Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Meeting Minutes The 2012 meeting of the NCCC-208 Committee was hosted by Purdue University on May 22  24, 2012. Prior to the meeting an agenda was circulated and travel arrangements made by attending members. On the afternoon of May 22nd, Jon Schoonmaker met Alfredo DiCostanzo and Galen Erickson at the Indianapolis airport and travelled to Elanco in Greenfield, IN. At Elanco they were met by Steve Loerch, Tara Felix, Dan Loy, Stephanie Hansen, and Robbi Pritchard. At Elanco, the group was given a tour of the facilities and Andrea Brake, Judson Vasconcelos, Bill Platter, and Nathan Pyatt presented updates on research and development, Elanco Knowledge Solutions, and Elanco products. The group then traveled to Fogo de Chao in Indianapolis for supper. On the morning of May 23rd, the group met in Lilly Hall at Purdue University where they were welcomed by Dr. Alan Matthew, Animal Sciences Department Head. Dr. Maynard Hogberg joined by telephone and provided the administrative report. Dr. Hogberg discussed the importance of the committee documenting collaborative and coordinated efforts in its station reports and informed the committee that its 5-year project renewal is due in September of 2012. After the telephone conference ended, new objectives were discussed and Alfredo DiCostanzo, Tara Felix, and Jon Schoonmaker agreed to write the renewal documents. Committee members contributed discussion on what focus areas for the upcoming re-write process should be considered. The decision was made to focus on feeding and managing feedlot cattle for segment and industry efficiency under reduced beef supply expected for the next 8 to 10 years. The committee also discussed if it should focus one of its objectives on food safety considering that there are other regional or national committees already tasked to do so. After some deliberation, the committee agreed to eliminate the current objective dealing with food safety although a secondary focus on this area will likely be retained by representatives already linked to microbiology and food safety experts within their university. The committee also agreed to encourage participation by states not traditionally represented in this committee: Texas A&M, West Texas A&M, Texas Tech, Oklahoma State, University of California. The 2013 meeting was set to be held May 21 to 23 at the University of Minnesota, and Alfredo DiCostanzo will be secretary. A suggested site for the 2014 meeting is Utah State University. After the meeting some discussion was started, due to the possible retirement of Dr. Steve Loerch in 2014, to have our 2014 meeting at the Ohio State University. More discussion will follow and the final decision will likely be made March 2013 at the time of the ASAS/ADSA Midwest Region Meetings in Des Moines, IA. Dr. Charlotte Kirk-Baer and Dr. Steve Smith joined the committee by telephone to give a report on personnel changes and funding opportunities within NIFA. They encouraged members to closely read RFAs in order to find appropriate programs to apply to. They also encouraged soliciting and submitting stakeholder input, and encouraged members to contact them with further questions. Lastly, the committee will need to consider how they will present impact evidence measures in the new project. Following the NIFA reports, discussion focused on the current request for committee members to serve on the new Beef NRC. Station reports were then held until lunch. After lunch, the group toured the feedlot at the Purdue University Animal Sciences Research and Education Center discussing research methods and capabilities. Station reports were then held until the meeting was adjourned for supper and discussion at 7:00 PM. The meeting resumed at 8:00 AM on May 24th with a presentation by Dr. Linda Chezem on animal welfare law. Following, the group contacted Dr. Austin Miles by phone to discuss possible input into the new Beef NRC publication. Station reports were resumed at 10:00. The meeting adjourned at 11:30 AM.

Section A: Short term outcomes Objective 1. To enhance the utilization of alternative feedstuffs including those which are available as a result of increased biofuel production while reducing reliance on cereal grains. Summary: Increasing DDGS inclusion and its impact on performance and sulfur metabolism continue to be a primary focus of the committee. Increasing dietary forage, changing forage type, and utilizing treated low quality forage to maximize fiber digestibility of DDGS appear to be a promising alternatives to cereal grains that decreased hydrogen sulfide gas production, increases usage of readily available feed resources, maintains performance, and decreases feed costs. University of Illinois Spring-calving cows (n=191) were utilized to evaluate the effects of late gestation diet type on subsequent progeny. Cows were placed one of two dietary treatments that were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous 90 d prior to expected calving date: corn coproducts and ground cornstalks, or ground hay. Cows were placed on a common diet post-calving with feedlot progeny (n=87) finished on a common diet. Feedlot calf performance and carcass characteristics were not affected by maternal diet type during late gestation. Fall-calving cows (n=260) grazing fescue/clover pastures were allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments 60 d prior to calving: 1) no supplement, or 2) supplementation of 2.1 kg DM/head/d dried distillers grains plus solubles offered daily. Subsequent steer progeny (n=82) were weaned at an average of 82 +/- 14d of age and finished on a common diet. Late gestation supplementation of DDGS at low levels did not affect subsequent calf feedlot performance and carcass characteristics. Two hundred fifty Angus-based calves were blocked by weight and sex and assigned to one of five diets for a 112 d growing phase: 1) high starch (CNT); 2) isofat, isonitrogenous coproduct diet (LFLP); 3) isofat, high protein coproduct diet (LFHP); 4) high fat, isonitrogenous coproduct diet (HFLP); 5) high protein, high fat coproduct diet (HFHP). A common finishing diet was fed for the last 112 d. Starch based control improved performance in the growing phase, but feedlot performance was unaffected by diet. High fat diets improved marbling score. Cattle were fed 20% of a treated stover product that was either stored in an ag bag or extruded through a Readco with 40% MWDGS. Compared to their feedlot controls, corn-based diets, cattle fed corn stover, regardless of processing method, ate less and gained less; therefore, they tended to have lower final bodyweights. Cattle were fed diets of 20% stover that was processed 4 different ways: 1) treated with 5% CaO then put in an ag bag, 2) treated with 5% CaO then extruded, 3) treated with 4% CaO and 1% NaOH then extruded, and 4) treated with 3% CaO and 2% NaOH then extruded. Cattle fed a control corn diet ate more than any of the cattle fed treated stover; however, gains did not differ. Diets containing 50% DDGS or 50% MWDGS were fed to 140 steers. DGS were either treated with 2.5% CaO or untreated. There was no effect of treatment on gains. Currently, 300 hd are on trial to investigate the use of corn stover (20% DMB) and MWDGS (40% DMB) to replace corn in the diet. These cattle will finish in September. Iowa State University Six ruminally-fistulated steers were fed diets containing 0.5 % S, from a combination of distillers grains and condensed corn distillers solubles. The experimental design was a 2 x 3 factorial with two roughage sources: cornstalks or bromegrass hay, at 1 of 3 levels of added roughage NDF of 4, 7, or 10 % on a DM basis. When balanced for NDF levels, chopped cornstalks and chopped bromegrass grass hay did not differ in their effects on rumen H2S concentrations and ruminal pH. The increased inclusion of roughage resulted in increased ruminal pH and decreased ruminal H2S. In a follow up study 150 steers were fed one of five diets formulated to contain 4, 6.5, 9, 11.5, or 13 % NDF from bromegrass hay. Steers fed increasing roughage increased DMI and thus gains were not affected. Increasing hay inclusion in the diet from 5% to 12% (DM basis) decreased H2S concentrations and appears to be a practical way to increase inclusion of high S ingredients such as ethanol co-products while reducing the risk of S toxicity. Supplementation of a rumen-protected vitamin C (10 g"h-1"d-1 during the finishing period) to cattle consuming a high sulfur (0.56% S) diet enhanced meat quality and may potentially increase tenderness of the final meat product. Increasing the inclusion of dietary sulfur resulted in less activation µ-calpain and lower marbling scores, however, the addition of vitamin C to the high sulfur diet alleviated the negative effects. TBARS values were greater in cattle consuming vitamin C but may be related to the greater iron content of rib-facings. Because DDGS-based diets are often high in S, feeding vitamin C to cattle may allow producers to reap the economic benefits of a DDGS-based diet while still maintaining the quality and tenderness that consumers expect. University of Minnesota A total collection experiment was conducted on 32 Angus steers to determine the effects of adding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (XP) to cattle diets with high (HS) or low (LS) sulfur concentrations on nutrient metabolism. No differences were found in DM or OM intake, retention, or excretion. No differences were observed for nitrogen or energy intake or retention; however, increased fecal nitrogen and fecal energy excretion were observed with the LS treatments. Additionally, the treatments did not alter the animals stress response to a vaccine containing Mannheimia haemolytica type A1. High sulfur diets led to an increase in zinc intake, fecal zinc, total zinc excretion, zinc retention, urine calcium, and phosphorus retention. Additionally, the LS + XP treatment led to an increase in fecal calcium. The HS + NXP also led to an increase in total calcium excreted, while the LS + NXP led to a decrease in total calcium excreted. Overall, it is clear that the S content of feedlot diets has an impact on nutrient metabolism through alterations in mineral retention. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of differing dietary concentrations of roughage (R; 5%, 10% or 15%) and sulfur (S; 0.28% or 0.56%) in beef cattle feedlot finishing diets. Treatments were arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial. Results suggest that increasing dietary roughage concentration increases DMI while high dietary S concentrations decrease DMI. However, no interactions occurred to suggest that performance may be enhanced by feeding increased roughage in high-S feedlot diets. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing 1,000 ppm Mn as manganese oxide (MnO) to diets containing 0.35 (LS) or 0.60% (HS) dietary S, resulting in four treatments from a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Dietary inclusion of MnO was effective during the first 28 d of feeding high S diets, but had no effect beyond 28 d. High dietary S concentrations had a major effect on live performance and carcass characteristics throughout the experiment. This experiment was designed to determine the effect of substituting modified distillers grains with solubles (DGS, 0% or 40%) or soy glycerin (0% or 10%) for steam-flaked corn (SFC; 36.5 lb/bu flake density) in finishing diets on incidence of E. coli O157:H7, performance and carcass characteristics of yearling cattle. in treatments resulting from a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Neither co-product sustained viable E. coli O157:H7 beyond day 14. Iterated ME values of diets containing DGS were 13% lower than those without DGS. At the inclusion levels in this study, soy glycerin had a similar energy value and DGS a lesser energy value than SFC. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of increasing degradable intake protein (DIP) concentrations in finishing diets on feedlot cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Forty-two Angus and Angus-crossbred steers were assigned randomly to one of three dietary treatments (DM basis): 0% (CON), 0.4% (LU), and 0.6% (HU) dietary urea inclusion. Increasing DIP through inclusion of 0.6% urea in finishing diets containing 20% DG resulted in improvements in ADG and Feed:Gain, without affecting carcass characteristics. University of Nebraska Three refereed journal articles were published on utilization of distillers grains and impact on cattle performance. Results were presented on improving protein formulation in diets with distillers grains. In dry-rolled corn based diets it is not necessary to include urea as a degradable protein source when wet or dry distillers grains are included in the diet at 20% or greater. Variation in nutrient content of distillers grains from a large sampling project was published that included 6 ethanol plants (10 samples/d for 5 consecutive d) during 2 separate months. The goal was to characterize nutrient variability within and among plants. For each measured nutrient (DM, fat, S, ash, and NDF), coefficients of variation were provided for both across ethanol plant and within plant variation. As ethanol plants change their production practices (fractionation) the nutrient composition and feeding value changes with each new type of distillers grains. One method results in a byproduct that contains approximately 27% starch, 15% crude protein, and 10.5% ether extract. Results from both growing and finishing studies suggested the energy value was slightly improved compared with the corn grain it replaced, up to 45% of the diet. In the 2012 Nebraska beef report, 14 articles focused on utilization of byproducts. Data were presented with byproducts which included different grain sources (field peas, barley, corn processing methods), condensed distillers solubles, wet beet pulp, and 5 experiments using greater concentrations of byproducts during grain adaptation (replacing traditional forages and a portion of grain). Two experiments were completed to determine the impact of feeding spoiled wet distillers grains to both growing and finishing cattle. Surprisingly, spoilage had little impact on growth performance even when 10 to 20% (DM basis) of the material was visually spoiled and measured as spoilage. There were significant losses of nutrients (and DM); however, it may be okay to just pile wet distillers grains and feed it despite appearance. Additionally, 2 experiments were conducted to determine the impact of using 5% calcium oxide to treat low quality forage. When treated forages replaced 20% of corn grain in diets containing wet distillers grains, performance or carcass quality was not compromised and it appeared to be a cost-effective alternative to feeding grain. The Ohio State University Rumen pH can be altered by treating DDGS with 2% NaOH prior to feeding. This treatment not only reduced the risk of rumen acidosis by increasing rumen pH but it also increased rumen degradation of NDF in diets that contain 60% DDGS. Treating DDGS with 2% NaOH has the potential to reduce PEM risk and may allow for increased dietary inclusion of DDGS without sacrificing feedlot performance. Increasing dietary hay from 7 to 14% did not improve DMI, ADG, G:F, or final BW for cattle fed corn or 60% DDGS-based diets. Cattle fed 60% DDGS had reduced DMI, decreased final BW, and tended to have decreased ADG compared to those fed corn. However, supplementing DDGS-based diets with additional hay tended to improve rumen pH and measures of rumen fiber fermentation. The shift in rumen pH with added hay was not sufficient to alter sulfur metabolism in the rumen. Following an abrupt switch to diets containing 3 levels of S, results indicate it takes at least 29 d to achieve peak H2S production. Purdue University Performance, rumen pH, VFA production, and urine and feces output were determined for cattle fed 60% DDGS diets and either 0, 0.8, 1.6, or 2.4% CaO DM basis. Inclusion of CaO up to 1.6% increased ADG with no effect on DMI. 0.8 and 1.6% CaO delayed rumen pH decline and 2.4% CaO stabilized rumen pH to the greatest extent.Acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentrations were increased linearly (P d 0.05) at pre-feeding and at 3, 6, and 12 h h post-feeding with increasing CaO. Urine pH increased linearly while urine production decreased linearly as CaO inclusion increased. Feeding DDGS to lactating beef cows did not change BW or BCS, but did improve timed AI rates and alter milk composition. As a result, cows bred back sooner and male progeny from cows fed DDGS had a higher ADG which resulted in heavier BW at both termination of the study and at weaning. Feeding DDGS to cows during early lactation could be used as a method to program the neonate for improved long-term growth. Calves are currently in the feedlot and the study in ongoing. South Dakota State University Steam flaked corn based finishing diets were fed to yearling steers in a 138d study. Diets (n=6) contained either 0 or 15% WDGS and either 0, 3, or 6% steep. Including only WDGS increased (P<.05) ADG, DMI, and carcass fatness. Including 3 or 6% steep(without WDGS) resulted in cattle performance comparable to that observed for the no byproducts control diet. The combination of WDGS + steep caused poorer ADG and F/G than feeding WDGS alone. The response to increasing steep in the presence of WDGS was quadratic (P<0.10) with lower ADG and higher F/G being associated with the 3% level of steep inclusion. Utah State University A series of experiments was conducted to investigate the effects of adding an exogenous proteolytic enzyme (EPE) on the growth performance of beef steers fed growing and finishing diets containing 30% dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; Exp. 1), and results corroborated by in vitro ruminal fermentation in continuous cultures (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, 48 Angus