Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The meeting of the NCERA 212: Soybean Diseases Committee was held at the Sheraton Westport Hotel, St Louis, MO, February 13-14, 2013. The meeting was held in conjunction with the Soybean Breeders Workshop. The meeting was called to order at 1pm on the 13th of February by Chair, Kiersten Wise (Purdue Univ.). The meeting began with brief introductions of everyone in attendance. Brief oral state reports were given on soybean production in 2012, drought was a major factor however some states were not affected as severely as expected. Soybean vein necrosis virus was noted to be an emerging disease which was widespread across most states. Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV) expert panel: Don Hershman provided an overview of soybean vein necrosis virus. SVNV has been confirmed in 15 states, as far as we know it has not been reported outside of the US. Yield and quality effects are as yet unknown. Ioannis Tzanetakis. Conventional RT-PCR, RT-qPCR, ELISA and dot-blot assays are available for diagnostics. Soybean thrips (Sericothrips variabilis) have been demonstrated to be a very effective vector. Morning glories were demonstrated to be an asymptomatic host of SVNV. Legumes tested including soybeans appear not to be hosts of the virus but exhibit a hypertensive (local lesion) response, thus limiting movement of the virus within the plant. Potential exists for the virus to mutate or interact with other viruses to become systemic. Tobacco can be used to maintain the virus in the greenhouse for about a month, before plants succumb to disease. Only the 1st and 2nd thrip larval stages can acquire the virus, not known if SVNV can be passed to thrip offspring, there are only a few tospovirus examples of this. Les Domier. Metagenomics of viruses in soybean. SVNV detected across states sampled except North Dakota and only very low genetic diversity of the virus found. A new nepovirus was found with high frequently in North Dakota. Discussion from the floor Doug Jardine  Valent trying to organize meeting for AP3 (Ethaboxam) at North Central APS meeting. Anne Dorrance led discussion on improving our profile with growers, industry and Universities, to communicate the value of the research and extension that we do both individually, at the University level and as a group. Concern was expressed as to the dissemination of research and extension information and the need to improve this. It was suggested to improve linkage with local boards, tour them through labs and greenhouses to demonstrate the research. Can we develop a summary of work done by NCERA212 members to improve soybean production and protect yield. Plant health initiative website does not come up very high in soybean searches, this needs to be examined. Marty  Work with Kelly Whiting to arrange to have USB and NCSRP board members to attend NCERA-212 meeting. Meeting was called to a close at 5pm and reconvened at 8.30 am on the 14th of February. Carl Bradley led a discussion on the large shift in sensitivity to azoxystrobin in 2010. Isolates collected from Southern Illinois, Kentucky and Tennessee. Some of these fields dont have a high use of fungicides. As well as in vitro agar plate assays, the isolates were also demonstrated to be insensitive in the greenhouse. Discriminatory dose determined to be 0.1ppm azoxystrobin, which can be used to screen isolates directly from sporulating leaf material. Resistance has now been detected in IL, MO, KY, TN, AR, MS, LA, and AL. This does not necessarily translate to lack of control in the field. Observational trials demonstrated big shift in population sensitivity to QoIs in contrast to other MOA, in support of this the G143A mutation was detected. Kiersten Wise discussed foliar fungicide efficacy table, it was noted that a foot note should be inserted to state that these recommendations are for soybean grain only, recommendations for edamame may differ. Leonor Leandro presented information on the soybean growth stage and susceptibility to F. virguliforme. Tagged plant studies demonstrate that seedlings can grow out of SDS and my not show symptoms for the rest of the season. In flowering delay experiments where reproduction is delayed by picking flowers off plants there was a reduction in SDS foliar incidence and severity and reduction in root rot severity. When plants are exposed to culture filtrate at different growth stages plants demonstrate significantly more symptoms at reproductive stages vs. vegetative stages. [is ethylene involved, can we use GC to see what is happening physiologically?] Empty BPMV vector increases susceptibility to SDS. Are there viral-SDS interactions in the field? Anne Dorrance resistance screening discussion. There is a need for a review of screening methods to identify QTLs and minor genes that are being missed by the