Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Objective 1. Characterization of host mechanisms associated with mastitis susceptibility and resistance.


Louisiana  The Hill Farm Research Station dairy herd of 102 cows was used in a controlled infection trial to determine efficacy of two iodine teat dips for preventing intramammary infections (IMI) with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae.


Connecticut  Efforts include determining the efficacy of teat disinfectants and the effect of extent of negative energy balance on prevalence of pathogens during the periparturient period.


Ohio - Plasma and milk concentrations of ascorbic acid and dehydro-L-ascorbic acid were measured before and after 21 Holstein cows were given an intramammary infusion of Escherichia coli. Increased severity of clinical signs was associated with large decreases in concentration of vitamin C in milk from the challenged quarter


Iowa  1) Research identified that undifferentiated bovine mammary gland progenitor cells (BMGPC) are resistant to Coliform mastitis organisms while, in contrast, differentiated BMGPC are susceptible to E. coli infections. 2) The uterocalin gene was identified as a potential host protection factor against inflammation 3) Fourteen new dry cow teat dip sealant prototypes were evaluated for persistency of teat end coverage during the early and late dry period 4) A targeted treatment trial was conducted after 2 months of stabilization in a herd who had dipped teats in formaldehyde for 3 milkings.


Michigan - Isotype-specific antibody responses and cross-reactivity were profiled following hyperimmunization of steers with J5 Escherichia coli bacterin. Two immunizations increased mean serum IgM and the IgG1antibody profiles above pre-immunization levels but five immunizations were required to detect significant IgG2

Missouri - The influence of S. aureus intramammary infection (IMI) on serum Cu, Zn, and Fe concentrations was studied. Results showed a significant decrease in serum Zn concentrations 24 hours after the final intramammary infusion of S. aureus.


Washington - We analyzed the difference of Nramp1 gene expression between clinical mastitis resistant and susceptible cows. Results demonstrate that resistant cows produced more Nramp1 mRNA than susceptible cows.

Tennessee  1) A 311 bp segment located within the coding region of exon 3 of the CXCR2 gene was amplified and sequenced. We detected 5 SNPs expressed by both breeds of cattle within our amplified sequence. Breed was shown to have a significant effect on allele and genotype frequencies for four of the five loci. 2) Association between functional activity of neutrophils and single nucleotide polymorphisms of CXCR2 in dairy cows was investigated. Cows exhibiting the CG genotype in SNP3 had lower neutrophil migration after stimulation with zymosan activated sera than cows exhibiting the GG genotype. This coincided with weaker downregulation of CD62 after stimulation with IL8 or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Cows exhibiting the AA genotype in SNP5 had higher upregulation of CD18 in conjunction with a greater downregulation of CD62 after stimulation with IL8 compared to genotype AG.


Vermont - In order to characterize the response of the mammary epithelial cells to infection, an in vitro model system of mammary epithelial cells in primary culture has been developed and used to quantify changes in gene expression in response to infection.


Guelph  1) Factors associated with dry period mastitis was studied. Variables of interest included daily milk production, formation of the teat canal keratin plug, and quarter milk bacteriological culture results. Overall, 11% of quarters developed new IMI in the dry period. Quarters that closed were significantly less likely to develop a new infection.


2) Intramammary Infection at First Calving in Ontario Dairy Heifers: Bacterial culture results from composite milk samples collected after calving indicated that 45% of fresh heifers were culture negative, while 3% were culture positive for Staphylococcus aureus. IMI at calving increased the probability of subsequent positive milk cultures, increased somatic cell count and increased the risk of being culled.

3) In order to facilitate the genotyping of a large population, a rapid PCR screening method, multi-primer target-PCR (MPT-PCR) was developed. Four primers were combined in one PCR reaction to detect the presence of alleles DRB3.2*16 and *23 simultaneously. No associations were found between alleles and clinical mastitis, mastitis at calving or somatic cell score.


Objective 2. Characterization and manipulation of virulence factors of mastitis pathogens for enhancing host defense.

Ohio - The synergistic effects IgG from cows vaccinated with ferric citrate receptor (FecA) and IgG from cows vaccinated with ferric enterobactin receptor (FepA) were measured in an in vitro iron uptake assay. The combination of anti-FecA IgG and anti-FepA IgG reduced 55Fe uptake compared with either anti-FecA or anti-FepA alone.

Missouri - A study was conducted to compare the efficacy of three different S. aureus bacterins against non-vaccinates. Results showed no significant differences between groups with regard to IMI rate.

Washington - Microbial shedding rates in the milk were studied in cows with mycoplasma mastitis. A bimodal distribution of shedding rates was seen, and some shedding rates were zero for several days, some were low enough that on average, a single cow with mycoplasma mastitis would not be discerned through the herds bulk tank milk sampling.

Tennessee  Streptococcus uberis isolates were collected and Fingerprinting was performed on these isolates using the following methods: RiboPrinter., pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and randomly amplified DNA fingerprinting. Based on results of the present study, the PFGE method appears to be more discriminatory for detecting differences in strains.

New York - Research in New York is focused around antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of S.uberis infections. Antimicrobial resistance of S.aureus, S.agalactiae and E.coli. Virulence factors of S.uberis that distinguish isolates causing chronic and transient infections are being investigated.

Vermont  Characterization and manipulation of Bacteriocins, autolysins, and bacteriophage enzymes is being pursued in order to understand their potential role in regulating growth and virulence of the mastitis pathogens S. aureus and S. uberis.

