Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Participants: Bridges, Allen - University of Minnesota Cushman, Robert - USDA, ARS, USMARC Fricke, Paul - University of Wisconsin Lamb, G. Clifford - University of Florida Perry, George  South Dakota State University Stevenson, Jeffrey  Kansas State University Vonnahme, Kimberly  North Dakota State University Dahlen, Carl  North Dakota State University Larson, Jamie - Mississippi State University Funston, Rick - University of Nebraska Ravlin, Bill  The Ohio State University and Administrative Advisor Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting: Wednesday, August 10 Introductions and registration. Registration is $20/person. Station Reports were distributed electronically, either before or during the meeting. Station reports were given by: University of Wisconsin North Dakota State University. Dr. Lardy (head, Department of Animal Science) joined the group and gave a brief welcome and answered questions regarding NDSU, etc. Resumed station reports: Mississippi State University USDA, ARS USMARC University of Nebraska South Dakota State University Kansas State University University of Minnesota Completed Station reports shortly after noon. Lunch Administrative report by Bill Ravlin Budget cuts are proposed/expected; 16.7% proposed cut to NIFA by the house, also cuts to AFRI and Hatch funds are proposed. Ideas for responding to fewer funds from traditional sources. Diversify and be more competitive Attacking societal issues Below is the most recent information coming out of the system related to the House budget. (I've included the entire e-mail sent to me so you can get a feel for the discussion.) Note that the actual budget information/spreadsheet is at: http://www.land-grant.org/docs/FY2012/Hse.xlswww.land-grant.org/docs/FY2012/Hse.xls In addition, the new NC Proposal Development project may be of interest and the Battelle study can be found at: NCRA.info Finally, please look over the Science Roadmap for Food and Agriculture (escop.ncsu.edu/docs/scienceroadmap.pdf) with an eye toward issues that relate to reproductive efficiency. The impact analysis by the Battelle group of the North Central Region was briefly discussed and can be found at NCRA.info There is also funding for multi-state grants by North Central region for proposal development This is the year for the NC-1038 rewrite. The rewrite is due to Bill Ravlin by December 1, and will be voted on in March at the Experiment Station meeting. Strategy for the rewrite was discussed by Jeff and Cliff Need a statement of issues Title - recommended change Impacts What needs to be completed? Objectives, Methods, individual and multi location contributions, publications and grants Possible Objectives Pre and post nutritional management strategies that impact reproduction 5 d vs. Presynch 5 d CO-Synch (dairy) Targeted estrous synchronization protocols based on calving date Duration of CIDR study Uterine environment and embryo survival Provide information from each location to Cliff Business meeting New officers were discussed for next year. Chair will be Rick Funston Secretary will be Jamie Larson Member at large will be Carl Dahlen Meeting location was discussed, Jamie suggested IACR in Vancouver, Cliff suggested Panama City, however, because of budget uncertainties it was decided to have the meeting in a less expensive place. Kansas City was decided and the dates will be September 11-12 somewhere near the airport. Jeff Stevenson will handle local arrangements. Discussion of collaborative projects will be an agenda item. Meeting was adjourned for the day Tour of new NDSU feeding facility Thursday, August 11 Morning was spent on rewrite of the new project. All locations provided information to Cliff and Cliff placed in a master document. Groups were assigned to work on specific sections. A working document and Appendix A was assembled and Cliff distributed for final comment. Comments are due back to Cliff by August 19, 2011. Meeting adjourned. Submitted by: Rick Funston NC-1038 Secretary