companies and breeders. Review and comparison of methods is needed. Annes lab lost a field of Conrad to stink bug (all three spp. present) damage. No difference in shape of pod, but seeds will be shriveled, edges of field may have green stems. Need to maintain and secure differentials that are used by many groups. Silvia suggested that the national soybean repository is willing to assist in maintaining these lines. Send list to Anne of wish list of lines so that we can determine costing on reproduction. Martin Chilvers discussion on seed treatment efficacy chart. How will growers use the information? Perhaps we need a separate one for us and one for growers? Add additional a.i.s Rhizobium column, may need to add footnote to tell people to check with their rhizobe dealer and label (formulation issue ). Ed Sikora ipmPIPE discussion of how to use site for frog eye leaf spot, should the site only show counties in which samples have been tested. Decision to be made at NCERA208 meeting for implementation. Scott Isard iPiPE to facilitate data sharing among agriculture stakeholders, will be the next step in evolution of ipmPIPE, with more diseases and entry of data by more stakeholders. Small scale release in 2013 for us to begin using it and determine what works and what doesnt. Android app available now and iPhone app nearly ready. Daren Mueller, collecting disease scouting data with Apps. Update on ScoutPro which can be used to collect field data and have that synced up. Can we use this as a tool for improving our collaborative efforts in terms of using consistent rating scales? Steve Slack presented an administrative update. NCERA-212 committee up for renewal. Current group terminates Sep 2014. Issues and justification section  by September of 2014, whole re-write due by Dec. If we want to keep same number need a justification, may want to change number to demonstrate change. Need impact statement, for example how we have addressed frog eye leaf spot, SVNV  short statement with photos. Need to emphasize emerging diseases, dynamic system, communicating across state lines to be more efficient. Need to re-request to be on the participant list, need to go through experimental station director to get kept on list. Update objectives to show progress and current situation. Suggest to keep objectives down to about 3 (currently have 7). Take care in how things are worded, to avoid what may look to be duplication of support. Primary objective for this group is information/data sharing. Business meeting. 2012 minutes approved, motioned by Carl second Doug, all in favor. Motion to renew NCERA212 group motioned Marty, second Berlin, all in favor Motion Loren, second to switch back to 137 from 212 all in favor. Heather volunteered and elected to secretary in 2014 and chair in 2015, unanimous support. Options for meeting in 2014 include SSDW which meets in March, or virology group John Hill (Chair, Iowa State), Leonor can initiate contact. Writing committee for soybean disease committee renewal: Anne, Kiersten, Marty (chair), Loren, Doug, Heather (secretary). Meeting was adjourned at 12 noon on February 14th. Please note: The compiled State Reports are included as an attachment to these minutes. State reports also include publications.

Our mission: The NCERA 212 Committee monitors the development of soybean diseases and directs science-based information to breeders and agricultural companies across the US. The committee has a system of rapid exchange of information about current and emerging pathogen issues that helps mitigate yield losses and assists growers and companies in cost savings. 1. Foster collaborative research and information exchange on new and emerging soybean diseases among scientists in the north central region including soybean breeders and entomologists that will lead to improved disease screening protocols, additional sources of disease resistance genes and ultimately, improved host plant resistance

2. Compare findings on the impacts of changing production practices such as earlier planting dates, new sources of host plant resistance, increased use of fungicide seed treatments and foliar fungicides, and other new or improved crop production technologies on soybean diseases that could be adopted for other production areas in the region.

3. Compare data from studies of the ecology and epidemiology of soybean diseases important in the north central region.

4. Improve knowledge transfer about soybean diseases and their management in the North Central Region to researchers, Extension faculty, producers and the agribusiness community through the use of web sites, podcasts and other new technologies as they are developed.

5. Continue to monitor and share information for any new or reemerging pathogens of soybean in the north central region and develop appropriate responses to their emergence as they occur.

