Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Meeting was called to order by Dahlia Jackson-OBrien at 9:09 AM. Self-introductions were made and guests in attendance were as follows: Olga Bolden-Tiller, (obtiller@tuskegee.edu)  Tuskegee University; Steven Jones, (sjones@uaex.edu)  University of Arkansas Extension; Marion Simon, (marion.simon@kysu.edu) - Kentucky State University; Will Getz, (getzw@fvsu.edu) - Fort Valley State University; Nar Gurung (ngurung@mytu.tuskegee.edu)  Tuskegee University; Ralph Noble, (rcnoble@ag.ncat.edu) North Carolina A&T State University; and David Fernandez (dfernandez@uaex.edu) - University of Arkansas. Dahlia Jackson-OBrien was accompanied by graduate student Kwame Matthews. Members not in attendance were noted. Robert Godfrey discussed the coordinating committee and deadline for renewal proposal submission. The deadline is July 1st, 2012. Dr. Godfrey also explained that SCC-81 will be changed and a new number will be assigned. He described the procedure for requesting a renewed coordinating committee, proposal format and steps and responsibilities from the decision to renew to final approval. These were supplemented with handouts. Dr. Godfrey also described the difference between a coordinating committee and a full-blown project (Multi-state) with the main difference being the elaborate, concrete collaboration in a full-blown project. In addition, full-blown projects could get travel funds and there could be non-institution/NGO involvement. There was discussion on this and it was decided that the group would remain a coordinating committee since the group had been doing well so far. Dahlia Jackson-OBrien asked about participants and repercussions of failing to submit annual reports. There were a few participants that failed to submit reports 2 years in a row. Dr. Godfrey suggested that these institutions could contacted if there is a failure to submit 2 years in a row to ascertain the problem and if not addressed, that participant could be removed from the list of official participants. Joan Burke indicated that Mike Brown had retired and therefore did not submit a report. Adele Turzillo (USDA NIFA representative) participated via conference call. She talked about the change in directorship of NIFA and that Dr. Chavonda Jacobs-Young was now the acting Director of NIFA. Adele Turzillo went over NIFAs budget for FY2012 and Dr. Jackson-OBrien distributed handouts that were forwarded to the group which showed a slight decrease in total, discretionary and mandatory funding. Adele Turzillo then proceeded to discuss NIFAs competitive programs, eligibility, success rates and deadlines. She also indicated that indirect cost rates had been increased from 22% to a maximum of 30% of total costs. Adele Turzillo also discussed the joint NIH-NIFA program for grants for research relevant to livestock and humans  Mark Mirando is the NIFA program contact on this effort. She also explained that NIFA has released a funding opportunity partnering with NSF, NIH and the U.K. Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council titled Ecology and Evolution of Infectious Diseases. Solicitation website was provided and Adele indicated that the application submission deadline would be the first Wednesday in December of each year. In addition, the group was informed that NIFA and ARS held a joint 5-year stakeholder workshop in 2011 and a summary of the workshop was available on-line (website provided in handout). Finally, Adele Turzillo provided an update on NIFAs personnel as well as the National Program Leaders and Program Specialists. Will Getz from Fort Valley State University gave an update on ASI. He indicated that ASI hosts the Sheep and Goat Research Journal for applied practical research articles (www.sheepusa.org). Keith Inskeep is the Editor. Dr. Getz also mentioned that ASI has launched a rebuilding the inventory effort (2+2+2 plan). Essentially, this plan aims to increase sheep inventory by 350,000 by the following: each producer increase their inventory by 2 for every 50 ewes, increase the number of lambs born to 2/ewe and finally to increase the off take of lambs by 2%. ASI has also set aside money for each state to pay modest amounts for mentors to help new producers. Lastly, Dr. Getz informed the group that the American Goat Federation (AGF) was growing and becoming more operational. Steve Jones from the University of Arkansas Extension reported on some of his activities since he started in a small ruminant position slightly over 2 years now. This included educational programs conducted (including FAMACHA training, Field days, Producer short courses, Tool Box for Educators and an electronic newsletter) and on-farm demonstrations (including alternative forages, grazing management and alternative fencing). Business Meeting and discussion about the 2012 new project: Dahlia Jackson-OBrien asked the group if they had heard anything from Langston University and if Steve Hart would be able to attend the 2013 Meeting since he will be Chair. There was group discussion on what steps should be taken if the Chair cannot make the meetings. It was decided that a replacement could be found to chair the meeting but that the SCC-81 Chair would still be responsible for requesting annual reports, organizing and printing the proceedings. Susan Schoenian was nominated and elected the next Secretary/Chair elect. This was followed by a discussion on the proposal renewal and suggestions of additional objectives. It was suggested that nutrition and carcass evaluation and reproduction be included in the objectives of the new proposal. It was also suggested that those topics were relevant to sustainable agriculture and that they could fit under other objectives. There was concern about trying to fit everything and losing the true purpose of the group. Dahlia Jackson-OBrien mentioned the comments from the previous years discussion and the suggestion that low-input (and perhaps forage-based) be dropped from objective 3 and Production systems common in the southeastern USA be left it. Again, it was decided not to add objectives, but to create subcommittees that would work on each objective to make it more inclusive if possible but not to stray away from original intent. The following individuals volunteered (or were volunteered) to serve on sub-committees to review our current objectives for any changes: Objective 1: Jim Miller, Joan Burke, Nada Nadarajah and Scott Bowdridge Objective 2: Tom Terrill, Kenneth Andries, Sandra Solaiman and Jean-Marie Luginbuhl Objective 3: Stephan Wildeus, Olga Bolden-Tiller, and Kenneth Andries Objective 4: Susan Schoenian, Dahlia OBrien, Niki Whitley and Nelson Escobar In addition, a writing committee was appointed on a volunteer basis and includes: dahlia Jackson-OBrien, Joan Burke, and Stephan Wildeus. Dahlia O-Brien will coordinate with the subcommittee members to make sure that they are making progress and submit the proposal on time to Robert Godfrey no later than 1 week before July 1st, 2012. Meeting adjourned at 4:20PM

Station Reports from attending members: (See proceedings for details and for reports from members who did not attend the meeting) One representative per station reported for all station objectives. Objective 1: Develop integrated GIN control methods that decrease reliance on chemical dewormers through the use of selective deworming (FAMACHA system), better forage management and grazing options and breed or animal selection for nematode resistance or resilience. Nada Nadarajah, Auburn University; Dahlia Jackson-OBrien, Delaware State University; Marion Simon, Kentucky State University; Niki Whitley, North Carolina A&T State University; James Miller, Louisiana State University AgCenter; Sandra Solaiman, Tuskegee University; Joan Burke, USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center; Nelson Escobar, University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Scott Bowdridge, West Virginia University. Objective 2: Develop a forage-based feeding system for year-round grazing that meets nutritional requirements by evaluating performance of forage (legumes, grass and browse) varieties and/or forage systems and animal performance. Dahlia Jackson-OBrien, Delaware State University; Sandra Solaiman, Tuskegee University; Scott Bowdridge, West Virginia University. Objective 3: Evaluate the production potential of pure- and crossbred sheep and goat germplasm under low-input, forage-based production systems in the Southeastern US. Sandra Solaiman, Tuskegee University Objective 4: Disseminate research results and information to producers through station field days, workshops and websites. Nada Nadarajah, Auburn University; Dahlia Jackson-OBrien, Delaware State University; Marion Simon, Kentucky State University; James Miller, Louisiana State University AgCenter; Niki Whitley, North Carolina A&T State University; Sandra Solaiman, Tuskegee University; Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland; Joan Burke, USDA-ARS, Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center; Scott Bowdridge, West Virginia University. 