Guelph - Staphylococcus aureus Isolated From Intramammary Infections Before and After the Dry Period of Dairy Cattle in Canada was studied using Sensititre.. Very few of the S. aureus studied were resistant to common antibiotics used in dairy herds, even those drugs most often used for dry cow antibiotic therapy. Overall, there was very little change in the resistance pattern of organisms that were cultured from intramammary infections prior to drying off.

Objective 3. Development and evaluation of techniques for modulation of host responses to mastitis pathogens.

Connecticut  Evaluated the effect of intramammary antibiotic therapy at 2 weeks prior to anticipated calving on pathogen prevalence, milk production and reproduction in primiparous cows.

Ohio - Antimicrobial susceptibility of mastitis pathogens isolated at calving from first lactation and older cows were compared. MIC90 for penicillin was higher among isolates from older cows. Resistance to tetracycline was more common and MIC90 higher among isolates from first lactation cows than from older cows.

Iowa - A study evaluating prepartum treatment of heifers ( single tube of lactating cow antibiotic was completed on a 1200 cow commercial dairy.

Michigan - A cDNA microarray resource has been developed with the goal of providing integrated functional genomics resources for cattle. A web-accessible database (http://www.nbfgc.msu.edu) has been established to provide pertinent data related to NBFGC clones, including sequence data, BLAST results, and ontology information. The NBFGC microarray represents the largest cDNA microarray for a livestock species prepared to date and should prove to be a valuable tool in studying genome-wide gene expression in cattle.

Missouri - A method was developed for detection of chlorhexidine in raw milk using HPLC. Subsequently, a study was completed to evaluate the elimination kinetics of chlorhexidine in milk following intramammary infusion as a treatment to stop lactation in mastitic mammary quarters of cows.

Washington - A study was made to determine the effect of strict control program on. S. aureus IMI. With the program that was based on segregation and on application of hygienic and therapeutic protocols, prompt collection of milk samples at parturition and at 7 and 14 days after parturition, incidence of new IMI was reduced to < 1case/100 cow-months.

Tennessee  1) One hundred and three quarters of 68 dairy cows experimentally infected with S. uberis during early lactation were used to evaluate efficacy of extended pirlimycin therapy regimens. Cows were allocated randomly to one of three treatment groups: 2X, 5X, and 8X. Differences in treatment efficacy were observed between the 2X and 8X treatment groups (58% vs. 80%).
2) A study was sone to detect Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26 using phenotypic and genetic markers. There were few observable differences in carbohydrate fermentation patterns of most E. coli isolates. Fourteen of 21 STEC O26 were rhamnose-negative. Seven STEC O26 and all non-O26 STEC isolates fermented rhamnose. Of the non-O26 strains, 14%, 17% and 0% of STEC O157, STEC O111 and generic E. coli, respectively, were rhamnose-negative. Incorporation of rhamnose in STEC O26 isolation media was reported to be a useful diagnostic.

Minnesota - A field study was completed describing the effect of infusion with an internal teat sealant, when used with a long-acting antibiotic (DCT) at dry off. Results showed that quarters infused with an internal teat sealant in addition to DCT were 30 % less likely to develop a new IMI between dry off and 1 to 3 DIM, and 33% less likely to experience a clinical mastitis event.

New York - New technologies that are being developed included milking parlor assessment and evaluation of milk flow curves and equipment cleaning quantification. Food safety research includes work on Salmonella and Listeria infections in dairy herds.

Vermont - We have previously shown that transgenic production of antibacterial enzymes in the lactating mammary gland is possible using a transgenic mouse model producing lysostaphin to create resistance to Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. In order to extend this work to enhance resistance during the dry period, we have identified and cloned gene promoter regions that are active during mammary gland involution and infection. A transgene using this promoter to direct expression of lysostaphin has been constructed.

Guelph  1)Effects of Two Gram-Negative Mastitis Immunization Protocols on Daily Milk Production and Dry Matter Feed Intake Values.-- A total of 198 Holstein cows and heifers from two research herds were enrolled. Each animal was randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups (Standard or Experimental). The Standard Group was immunized according to the label directions of a commercial J5 Escherichia coli .The Experimental Group was immunized at two weeks prior to drying off, at drying off and at three weeks before the expected calving date. There was no significant difference in milk production prior to drying off or on the average daily milk production to 60 days between the two groups 2) As a second objective, the Immunization protocol did not induce antibody to J5 E. coli, likely as a result of the high pre-existing antibody to this organism.

Louisiana

Foret, C. J., W. E. Owens, R. L. Boddie, P. Janowicz. Efficacy of two iodine teat dips during experimental challenge with Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. Our Industry Today. (In press). 2003

Norman, C. B., W. E. Owens, R. L. Boddie, N. T. Boddie, and C. H. Ray. Efficacy of prepartum, intramammary lactating cow antibiotics in dairy heifers. National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Fort Worth, TX. 2003.

Norman, C. B., W. E. Owens, R. L. Boddie, and B. F. Jenny. Heifer mastitis is all too common. Hoards Dairymen. p. 381. 2003.

Owens, W. E., R. L. Boddie, C. J. Foret, and P. Janowicz. Efficacy of a 0.1% iodine teat dip against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae during experimental challenge. Our Industry Today. (Submitted). 2003

Owens, W. E. Mastitis therapy and control: Medical therapy options in encyclopedia of dairy sciences. Roginski, H., J. W. Fuquay, and P. F. Fox (eds.) Academic Press, London. 2002.

Owens, W. E. Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infections in Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infections, 4th edition, National Mastitis Council. Arlington, VA. 2002,

Owens, W. E. The staphylococci in Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infections. 4th edition, National Mastitis Council. Arlinton, VA. 2002.