Books Mueller, D.S., Wise, K.A., Dufault, N.S., Bradley, C.A., Chilvers, M.I. 2013. Fungicides for Field Crops. The American Phytopathological Society Press, St. Paul, MN. Refereed publications and abstracts Abdelsamad, N., Mbofung, G. C., Robertson, A. E., Liebman, M., and Leandro, L.F. 2012. Long-term crop rotations suppress soybean sudden death syndrome in Iowa.Phytopathology 475P Abeysekara, N., Matthiesen, R., Cianzio, S., Bhattacharyya, M. and Robertson, A. 2012. Identification of quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean. Phytopathology 102:S4.1 Diaz-Arias ,M. M., Leandro, L. F., and Munkvold, G. P. 2012. Frequency of isolation, aggressiveness, and impact on yield of Fusarium root rot species in soybean in Iowa. Phytopathology 322P Ellis, M. L. Diaz-Arias, M. M., Cruz, D. R., Munkvold, G. and Leandro, L. F. S. First report of Fusarium commune causing damping-off, seed rot, and seedling root rot on soybean (Glycine max) in the United States. Plant Disease (accepted) Ellis, M. L. Diaz-Arias, M. M., Leandro, L. F. S. and Munkvold, G. 2012. First Report of Fusarium armeniacum Causing Seed Rot and Root Rot on Soybean (Glycine max) in the United States. Plant Disease 96:2693. Leandro, L. F. S., Robertson, A. E., Mueller, D. S., and Yang, X.B. Climatic and environmental trends observed during epidemic and non-epidemic years of soybean sudden death syndrome in Iowa. Plant Health Progress (accepted) Leandro, L. F. S., Tatalovic, N. and Lucked, A. 2012. Soybean sudden death syndrome  advances in knowledge and disease management. CAB Reviews 7:053. doi:10.1079/PAVSNNR20127053 Leandro, L.F., Robertson, A.E., Mueller, D.S., and X.B. Yang. 2013. Comparison of environmental conditions during epidemic and non-epidemic years of soybean sudden death syndrome in Iowa. Plant Health Progress. Accepted November 2012. Luckew, A., Cianzio, S. and Leandro, L. F. S. 2012. Screening method for distinguishing soybean resistance to Fusarium virguliforme in resistant by resistant crosses. Crop Science 52 (5): 2215-2223. Matthiesen, R. Abeysekara, N., Robertson, A. and Maroof, S. 2012. Combining isolates to screen for novel sources of resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean. Phytopathology 102:S4.77 Mbofung, G. C. Y., Harrington, T. C., Steimel, J., Navi, S. S., Yang, X. B., and Leandro, L. 2012. Multiloci fingerprint analysis reveals genetic variability within Fusarium virguliforme population from Iowa. Canadian J. Plant Pathology 34:83-97. Peltier, A.J., Bradley, C.A., Chilvers, M.I., Malvick, D.K., Mueller, D.S., Wise, K.A., Esker, P.D. 2012. Biology, yield loss, and control of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 3(2):B1-B7 Robertson, A.E., Block, C.C., Hurburgh, C.R. and Shepherd, L.M. 2012. Effect of Gosss leaf blight severity on grain quality and on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis seed infection. Phytopathology 102:S4.101 Rojas, A., Jacobs, J., Bradley, C.A., Esker, P.D., Giesler, L., Jardine, D., Nelson, B.D., Malvick, D. K., Markell, S., Robertson, A.E., Rupe, J.C., Sweets, L. Wise, K.A., Chilvers, M.I. 2012. Survey of oomycete species associated with soybean seedling diseases in the United States. Phytopathology 102 (Suppl): S5.8 Rojas, A., Jacobs, J., Bradley, C.A., Esker, P.D., Giesler, L., Jardine, D., Nelson, B.D., Malvick, D. K., Markell, S., Robertson, A.E., Rupe, J.C., Sweets, L. Wise, K.A., Chilvers, M.I. 2012. Survey of oomycete species associated with soybean seedling diseases in the United States. Phytopathology 102:S4.102 Smith, D.L., Watson, Q., Willis, D.K., German, T.L., Phibbs, A., Mueller, D.S., Dittman, J.D., Saalau-Rojas, E., Whitham, S.A. 2013. First Report of Soybean Vein Necrosis Disease Caused by Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus in Wisconsin and Iowa. Plant Disease. Accepted December 2012 Stewart, S. and Robertson, A.E. 2012. A