1. Auburn University: The relatively small sample size of data currently available through our collaboration should allow us to continue our effort to lead further investigation of the prevalence of GIP in goat population and to understand the relationships with different level of resistance to GIP and production traits that would help the meat goat industry. From a selection point of view, the aim is to identify those individuals that could withstand and exhibit resistance or resilience to allow goats to maintain optimum levels of production. Thus, study of underlying genetic variations in meat goats for resistance to GIP and to understand the relationships between growth performance and parasite resistance of individual animals should help for developing a strategy to select animals for future breeding to benefit the meat goat industry. Meat goat industry is one of the fast growing small farm enterprise in the Southeastern U.S. Meat goat producers and youths in clubs (4-H and FAA programs) are looking for educational and extension support to improve their understanding and production systems of small ruminants. 2. Delaware State University: Pumpkin seed oil was not effective in controlling internal parasites in Katahdin lambs. However, due to increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance, more research needs to be conducted on natural plant products that could aid in controlling internal parasites in small ruminants. Pumpkin seed oil was not effective in controlling internal parasites in Boer crossbred meat goat kids. However, due to increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance, more research needs to be conducted on natural plant products that could aid in controlling internal parasites in small ruminants. With increasing levels of anthelmintic resistance, it is of vital importance to evaluate how the natural resistance in breeds of goats can be taken advantage of in order to sustain the small ruminant industry. Over 80 producers were in attendance 3. Kentucky State University: Producers are seeing increased production and productivity by their animals through the increased use of records and better selection practices. They are also reducing input cost by decreasing their use of supplemental feeding through better forage management and utilization of different forages during the grazing seasons. 4. Louisiana State University: Copper treatment in the form of COWP appears to be preferable to CS for controlling infection over a summer grazing season in lambs. Both Cu formulations appeared to be safe as used under the conditions of this study. 5. North Carolina A&T State University: This data indicates that although fecal egg counts were decreased by sericea lespedeza pellets, worm numbers were not influenced by this treatment. Preliminary evidence (with five worms from two animals/treatment) indicates that sericea lespedeza may have had some impact on worm morphology. With this training, agents are better able to provide integrated parasite control methods to producers, including FAMACHA© training. Two agents involved with the training provided success stories indicating that producers they trained were saving animals and thus saving money. 6. North Carolina State University: Utilization and management of forages by goat producers is increasing, and resulting in a more sustainable industry. 