Connecticut:

Book Chapter:

Andrew, S. M. 2003. Antibiotic Residues in Animal-Based Foods. In Current Topics in Food Safety in Animal Agriculture, Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA.

Abstracts and Proceedings

Andrew, S. M., and R. Van Saun. 2003. Guidelines for investigating a mastitis/milk quality problem. Mid Atlantic Consortium 5th Annual In-Service Training Conference. June 11-13, 2003, Wilkes Barre, PA.

Andrew, S. M. 2002. Got Biosecurity? Whats New in Residue Avoidance. Pages 36-44 In Proc. Natl. Mastitis Counc. 2002. Syracuse NY.

Ohio:

Takemura, K., J.S. Hogan, and K.L. Smith. 2003. Effect of immunoglobulin G from cows immunized with ferric citrate receptor (FecA) on iron uptake by Escherichia coli. J. Dairy Sci. 86:133-137.

Wise, A.J., J.S. Hogan, K. Takemura, and K.L. Smith. 2003. Opsonic activity of serum and whey from cows immunized with the ferric citrate receptor. J. Dairy Sci. 86:146-151.

Aslam, M., J. Hogan, and K. L. Smith. 2003. Development of a PCR-based assay to detect Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella in milk. Food Microbiol. 20:345-350.

Hogan, J.S., and K.L. Smith. 2003. Coliform mastitis: review article. Vet. Res. 34:507-519.

Iowa:

Nilsen-Hamilton M., Q. Liu, J. Ryon, L. Bendickson, P. Lepont and Q. Chang. 2003. Tissue Involution and the Acute Phase Response, Annals of the NY Academy of Sciences, 995:94-108

Timms, L. L. and P. Ruegg. 2002. Chapter 13. Heifer mastitis and production of quality milk. Raising Dairy Replacements. MWPS RDR: 101.

Morelli, J., L. Timms, and J. Schnitzler. 2003. Split udder comparison of teat disinfectants on skin toleration during winter and spring. NMC Ann. Proc.:332.
Paulsen, D., L.L. Timms, and M.A. Faust. 2003. Evaluation of a salve or two novel winter teat dips to maintain or enhance teat end integrity during winter. NMC Ann. Proc.:385.

Wedemeier, S.G., and L.L. Timms. 2003. Controlling Staphylococcus aureus and other mastitis and lowering somatic cell counts in a modern freestall dairy. J. Dairy Sci. 86 (Suppl. 2): 90.

Paulsen, D. and L.L. Timms. 2003. Evaluation of a salve or two novel winter teat dips to maintain or enhance teat end integrity during winter. J. Dairy Sci. 86 (Suppl. 2): 14

Michigan:

Chaiyotwittayakun, A., J.L. Burton, P.S.D. Weber, K. Kizilkaya, F.F. Cardoso, and R.J. Erskine. 2003. Hyperimmunization of Steers With J5 Escherichia coli Bacterin: Effects on Isotype-Specific Serum Antibody Responses and Cross Reactivity With Heterogeneous Gram-Negative Bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science (in review).

Burton, J.L, P.M. Coussens, M. VandeHaar, M. Allen, G.W. Smith, and J.J. Ireland. 2003.
Functional Genomics and the Dairy Cow: From Genes to the Farm. Michigan Dairy Review (in press) (see also http://www.msu.edu/user/mdr/)

Weber, P.S.D., T. Toelboell, L-C. Chang, J. Durrett-Tirrell, P.M. Saama, G.W. Smith, and J.L. Burton. 2003. Mechanisms of glucocorticoid-induced down regulation of neutrophil L-selectin in cattle: Evidence for effects at the genome level and primarily on blood neutrophils. Journal of Leukocyte Biology (accepted for publication).

Madsen, S.A., L-C. Chang, M-C. Hickey, G.J.M. Rosa, P.M. Coussens, and J.L. Burton. 2003. Microarray analysis of gene expression in blood neutrophils of parturient cows. Physiological Genomics (in press) (also see 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00121.2003, at: http://physiolgenomics.physiology.org/papbyrecent.shtml)

Suchyta, S.P., S. Sipkovsky, R. Kruska, A. Jeffers, A. McNulty, M.J. Coussens, R.J. Tempelman, R.G. Halgren, P.M. Saama, D.E. Bauman, Y.R. Boisclair, J.L. Burton, R.J. Collier, E.J. DePeters, T.A. Ferris, M.C. Lucy, M.A. McGuire, J.F. Medrano, T.R. Overton, T.P. Smith, G.W. Smith, T.S. Sonstegard, J.N. Spain, D.E. Spiers, J. Yao, and P.M. Coussens. 2003. Development and testing of a high-density cDNA microarray resource for cattle. Physiological Genomics 15:158-164.

Erskine RJ, S.A. Wagner, and F.J. DeGraves. 2003. Mastitis therapy and pharmacology. Vet Clinics N Am: Food Animal Practice, 19:109-138.

Burton, J.L., and R.J. Erskine. 2003. Immunity and mastitis: Some new ideas for an old disease. Vet Clinics N Am: Food Animal Practice, 19:1-45.

Missouri:

Refereed Journals

Hebert, V. R., J. R. Middleton, E. Tomaszewska, and L. K. Fox. 2003. Methodology for quantifying residues of chlorhexidine in raw dairy milk. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 51(3):567-570.

Middleton, J. R., V. R. Hebert, L. K. Fox, E. Tomaszewska, and J. Lakritz. 2003. Elimination kinetics of chlorhexidine in milk following intramammary infusion as a treatment to stop lactation in mastitic mammary gland quarters of cows. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 222(12):1746-1749.