crossbred steers were randomly allotted to 12 pens (4 animals per pen) and assigned to 2 treatments (6 pens per treatment) in a completely randomized design: DDGS TMR (DT) without and with EPE (27 mg of azocasein hydrolyzed/min/kg DM TMR). The addition of EPE during the growing phase increased DMI, but had no effects on final BW, BW change, ADG, and G:F. There was a tendency for both ADG and final BW to increase during the finishing phase without affecting BW change and G:F. As opposed to the growing phase, EPE increased digestibility of DM, CP, NDF, and ADF. In Exp. 2, 4 dietary treatments were assessed in continuous cultures; non-DDGS TMR (NDT) or DT finishing beef steer diet was combined without or with EPE in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Feeding the DT increased total VFA concentration which corresponded with a decreased pH compared with the NDT diet regardless of EPE supplementation. Supplementing EPE tended to increase the total VFA concentration in both diets, but only increased digestibility of DM, OM, and NDF when added to the DT diet, leading to tendencies on TMR × enzyme interaction. Addition of the EPE product assessed in this study resulted in positive responses in Exp. 1 and 2 when added to finishing beef steer diets, and thus it is clear that use of protease enzyme products may be more effective in high concentrate diets such as finishing beef steer diets containing DDGS. University of Wisconsin A comparison of corn silage verses chopped hay in finishing diets containing 20 vs. 40% dried distillers grains (DDGS) in replacement of corn was conducted. No overall effects of forage type or inclusion level of DDGS was detected for feedlot performance or carcass traits, except G:F was greater for cattle fed chopped hay verses corn silage as a forage source. Feeding chopped hay verses corn silage in finishing diets containing DDGS may improve feed efficiency and at higher inclusion level of DDGS may result in higher marbling score. Effects of the inclusion of white clover or urea into tall or meadow fescue pastures on animal performance and forage characteristics. Tall Fescue (TF) produced more available forage than Meadow Fescue (MF), which then allowed for a greater carrying capacity for TF. The inclusion of clover decreased available forage in both of the grasses, but did increase CP, IVTD and decreased NDF percentages in the pasture swards. MF had greater ADG than TF but similar gain per acre. Including white clover (WC) into the pastures increased ADG by 0.35 lbs/d. WC also increased gain per acre compared to monoculture pastures. Including white clover in pasture swards increased animal daily gain and total animal gain per acre. Both grasses produced similar gain per acre, but animal performance did differ. Objective 2. To enhance quality and safety of beef through emerging pre-harvest technologies and management strategies. Iowa State University Steers were fed a trace mineral adequate or trace mineral deficient diet for 90 d, during the growing phase, followed by a 20 h shipping period, and then a 90 d finishing phase with a common trace mineral adequate diet, where half of the animals from each diet were injected with Multimin®90, or sterilized saline. Trace mineral content of the diet did not impact steer performance during the growing phase, but trace mineral adequate steers lost less weight per day and recovered feed intake more quickly than mildly trace mineral deficient steers after the shipping period. A multi-element trace mineral injectable improved ADG of mildly trace mineral deficient steers post-shipping. Steers previously on a trace mineral adequate diet had greater marbling scores, and mineral injection increased rib eye area and marbling score. Michigan State University A study is ongoing to evaluate the role the rumen environment has on fecal shedding of STEC organisms. Rumen fluid was collected from 82 animals across five dairy and beef herds. Rumen fluid samples were collected at 2-3 week intervals for a minimum of 3 and a maximum of 5 sample periods. Rumen fluid was used in two assays to measure the growth of STEC organisms. The first assay measures the non-microbial inhibition factors (chemical), whereas the second assay provided an estimate of the growth/inhibition in a rumen fluid as it is collected. Growth of the altered E coli was reduced by 27% in assay 1 and 214% in the in vitro fermentation test (assay 2). The correlation between chemical inhibition and pH, valerate, propionate and isobutyrate were .23, -.20, -.13, and -.14, respectively. The opportunity exists to identify animals with greater ruminal inhibition of E. coli O157:H7. University of Minnesota An experiment was conducted comparing the effects of soy glycerin (0% vs 10% GLY) and corn processing: rolled corn (DRC) vs steam flaked corn (SFC) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 shedding in E. coli O157:H7 inoculated cattle (1011 CFU per calf with a cocktail of four E. coli O157:H7 strains resistant to two specific antibiotics (nalidixic acid and rifampin). No significant differences in E. coli O157:H7 concentrations were found between the treatments. Overall average fecal counts of E. coli O157:H7 decreased over time from 4.5 to less than 1.0 log CFU/g 20 d after inoculation. Results from this experiment indicate that neither soy glycerin inclusion nor corn processing method stimulated the shedding of artificially inoculated of E. coli O157:H7. Therefore, under the conditions of our experiment, we conclude that feeding soy glycerin and processed corn had little impact on the colonization of cattle by E. coli O157:H7. Two surveys were conducted to assess the impact of feeding diets containing Distillers Grains and Solubles (DGS) on the incidence of E. coli O157:H7 in fecal samples removed from pen surfaces (feedlot; n = 1,376) or hides (abattoir; n = 1,211) in Minnesota. Results from feedlot surveillance indicated an overall E. coli O157:H7 prevalence of 9.74% when averaged across the three farm sites. Dietary concentration of DGS (e 20, 17-19.9, d 16.9 DM basis) had no effect on the odds of a positive test occurring. A positive test was 2 times more likely to be found for yearlings than for calves. We observed the highest prevalence for shedding of E. coli O157:H7 in the summer (31.25%) and the lowest prevalence in fall (4.93%). Results from the abattoir surveillance indicated an overall prevalence of 11.23% when averaged across all samples. Distillers grains had no effect on occurrence of positive samples. Results from this study indicate the inclusion of DGS in beef cattle feedlot diets did not affect E. coli O157:H7 prevalence in Minnesota-fed feedlot cattle and at a commercial abattoir. University of Nebraska Two beef reports were published in 2012 on cattle growth that focused on optimizing use of zilpaterol and the influence of condensed distillers solubles on shelf life. When zilpaterol is fed to cattle, USDA quality grade is reduced by approximately 10%. When zilpaterol was fed to cattle sorted by body weight, carcass weights were increased without increasing variation in carcass weight, and allowed for cattle to reach an optimum fat endpoint. This management strategy can help offset some negative carcass quality issues that are commonly reported. Previous research has demonstrated that feeding distillers grains increases oxidation in retail cuts which decreases shelf life. Strip loins were collected from feedlot cattle fed 0, 9, 18, 27, and 36% condensed distillers solubles to determine the impact on retail product shelf life. When feeding condensed distillers solubles, no detrimental effects in shelf life were observed. These data suggest that the unprotected fat in solubles is available to rumen microbes and biohydrogenation of the fat occurs to a greater extent compared to the fat in distillers grains. The Ohio State University Removal of supplemental vitamin A from barley based finishing diets increased marbling without affecting backfat, gains, or animal health. Purdue University Supplemental vitamin D did not improve tenderness in cattle fed 0 or 8.3 mg/kg zilpaterol hydrochloride (Zilmax). Zilmax decreased mRNA expression of MHC-1 and MHC-2a fiber types. 