7. Tuskegee University: Feeding PB tended to improve gain efficiency and reduced fecal egg count especially coccidia counts in goats. This information will enable us to design and implement parasite control schemes in such a way as to minimize the development of resistance and maintain the useful life of the currently available drugs. These results indicated that legume forage combinations could be beneficial to growing goats and provide sufficient nutrients for goats to maintain optimum weight gain and carcass production as well as minimize parasites infection rate in grazing animals. Forage biomass production and animal performance was lower for RW pastures as compared to others. These preliminary results indicate that it is advantageous to utilize the smaller body sized Kiko breeds as dam lines with Boers as terminal sires in crossbreeding programs under southeast Alabama semi-intensive production system, where natural pasture is the major resource for production. These results suggest neither scrotal measurement nor body conformation data on Boer and Kiko bucks may be used with confidence to predict semen output during routine screening of breeding sires. Identification of species specific sequence for testicular genes can be utilized to construct high-throughput tools, such as microarrays, in goats. Results indicate that 1) majority of the producers are small-scale, pasture-based, meat goat producers, 2) these producers improved their farm and production practices after attending MGPCTP, and 3) there are still many problems producers are facing, and they need further training to solve these problems. Participants inputs and suggestions will be incorporated to improve the extension education programs in the coming years. It is recommended that research and Extension/outreach personnel develop production practices to further lower costs and/or increase production so as to increase sales and profits. The Tuskegee University Goat Day remains the flagship technology transfer events for meat goat producers in the state of Alabama and beyond. 8. University of Maryland Extension: At an annual Lambing & Kidding School, 100 percent of participants indicated that they used the internet. In one survey, 90 percent of respondents found information that saved them money or increased their profitability. Most of the Maryland web sites rank high in relevant Google keyword searches. University of Maryland Eastern Shore: In this experiment, pumpkin seeds did not reduce gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg counts in goats, as expected. Further studies are planned with modifications regarding age of the goats, number of experimental animals and pumpkin seed concentration in the pelletized diet. Published studies have shown that pumpkin seeds reduce FEC as an alternative to commercial anthelmintics. 9. USDA_ARS Dale Bumpers Small Farm Research Center: Dissemination of research results has led to increased options for parasite control and availability of resistant genetics, which increases the sustainability of sheep and goat producers using conventional and organic production systems. 10. Virginia State University: Survey results indicate widespread presence of resistance in mid-Atlantic alpaca herds to a variety of anthelmintics. Together with indications that Haemonchus contortus infection have resulted in the death, there may be a need to re-evaluate deworming practices for alpacas. Results support observational information at our location in regard to species differences in parasite tolerance, and confirm previous findings regarding the parasite tolerance of St. Croix sheep. Data indicates that ADG and feed efficiency improved with inclusion of soyhull at 2 to 3% in rations for hair sheep lambs adapted to utilizing forage-based diets, and may be a useful alternative to corn in this setting. Rumen by-pass fed supplementation reduced the protein and lactose, but had no effect on the fat component of milk in this study, the latter in contrast to observation in dairy sheep. Differences in total milk production may account for some of these observations, but was not evaluated in this study. 11. Virginia Tech: The use of goats in grazing management of weed infested coal-mined lands showed a great potential for improving the utilization of plants that were both established and invasive found on reclaimed coal mined lands in the Appalachian region. 12. West Virginia University: These data will allow us to further substantiate claims that St. Croix hair sheep have a pronounced ability to reduce FEC and these reductions are in large part to due to enhanced immune responses. This experiment also allowed us to validate our model system of generating naïve sheep and testing immune responses.