Middleton, J. R., D. Hardin, B. Steevens, R. Randle, and J. W. Tyler. Utility of quarter California mastitis test and quarter milk somatic cell count as screening tests for detecting subclinical intramammary infections in a herd with a high bulk tank somatic cell count. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. In Press.

Middleton, J. R., C. D. Luby, L. Viera, J. W. Tyler, and S. Casteel. Influence of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection on serum Cu, Fe, and Zn concentrations. J. Dairy Sci. In Press.

Abstracts and Proceedings

Middleton, J. R. 2003. Recent research on Staphylococcus aureus mastitis. Proceedings of the 111th Annual Meeting of the Missouri Veterinary Medical Association. pp. 333-338.

Luby, C. D., L. Viera, J. R. Middleton, J. W. Tyler, and S. Casteel. 2003. Influence of Staphylococcus aureus Intramammary Infection on Serum Copper, Zinc, and Iron Concentrations. Proceedings of the 42nd Annual Meeting of the NMC. pp. 326-327.

Middleton, J. R. 2003. Staphylococcus aureus Mastitis: Recent Developments. Proceedings of the 21st Annual American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum. pp.

Washington:

Biddle, Mary K , Larry K. Fox, and Dale D. Hancock 2003. Patterns of mycoplasma shedding in the milk of dairy cows with intramammary mycoplasma infection. 223:1163-1166

Fox, L.K., G. A. Bohach, S. U. Lee, K.T. Park, and Y.H. Park. 2003. Mastitis: Effect on milk quality, causative agents and control. Kor. J. Vet. Publ Health. 27:69-76.

Lee, S. U., Y. H. Park, W. C. Davis, L. K. Fox, and G. A. Bohach. 2003. The properties of human and bovine CD8+CD26+ T Cells induced by a microbial superantigen. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology 524:1-4.

Fox, LK, Hancock, DD, Mickelson, A, and A. Britten. 2003. Bulk tank milk analysis:Factors associated with appearance of Mycoplasma sp in milk. J. Vet. Med B 50:235-240

Middleton JR, Hebert VR, Fox LK, Tomaszewska E, Lakritz J. 2003. Elimination kinetics of chlorhexidine in milk following intramammary infusion to stop lactation in mastitic mammary gland quarters of cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 222(12): 1746-1749

Hebert V.R., J.R. Middleton, E. Tomaszewska, and L.K. Fox. 2003. Methodology for quantifying residues of chlorhexidine in raw dairy milk. J. Ag. and Food Chem. 51:567-570.

R. N. Zadoks, W. B. van Leeuwen, D. Kreft, L. K. Fox, H. W. Barkema, Y. H. Schukken, and A. van Belkum. 2002. Comparison of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine and human skin, milking rquipment, and bovine milk by phage typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and binary typing. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:3894-3902.

Middleton J.R., L.K. Fox, J.M. Gay, J.W. Tyler, and T.E. Besser. 2002. Use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for detecting differences in Staphylococcus aureus strain populations between dairy herds with different cattle importation practices. Epidemiol. Infect. 129:387-395.

Middleton J.R., and L.K. Fox. 2002. Influence of Staphylococcus aureus strain on mammary quarter milk production. Vet Rec. 150(13):411-412.

Middleton J.R., L.K.Fox, J.M. Gay, J.W. Tyler, and T.E. Besser. 2002. Influence of Staphylococcus aureus strain-type on mammary quarter milk somatic cell count and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity in cattle from eight dairies. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1133-40.

Oura, L.Y., L.K. Fox, C.C. Warf, and G. K. Kemp. 2002. Efficacy of two acidified chlorite postmilking teat disinfectants with sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid on prevention of contagious mastitis using an experimental challenge protocol. J. Dairy Sci. 85:252-257

Joo, Y.S., J. S. Moon, L.K. Fox, G.H. Suh, N. H. Kwon, S. H. Kim, and Y. H. Park. 2003. Comparison of natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP-1) expression between cows with high and low milk somatic cells counts. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16:1830-1836

Tennessee:

Journal Articles

Gillespie, B. E., H. Moorehead, H. H. Dowlen, D. L. Johnson, K. C. Lamar, M. J. Lewis, S. J. Ivey, and S. P. Oliver. 2002. Efficacy of extended pirlimycin therapy for treatment of chronic environmental Streptococcus species intramammary infections in lactating dairy cows. Veterinary Therapeutics, 3:(4)373-380.

Murinda, S. E., L. T. Nguyen, S. J. Ivey, R. A. Almeida, and S. P. Oliver. 2002. Development of a novel single tube agar-based test system for motility enhancement and immunocapture of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by H7 flagellar-specific antibodies. J. Clin. Microbiol. 40:4685-4690.

Oliver, S. P., M. J. Lewis, B. E. Gillespie, H. H. Dowlen E. C. Jaenicke, and R. K. Roberts. 2003. Milk production, milk quality and economic benefit associated with prepartum antibiotic treatment of heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 86:1187-1193.

Almeida, R. A., D. A. Luther, R. Nair, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Binding of host glycosaminoglycans and milk proteins: role in the pathogenesis of Streptococcus uberis mastitis. Vet. Microbiol. 94(2):131-141.

Oliver, S. P., R. A. Almeida, B. E. Gillespie, S. J. Ivey, H. Moorehead, P. Lunn, H. H. Dowlen, D. L. Johnson, and K. C. Lamar. 2003. Efficacy of extended pirlimycin therapy for treatment of experimentally-induced Streptococcus uberis intramammary infections in lactating dairy cattle. Veterinary Therapeutics 4(3):299-308.