5.0 x 106 IU for 10 d increased mRNA expression of MHC-2a when cattle were not fed Zilmax. Correlation analysis revealed that muscle fiber type, concentration of 1,25-(OH)2 in longissimus muscle, and plasma Ca concentrations at feedlot entry are most correlated with beef tenderness. Ninety steers were allotted to three treatments to evaluate the effects of DCAD on beef tenderness. Treatments were initiated 2 weeks prior to slaughter and consisted of 3 DCAD (mEq/100 g) concentrations: +16, 0, and -16. Urine pH did not differ at the initiation of the study, but did decrease (linear and quadratic) on d 7 and d 14 of the study as DCAD decreased from +16 to 0 to -16, respectively. Carcass characteristics, including tenderness, did not differ among DCAD treatments. Beta-carotene supplementation seems to inhibit expression of enzymes involved in metabolism of beta-carotene and vitamin A, potentially allowing these metabolites to accumulate in muscle, thus altering fatty acid profile and fat deposition. South Dakota State University Steer calves were sorted and managed based on SNP of the leptin gene. Only CC and TT types were used. Both genotypes of steers were grown from 720 to 980 lb on lower (43Mcal NEg) or higher (56Mcal NEg) diets and then finished to a common fat endpoint on a common diet. Grower diets influenced steer performance during the finishing phase. Genotype had no effect on the rate or efficiency of growth. The primary interest was in whether there would be a genotype x growth rate influence on final carcass traits. No interactions were evident. Carcass composition (9-10-11 rib) of a subsample of the population indicated that the TT genotype was associated with greater carcass fatness. However, this was not evident in Yield Grade data for the larger population of steers on this study. Objective 3. To enhance the environmental sustainability of the feedlot industry through N, P, K, and S management by improving nutrient utilization and excreted nutrient conservation. Michigan State University A study was conducted to evaluate the affects of dried distillers grain with soluble (DDGS) on ammonia (NH3) emissions. Twelve Holstein steers were housed in environmentally controlled rooms; 4 steers per dietary treatment. Three dietary treatments were fed; 0% DDGS, 40% DDGS, and 40% DDGS plus 6 ppm molybdenum (Mo) and 60 ppm copper (Cu) added to the diet. The study was divided into phases; phase 1 monitored emissions data for 22 d from the animal and manure (feces and urine mixture) and phase 2 monitored emissions for 4 d while steers were fitted with fecal bags to separate feces from urine. Ammonia emissions across all treatments were reduced from 74.8 mg/g N intake (NI)/d during phase 1 to 11.2 mg/g NI/d during phase 2. Within phase 1, both 40% DDGS diets had significantly greater NH3 emissions at 83.0 mg/g NI/d compared to the control diets at 58.5 mg/g NI/d. The 40% DDGS diet also differed in NH3 emissions from 76.3 mg/g NI/d to 89.7 mg/g NI/d in 40% DDGS plus. A total N balance was calculated from data collected during phase 2. Nitrogen intake increased from 129.8 g/d to 214.1 g/d in both 40% diets. Nitrogen loss from gas (NH3, NO2, and NO-) and feces were similar among treatments; however urine increased from 43.2 g/d to 78.1 g/d in both 40% DDGS diets. Additionally, inclusion of DDGS at 40% increased N retention from 1.6 g/d in the control diets to 49.8 g/d in the 40% DDGS diets. University of Nebraska Three refereed journal publications published in 2011 focused on N losses or greenhouse gas emissions from beef production systems. Four beef reports focused on manure management and nitrogen losses. The impact of greenhouse gas emissions and the Corn-Cattle-Ethanol cycle was evaluated at different distillers grains level and moisture content, nitrogen use efficiency throughout a production system. Feeding wet distillers to feedlot cattle provided the optimum feed use of distillers grains. Partial (modified distillers grains) or complete drying (dried distillers) reduced the feeding value and increased ethanol greenhouse gas emissions relative to wet distillers grains. Six experiments were conducted to evaluate dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) in concentrate diets on urinary pH, feedlot performance, and N mass balance. The goals of these experiments were to determine the extent that urinary pH could be reduced and if the reduced urinary pH would shift more of the N in the manure (urine, feces, and soil) to ammonium and reduce N loss. Feeding low DCAD diets reduced urinary pH but the buffering capacity of soil in open-lot pens neutralized the acidic urine. Manure cleaned from pens in the spring across 2 years was used to determine the effect of aerobically composting or anaerobically stockpiling manure. Organic C and N losses were greater for composted manure compared with stockpiled manure. The proportion of ammonium N was greater for stockpiled manure compared with composted manure. However, when samples from each storage method were dried after the active composting process (>100 d), the additional N loss as ammonia from the stockpiled manure was less compared with the total N loss from composting. Utah State University A 2-year grazing study was conducted to evaluate the effects of finishing beef cattle grazed on tall fescue (TF) pasture with (TF+NF) or without (TFNF) N fertilization on growth performance, ruminal fermentation, and carcass characteristics. In each grazing season, 18 Angus crossbred steers were arranged based on a completely randomized design with repeated measures. In response to N fertilization, greater CP concentration was detected on TF+NF compared with TFNF in 2011. Nitrogen fertilization increased overall ADG of steers grazed TF+NF in 2-year grazing seasons, and tended to increase overall DMI and G:F in 2010. Regardless of N fertilization, ADG was peaked at wk 4 and 8, and then declined until wk 16. Gradually decline of G:F was noticed with progression in grazing seasons. Higher total VFA concentration was detected on steers grazed TF+NF, but minor effect was showed on individual VFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) concentrations and acetate-to-propionate ratio. Ruminal ammonia-N (NH3-N) concentration increased due to N fertilization, while NH3-N:total VFA increased with the progression of grazing seasons. Overall results of this study indicate that N fertilization on TF affected ruminal fermentation which positively influenced growth performances, but did not affect carcass characteristics of grazing beef steers. Objective 4. To enhance the health and production efficiency of feedlot cattle through management strategies and technologies which enhance cattle comfort and wellbeing. University of Illinois Supplemental DDGS to grazing heifers did not decrease fecal egg counts when compared to corn supplementation. However, DDGS supplementation increased heifer performance including ADG, final BW, and PCV when compared to corn supplementation. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of a Tylan® pellet on implant defects and resulting performance in finishing steers. A 2x2 factorial was set up to study the impacts of clean and dirty implanting procedures on cattle implanted with implants containing Tylan® or with regular implants. Tylan® containing implants and clean implanting procedures reduced implant defects and improved performance. University of Nebraska Two reports focused on feeding elevated concentrations of S. Data from 1 experiment confirmed previous research that the source of S (organic vs. inorganic) has an impact on ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration and reduces performance. To determine the risk of sulfur toxicity, ruminal degradable S should be evaluated as well as total dietary S. A meta-analysis of finishing trials was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary S on feedlot health. For a given level of dietary S the relative risk for polioencephalomalacia decreased as forage NDF increased. As rumen degradable S increased in the diet, the incidence increased. Similar to the previous study, determining the concentration of rumen degradable S is a better measure of risk because it accounts for the dietary S that contributes to hydrogen sulfide production. Utah State University We investigated changes in ruminal fermentation when high concentration of Se was administered in mixed ruminal cultures in fermentors. A dual-flow continuous culture system was used in a completely randomized design (n = 4) to test 2 dietary treatments: control (no Se addition) and 50 ppm Se addition. Grass hay (20 g DM/d) containing 0.12 ppm Se was added to the fermentors in 2 equal portions at 0800 and 1700 h. Selenium (sodium selenate) was added to the Se addition treatment by gradually increasing the concentration from 2 to 50 ppm over the 11 d in adaptation period. Total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration averaged 52.2 and 55.5 mM in the control and Se treatment, respectively, and addition of Se did not affect the VFA concentration. Molar proportions of acetate and propionate did not differ due to Se addition, resulting in a similar acetate-to-propionate ratio. However, addition of Se tended to increase ammonia-N concentration. Additionally, Se addition increased methane production. Selenate-respiring microorganisms were detected by the most probable number enumeration technique in 3 of the 4 replications receiving Se. Addition of 50 ppm Se in grass hay of the diet had no negative impacts on ruminal fermentation, as was observed in similar culture pH and VFA concentration. However, addition of Se affected microbial N metabolism by increasing ammonia-N concentration. Overall data in this study suggest that the addition of Se up to 50 ppm would not interfere with in vitro ruminal metabolism by microbiota. Presentations Illinois 1 Iowa 13 Michigan 16 Minnesota 20 Nebraska 12 Ohio State 6 Purdue 2 South Dakota 8 Wisconsin 12