Objective 1: To develop breeding programs to maximize pregnancy rates Florida Agricultural Experiment Station This station determined that calf removal reduced the interval to the LH peak and both calf removal and use of equine chorionic gonadotropin at CIDR removal enhanced follicle growth, ovulation incidence, and P4 concentrations in early postpartum suckled beef cows. However, calf removal did not appear to enhance pregnancy rates in suckled beef cows when exposed to 48 or 72 hr calf removal, but subsequent calf performance was negatively affected by calf removal. A once-used CIDR developed more persistent follicles than new CIDR, whereas follicular aspiration was more effective at follicle turnover than an additional CIDR or saline treatments. Developing heifers using perennial peanut hay results in similar performance to heifers that were developed on a grain-based diet and greater performance than heifers that did not receive a supplement. In addition, heifers receiving a perennial peanut hey supplement had greater pregnancy rates than those heifers that received no supplement. Puberty was attain earlier during the breeding season in supplemented (perennial peanut or grain-based supplemented heifers) than those that did not receive a supplement. Future Work Additional research will be performed to validate the efficacy of estrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination protocols in production settings, specifically addressing follicle health at fixed-time AI to reduced variability in pregnancy rates among locations. Current studies have been initiated to determine whether estrous cycles may be effectively synchronized in heifers to induce an ovulatory follicle that grows in the absence of exogenous progesterone. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Treatment of lactating dairy cows with hCG on d 7 post-AI increased concentrations of progesterone following hCG-induced ovulation of ovarian follicles, but failed to improve pregnancy rate. Retention of original CL through d 28 after AI in cows diagnosed not pregnant on d 32 was associated with increased concentrations of pregnancy-specific protein B, a marker for pregnancy. These results indicate that cows having long cycles after AI may be associated with pregnancy, CL retention, and early embryonic loss. Presynchronization of estrous cycles in cows by applying PGF2± (PG) followed in 3 d by GnRH (PG-3-G) and initiating Ovsynch 10 d after PGF2± resulted in greater ovulation rates, elevated progesterone, and more cows having a CL at the onset of the Ovsynch protocol than cows assigned to Presynch-10. Pregnancy rates tended to be greater in the 210-cow study. Application of PG-3-G in 3 additional commercial dairy herds tended to improve pregnancy rates in 2 of 4 herds. Future Work A study is planned to examine LH concentrations in response to GnRH injections associated with presynchronization protocols and during application of Ovsynch. Results are being compiled for a multi-location study in suckled beef cows in which a presynchronizing injection of PGF2a was administered 3 d before initiating a 7-d CO-synch + CIDR protocol. A resynchronization study in lactating dairy cows is ongoing in which open cows are submitted to a 5-d Ovsynch with and without a CIDR insert. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station During the course of the past year, this station initiated three experiments which are outlined below. Experiment 1 provided data to support that while hCG at the initiation of Double-Ovsynch induced more ovulations than GnRH, more of the CLs that developed as a result of ovulation from hCG failed to undergo luteolysis from PGF2± and thus conception rates were similar between treatments. Experiment 2 provided data indicating that the presence of a sidewinder bull caused more heifers to display estrus after estrus synchronization compared to other treatments and heifers and cows exposed to a sidewinder bull achieved increased conception rates compared to females exposed to a vasectomized bull, with the control group intermediate. Conclusions from this experiment alone do not justify the added cost and management of maintaining sidewinder bulls to enhance fertility, although more research into effects of bio stimulation on fertility is needed. Experiment 3 provided evidence that sex-sorted semen can be used in beef heifers and cows with the expectation that a similar decrease in fertility will occur as it does in dairy heifers. Select beef cows could be good candidates for receiving sex-sorted semen. Future Work Data from a collaborative project with Drs. Stevenson and Lamb evaluating a 5-day CIDR protocol in dairy heifers is currently being analyzed and prepared for publication. A collaborative project with Drs. Lamb and Dahlen to evaluate a 72-hour calf removal protocol on conception rates as well as calf growth is currently being conducted. Research will be conducted in dairy cows to evaluate impacts of changes in body condition, glucose, NEFA, leptin, etc. at the time of conception on fetal growth and heifer calf performance. North Dakota State University During the course of the past year, this station initiated three experiments which are outlined below. Experiment 1 provided data that reveled melatonin may negate the consequences of IUGR during specific abnormalities in umbilical blood flow as long as sufficient uterine blood perfusion is maintained during the