Pangloli, Philipus, Yobouet Dje, S. P. Oliver, A. G. Mathew, D. A. Golden, W. J. Taylor, and F. A. Draughon. 2003. Evaluation of methods for recovery of Salmonella from dairy cattle, poultry and swine farms. J. Food Prot. (Accepted).

Rambeaud, M., R. A. Almeida, G. M. Pighetti, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Dynamics of leukocytes and cytokines during experimentally induced Streptococcus uberis mastitis. Vet. Immunol. Immuopathol. (Accepted).

Gillespie, B. E., A. G. Mathew, F. A. Draughon, B. M. Jayarao, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. A PCR-ELISA technique for detection of somatic group-specific Salmonella spp. J. Food Prot. (Accepted).

Nam, H. M., S. E. Murinda, L. T. Nguyen, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Evaluation of universal pre-enrichment broth for isolation of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes from dairy farm environmental samples. Foodborne Pathogens & Disease (Accepted).

Book Chapters

Oliver, S. P., R. N. Gonzalez, J. S. Hogan, B. M. Jayarao, and W. E. Owens. 2003. Microbiological procedures for the diagnosis of bovine udder infection. 4th Edition, The National Mastitis Council, Inc., Madison, WI. (In press).

PROCEEDINGS

Gillespie, B. E., R. A. Almeida, S. J. Ivey, H. Moorehead, P. Lunn, H. H. Dowlen, D. L. Johnson, K. C. Lamar, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Efficacy of extended pirlimycin therapy for treatment of experimentally-induced Streptococcus uberis intramammary infections in lactating dairy cattle. In: Proc. Natl. Mastitis Counc. pp. 342-343.

Batson, S. D., S. E. Murinda, L. T. Nguyen, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Detection of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O26 using phenotypic and genetic markers. In: Proc. Natl. Mastitis Counc. pp. 344-345.

Rambeaud, M., R. A. Almeida, G. M. Pighetti, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Characterizing the pathogenesis of experimentally-induced Streptococcus uberis mastitis. In: Proc. Natl. Mastitis Counc. pp. 346-347.

Murinda, S. E., L. T. Nguyen, T. L. Landers, F. A. Draughon, A. G. Mathew, J. S. Hogan, K. L. Smith, D. D. Hancock, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Multiplex PCR for detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli. In: Proc. Natl. Mastitis Counc. pp. 348349.

Gillespie, B. E., and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Comparison of an automated ribotyping system, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting for genotyping Streptococcus uberis. In: Proc. Natl. Mastitis Counc. pp. 350-351.

Youngerman, S. M., A. M Saxton, J. L. Edwards, F. N. Schrick, C. J. Davies, S. P. Oliver, and G. M. Pighetti. 2003. Interleukin-8 receptor: A promising candidate gene for mastitis resistance. In: Proc. Natl. Mastitis Counc. pp. 358-359.

Pighetti, G. M., J. L. Edwards, F. N. Schrick, A. M. Saxton, C. J. Davies, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Cloning adult dairy cows: a viable new tool in the fight against mastitis. In: Proc. Natl. Mastitis Counc. pp. 360-361.

Oliver, S. P., S. E. Murinda, and R. A. Almeida. 2003. Mastitis control, food safety and milk quality. In: Proc. National Ag in the Classroom Teachers Conference.

Oliver, S. P., and F. A. Draughon. 2003. Research and educational programs of The University of Tennessee Food Safety Center of Excellence. In: Proc. National Ag in the Classroom Teachers Conference.
Rambeaud, M., R. A. Almeida, G. M. Pighetti, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Characterizing the pathogenesis of experimentally-induced Streptococcus uberis mastitis. In: Department of Animal Science Annual Report, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville.
http://www.agriculture.utk.edu/ansci.annualreports.htm#AnimalHealth.

Murinda, S. E., L. T. Nguyen, T. L. Landers, F. A. Draughon, A. G. Mathew, J. S. Hogan, K. L. Smith, D. D. Hancock, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Multiplex PCR for detection and confirmation of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli. In: Department of Animal Science Annual Report, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. http://www.agriculture.utk.edu/ansci.annualreports. htm#AnimalHealth.

Batson, S. D., S. E. Murinda, L.T. Nguyen, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Escherichia coli O26 isolates from North America using carbohydrate fermentation and genes encoding virulence factors. In: Department of Animal Science Annual Report, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. http://www.agriculture.utk.edu/ansci. annualreports.htm#AnimalHealth.

Oliver, S. P., S. E. Murinda, and R. A. Almeida. 2003. Mastitis control, food safety and quality milk production. In: Department of Animal Science Annual Report, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. http://www.agriculture.utk.edu/ansci.annualreports.htm#AnimalHealth.

Murinda, S. E., L. T. Nguyen, H-M. Nam, R. A. Almeida, and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Detection of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. from dairy farms. In: Department of Animal Science Annual Report, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. http://www.agriculture.utk.edu/ansci.annualreports.htm# Animal Health.

Youngerman, S.M., S.P. Oliver, A.M. Saxton, J.L. Edwards, F.N. Schrick, C.J. Davies and G.M. Pighetti. 2003. A Novel Candidate Genetic Marker for Mastitis Resistance in Jersey Cattle. In: Department of Animal Science Annual Report, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville. http://animalscience.ag.utk.edu/pdf/Reports/Youngerman_DeptReviewArticle2003.pdf

ABSTRACTS

Youngerman, S. M., J. L. Edwards, F. N. Schrick, M. van Amstel, H. H. Dowlen, S. P. Oliver, and G. M. Pighetti. 2002. Leukocyte phenotypes expressed by a calf cloned from a mastitis susceptible dairy cow. Abstract 84P in Proc. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases..