Section C: Publications 2011 Refereed Journal Articles and Book Chapters: Iowa State University Fry, R.S., T.T. Brown Jr, K.E. Lloyd, S.L. Hansen, L.R. Legleiter, W.P. Robarge and J.W. Spears. 2011. Effect of dietary boron on physiological responses in growing steers inoculated with bovine herpesvirus type-1. Res. Vet. Sci. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2010.04.016. Koknaroglu, H., D. Loy, M. Hoffman, A. Trenkle and J. Lawrence. 2011. Integration of pasture systems for cattle finishing programs. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 6 (2):132-154. Pastoor, J. W., D. D. Loy, A. Trenkle, and J. D. Lawrence. 2011. Comparing Fed Cattle Performance in Open lot and bedded confinement feedlot facilities. Professional Animal Scientist (submitted) Pogge, D.J., E. L. Richter, M. E. Drewnoski and S. L. Hansen. 2012. Mineral concentrations of plasma and liver following injection with a trace mineral complex differ among Angus and Simmental cattle. J. Animal. Sci. Papers in press: doi:10.2527/jas.2011-4482. Drewnoski, M.E., S.M. Ensley, D.C. Beitz, D.D. Loy, P.M. Imerman, J.A. Rathje, and S.L. Hansen. 2012. Assessment of ruminal hydrogen sulfide or urine thiosulfate as diagnostic tools for sulfur induced polioencephalomalacia in cattle. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation (accepted). N. J. Schuler, C. J. Bern, D. D. Loy, T. J. Brumm, D. R. Strohbehn. 2012. Mixing beef feed rations containing wet distillers grains. Applied Engineering in Agriculture (submitted) University of Minnesota Marino, C.T., W.G. Otero, P.H.M. Rodrigues, A. DiCostanzo, D.D. Millen, R.L.D. Pacheco, N. DiLorenzo, C.L. Martins, and M.D.B. Arrigoni. 2011. Effects of adding polyclonal antibody preparations on ruminal fermentation patterns and digestibility of cows fed different energy sources. J.Anim. Sci. 89:3228-3235. DiCostanzo, A. and C.L. Wright. 2011. Distillers Grains for Beef Cattle. In: Distillers Grains: Production, Properties and Utilization. (K. Liu and K.A. Rosentrater, editors). AOCS Publishing. 2011. University of Nebraska Bremer, V. R., A. K. Watson, A. J. Liska, G. E. Erickson, K. G. Cassman, K. J. Hanford, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2011. Impact of distillers grains moisture and inclusion level in livestock diets on greenhouse gas emissions in the corn ethanol livestock life cycle. Prof. Anim. Sci. 27:449-455. Buckner, C. D., V. R. Bremer, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, K. J. Vander Pol, K. K. Karges, and M. L. Gibson. 2011. Evaluation of a prefermentation-fractionated by-product corn grain dry milling ethanol process in growing and finishing cattle diets. Prof. Anim. Sci. 27:295-301. Buckner, C. D., M. F. Wilken, J. R. Benton, S. J. Vanness, V. R. Bremer, T. J. Klopfenstein, P. J. Kononoff, and G. E. Erickson. 2011. Nutrient variability for distillers grains plus soluble and dry matter determination of ethanol by-products. Prof. Anim. Scient. 27:57-64. Driskell, Judy A., Young-Nam Kim, David W. Giraud, Fayrene L. Hamouz, Amilton S. de Mello Jr., Galen E. Erickson, and Chris R. Calkins. 2011. Vitamin and mineral content of value cuts from beef steers fed distillers grains. J. Food Comp. Analy. 24:362-367. Jenkins, K. H., K. J. Vander Pol, J. T. Vasconcelos, S. A. Fruman, C. T. Milton, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2011. Effect of degradable intake protein supplementation in finishing diets containing dried distillers grains or wet distillers grains pus solubles on performance and carcass characteristics. Prof. Anim. Sci. 27:312-318. Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. A. Greenquist, and J. R. Benton. 2011. Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on urinary pH, feedlot performance, nitrogen mass balance and manure pH in open feedlot pens. J. Anim. Sci.89:489-500. Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. A. Greenquist, and J. R. Benton. 2011. Composting or stockpiling of feedlot manure in Nebraska: Nutrient concentration and mass balance. Prof. Anim. Scient. 27:83-91. The Ohio State University Relling, A. E., C. K. Reynolds, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Effect of feeding fat or intra-jugular infusion of glucagon-like peptide-1 and cholecystokinin on dry matter intake, digestibility, and digesta rate of passage in growing wethers. J. Anim. Sci. 89:168-178. Pickworth, C. L., S. C. Loerch, S. G. Velleman, J. L. Pate, D. H. Poole, F. L. Fluharty. 2011. Adipogenic differentiation state-specific gene expression as related to bovine carcass adiposity. J. Anim. Sci. 88:355-366. Radunz, A. E., F. L. Fluharty, H. N. Zerby, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Winter feeding systems for gestation sheep: I. Effects on pre- and postpartum ewe performance and lamb progeny preweaning performance. J. Anim. Sci. 89:467-477. Radunz, A. E., F. L. Fluharty, I. Susin, T. L. Felix, H. N. Zerby, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Winter feeding systems for gestation sheep: II. Effects on feedlot performance, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition of lamb progeny. J. Anim. Sci. 89:478-488. Zerby, H. N., J. L. Bard, S. C. Loerch, P. S. Kuber, A. E. Radunz, and F. L. Fluharty. 2011. Effects of diet and Aspergillus oryzae extract or Saccharomyces on growth and carcass characteristics of lambs and steers fed to meet requirements of natural markets. J. Anim. Sci. 89:2257-2264. Rodriguez-Palacios, A., C. Pickworth, S. Loerch, and J. T. LeJeune. 2011. Clostridium difficile in finishing beef cattle: Transient fecal shedding and limited animal-to-animal transmission in a naturally infected feedlot. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 77:3391-3397. Felix, T. L. , A. E. Radunz, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Effects of limit feeding corn or dried distillers grains with solubles at two intakes during the growing phase on the performance of feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 89:2273-2279. Felix, T. L. and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Effects of haylage and monensin supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal metabolism of feedlot cattle fed diets containing 60% dried distillers grains. J. Anim. Sci. 89:2614-2623. Ferreira, E. M., A. V. Pires, I. Susin, C. Q. Mendes, M. A. A. Queiroz, R. C. Araujo, F. S. Urano, G. H. Rodrigues, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Growth performance, carcass characteristics, and eating behavior of feedlot lambs fed high-concentrate diets containing soybean hulls. J. Anim. Sci. 89:4120-4126. Ferreira, E. M., A. V. Pires, I. Susin, C. Q. Mendes, M. A. A. Queiroz, R. C. Araujo, F. S. Urano, G. H. Rodrigues, and S. C. Loerch. 2011. Apparent digestibility, nitrogen balance, and ruminal constituents in ram lambs fed high-concentrate diets containing soybean hulls. J. Anim. Sci. 89:4127-4133. Gibb, D. J., F. H. Herk, P. S. Mir, S. C. Loerch, and T. A. McAllister. 2011. Removal of supplemental vitamin A from barley-based diets improves marbling if feedlot heifers. Canadian J. Anim. Sci. 91:669-674. Purdue University Garmyn, A. J., G. G. Hilton, R. G. Mateescu, J. B. Morgan, J. M. Reecy, R. G. Tait, D. C. Beitz, Q. Duan, M. S. Mayes, J. P. Schoonmaker, and D. L. VanOverbeke. 2011. Estimation of relationships between mineral concentration and fatty acid composition of longissimus muscle and beef palatability traits. J. Anim. Sci. 89:2849-2858. Schoonmaker, J. 2012. Nutrition of Ruminants. (Chapter 6). In: Animal Science and Industry, 8th Edition, Edit. M. Cunningham, M. A. Latour, and D. Acker., Pearson & Prentice Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. Schoonmaker, J. P., and D. C. Beitz. 2012. Hydrogen sulphide: synthesis, physiological roles and pathology associated with feeding cattle maize co-products of the ethanol industry. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. (in press) South Dakota State University Mueller, C. J., H. M. Blalock, and R. H. Pritchard. 2011. Use of soybean hulls as a replacement for dry rolled corn in beef cattle feedlot receiving diets. J. Anim. Sci. 89:3954-3972 Jennings, J.S., A.E. Wertz-Lutz, R.H. Pritchard, A.D. Weaver, D.H. Keisler, and K.W. Bruns. 2011. Circulating ghrelin and leptin concentrations and growth hormone secretagogue receptor abundance in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue of beef cattle exhibiting differences in composition of gain. J. Anim. Sci. 89:3954-3972 Utah State University Noviandi, C. T., R. E. Ward, D. R. ZoBell, R. D. Stott, B. L. Waldron, M. D. Peel, and J.-S. Eun. 2011. Fatty acid composition in adipose tissue of pasture- and feedlot-finished beef steers. Prof. Anim. Sci.28:184193. Vera, J. M., A. H. Smith, D. R. ZoBell, A. J. Young, and J.