Journal Articles Blackburn, H.D., Paiva, S.R., Wildeus, S., Getz, W., Waldron, D., Stobart, R., Bixby, D., Purdy, P.H. Welsh, C., Spiller, S., and Brown, M. 2011. Genetic structure and diversity among U.S. sheep breeds: Identification of major gene pools. Journal of Animal Science doi.102527/jas.2010-3354. Burke, J.M., Whitley, N.C., Pollard, D.A. J. Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H. Moulton, K.E., 2011. Dose titration of sericea lespedeza leaf meal on Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs and kids. Vet. Parasitol. 181, 345-349. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., 2011. Use of a mixed sericea lespedeza pasture system for control of gastrointestinal nematodes lambs and kids. Vet. Parasitol. (2011), doi:101016/j.vetpar.2011.11.074. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., 2011. Grazing sericea lespedeza for control of gastrointestinal nematodes in lambs. Vet. Parasitol. (2010), doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.12.004. Burke, J.M., Whitley, N.C., Pollard, D.A., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Moulton, K.E., Mosjidis, J.A., 2011. Dose titration of sericea lespedeza leaf meal on Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs and kids. Vet Parasitol 181, 345-349. Burke, J.M., N.C. Whitley, D.A. Pollard, J.E. Miller, T.H.Terrill, K.E. Moulton, J.A. Mosjidis. 2011.Dose titration of sericea lespedeza leaf meal on Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs and kids. Vet. Parasitol. 181:345-349. (doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.05.005) Cubbage, F., V. Glenn, J. P. Mueller, D. Robison, R. Myers, J-M. Luginbuhl, and R. Myers. 2011. Early tree growth, crop yields, and estimated returnsfor an agroforestry trial in Goldsboro, North Carolina. Agrofoestry. Systems. Accepted. Godfrey, R.W., L. Larson, A.J. Weis and S.T. Willard. 2010. Evaluation of ultrasonography to measure fetal size and heart rate as predictors of fetal age in hair sheep. Sheep & Goat Research Journal 25: 60-65. Gurung, N. K., S. G. Solaiman, D. L. Rankins, Jr., A. L. Kendricks, G. M. Abdelrahim, W. and H. McElhenney. 2012. Effects of distillers dried grains with solubles on apparent nutrient digestibility and passage kinetics of Boer x Spanish castrated male goats. Journal of Applied Animal Research. In Press. Juárez-Reyes, A. S., M. A. Cerrillo-Soto, M. Guerrero-Cervantes, H. Bernal-Barragán, E. Herrera-Torres, F. G. Rios-Rincón, and J.M. Luginbuhl. 2011. Productive and reproductive performance and metabolic profile of ewes supplemented with hydroponic green wheat. Small Rumin. Res. Submitted. Joshi, B.R., Kommuru, D.S., Terrill, T.H., Mosjidis, J.A., Burke, J.M., Shakya, K.P., Miller, J.E., 2011. Effect of feeding sericea lespedeza leaf meal in goats experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Vet Parasitol 178, 192-197. Joshi, B.R., Kommuru, D.S., Terrill, T.H., Mosjisis J.A., Burke, J.M., Shakya, K.P., Miller, J.E., 2011. Responses of sericea lespedeza feeding in goats experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Vet. Parasitol. 178, 192-197. Leick, C. M., P.R. Broadway , S. Solaiman , J.M. Behrends. 2012. Quality and consumer acceptability of salt and phosphate enhanced goat loin from goats fed varying levels of pine bark. Meat Science 90: 665669. Luginbuhl, J-M., S. Pietrosemoli, J. M. Freeman, and K. L. Anderson. 2011. Alternatives to traditional anthelmintics to control gastrointestinal nematodes in grazing meat goats. Archiv. Latinoam. Prod. Anim. In Press. Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Terrill, T.H., Kearney, M.T., 2011. A comparison of two integrated approaches of controlling nematode parasites in small ruminants. Vet. Parasitol. 178, 300-310. Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Terrill, T.H., Kearney, M.T., 2011. A comparison of two integrated approaches of controlling nematode parasites in small ruminants. Vet Parasitol 178, 300-310. Min, B. R., S. Solaiman, N. Gurung, J. Behrends, J. S. Eun, E. Taha, and J. Rose. 2012. Novel uses of tannin-containing pine bark as feed additive to improve production efficiency, rumen fermentation, blood metabolites, and carcass traits in Koko-cross goats. J. of Anim. Sci. Accepted for Publication. Solaiman, S., B. R. Min, N. Gurung, J. Behrends, and W. McElhenney. 