Batson, S. D., S. E. Murinda, L.T. Nguyen, and S. P. Oliver. 2002. Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Escherichia coli O26 isolates from North America using carbohydrate fermentation and genes encoding virulence factors. Abstract 79 in Proc. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases.

Murinda, S. E., L. T. Nguyen, T. L. Landers, F. A. Draughon, A. G. Mathew, J. S. Hogan, K. L. Smith, D. D. Hancock, and S. P. Oliver. 2002. Multiplex PCR for detection and confirmation of Shiga-toxin producing Escherichia coli. Abstract 53 P in Proc. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases.

Almeida, R. A., and S. P. Oliver. 2002. Trafficking of Streptococcus uberis in bovine mammary epithelial cells. Abstract 11P in: Proc. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases.

Rambeaud, M., G. M. Pighetti, and S. P. Oliver. 2002. Dynamics of leukocytes and cytokines during experimentally-induced Streptococcus uberis mastitis. Abstract 10P in: Proc. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases.

Pighetti, G. M., S. Youngerman, and S. P. Oliver. 2002. A novel and promising candidate gene for mastitis resistance. Abstract 134 in Proc. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases.

Jackson, F. R., P. Pangoli, Y. Dje, S. P. Oliver, A. Mathew, D. A. Golden, W. J. Taylor, and F. A. Draughon. 2003. Evaluation of methods for recovery of Salmonella from poultry and swine feed. Abstract PO86 in Intl. Assoc. Food Prot. p.88.

Pangoli, P., Y. Dje, W. J. Taylor, D. A. Golden, S. P. Oliver, and F. A. Draughon. 2003. Evaluation of methods for recovery of Salmonella from dairy environmental samples. Abstract PO92 in Intl. Assoc. Food Prot. p.91.

Lamar, K. D., P. Pangoli, D. A. Golden, S. P. Oliver, and F. A. Draughon. 2003. Geographic Information System and epidemiological associations among foodborne pathogens at the farm. Abstract PO141 in Intl. Assoc. Food Prot. p.108.

Almeida, R. A., and S. P. Oliver. 2003. Development of an experimental Streptococcus uberis intramammary infection model. Abstract submitted to Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases.

Rambeaud, M, S.M. Youngerman, A.M. Saxton and G.M. Pighetti. 2003. Association between functional activity of neutrophils and single nucleotide polymorphisms of CXCR2 in dairy cows. Abstract submitted to Conference of Research Workers in Animals Diseases.

Pighetti, G.M., S.M. Youngerman, A.M. Saxton, and S.P. Oliver. 2003. Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Within the Bovine CXCR2 Gene in Holstein and Jersey Cattle. Abstract submitted to Conference of Research Workers in Animals Diseases.

Minnesota:

Peer-Reviewed Literature

Godden, S., P. Rapnicki, S. Stewart, J. Fetrow, A. Johnson, R. Bey, and R. Farnsworth. 2003. Effectiveness of an Internal Teat Seal in the Prevention of New Intramammary Infections During the Dry and Early Lactation Periods in Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. In Press.

Godden, S., R. Bey, R. Farnsworth, J. Reneau, and M. LaValle. 2002. Field validation of a milk line sampling device for monitoring milk quality and udder health. J. Dairy Sci. 85:1468-1475.

Abstracts

Godden, S., P. Rapnicki, S. Stewart, J. Fetrow, A. Johnson, R. Bey, and R. Farnsworth. Effectiveness of an internal teat sealant in the prevention of new intramammary infections during the dry and early lactation periods in dairy cows when used with an intramammary antibiotic. J. Dairy Sci. 86(Suppl. 1): 85-86.

Conference Proceedings

Godden, S., P. Rapnicki, S. Stewart, A. Johnson, R. Bey, and R. Farnsworth. 2003. 2003. An evaluation of Orbeseal teat seal for prevention of intramammary infections in dry cows. In Proc. Annual Dairy Health Management Update Meeting. Guelph, Ont. May 28-29, 2003.

Godden, S., P. Rapnicki, S. Stewart, A. Johnson, R. Bey, and R. Farnsworth. 2003. Effectiveness of an internal teat sealant in the prevention of new intramammary infections during the dry and early lactation periods in dairy cows when used with an intramammary antibiotic. In Proc. Annu. Meet. of the Minnesota Dairy Health Conference. St. Paul, MN. May 20-22, 2003. Pg. 75-97.

Godden, S., P. Rapnicki, S. Stewart, A. Johnson, R. Bey, and R. Farnsworth. 2003. Effectiveness of an internal teat sealant in the prevention of new intramammary infections during the dry and early lactation periods in dairy cows when used with an intramammary antibiotic. In Proc. 106th Annual Meeting of the Minnesota Veterinary Medical Association. Bloomington, MN. Feb. 6-8, 2003.

Godden, S., P. Rapnicki, S. Stewart, A. Johnson, R. Bey, and R. Farnsworth. 2003. Effectiveness of an internal teat sealant in the prevention of new intramammary infections during the dry and early lactation periods in dairy cows when used with an intramammary antibiotic. In Proc. 42nd Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council. Fort Worth, Texas. Jan. 26-29, 2003. Pg. 136  152.

New York:

Gonzalez R.N., Wilson D.J. 2003. Mycoplasmal mastitis in dairy herds.
Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 19:199-221.

Grohn Y.T., Rajala_Schultz P.J., Allore H.G., DeLorenzo M.A., Hertl J.A., Galligan D.T. 2003. Optimizing replacement of dairy cows: modeling the effects of diseases. Prev Vet Med 61:27-43.

