resistance testing and agricultural professional training on horse farms in North Carolina. J. Anim. Sci. 90 E-Suppl. 1:32. Worku, M., N. Mikiashvili, and H. Ishmael. 2011. Comparative evaluation of gene expression in bovine and caprine neutrophils. Anim. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 94, E-Suppl. 1 Worku, M., H. Mukhtar, and N. Mikiashvilli, 2011. Detection and expression of the gene encoding low density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins 6 (LRP6) in goat peripheral blood. Anim. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 94, E-Suppl. 1. Luginbuhl, J-M., and J. P. Mueller. 2012. Survival rate and mineral composition of four fodder tree species for meat goats. Proc. XI International conference on Goats. p 291. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Spain. Pietrosemoli, S., J-M. Luginbuhl, and J. T. Green. 2012. Effect of outdoor swine management systems on the botanical composition of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea L.) paddocks. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Suppl. 3):7. Mobini, S., W. R. Getz, T. H. Terrill, R. M. Kaplan, J.E. Miller, L. Williamson, J. M. Burke, A. Zajac, E. Valencia, J-M. Luginbuhl, M. J. Williams, G. B. Bath, and N. C. Whitley.2012. Smart drenching and FAMACHA integrated training for sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants. Proc. XI International conference on Goats. p 30. Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Spain. Wildeus, S. and Zeng, S. S. (2012) Effect of season and by-pass fat supplementation on milk composition of hair sheep ewes lambing in spring and fall. Proc. Ann. Meet. South. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci., p. 30. Szabo, S. D., Wildeus, S. and Teutsch, C. D. (2012) Growth intake and feed efficiency In hair sheep lambs fed a hay-based diet with increasing levels of soyhull inclusion. Proc. Ann. Meet. South. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci., p. 4. Wildeus, S. (2012) Pregnancy rates in hair sheep ewes following vaginal insemination with fresh and short-term stored liquid semen. Reprod. Dom. Anim., 47 (Suppl. 4): 422. Proceedings Terrill, T.H., Kommuru, D.S., Desai, S., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Mosjidis, J.A., 2012. Use of pelleted sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) for natural control of coccidiosis in weaned goats. Proc Inter Grasslands Congress, Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Terrill, T.H., Mosjidis, J.A., 2012. Update on using sericea lespedeza for controlling nematode and coccidia infection in sheep and goats. Proc CAPARA, Miller, J.E., 2012. Gulf Coast Native - A Local Breed of Sheep with Enhanced Resistance against Gastrointestinal Nematodes. Proc International workshop on genetic resistance to parasites in small ruminants, 32-42. Merriott, R., H. Mukhtar, R.C. Noble, M. Worku. 2011. Studies on the effect of administration of Cydectin®(moxidectin)for sheep in goats in controlling natural infections of Haemonchus contortus in goats.. ARD 2011 Biennial Research Symposium- April 9-13, Atlanta, GA Mukhtar, H. and M. Worku 2011. Identification and expression of Wnt co-receptor ARD LRP6) in goat peripheral blood. ARD 2011 Biennial Research Symposium- April 9-13, Atlanta, GA.2011 Biennial Research Symposium- April 9-13, Atlanta, GA Whitley, N., K. Moulton, R. Franco A. Cooper, R. Jackson, and T. Conrad-Acuna. 2012. Livestock integrated parasite management in North Carolina. Proceedings, 6th National Small Farm Conference:124. Whitley, N., K. Moulton, R. Franco, A. Cooper, R. Jackson and T. Conrad-Acuna. 2012. Livestock Integrated Parasite Management in North Carolina. Proceedings, Association of Extension Administrators National Meeting, June 24-28. Worku, M., R. Noble, H. Mukhtar, J. Williams, R. Meriott, and G. Summers 2012. Co-grazing of Hair Sheep and Meat Goats. Abstract in Small Farm Field Day proceedings/agenda Wildeus, S., Lupton, C.J., Zajac, A.M. (2012). Effect of parasite management on fiber growth and quality in alpacas in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic region. ICAR Satellite Meeting on Camelid Reproduction, Vancouver, Canada, p. 148-151. Jacobs, J., S. A. Bowdridge. 2012. Increased peripheral cellular immune responses are associated with FEC reduction in parasite-resistant St. Croix sheep during H. contortus infection. Proc. 57th Meeting Am. Mata, D., S. Bowdridge, C. Moore, J. Jacobs, J. Kotcon, and W. Bryan. 2012 Response of weaned, spring-born grass-fed organic lambs to dewormer and grain supplement. Proc. Northeast Organic Research Symposium. Saratoga Springs, NY