modified method to screen for partial resistance for Phytopthora sojae in soybean. Crop Science 52:1181-1186 Tatalovic, N., Tylka, G. L., and Leandro, L. F. 2012. Effect of watering on the dynamics of Heterodera glycines and Fusarium virguliforme interaction in soybean roots. Phytopathology 448P Extension publications Sisson, A., Mueller, D., Robertson, A., Hodgson, E., Schaefer, K., Licht, M., and McGrath, C. 2012. Early Season Corn Scouting. Iowa State University Extension: CSI 0017. Sisson, A., Mueller, D., Robertson, A., Hodgson, E., Schaefer, K., Licht, M., and McGrath, C. 2012. Mid-Season Soybean Scouting. Iowa State University Extension: CSI 0007. Sisson, A., Mueller, D., Robertson, A., Hodgson, E., Schaefer, K., Licht, M., and McGrath, C. 2012. Late Season Soybean Scouting. Iowa State University Extension: CSI 0008. Mueller, D. and Sisson, A. Scouting White Mold in Soybean. Iowa State University Extension: CSI 020. September 2011. Bradley, C. A., Wood, A. Zhang, G. R., Murray, J. E., Phillips, D. V., and Ming, R. 2012. Genetic diversity of Cercospora sojina revealed by amplified fragment length polymorphism markers. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 34:410-416. Hill, C. B., Chirumamilla, A., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. Resistance and virulence in the soybean-Aphis glycines interaction. Euphytica 186:635-646. Hobbs, H. A., Jossey, S., Wang, Y., Hartman, G. L., and Domier, L. L. 2012. Diverse soybean accessions identified with temperature-sensitive resistance to Tobacco Streak Virus. Crop Science 52:738-744. Jiang, Y. N., Haudenshield, J. S., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. Characterization of Pythium spp. from soil samples in Illinois. Canadian Journal of Plant Patholgoy 34:448-454. Jiang, Y. N., Haudenshield, J. S., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. Response of soybean fungal and oomycete pathogens to apigenin and genistein. Mycology: An International Journal of Fungal Biology 3:153-157. Kim, K. S., Unfried, J. R., Hyten, D. L., Frederick, R. D., Hartman, G. L., Nelson, R. L., Song, Q., and Diers, B. W. 2012. Molecular mapping of soybean rust resistance in soybean accession PI 561356 and SNP haplotype analysis of the Rpp1 region in diverse germplasm. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 125:1339-1352. Radwan, O., Li, M., Calla, B., Li, S., Hartman, G. L., and Clough, S. J. 2012. Effect of Fusarium virguliforme phytotoxin on soybean gene expression suggests a role in multidimensional defence. Molecular Plant Pathology DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12006. Twizeyimana, M., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. Pathogenic variation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolates on soybean in the United States from 2006 to 2009. Plant Disease 95:75-81. Twizeyimana, M., Hill, C. B., Pawlowski, M., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. A cut-stem inoculation technique to evaluate soybean for re- sistance to Macrophomina phaseolina. Plant Disease 96:1210-1215. Vittal, R., Haudenshield, J. S., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. A multiplexed immunofluorescence method identifies Phakopsora pachyrhizi urediniospores and determines their viability. Phytopathology 102:1143-1152. Vittal, R., Yang, H., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. Anastomosis of germ tubes and nuclear migration of nuclei in germ tube networks of the soybean rust pathogen, Phakopsora pachyrhizi. European Journal of Plant Pathology 132:163-167. Yang, H. C., Haudenshield, J. S., and Hartman, G. L. 2012. First report of Colletotrichum chlorophyti causing soybean anthracnose. Plant Disease 96:1699. Zhang, X. C., Freire, M. C. M., Le, M. H., De Oliveria, L. O., Pitkin, J. W., Segers, G., Concibido, V. C., Baley, G. J., Hartman, G. L., Upchurch, G., Pedley, K. F., and Stacey, G. 2012. Genetic diversity and origins of Phakopsora pachyrhizi isolates in the United States. Asian Journal of Plant Pathology DOI: 10.3923/ajppaj.2012. Extension Publications: Ruhl, G. and Wise, K. 2012. Symptoms of soybean vein necrosis linked to a new Tospovirus. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 23. Wise, K. 2012. Sudden death syndrome in soybean appearing in Indiana. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 21. Wise, K. 2012. Fungicide applications in soybean: Risk vs. Reward. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 19. Wise, K., and Hughes, T. 2012. Scout soybean fields for charcoal rot. Purdue Pest and Crop Newsletter. Issue 16. Mengistu, A., Arelli, P.A., Bellaloui, N., Bond, J.P., Shannon, G.J., Wrather, A.J., Rupe, J.B., Chen, P., Little, C.R., Canaday, C.H., Newman, M.A., and Pantalone, V.R. 2012. Evaluation of soybean genotypes for resistance to three seedborne diseases. Plant Health Progress: Online (DOI: 10.1094/PHP-2012-0321-02-RS). Mengistu, A., Arelli, P.A., Bond, J.P., Shannon, G.J., Wrather, A.J., Rupe, J.B., Chen, P., Little, C.R., Canaday, C.H., Newman, M.A., and Pantalone, V.R. 2011. Evaluation of soybean genotypes for resistance to charcoal rot. Plant Health Progress: Online (DOI: 10.1094/PHP-2010-0926-01-RS). Pedrozo, R., and Little, C.R. 2012. Identification and characterization of soybean seedborne fungi in Kansas. Phytopathology 102: S4.91 Pedrozo, R. and Little, C.R. APSnet Image of the Week (February 14-28, 2012). "Phomopsis seed decay." APS publication number: FI00147; http://www.apsnet.org/publications/imageresources/Pages/FI00147 .aspx Peltier, A.J., Bradley, C.A., Chilvers, M.I., Malvick, D.K., Mueller, D.S., Wise, K.A., Esker, P.D. 2012. Biology, yield loss, and control of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. Journal of Integrated Pest Management 3(2):B1-B7. Chilvers, M.I. and Serven, B.L. Submitted Nov-12-12. Foliar fungicide efficacy on brown spot of soybeans in Michigan, 2012. Plant Disease Management Reports. Mueller, D., Wise, K., Dufalt, N., Bradley, C. and Chilvers, M.I. (Edited) 2013. Fungicides for Field Crops. APS Press. 120 pages. Chilvers, M.I. 2012. Molecular diagnostics in plant disease diagnostic clinics&whats the status? (Editorial) Fungal Genomics and Biology. 2:e102. doi:10.4172/2165-8056.1000e102 Chilvers, M.I., Warner, F.W., Jacobs, J.L. and Wang, J. 2012. Efficacy of nematicide and fungicide seed treatments for soybean cyst nematode and soybean sudden death syndrome in Michigan, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports. 6:ST003 Chilvers, M.I., Jacobs, J.L. and Boyse, J.F. 2012 2012. Triazole foliar fungicide efficacy on Septoria brown spot in soybeans in Michigan, 2011. Plant Disease Management Reports. 6:FC026 Extension articles in 2012-13 Chilvers, M.I. Phytoplasma (aster yellows) identified on Michigan soybeans. MSU Extension News, Oct, 4, 2012. Chilvers, M.I. Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus (SVNaV) confirmed in Michigan. MSU Extension News, Sep, 13, 2012. Picked up by Plant Management Network Sept, 20, 2012. http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/news/2012/SVNaV/ Chilvers, M.I. Management of soybean white mold: iTunes podcast now available. MSU Extension News, July, 30, 2012. Chilvers, M.I. et al. Drought: Implications for near-term management decisions in field crops  Fungicides: To spray or not to spray? MSU Extension News, July, 5, 2012. Chilvers, M.I., Jacobs, J., and Rojas, A. Multiple Pythium species associated with soybean and corn seedling disease in Michigan. MSU Extension News. May, 1, 2012. Chilvers, M.I. Soybean seedling disease study. Webcast, hosted at University of Nebraska Lincoln. Apr, 4, 2012. View... Robertson, A. and Chilvers, M. Soybean seedling disease study. Developed PowerPoint file in conjunction with Dr. Alison Robertson, Iowa State University to introduce the NIFA-CAP soybean oomycete project and provide introduction to soybean seedling diseases. The file was distributed to the oomycete extension network for use in winter meetings. Jan, 11, 2012. Kolander, T.M., Bienapfl, J.C., Kurle, J.E., and Malvick, D.K. 2012. Symptomatic and asymptomatic host range of Fusarium virguliforme, the causal agent of soybean (Glycine max) sudden death syndrome. Plant Disease 96:1148-1153. J. C. Bienapfl, C. M. Floyd, J. A. Percich, and D. K. Malvick. 