2012. Effects of breed and harvest age on feed intake, growth, carcass traits, blood metabolites, and lipogenic gene expression in Boer and Kiko goats. J. Anim. Sci. In Press. Solaiman, S., B. R. Min, N. Gurung, J. Behrends, and E. Taha. 2011. Assessing feed intake, growth performance, organ growth, and carcass characteristics of purebred Boer and Kiko male kids fed high concentrate diet. Small Ruminant Research, 98 (1-3): 98-101. Tedeschii L. O., A. Cannas, S.G. Solaiman, R. A. M. Vieira, N. K. Gurung. 2012. Development and evaluation of empirical equations to predict ruminal fractional passage rate of forages in goats. J. Agr. Sci. 150: 95-107. Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Mosjidis, J.A., 2011. Experiences with integrated concepts for the control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep and goats in the United States. Vet. Parasitol. (In Press). Turner, K.E., Wildeus, S., and Collins, J.R. 2011. Performance and nutrient utilization in purebred and Spanish and Boer x Spanish and Kikio x Spanish genetic types of goats offered alfalfa hay with corn supplementation. Small Ruminant Research 96:144-148. Webb, M., A.O. Abaye, C.D. Teutsch, J.-M. Luginbuhl, G. Scaglia, and C.E. Zipper. Mixed Grazing Goats With Cattle on Reclaimed Coal Mined Lands in the Appalachian Region: Effects on Forage Standing Biomass, Forage Botanical Composition and Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb.). Sheep and Goat Research Journal; (in press) Webb, M., 0. A. Abaye, C. Teutsch, J-M. Luginbuhl, G. Scaglia, and C. Zipper. 2011. Effects of mixed grazing goats with cattle on forage biomass, botanical composition and browse species on reclaimed pastures in the Appalachian coal region. Sheep & Goat Res. J. Accepted. Abstracts Gooden, M., E. N. Escobar, N. C. Whitley, D. J. Jackson-OBrien, and H. Taylor. 2011. Lack of an effect of pelletized diets containing pumpkin seeds on gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg counts in goats. J. Anim. Sci. Accepted. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E - Suppl.1):T395 (p. 400). Gooden, M., E.N. Escobar, N.C. Whitley , D.J. Jackson-OBrien, and H. Taylor. 2011. Lack of an effect of pelletized diets containing pumpkin seeds on gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg counts in goats. J. Anim. Sci. 89 E-Suppl.1:400. Luginbuhl, J-M., H. M. Glennon, J. E. Miller, and T.H. Terrill. 2011. Evaluation of sericea lespedeza grazed as a summer forage and natural parasite control for goats. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 2): 15. Matthews, K.K., D.J. O'Brien, N.C. Whitley, J.E. Miller, J.M. Burke, and R.A. Barczewski. 2012. Efficacy of pumpkin seed oil in controlling internal parasites in Katahdin lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 90 E-Suppl. 3 in press. So Sections Nadarajah, K., S. Schoenian, D. L. Kuhlers, M. D. Carpenter and D. Rankins. 2011. Gastro-intestinal parasitic infestation in meat goats and its relationships with production traits under a pasture-based performance test in Western Maryland. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1):399. Nadarajah, K., M. Penick, D. L. Kuhlers, M. D. Carpenter and D. Rankins. 2011. Gastro-intestinal parasitic infestation and its relationships with growth performance in meat goats on pasture with supplemental grain feeding test at the Kerr Center in Oklahoma. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1):399. OBrien, D.J., K.K. Matthews, E.K. Crook, N.C. Whitley, B. Storey, Sue Howell, and Ray Kaplan. 2011. Integrated parasite control, dewormer use and gastrointestinal nematode resistance on small ruminant farms in the mid-Atlantic U.S. J. Anim. Sci. 89 E-Suppl. 1:401. OBrien, D.J., K.K. Matthews, E.K. Crook, N.C. Whitley, B. Storey, S. Howell, R. Kaplan. 2011. Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) resistance and GIN management on small ruminant farms in the mid-Atlantic U.S. J. Anim. Sci. Accepted. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E - Suppl.1): T399 (p. 401). Renner, B. M., S. Pietrosemoli, J-M. Luginbuhl, C. Raczkowski, J. T. Green, and J. Grossman. 2011. Effect of stocking rate on forage production, soil compaction and root numbers in a swine pasture system. J. Anim. Sci. 89, E-Suppl. 1/J. Dairy Sci. 94, E-Suppl. 1: 315. Warren, J.C., D.J. O'Brien, C. Heckscher, R. Beaman, N.C. Whitley. 