pregnancy. Experiment 2 provided data indicating that although maternal re-alimentation after nutrient restriction did not affect uterine BF percentage change, maternal diet affected PI and RI percentage change. Further investigations in uterine and placental vascular reactivity may help explain the differences observed in resistance indices. Experiment 3 indicated that although maternal diet restriction during early to mid-gestation did not affect umbilical blood flow, there was evidence to indicate that it may alter fetal cardiac output. Future Work Continue to work models of nutrient restriction and the subsequent effects on uterine and umbilical blood flow. Elucidate mechanisms responsible for alterations in uterine/umbilical blood flow and use knowledge of these factors to bring concepts of developmental programming research to the applied/producer level. A collaborative project with Drs. Lamb and Larson to evaluate a 72-hour calf removal protocol on conception rates as well as calf growth is currently being conducted. In addition, a long term project was initiated to evaluate the impact of utilizing AI and estrous synchronization in commercial beef operations. South Dakota State University This stations research showed that: 45% (72/159) of all heifers exhibited standing estrus between the injection of PGF2a and insertion of the CIDR. There was no difference (P = 0.77) between heifers with concentrations of progesterone > 1 ng/mL on d -9 (d of PGF2a; 44%, 47/107) and heifers with concentrations of progesterone < 1 ng/mL on the d-9 (47%, 21/45) in the percentage of heifers that exhibited estrus between PGF2a and CIDR insertion. There was no difference (P = 0.78) in BCS between heifers that did and did not exhibit estrus (5.9 ± 0.1 and 5.9 ± 0.1, respectively). Interval to estrus following CIDR removal did not differ (P = 0.18) between heifers that did (n = 72) and did not (n = 87) exhibit estrus before CIDR insertion (51.8 ± 1.0 and 53.6 ± 1.0 h, respectively). However, variance for the interval to estrus tended to differ (P = 0.07) between heifers that did (47.5) and did not (76.0) exhibit estrus before CIDR insertion. Future Work To investigate why some follicles do not ovulate in response to an injection of GnRH. University of Minnesota Administering two concurrent 25 mg doses of PGF is an effective method of PGF delivery when conducting the 5 d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol in lactating beef cows. Feeding elevated amounts of DDGS during the third trimester of pregnancy to pregnant cattle impacted growth performance of female offspring and marginally impacted rate of sexual maturation. Reducing nutrient inputs and subsequently body condition score of cows during the postpartum period can impact follicular growth and CL diameter. Likewise, reduced nutrition reduces the yield of quality embryos following ovarian super-stimulation. However, it is still unclear how or if such parameters impact fertility and if a suppression if nutrition has an impact on uterine function and/or oocyte competence. Future Work Evaluation of follicular microenvironment, oocyte viability, and oocyte and granulosa cell gene expression in beef cows on varying planes of nutrition. Embryo yield and quality of FSH-stimulated donor cows with differing concentrations of progesterone during follicular development. Determining if deliver of prostaglandin F2alpha to anestrous cows prior to the onset of estrous synchronization impacts the LH surge, response to GnRH, follicular growth, and fertility. Compare timed-AI pregnancy rates in beef heifers synchronized with either the 5-day CO-Synch + CIDR, PG 6-d CIDR, or 14-d CIDR-PG protocol. University of Nebraska Low input heifer development systems result in acceptable AI and final pregnancy rates. Late gestation supplementation of cows grazing winter range or corn residue impact subsequent steer and heifer progeny performance. Future Work Additional research will be conducted to further elucidate mechanisms by which strategic supplementation around the time of breeding may impact reproduction. Heifer development research will continue to determine if heifers development in low input systems are more efficient and adapt to grazing crop residue more readily. A project has been initiated to control for fetal age and sire and determine amount of supplementation needed to prevent a negative impact on the fetus when cows graze dormant range. This study will also examine the impact of early or late weaning on supplementation needs. USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center This station conducted a series of studies to evaluate how genetic background and post-weaning nutrition influence development of the reproductive tract in the heifer. Breed differences in antral follicle counts suggests that there are genes controlling the differences in this phenotype and supports continued efforts to identify genes influencing reproductive fitness. Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station Resynchronized lactating cows that had high P4 at G1 and that ovulated after G1 had an increased synchronization rate resulting in increased fertility to TAI. Circulating P4 reduces GnRH-induced LH secretion, and a higher dose of GnRH can increase LH secretion both in a high and low P4 environment. Development and use of a stochastic model by commercial dairy herds may facilitate selection of economically-optimal reproductive programs based on farm-specific parameters. Presynchronization with GnRH 7 d before initiation of Resynch increased fertility of resynchronized dairy cows whereas timing of initiation of Resynch did not. Some but not all lactating dairy cows developed an Ab response after repeated exposure to hCG and that maximum response is observed within 14 d of hCG injection. Future Work This station is continuing to work on improving fertility to synchronization strategies in lactating dairy cows. Objective 2: To characterize physiological mechanisms that regulate ovarian and uterine functions Florida Agricultural Experiment Station This station determined that calf removal reduced the interval to the LH peak and both calf removal and use of equine chorionic gonadotropin at CIDR removal enhanced follicle growth, ovulation incidence, and P4 concentrations in early postpartum suckled beef cows. However, calf removal did not appear to enhance pregnancy rates in suckled beef cows when exposed to 48 or 72 hr calf removal, but subsequent calf performance was negatively affected by calf removal. A once-used CIDR developed more persistent follicles than new CIDR, whereas follicular aspiration was more effective at follicle turnover than an additional CIDR or saline treatments. Developing heifers using perennial peanut hay results in similar performance to heifers that were developed on a grain-based diet and greater performance than heifers that did not receive a supplement. In addition, heifers receiving a perennial peanut hey supplement had greater pregnancy rates than those heifers that received no supplement. Puberty was attain earlier during the breeding season in supplemented (perennial peanut or grain-based supplemented heifers) than those that did not receive a supplement. Future Work Additional research will be performed to validate the efficacy of estrus synchronization and fixed-time artificial insemination protocols in production settings, specifically addressing follicle health at fixed-time AI to reduced variability in pregnancy rates among locations. Current studies have been initiated to determine whether estrous cycles may be effectively synchronized in heifers to induce an ovulatory follicle that grows in the absence of exogenous progesterone. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Future Work Further studies will be conducted to determine if the timing of insemination can be optimized through the use of accelerometer devices designed to sense motion. We will focus on accelerometer patterns during mounting events. The utility of accelerometer based insemination versus a timed insemination protocol (G6G, Ovsynch 56, Resynch) will also be examined. South Dakota State University There was a treatment, time, and treatment by time interaction (P < 0.01) on PUN concentrations. On d 1, approximately 7 h after the dietary treatments were first fed, concentrations of PUN were greater in N and NS compared to C (P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively) and S (P < 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). Starting on d 3, PUN concentrations were increased in N and NS, which were not different (P > 0.05), compared with C and S (P < 0.01), which were not different (P > 0.05). There was an effect of treatment (P < 0.01) on sulfate concentrations, with concentrations being increased in S compared with C, N, and NS (P < 0.01), with NS increased compared to C (P < 0.01) and N (P < 0.01). In addition, sulfate concentrations were increased on d 4 compared to d 8 (P = 0.04) and 16 (P < 0.01) and were decreased on d 8 and 16 compared to d 24 (P = 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) and 27 (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively), but there was no treatment by time interaction (P = 0.81). There was no effect of treatment (P = 0.55) or a treatment by time interaction (P = 0.16) on progesterone concentrations, but there was an effect of time (P < 0.01), with increasing concentrations after estrus consistent with normal CL formation. Uterine