2012. First report of Clonostachys rosea causing root rot of soybean in the United States. Plant Disease. 96:1700. Peltier, A.J., Bradley, C.A., Chilvers, M.I., Malvick, D.K., Mueller, D.S., Wise, K.A., Esker, P.D. 2012. Biology, yield loss, and control of Sclerotinia stem rot of soybean. Journal of Integrated Pest Management. 3(2):B1-B7. Chen, S., Kurle, J., Sun, M., Naeve, S., Wyse, D., and Stahl, E. 2012. Preceding Crops Affected Soybean Iron-deficiency Chlorosis and Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Soybean Cyst Nematode Infested Fields. Crop Sci. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2012.03.0170; Published online 8 Oct. 2012. 53:1-10. Gillitzer, P., Martin, A.C., Kantar, M., Kauppi,K.L., Dahlberg, S., Lis, D., Kurle, J., Sheaffer, C., and Wyse, D. 2012.Optimization of screening of native and naturalized plants from Minnesota for antimicrobial activity. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 6:938-949. Abstracts and Posters Malvick, D. K., Curland, R. D., Ishimaru, C. A. 2012. Widespread distribution of Gosss bacterial leaf blight and wilt of corn and potential variation in virulence of Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. nebraskensis in Minnesota. Sorur, A. Y., Warner, Reinhardt, A., T., Pfaff, M., Bond, J. P., Leonardo, L, Malvick., D.K, Fakhoury, A. M.. 2012. Profiling microbial communities in soils of SDS-infested sybean fields using next-generation sequencing. Rojas, A., Jacobs, J., Bradley, C. A., Esker, P. D., Giesler, L., Jardine, D., Nelson, B. D.,. Malvick, D. K, Markell, S., Robertson, A. E, Rupe, J. C, Sweets, L., Wise, K. A., Chilvers, M. I.. 2012. Survey of oomycete species associated with soybean seedling diseases in the United States. Anderson, G., Zumwalde, C., Brose, I., and Kurle, J.E. 2012. Increase in Phytophthora sojae virulence and number of pathotypes in Minnesota in the period 1984 to 2011. Phytopathology. 102(Suppl. 5):S5.1. Barbeau, A., Martin, A., Anderson , G., Kurle , J. E., Wyse, D., Use of in-vitro and colorimetric techniques to assay extracts from indigenous plant species for antifungal properties. Phytopathology. 102(Suppl. 5):S5.1. Publications Refereed Journals: Hobbs, H. A., Domier, L. L. and Nelson, B. D. 2012. First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus and Soybean dwarf virus on Soybean in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 96:1829 Nelson, B.D., Bolton , M. D., Lopez-Nicora, H. D., and Niblack, T. L. 2012. First confirmed report of Heterodera schachtii in North Dakota. Plant Dis. 96:772. Abstracts Ameen, G., del Rio-Mendoza , L., Nelson, B. D. 2012. Characterization of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sensitivity to metconazole in North Central United States. Phytopathology 102:S4.4 Poromarto, S. H., Nelson, B. D., Goswami, R. S., Welsh, M. 2012. Reproduction of soybean cyst nematode on accessions of the core collection of Phaseolus vulgaris. Phytopathology 102:S4.93 A. Rojas, J. Jacobs, C. A. Bradley, P. D. Esker, L. Giesler, D. Jardine, B. D. Nelson, D. K. Malvick, S. Markell, A. E., Robertson, J. C. Rupe, L. Sweets, K. A. Wise, and M. I. Chilvers. 