Sauders B.D., Fortes E.D., Morse D.L., Dumas N., Kiehlbauch J.A., Schukken Y.H., Hibbs J.R., Wiedmann M. 2003. Molecular subtyping to detect human listeriosis clusters. Emerg Infect Dis 9:672-980.

Schukken Y.H., Wilson D.J., Welcome F., Garrison_Tikofsky L., Gonzalez R.N. 2003. Monitoring udder health and milk quality using somatic cell counts.
Vet Res 34:579-596.

Schukken Y.H., Grohn Y.T., McDermott B., McDermott J.J. 2003. Analysis of correlated discrete observations: background, examples and solutions. Prev Vet Med 59:223-240.

Schukken, Y.H., Grohn, Y.T., McDermott, B., McDermott, J.J., Analysis of correlated discrete observations: background, examples and solutions. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 59 (2003) P. 223-240.

Schukken, Y.H., Wilson, D.J., Welcome, F., Garrison-Tikofsky, L., Gonzalez,R., 2003. Monitoring udder health and milk quality using somatic cell counts. Vet. Res. 34:1-18.

Tikofsky L.L., Barlow J.W., Santisteban C., Schukken Y.H. 2003. A Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns for Staphylococcus aureus in Organic and Conventional Dairy Herds. Microb Drug Resist 1: 39-45.

Wilson D.J., Gonzalez R.N. 2003. Vaccination strategies for reducing clinical severity of coliform mastitis. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 19:187-197.

Zadoks R.N., Gillespie B.E., Barkema H.W., Sampimon O.C., Oliver S.P., Schukken Y.H. 2003. Clinical, epidemiological and molecular characteristics of Streptococcus uberis infections in dairy herds. Epidemiol Infect 130:335-349.

Proceedings

Schukken, Y.H. New Developments in the treatment and prevention of mastitis.
Recueil Des Conferences 28th Congres. L‘Association Des medecins Veterinaires Practiciens du Qeubec (A.M.V.P.Q) - Laval. Quebec-August 24, (2003) P. 1-19.

Schukken Y.H., Zadoks R.N., White L., Dopfer, D.D. 2003. Mastitis: Old Problems, New Approaches, Minnesota Dairy Health Conference, May 20-22, P. 25-41.

Schukken, Y.H. 2003. Mastitis Control Strategies Q-Max and beyond. The Northeast Veterinary Dairy Symposium, Cooperstown, NY May 27-29.

Schukken, Y. H, van Schaik G., Zadoks, R. N. 2003. Handling of infectious herd problems: role of the individual in herd and population. 95th Annual Conference for Veterinarians, March 14-16. Pg. 104-114.

Schukken Y.H., Zadoks R. N., White L., Dopfer D.D. 2003. Molecular and Mathematical Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis. Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine. March-April, Pg. 13-29.

Wallace J. A., Schukken Y. H., Welcome F. 2003. Measuring Stimulation‘s Effect with Milk Flow Curves. 95th Annual Conference for Veterinarians, March 14-16, Pg. 228-238.

Zadoks Ruth N. 2003. Streptococcus uberis: Contagious or environmental? - A question that also pertains to other mastitis pathogens, in particular Staphylococcus aureus. 95th Annual Conference for Veterinarians, March 14-16, Pg 115-119.

Vermont:

Refereed Journals

Fan, W., K. Plaut, A.J. Bramley, J.W. Barlow, S.A. Mischler, and D.E. Kerr. 2003. Persistency of adenoviral-mediated lysostaphin expression in goat mammary glands. J. Dairy Sci. (in press)

Kerr, D.E., and O. Wellnitz. 2003. Transgenic models for animal science research and application. J. Dairy Sci. (in press).

Mitra, A., K.S. Hruska, O. Wellnitz, D.E. Kerr, A. Capuco, and R. J. Wall. 2003. Expression of lysostaphin in milk of transgenic mice affects the growth of neonates. Transgenic Research 12:597-605.

Carter, E.W., and D.E. Kerr. 2003. Optimization of a DNA-based vaccination in cows using green fluorescent protein and Protein A as a prelude to immunization against staphylococcal mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 86:1177-1186.

Abstracts and Proceedings

Wellnitz, O. and D.E. Kerr. 2003. Establishment of a bovine cell-culture system to study the genomic response of mammary epithelial cells to infection with Staphylococcus aureus. J. of Dairy Sci. 86 (Suppl. 1):92.

Powell, A.M., N.C. Talbot, K.D. Wells. D.E. Kerr, V.G. Pursel, and R.J. Wall. 2003. Source of fetus determines efficiency of production of nuclear transfer jersey cattle genetically engineered to resist mastitis. Theriogenology 59:281.

Guelph:

Proceedings:

Bassel, L, Kelton, DF, Godkin, MA, Leslie, KE, Lissemore, KD. Risk factors for intramammary infection at first calving in Ontario dairy heifers. Proc 36th Annual AABP Convention . Pg. 177. 2003.

Leslie, K.E. and Dingwell, R.T. Background to Dry Cow Therapy: What, Where, Why  Is It Still Relevant. 42nd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Forth Worth, Texas. P5-17. 2003.

Barratt, K., Leslie, K.E., and Bashiri, A. An Evaluation of the PortaSCC Test for Determining Udder Health Status in Dairy Cows at Dry Off. 42nd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Forth Worth, Texas. P280-281. 2003.

Bassel, L, Kelton, D, Godkin, A., Leslie, K.E., and Lissemore, K. Risk Factors for Intramammary Infection at First Calving in Heifers from Ontario Sentinel Herds. 42nd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Forth Worth, Texas. P282-283. 2003.