2011. Goat browsing for invasive shrub and internal parasite control. J. Anim. Sci. Accepted. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E - Suppl.1):T398 (p. 401). Warren, J.C., D.J. OBrien, C. Heckscher, R. Beaman and N.C. Whitley. 2011. Goat browsing for invasive weed and internal parasite control. J. Anim. Sci. 89 E-Suppl. 1:401. Whitley, N.C., T.H. Terrill, J.E. Miller, J.M. Burke, K. Moulton, L. Townsend, J.R. Horton, J. French, and A.K. Cooper. 2011. Effect of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) leaf meal pellets fed to gastrointestinal nematode infected goats. J. Anim. Sci. 89 E-Suppl. 1:398. Whitley, N.C., M. A. Perdue, S. Schoenian, R.M. Kaplan, B. Storey, T.H. Terrill, J.M. Burke, W.R. Getz, S. Mobini, and J.E. Miller. 2011. Small ruminant integrated parasite management and FAMACHA© Training in the United States. J. Anim. Sci. 89 E-Suppl. 3:15. Wildeus, S. and Chozu, E.J. 2011. Performance of two breeds of lactating hair sheep ewes fed rumen by-pass fat following winter lambing. Proc. Ann. Meet. South. Sect. Am. Soc. Anim. Sci., p. 33 Conference Proceedings Clary, A.P., Chozu, E.J., Wildeus, S., and Zeng, S.S. 2011. Effect of rumen by-pass fat supplementation on milk composition of hair sheep ewes. Proc. 16th Biennial Research Symposium, Assoc. Res. Dir., p. 133-134. Gooden, M.C., E.N. Escobar, J.G. Schwarz, N. C. Whitley, and D. Jackson OBrien. 2011. Effect of garlic and papaya seed on fecal egg counts in sheep and goats as natural anthelmintics. ARD proceedings, April, 2011; p. 175-176. Gooden, M.C., E.N. Escobar, J.G. Schwarz, N. C. Whitley, and D. Jackson OBrien. 2011. Effect of garlic and papaya seed on fecal egg counts in sheep and goats as natural anthelmintics. ARD proceedings, April, 2011; p. 175-176. Hagens, B., Scharz, J.G., Whitley, N.C., Wilson, M., Luchansky, J., Wildeus, S., Kim, C., Ettinger, M., and Pao, S. 2011. The impact of wild birds and farm management on Campylobacter and Salmonella in small ruminants. Proc. 16th Biennial Research Symposium, Assoc. Res. Dir., p. 75-76. Matthews, K. K., D. J. Jackson-OBrien, E. Crook, J. Eierman. 2011. Estrus, Mating and Fertility Response in Meat Goats Following Estrus Synchronization Protocols. Presented ARD 16th Biennial Research Symposium. Szabo, S.D., Chozu, E.J., and Wildeus, S. 2011. Effect of shipping environment and extender composition on motility of liquid stored ram semen. Proc. 16th Biennial Research Symposium, Assoc. Res. Dir., p. 172-173. Warren, D.J,. OBrien and R. Beaman. 2011. Use of Goats for Controlling Invasive Weeds in New Castle County Delaware. Presented ARD 16th Biennial Research Symposium. Whitley, N.C., S. Schoenian, J-M. Luginbuhl, M. Worku and R.C. Noble. 2011. Impact of gastrointestinal parasite management training in North Carolina. ARD proceedings, April, 2011; p. 195. Wildeus, S. and Zajac, A.M. 2011. Species differences in strongylid parasite egg counts in co-grazed hair sheep and goats. Proc. 16th Biennial Research Symposium, Assoc. Res. Dir., p. 195-196. Wildeus, S. 2011. Accelerated hair sheep lamb production systems in the tropics: Joining three times in two years. 5° Simposio Internacional sobre Caprinos e Ovinos de Corte, João Pessoa, Brazil Book Chapters Miller, J.E., Kaplan, R.M., Pugh, D.G., 2011. Internal parasites. In: D.G. Pugh (Ed.), Sheep and Goat Medicine (2nd Edition), Elsevier Saunders, Maryland Heights, MO: 106-125. Extension Publications Abaye, A. O., M. Webb, C. Zipper, J. M. Luginbuhl, and C. Teutsch. 2011. Managing shrub-infested post mined- pasturelands with goats and cattle: I. Effect on Botanical composition and browse species. VCE Numbered Publication 460-146 Abaye, A. O., M. Webb, C. Zipper, J. M. Luginbuhl, and C. Teutsch. 2011. Managing shrub-infested post mined- pasturelands with goats and cattle: II. Effects on forage biomass, nutritive values, and animal performance. VCE Numbered Publication 460-147 Abaye, A.O., D.M. Webb, C.E. Zipper, J. M. Luginbuhl, and C. Teutsch. 2011. Managing shrub-infested post mined- pasturelands with goats and cattle: I. Effects on forage biomass, nutritive values, and animal performance. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-146. Luginbuhl, J-M. 2011. Laminitis or founder. MGN 01-11. Luginbuhl, J-M. 2011. Getting your goats ready for the breeding season. MGN 02-11.