2012. Survey of oomycete species associated with soybean seedling diseases in the United States. Phytopathology 102:S4.102 Zitnick-Anderson, K. and Nelson Jr., B. D. 2012. Characterization and identification of Pythium from soybean roots in North Dakota. Phytopathology 102:S4.145 Zitnick-Anderson, K., and Nelson Jr., B. D. 2012. Stimulation of sexual structure production by Pythium. Phytopathology 102:S4.145 Knodel, J., McMullen, M., Markell, S., Ashley, R., Endres, G., Waldstein, D., Larson, C., and Nelson, D. 2012. Integrated pest management survey for insect and disease pests of oilseed crops in North Dakota. Proceedings of the 7th International IPM Symposium. Memphis, TN. March 27-29, 2012. Qiu, C. and Nelson, B. D. 2012. Genetic Variation and Aggressiveness of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in the United States. Proceedings of the 2012 Sclerotinia Initiative Annual Meeting, Bloomington, MN, January 18-20, 2012. http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/ad_hoc/54000000WhiteMoldResearch/2012/2012%20Sclerotinia%20Initiative%20Meeting%20Booklet3.pdf Popular Press articles: Nelson, B., and Markell, S. 2012. A season for SCN. The North Dakota Soybean Grower Magazine 1(2):16-17. Wang, H., Wijeratne, A., Wijeratne, S., Lee, S., Taylor, C., St. Martin, S.K., McHale, L., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Dissection of two soybean QTL conferring partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae through sequence and gene expression analysis. BMC Genomics.2012, 13:428. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-428. Costamilan, L.M., Clebsch, C.C., Soares, R.M., Seixas, C.D.S., Godoy, C.V., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Diversity of Phytophthora sojae pathotypes from Brazil. European J. of Plant Pathol. DOI: 10.1007/s10658-012-0128-9. Nguyen, V.T., Vuong, T.D., VanToai, T., Lee, J.D., Wu, X., Mian M.A.Rouf, Dorrance, A.E., Shannon, J.G., and Nguyen, H.T. 2012. Mapping of quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to Phytophthora sojae and flooding tolerance in soybean. Crop Sci. 52:2481-2493. Ellis, M.L., Wang, H., Paul, P., St. Martin, S.K., McHale, L., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Identification of soybean genotypes resistant to Fusarium graminearum and genetic mapping of resistance quantitative trait loci in the cultivar Conrad. Crop Sci. 52:2224-2233. Ellis, M.L., Paul, P.A., Broders, K.D., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Two new species of Pythium, P. schmitthenneri and P. selbyi pathogens of corn and soybean in Ohio. Mycologia 104: 477-487. Wang, H., St. Martin, S.K., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Comparison of phenotypic methods and yield contributions of quantitative trait loci for partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean. Crop Science 52:609-622. Luster, D.G., McMahon, M.B., Edwards, H.H., Boerma, B.L., Lewis Ivey, M.L., Miller, S.A., and Dorrance, A.E. 2012. Novel Phakopsora pachyrhizi extracellular proteins are ideal targets for immunological diagnostic assays. AEM 78:3890-3895. Smith, D.L. Fritz, C. Watson, Q. Willis, D.K. German, T.L. Phibbs, A., Mueller, D., Dittman, D., Saalau-Rojas, E., Whitham, S.A. 201x. First Report of Soybean Vein Necrosis Disease Caused by Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus in Wisconsin and Iowa. Plant Dis. In press. Abd-Elmagid, A., Garrido, P.A., Hunger, R., Lyles, J.L., Mansfield, M.A., Gugino, B.K., Smith, D.L., Melouk, H.A., Garzon, C.D. 201x. Discriminatory simplex and multiplex PCR for four species of the genus Sclerotinia. Journal of Microbiological Methods in press. Extension MacGuidwin, A. and Smith, D.L. 2012. Soil Testing for Nematodes. Soy Sentinel. Vol. 9. No. 3. Smith, D.L. and Willis, D.K. 2012. A New Virus of Soybean Confirmed in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Crop Manager. http://ipcm.wisc.edu/wcm/ October 18, 2012. Smith, D.L. and Phibbs, A. 2012. New Phytophthora spp. Causing Root Rot on Soybean in Wisconsin. Wisconsin Crop Manager. http://ipcm.wisc.edu/wcm/ October 2.