-S. Eun. 2011. Effects of an exogenous proteolytic enzyme on growth performance of beef steers and in vitro ruminal fermentation in continuous cultures. Prof. Anim. Sci. (manuscript in press) Proceedings and Technical Reports: Iowa State University Hansen, S.L. 2011. Alleviating Sulfur Toxicity- ISU Research Update. Plains Nutrition Council. Michigan State University Rust, Steven R. 2011. "Potential Uses of Algal Products in Agriculture." July. Utah State University Eun, J.-S., B. R. Min, B. J. Min, D. R. ZoBell, and A. J. Young. 2011. Effects of tannin extracts on in vitro growth of pathogenic and ruminal acidosis-causing bacteria. Advances in Animal Biosciences 2:299. Noviandi, C. T., J.-S. Eun, D. R. ZoBell, R. D. Stott, B. L. Waldron, and M. D. Peel. 2011. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers grazing tall fescue without or with nitrogen fertilization. Pages 337-340 in Proceedings, Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, Montana State Univ., Miles City, MT. University of Minnesota Jaderborg, J. P., G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Access time to hay feeder by gestating beef cows affects dry matter intake and hay waste. University of Minnesota Beef Report. BR-1103. Kelzer, J. M., J. M. Popowski, S. Bird, R. B. Cox, G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Effects of including low fat, high protein dried distillers grains in finishing diets on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of steers. University of Minnesota Beef Report. BR-1104. Paulus, D. M., J. P. Jaderborg, C. Belknap, G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Effect of inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in feedlot diets with two different sulfur concentrations. University of Minnesota Beef Report. BR-1105. University of Wisconsin Radunz, A. E. 2011. Dairy Beef Production as an Alternative Enterprise. In: National Dairy Calf and Heifer Conference Proceedings. Abstracts: University of Illinois Pickworth, C.L., T.L. Felix, I. Susin, L.M. Shoup, and S.C. Loerch. 2011. Effects of supplemental dried distillers grains on performance and internal parasites of grazing lambs. Joint Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 89:E-Suppl. 1. Retallick1, K.M., D.B.Faulkner, T.G. Nash, R.L.Botts, N.A. Pyatt, and J.L. Bargen. 2011. Impact of Component TE-S and Component TE-S with Tylan on implant defects and performance in steers implanted under clean and dirty conditions. Plains Nutrition Council, April 2011. Loerch, S.C., F.L. Fluharty, L.A. Morrow, S.A. Metzger, and T.L. Felix. 2012. Effects of dietary sulfur on rumen hydrogen sulfide concentrations over time. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Morrow, L.A., T.L. Felix, F.L. Fluharty, S.A. Metzger, and S.C. Loerch. 2012. Effects of hay supplementation in corn and dried distillers grains based diets on performance and rumen metabolism in feedlot cattle. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Retallick1, K.M., D.B.Faulkner, T.G. Nash, R.L.Botts, N.A. Pyatt, and J.L. Bargen. 2012. Impact of Component TE-S and Component TE-S with Tylan on implant defects and performance in steers implanted under clean and dirty conditions. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Welker, L.R., T.L. Felix, F.A. Ireland, and D.B. Faulkner. 2012. Effects of supplemented dried distillers grains versus corn on internal parasites and performance in growing beef heifers. Sect. Mtg. Abstracts. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Wilson, T.B, D. W. Shike, D. B. Faulkner, T. G. Nash, and N. Post. Influence of prepartum diet type on cow performance and subsequent calf performance. 2012. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Wilson, T.B., D. W. Shike, D. B. Faulkner, A. R. Schroeder, T. G. Nash, and F. A. Ireland. Effects of prepartum distillers grains supplementation on subsequent steer feedlot performance. 2012. J. Anim. Sci. 90: E-Suppl. 2. Iowa State University Drewnoski, M.E., P. Doane, and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Ferric citrate decreases ruminal hydrogen sulfide production in feedlot cattle fed diets high in sulfate. Late Breaking Abstract. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 1) 89:iii. Pogge, D.J. and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Effect of supplemental vitamin C on performance and antioxidant capacity of cattle fed varying concentrations of dietary sulfur. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 1) 89:259. Drewnoski, M.E. and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Effect of delaying the feeding of high sulfur diets to feedlot cattle until after adaptation to a finishing diet. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 1) 89:451. Drewnoski, M.E., D.C Beitz, D.D. Loy, S.M. Ensley and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Factors affecting ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration of cattle. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 2) 89:149. Morine, S.J., M.E. Drewnoski and S.L. Hansen. 2011. Effects of corn addition to fiber- based supplements on growing cattle performance and forage digestion. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 2) 89:163. *Undergraduate Poster Competition Paper-1st place Richter, E.L., M.E. Drewnoski, C.J. Ziemer and S.L. Hansen. 2011. High dietary sulfur modifies volatile fatty acid profiles and increases hydrogen sulfide gas production. J. Anim. Sci.(Suppl. 2) 89:150. Russell, J. R., D. D. Loy, and M. Cecava. 2011. Potential of calcium oxide-treated corn stover and modified distillers grains as a partial replacement for corn grain in feedlot diets. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 89:362, E-Suppl. 1 (Abstr. T291). Taylor, J. F., J.E. Beever, S.C. Fahrenkrug, D.B. Faulkner, H.C. Freetly, D.J. Garrick, K.A. Johnson, S.L. Hansen, M.S. Kerley, D.D. Loy, H.L. Neibergs, E.J. Pollak, D. Pomp, C.M. Seabury, R.D. Schnabel, D.W. Shike, T.S. Sonstegard, M.L. Spangler, J.R. Tait, R.L. Weaber. 2011. US consortium for the genetic improvement of feed efficiency in beef cattle. International WorkshopBovine Genetics Contributions to the Future of Livestock. INRA (France). Oct. 2011. Michigan State University Venegas, C, R. Mosci, L. Ouellete, A. Khare, P. Singh, S.R. Rust, P. Bartlett, D. Grooms, and S. Manning. 2011. . Prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) genes by multiplex PCR in cattle and their environment, Michigan 2011. [Abstract] CRWAD. Cross, L. D., Rust, Steven R., Powers, Wendy J. 2011. Effects of distillers grain with soluble and supplemental copper and molybdenum on ammonia emissions and nitrogen retention. J. Anim. Sci. 90(Suppl. 3):Abstract 121. University of Minnesota Fink, R.C., J.M. Popowski, J.P. Jaderborg, D.M. Paulus, K.M. McClelland, J.L. Dahlberg, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, R.B. Cox, and F. Diez-Gonzalez. 2011. The prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle fed distillers grains and harvested through a commercial abattoir in Minnesota. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):147 (Abstract 305). Jaderborg, J., G. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Access time to hay feeder by gestating beef cows affects dry matter intake and hay waste. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E- Suppl. 2):151 (Abstract 318). Ruiz-Moreno, M., E. Seitz, G. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and M.D. Stern. 2011. In vitro effect of starch and sulfur on rumen gas production and hydrogen sulfide release. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):150 (Abstract 312). Kelzer, J.M., J.M. Popowski, S. Bird, R. Cox, G.I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Effects of including low fat dried distillers grains in finishing diets on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):78 (Abstract 104). McClelland, K.M., J. P. Jaderborg, D. M. Paulus, J. M. Popowski, G. I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and R. B. Cox. 2011. Effect of Modified Distillers Grains with Solubles and Crude Glycerin Inclusion in Beef Cattle Finishing Diets on Shear Force and Moisture Loss of Beef Strip Steaks. AMSA 64th Reciprocal Meats Conference Manhattan, KS. June 20-22, 2011. Abstract no. 47822. McClelland, K.M., J. P. Jaderborg, D. M. Paulus, J. M. Popowski, G. I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and R. B. Cox. 2011. Effect of Modified Distillers Grains with Solubles and Crude Glycerin Inclusion in Beef Cattle Finishing Diets on Shelf Life and Sensory Characteristics of Beef Strip Steaks and Ground Beef. AMSA 64th Reciprocal Meats Conference Manhattan, KS. June 20-22, 2011. Abstract no. 47824 Paulus, D.M., J.P. Jaderborg, C. Belknap, G.I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2011. Effects of inclusion of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in feedlot diets with two different sulfur concentrations. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):75 (Abstract 96). Popowski, J.M., R.C. Fink, J.P. Jaderborg, D.M. Paulus, K.M. McClelland, J.L. Dahlberg, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, R.B. Cox, and F. Diez-Gonzalez. 