Dingwell, R.T., Leslie, K.E., Schukken, Y.H., Sargeant, J.M., Timms, L. and Shirley, J.E. Evaluation of the California Mastitis Test to Detect Intramammary Infections in Early Lactation. 42nd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Forth Worth, Texas. P294-295. 2003.

Dingwell, R.T. McLaren, C.J., Osborne, T.M., Petersson, C.S., and Leslie, K.E. Reliability of a Manual Assessment Technique to Determine Teat Canal Closure During the Dry Period. 42nd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Forth Worth, Texas. P296-297. 2003.

Dingwell, R.T., Timms, L.L., Sargeant, J.M., Kelton, D.F., Schukken, Y.H., and Leslie, K.E. The Association of Teat Canal Closure and Other Risk Factors for New Dry Period Intramammary Infections. 42nd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Forth Worth, Texas. P298-299. 2003.

Leslie, K.E., Schukken, Y.H., Archambault, M., Dingwell, R.T., Bashiri, A., and Leslie, C.F. Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Intramammary Infections Before and After the Dry Period of Dairy Cattle in Canada. 42nd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Forth Worth, Texas. P324-325. 2003.

Petersson, C.S., Leslie, K.E., Kelton, D.F., and Mallard, B.A. Impact of Two Coliform Mastitis Vaccination Schedules on Immune Response, Milk Yield, Intramammary Infection and Dry Matter Feed Intake in Holstein Dairy Cattle. 42nd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Forth Worth, Texas. P356-357. 2003.

Scholl, D., Barkema, H., Lesperance, A., Lacasse, P., Leslie, K.E., Kelton, D., and Tomita, G. Canadian Bovine Mastitis Research Network. 42nd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Forth Worth, Texas. P370-371. 2003.

Wallace, J.A., Stipetic, K., Schukken Y.H., Dingwell, R.T., Baillargeon, P., Bacic, G., and Leslie, K.E. Impact of Intramammary Treatment of CMT-Positive Quarters in Early Postpartum Dairy Cows. 42nd National Mastitis Council Annual Meeting Proceedings. Forth Worth, Texas. P391-392. 2003.

Gawrylash, S., Leslie, K.E., Archambault, M., and Bashiri, A. Evaluation of the ColiMast test for Detection of Coliform Mastitis in Dairy Cattle. American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings. Madision, WI. 35:192. Sept 2002.

Petersson, C., Leslie, K.E., Kelton, K., and Mallard, B. Impact of two Coliform Mastitis Vaccination Schedules on Milk Yield, Dry Matter Feed Intake and Intramammary Infections of Holstein Dairy Cattle. American Association of Bovine Practitioners Proceedings. Madision, WI. 35:266. Sept 2002.

Dingwell, R.T., Duffield, T.F., Leslie, K.E., Keefe, G., DesCoteaux, L., Kelton, D.F., Lissemore, K.D., and Schukken, Y.H. Efficacy of Intramammary Tilmicosin at Drying off and other risk factors for prevention of new intramammary infections during the dry period. American Association of Bovine Practitioners. Madision, WI. 35:269. Sept 2002.


Publications:

Dingwell, R.T., Leslie, K.E., Duffield, T.F., Schukken, Y.H., DesCoteaux, L., Keefe, G.P., Kelton, D.F., Lissemore, K.D., Shewfelt, W., Dick, P., Bagg, R.: Efficacy of intramammary Tilmicosin and risk factors for cure of Staphylococcus aureus infection in the dry period. Journal of Dairy Science. 86:159-168, 2003.

Dingwell, R.T., Duffield, T.F., Leslie, K.E., Keefe, G.P., DesCoteaux, L., Kelton, D.F., Lissemore, K.D., Schukken, Y.H., Dick, P., Bagg, R.: Efficacy of intramammary Tilmicosin administered at drying-off, and other risk factors, for the prevention of new intramammary infections during the dry period. Journal of Dairy Science. 85:3250-3259, 2002.

Dingwell RT, KE Leslie, YH Schukken, JM Sargeant, and LL Timms. Evaluation of the California Mastitis Test to Detect an Intramammary Infection With a Major Pathogen in Early Lactation Dairy Cows. Canadian Veterinary Journal 44:407-412, 2003.

Dingwell RT, TF Duffield, KE Leslie, GP Keefe, L. DesCoteaux, P. Dick and R. Bagg. Comparative efficacy of a novel intramammary dry cow antibiotic to eliminate subclinical mastitis in the dry period. Bovine Practitioner 37: 98-106, 2003.

Dingwell RT, DF Kelton, and KE Leslie. Management of the Dry Cow in Control of Peripartum Disease and Mastitis. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. March (19): 235-265. 2003.

Wagter, L.C., Mallard, B.A., Wilkie, B.N., Leslie, K.E., Boettcher, P.J., and Dekkers, J.C.M. The Relationship Between Milk Production and Antibody Response to Ovalbumin During the Peripartum Period. J Dairy Sci. 86:169-173. Jan 2003.

LeBlanc, S.J., Duffield, T.F., Leslie, K.E., Bateman, K.G., TenHag, J., Walton, J.S. and Johnson, W.H. The Effect of Prepartum injection of Vitamin E on Health in Transition Dairy Cows. J Dairy Sci, 85:1416-1426. 2002.

Wallace, J.A., Stipetic, K., Schukken, Y.H., Dingwell, R.T., Baillargeon, P., Bacic, G., and Leslie, K.E. Mastitis Diagnosis and Treatment in Fresh Cows: An evaluation of a diagnostic and treatment protocol for intramammary infections in early postpartum dairy cows. The Bovine Practitioner. Submitted. Oct 2003.