2011. Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle fed distillers grains Minnesota feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):147 (Abstract 304). Popowski, J.M., J. M. Kelzer, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, R. B. Cox. 2011. Effect of High Protein Dried Distillers Grains Used in Beef Finishing Diets on Carcass Characteristics, Shear Force, and Moisture Loss of Beef. AMSA 64th Reciprocal Meats Conference Manhattan, KS. June 20-22, 2011. Abstract no. 47846 Popowski J.M., J. M. Kelzer, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, R. B. Cox. 2011. Effect of High Protein Dried Distillers Grains Used in Beef Finishing Diets on Fatty Acid Profile, and Retail Shelf Life in Fresh and Further Processed Products. AMSA 64th Reciprocal Meats Conference Manhattan, KS. June 20-22, 2011. Abstract no. 47842 Popowski, J.M., J.M. Kelzer, G.I. Crawford, A. DiCostanzo, and R.B. Cox. 2011. Effect of low fat dried distillers grains on consumer sensory characteristics on Longissimus strip steaks and cooked sausage. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 2):93 (Abstract 149). Purdue University Gunn, P. J., J. P. Schoonmaker, R. P. Lemenager, and G. A. Bridges. 2011. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating heifers: Impact on calving and pre-weaning progeny performance. J. Anim Sci 89(E-Suppl 1):627. Gunn, P. J., J. P. Schoonmaker, R. P. Lemenager, and G. A. Bridges. 2011. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating heifers: Impact on milk production, composition, and fatty acid profile. J. Anim Sci 89(E-Suppl 1):627. Gunn, P.J., J. P. Schoonmaker, R. P. Lemenager, and G. A. Bridges. 2011. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating heifers: Impact on ovarian function and reproductive efficiency. J. Anim Sci 89(E-Suppl 1):729. Schoonmaker, J. P., M. C. Claeys, and R. P. Lemenager. 2012. Effect of increasing distillers grains inclusion on performance and carcass characteristics of early- weaned steers. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Supplement 2):124. Condron, K.N., R. P. Lemenager, M. C. Claeys, and J. P. Schoonmaker. 2012. Effect of ²-carotene supplementation on plasma vitamin A, growth, performance, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Supplement 2):80. Shee, C.N., R. P. Lemenager, M. C. Claeys, and J. P. Schoonmaker*. 2012. Effect of feeding distillers dried grains with solubles during lactation on cow performance, milk composition and pre-weaning progeny performance. J. Anim. Sci. 90 (Supplement 2):42. South Dakota State University Holland, B.P., E.R. Loe, and R.H. Pritchard. 2011. Cattle performance comparison in three feedlot facility designs in South Dakota. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):501 Pritchard, R.H. 2011. Cow size and keeping perspective. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):161 Winterholler, S.J., N.L. Hojer, R.H. Pritchard, and K. VanderWal. 2011. The influence of glycerol supplementation during late gestation on beef cow performance and dietary digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):360 Utah State University Min, B. J., B. R. Min, J. M. Sieg, J.-S. Eun, D. R. ZoBell, and D. C. Tice. 2011. Effects of tannin extracts on in vitro growth of selected food-borne pathogenic bacteria. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):136. (Abstr.) Eun, J.-S., B. R. Min, J. M. Sieg, D. R. ZoBell, and A. J. Young. 2011. Tannin extracts decrease in vitro growth of ruminal acidosis-causing bacteria in pure culture. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):136. (Abstr.) Vera, J. M.a, C. T. Noviandi, A.-H. Smith, D. R. ZoBell, and J.-S. Eun. 2011. Effects of supplementing an exogenous proteolytic enzyme on growth performance in finishing beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):612. (Abstr.) Vera, J. M., T. Astuti, A.-H. Smith, D. R. ZoBell, and J.-S. Eun. 2011. Effects of supplementing an exogenous proteolytic enzyme in beef finishing diets on ruminal fermentation in continuous cultures. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):612. (Abstr.) Noviandi, C. T., R. E. Ward, J.-S. Eun, D. R. ZoBell, R. D. Stott, T. Astuti, B. L. Waldron, and M. D. Peel. 2011. Fatty acid profiles in adipose tissue of grazing and feedlot beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):617. (Abstr.) University of Wisconsin Burgett, R.L., D. M. Schaefer, and A. E. Radunz. 2011. Effects of forage type and inclusion level of dried distillers grains plus solubles on feedlot cattle performance and carcass characteristics. Midwest ASAS-ADSA Meetings Schaefer, M.R., A. E. Radunz, and D. M. Schaefer. 2011. Economic and feedlot responses to the addition of current technologies in yearling cattle. Midwest ASAS-ADSA Meetings Experiment Station Publications: Iowa State University IBC 46. Drewnoski, M.E., S.L. Hansen, D.D. Loy. 2011. How much distillers can I include in my feedlot diet? A Factsheet about managing risk of sulfur toxicity when feeding high levels of distillers grains in feedlot cattle diets. AS Leaflet-R2683 The Feeding Value of Heat Damaged Soybeans in Cattle Diets (Authors: Garland Dahlke, Mary Drewnoski) AS Leaflet-R2688 Revalidation of a REA, IMF and BF Projection Model Using Real-time Ultrasound Imaging and Feeding Data in Cattle (Authors: Garland Dahlke) AS Leaflet-R2689 Effect of Vitamin C on Performance and Antioxidant Capacity of Cattle Fed Varying Concentrations of Dietary Sulfur (Authors: Danielle Pogge, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2693 Investigation of the Impact of Mineral Status and Use of an Injectable Mineral on Beef Cattle Performance (Authors: Olivia Genther, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2694 Effect of Delaying the Feeding of High Sulfur Until After Adaptation to a Finishing Diet (Authors: Mary Drewnoski, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2695 Determining the Influence of Dietary Roughage Concentration and Source on Rumen Parameters related to Sulfur Toxicity (Authors: Sara Morine, Mary Drewnoski, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2696 Effects of Dietary Sulfur Source on Rumen pH and Hydrogen Sulfide Gas Concentration (Authors: Carmen Brasche, Mary Drewnoski, Stephanie Hansen) AS Leaflet-R2697 Effects of Stocking Density on Steer Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Bedded Hoop Barns (Authors: Mark Honeyman, Dallas Maxwell, Darrell Busby, Shawn Shouse) University of Nebraska Dib, M. G., J. O. Sarturi, K. M. Rolfe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. Lindquist. 2012. Feeding modified distillers grains with solubles and wet corn gluten feed (Synergy) to adapt cattle to finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:94-95. Doerr, A. J., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, J. R. Benton, and M. J. Rincker. 2012. Effect on performance and nutrient mass balance of feeding micro-aid in wet distillers grains plus solubles diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:98-100. Harding, J. L., J. E. Cornelius, K. M. Rolfe, A. L. Shreck, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Effect of storage method on nutrient composition and dry matter loss of wet distillers grains. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:58-60. Harding, J. L., K. M. Rolfe, C. J. Schneider, B. L. Nuttelman, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Spoilage of wet distillers grains plus solubles and feed value. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:61-63. Hussey, E. M., G. E. Erickson, R. E. Peterson, L. O. Burciaga-Robles. 2012. Effects of barley diets with distillers grains plus solubles on feedlot performance and N and P balance. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:101-103. Hussey, E. M., G. E. Erickson, B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, and K. J. Vander Pol. 2012. Impact of sorting prior to feeding zilpaterol hydrochloride on feedlot steers. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:115-118. Nichols, C. A., K. H. Jenkins, G. E. Erickson, M. K. Luebbe, S. A. Furman, B. L. Sorensen, K. J. Hanford, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Wet distillers grains and ratios of steam-flaked and dry-rolled corn. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:70-72. Nichols, C. A., M. K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, G. E. Erickson, S. A. Furman, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Effect of corn processing on feedlot steers fed sugarbeet pulp. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:73-74. Nichols, C. A., V. R. Bremer, A. K. Watson, C. D. Buckner, J. L. Harding, D. R. Smith, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Meta-analysis of the effect of dietary sulfur on feedlot health. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:82-84. Pesta, A. C., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Increasing levels of condensed distillers solubles and finishing performance. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:64-65. Pesta, A. C., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Feeding condensed distillers solubles in finishing diets containing WDGS or synergy. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:66-67. Pesta, A. C., A. L. Shreck, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Metabolism of finishing diets containing condensed distillers solubles and WDGS. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:68-69. Pesta, A. C., S. A. Furman, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, and K. H. Jenkins. 2012. Feeding field peas in finishing diets containing wet distillers grains plus solubles. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:77-78. Rolfe, K. M., W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, D. R. Mark, G. E. Erickson, and D. E. Bauer. 2012. Grazing supplementation and subsequent feedlot sorting of yearling cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:112-114. Sarturi, J. O., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, K. M. Rolfe, C. D. Buckner, and M. K. Luebbe. 2012. Ruminal degradable sulfur and hydrogen sulfide in cattle finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:79-81. Schneider, C. J., B. L. Nuttelman, K. M. Rolfe, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Complete-feed diet RAMP in grain adaptation programs. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:85-86. Schneider, C. J., B. L. Nuttelman, K. M. Rolfe, W. A. Griffin, D. R. Smith, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Use of complete-feed diets RAMP and test starter for receiving cattle. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:87-88. Schneider, C. J., A. L. Shreck, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Effects of RAMP on feed intake and ruminal pH during adaptation to finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:89-90. Schneider, C. J., M. K. Luebbe, K. H. Jenkins, S. A. Furman, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2012. Using beef pulp to adapt cattle to finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:96-97. Shreck, A. L., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. J. Cecava. 2012. Chemical treatment of low-quality forages to replace corn in cattle finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:106-107. Shreck, A. L., B. L. Nuttelman, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and M. J. Cecava. 2012. Reducing particle size enhances chemical treatment in finishing diets. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:108-109. Varnold, K. A., C. R. Calkins, A. L. Haack, J. E. Hergenreder, S. Pokharel, L. S. Senaratne, A. C. Pesta, and G. E. Erickson. 2012. Condensed distillers solubles and beef shelf life. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:119-121. Watson, A. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, R. K. Koelsch, R. E. Massey, and J. H. Harrison. 2012. Feedlot manure utilization as influenced by application scheme and diet. Neb. Beef Cattle Rep. MP95:104-105. Section D. Extension/Outreach Activities Publications including Trade Publications and Newsletters: University of Illinois Felix, Tara and Steve Loerch. Reducing sulfide toxicosis key. Feedstuffs. June 20, 2011. Iowa State University Loy, Dan. 2011. Dietary sulfur recommendations are changing. January 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter. Loy, Dan. 2011. Why beef research? February 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan. 2011. People, cattle, land and water. March 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan and Mary Drewnoski. 2011. Grass tetanyan ounce of prevention. April Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter. Loy, Dan. 2011. Optimism in May. May 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan. 2011. Is it time to reconsider corn silage? June 2011 Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Loy, Dan. 2011. Measuring and managing costs. August 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan. 2011. Fall is time for change. September 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan. 2011. From one extreme to another. October 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy, Dan. 2011. Managing Feed Costs. Iowa Cattleman. October 2011. Loy, Dan 2011. Making the most of weaning. October 2011 Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter. Loy, Dan. 2011. Should Iowa cattlemen feed the world? November 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter Loy Dan. 2011. Time for learning. December 2011 Iowa Cattleman and Iowa Beef Center Growing Beef Newsletter. Michigan State University Rust, S. R. 2011. Feeding beta-agonists to beef cattle and their impact on profitability. The Michigan Cattleman 26(4), 1st Quarter/Winter, 16-17. Rust, S. R., D. Grooms, and J.R. Black. 2011. What can I do to improve my net returns with high corn prices?. The Michigan Cattleman 26(3), 4th Quarter/Autumn, 16-17. Rust, S. R. 2011. What can I afford to pay for feeder cattle during 2011-2012?. Cattle Trader Center, December 6. www.cattletradercenter.com/news/industry-headlines/What can I afford to pay for feeder cattle during 2011-2012? Black, J. R. and S.R. Rust. 2011. "Guidelines for Pricing Corn Silage and Earlage from Immature Corn." 4th Quarter/Autumn. beefteam.msu.edu. Gould, K and S.R. Rust. 2011. "Ration formulation with distiller grains with solubles." August 4. beefteam@msu.edu. Rust, S R., and J.R Black. 2011. "What can I afford to pay for feeder cattle during 2011-2012?." Merck Animal Health, August 4. www.beefteam.msu.edu. Rust, S R., and J.H. Hilker. 2011. "Why are Michigan farms getting bigger?." August 4, 2011. University of Minnesota Look at various factors when considering feedlot facility expansion. Minnesota Farm Guide. November 2011. Grazing cornstalk residue after harvest an option for cows and calves. Rock County Ag Newsletter. October 2011. Nutrition and management for newly received cattle. Minnesota Farm Guide. September 2011. Co-authored with Alfredo DiCostanzo. Management and awareness of feed shrink as important as ever when feeding cattle. Rock County Ag Newsletter. September 2011. Consider harvesting corn earlage for cattle feed this fall. Minnesota Farm Guide. August 2011. Consider harvesting earlage for cattle feed this fall. Rock County Ag Newsletter. August 2011. Stretch cattle feeding dollar to compensate for high feed prices. Tri-State Neighbor. August 2011. Incorporating alternative feedstuffs into beef feedlot rations. Minnesota Farm Guide. July 2011. The next generation of distillers grains. Progressive Cattlemen Magazine. May 2011. Co-authored with Mark Corrigan. New developments in the management of sulfur in beef cattle feedlot diets. Minnesota Farm Guide. April 2011. The Ohio State University OSU Beef Team Newsletter (weekly) University of Wisconsin Radunz, A. E. 2011. Feedlot Cost of Gain Assessment. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinic Proceedings. http://fyi.uwex.edu/wbic/resources/feedlot/ Halfman, B., and A. E. Radunz. 2011. Considerations for Implant Strategies. UW Extension Cattle Feeder Clinic Proceedings. http://fyi.uwex.edu/wbic/resources/feedlot/ Website: Wisconsin Beef Information Center (http://fyi.uwex.edu/wbic/) articles: " A. Radunz and B. Halfman. 2011 Fall Feedlot Projections 10.3.11 " A. Radunz. 5 Tips to Reduce Heat Stress in Cattle. 7.21.11 " A. Radunz. Use of Beta Agonists in Beef Cattle. 3.4.11 Courses or Conferences Organized: University of Illinois Adding value to southern Illinois beef and improving marketing options, April 2011  Benton, IL Dudley Smith Summer Field Day, June 2011 - Pana, IL Orr Beef Research Center Field Day, August 2011 - Perry, IL Beef Day at DSAC, August 2011 - Simpson, IL Dudley Smith Fall Field Day, November 2011 - Pana, IL Heart of America Grazing Conference, January 2012 - Mt. Vernon, IL Fulton Co. Beef Day, January 2012 - Lewistown, IL Northern IL Cow-Calf Conference, February 2012 - Kewanee, IL Central IL Cow-Calf Conference, February 2012 - Springfield, IL IL Cattle Feeders Meeting, March 2012 - Dixon, IL Cattle breeding and synchronization workshop, March 2012 - Simpson, IL Iowa State University Heifer Development Clinics, Winter/Spring 2012 Michigan State University Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse University of Nebraska Nebraska Feedlot Roundtable, February 8-10 Feedlot School, June 29, August 15, August 18 Husker Nutrition Conference, October 28 The Ohio State University OSU Beef Team Feedlot cattle short course (Jan and Feb, 2012). Purdue University Purdue Workshop for Youth, Beef section, June 2011. Utah State University Utah Beef Cattle Field Day, January, 2012 University of Wisconsin Wisconsin Cattle Feeder Clinics, January 2012 held in 10 locations throughout Wisconsin. Steer to Steak Workshop. Feb. 2012 held at UW- Madison campus.