pH was increased in N and NS compared to C (P < 0.02), while S was not different from any treatment (P > 0.11). There was no effect of time (P = 0.26) or treatment by time interaction (P = 0.71) on uterine pH. Future Work To investigate the impact of elevated PUNs of pregnancy success. USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center A series of studies applying molecular genetics and functional genomics identified candidate genes influencing fertility in cattle. Future Work A study is planned to examine genetic variation in the response to prostaglandin F2. Transciptomic analysis will identify genes that are differentially expressed in the uterus, ovary, and liver of heifers raised under different developmental programs.

Florida Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Articles Dahlen, C. R., G. H. L. Marquezini, J. E. Larson, and G. C. Lamb. 2011. Fixed-time artificial insemination in replacement beef heifers after estrus synchronization with human chorionic gonadotropin or gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J. Anim. Sci. (jas.2010-3824). Dahlen, C. R., G. H. L. Marquezini, J. E. Larson, and G. C. Lamb. 2011. Human chorionic gonadotropin influences ovarian function and concentrations of progesterone in prepubertal Angus heifers. J. Anim. Sci. (Accepted: jas.2010-3712). Johnson, S.K., R.N. Funston, J.B. Hall, D.J. Kesler, J.W. Lauderdale, G.C. Lamb, D.J. Patterson, G.A. Perry, and D.R. Strohbehn. 2010. Multi-state Beef Reproduction Task Force provides science based recommendations for the application of reproductive technologies. J. Anim. Sci. (Accepted: jas.2010-3719). Larson, J.E., R.L. Krisher, G.C. Lamb. 2011. Effects of supplemental progesterone on the development, metabolism, and blastocyst cell number of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 23:311-318. Marquezini, G.H.L., C. R. Dahlen, S. L. Bird, G. C. Lamb. 2011. Administration of hCG to suckled beef cows before ovulation synchronization and fixed-time insemination: replacement of GnRH with hCG. J. Anim. Sci. (Accepted: jas.2010-3455). Wallace, L.D., C.A. Breiner, R.A. Breiner, A.R. Spell, J.A. Carter, G.C. Lamb, J.S. Stevenson. 2011. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin to embryo transfer recipients increased ovulation, progesterone, and transfer pregnancy rates. Theriogenology 75:1506-1515. Presented at Scientific Meetings Bischoff, K. M., T. E. Black, R. D. Estermann, G. A. Bridges, G. C. Lamb, and J. V. Yelich. 2011. Reproductive performance of replacement beef heifers when estrus was synchronized with progesterone (CIDR) for 5 or 7 d, GnRH, and PGF2±. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1): 346 (Abstr.). Bischoff, K. M., T. E. Black, V. R. G. Mercadante, G. H. L. Marquezini, C. C. Chase, S. W. Coleman, and G. C. Lamb. 2011. Effect of maternal feed efficiency as growing heifers and lactating cows on feed intake and performance of their suckling offspring. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1): 601 (Abstr.). Bridges, G.A., L. H. Cruppe, J. F. Currin, M. L. Day, P. J. Gunn, J. R. Jaeger, G. C. Lamb, A. E. Radunz, P. Repenning, J. S. Stevenson, J. C. Whittier, and W. D. Whittier. 2011. Determination of appropriate delivery of PGF2± in the 5-day Co-Synch + CIDR protocol in lactating beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1): 251 (Abstr.). Lamb, G.C., K. M. Bischoff, T. E. Black, V. R. G. Mercadante, G. H. L. Marquezini, R. F. Cooke, and N. DiLorenzo. 2011. Management implications associated with the onset of puberty and persistence of estrous cycles in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1): 494 (Abstr.). Lamb, G.C., J.E. Larson, N. DiLorenzo, V.R.G. Mercadante, K.M. Bischoff, T.E. Black, G.H.L. Marquezini. The Impact of Current and Future Applied Reproduction Technologies in Livestock on World Food Production. Biol. Reprod. 85 (Supplement 1):26 (Abstr.) Marquezini, G. H. L., T. E. Black, K. M. Bischoff, V. R. G. Mercadante, and G. C. Lamb. 2011. Capability of a new or once-used CIDR to develop persistent follicles and the capability of additional progesterone for persistent follicle turnover in replacement beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1): 340 (Abstr.). Marquezini, G.H.L., V.R.G. Mercadante, J.S. Stevenson, G.A. Perry, and G.C. Lamb. 2011. Effect of 72 h temporary calf removal and/or equine chorionic gonadotropin before timed AI on follicle development, concentrations of LH and estradiol, and ovulation rate in suckled beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1): 251 (Abstr.). Martins, P. G. M. A., C. A. A. Torres, A. B. Mancio, W. F. Souza, G. C. Lamb, and J. D. Arthington. 2011. Cow and calf separation to improve reproductive performance of first-calf Nellore beef cows under tropical conditions. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1): 601 (Abstr.). Proceedings Lamb, G.C. 2010. Management of heifers to achieve sound reproductive performance. In: Proc. III Congress of Uruguay Association of Animal Production. Montevideo, Uruguay pp 60-61. Lamb, G.C. 2010. Reproduction for Florida Cattle. In: Proc. 2010 Florida Beef Cattle Short Course. Pp 35-41. Lamb, G.C., T.E. Loyd, K.M. Bischoff, V.R.G. Mercadante. 2011. Feed Efficiency in Beef Females. In: Proc. XV Conference Focusing on Production and Reproduction of Cattle. Uberlandia, Brazil. pp 28-38. Lamb, G.C., G.H.L. Marquezini, V.R.G. Mercadante, T.E. Loyd, K.M. Bischoff. 2011. Interventions to Enhance Fertility in Fixed-Time Artificial Insemination Protocols. In: Proc. XV Conference Focusing on Production and Reproduction of Cattle. Uberlandia, Brazil. pp 236-248. Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Journal Articles and Abstracts Stevenson, J.S. 2011. Alternative programs to presynchronize estrous cycles in dairy cattle before a timed artificial insemination program J. Dairy Sci. 94: 205-217. Wallace, L.D., C.A. Breiner, R.A. Breiner, A. R. Spell, J.A. Carter, G.C. Lamb, and J.S. Stevenson. 2011. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin at embryo transfer induced ovulation of a first wave dominant follicle, and increased progesterone and transfer pregnancy rates. Theriogenology 75:1506-1515. Mundell, L.R., J.R. Jaeger, J.S. Stevenson, D.M. Grieger, L.A. Pacheco, J.W. Bolte, J. A. Aubel, G. J. Eckerle, M. J. Macek, and KC Olson. 2011. Effects of prepartum and postpartum bolus injections of trace minerals on performance of beef cows and calves grazing native range. J. Anim. Sci. 62(WASAS Proceedings). Bilby, T.R., R.G.S. Bruno, K.H. Lager, R.C. Chebel, J.G.N. Moraes, P.M. Fricke, G. Lopes, J.O. Giordano, J.E.P. Santos, F.S. Lima, J.S. Stevenson, and S.L. Pulley. 2011. Effects of supplemental progesterone and timing of initiation of resychronization on fertility in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 1):88 (Abstr.). Stevenson, J.S., S.L. Pulley, and H.I. Mellieon, Jr., 2011. Prostaglandin F2a and GnRH administration increase progesterone, luteal number, and proportion of dairy cows with corpora lutea before a timed AI program. J. Dairy Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 1):190 (Abstr.). Pulley, S.L., L.D. Wallace, H.I. Mellieon, and J.S. Stevenson. 2011. Ovarian characteristics, serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations, and fertility in lactating dairy cows in response to equine chorionic gonadotropin. J. Dairy Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 1):347 (Abstr.). Bridges, G.A., L.H. Cruppe, J.F. Currin, M.L. Day, P.J. Gunn, J.R. Jaeger, G.C. Lamb, A.E Radunz, P. Repenning, J.S. Stevenson, J.C. Whittier, and W.D. Whittier, 2011. Determination of appropriate delivery of PGF2a in the 5-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol in lactating beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1): 251 (Abstr.). Marquezini, G.H.L., V.R.G. Mercadante, J.S. Stevenson, G.A. Perry, and G.C. Lamb. 2011. Effect of 72 h temporary calf removal and/or equine chorionic gonadotropin before timed AI on follicle development, concentrations of LH and estradiol, and ovulation rate in suckled beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 89(E-Suppl. 1): 251 (Abstr.). Chapters Stevenson, J.S. and A. Ahmadzadeh. 2011. Breeding Standards and Pregnancy Maintenance: H. Roginski, J.W. Fuquay, and P.F. Fox (Ed.) 2nd edition. Encyclopedia of Dairy Science, Academic Press, New York, Vol. 4:410-416. Thesis Mellieon, H.I. Jr. 2011. Evavaluation of the 5-d vs. 7-d CO-synch + CIDR protocol in dairy heifers using timed AI. M.S. thesis, Kansas State University, 38 p. Kentucky Agricultural Experiment Station Reames, P.S., T.B. Hatler, S.H. Hayes, D.L. Ray and W.J. Silvia. 2011. Differential regulation of estrous behavior and luteinizing hormone secretion by estradiol-17b in ovariectomized dairy cows. Theriogenology 75:233-240. Mississippi Agriculture & Forestry Experiment Station Journal Articles Dahlen, C. R., G. H. L. Marquezini, J. E. Larson, and G. C. Lamb. 2011. Fixed-time artificial insemination in replacement beef heifers after estrus synchronization with human chorionic gonadotropin or gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J. Anim. Sci. (jas.2010-3824v1-20103824). Dahlen, C. R., G. H. L. Marquezini, J. E. Larson, and G. C. Lamb. 2011. Human chorionic gonadotropin influences ovarian function and concentrations of progesterone in prepubertal Angus heifers. J. Anim. Sci. (jas.2010-3712v1-20103712). Larson, J. E., R. L. Krisher, and G. C. Lamb. 2011. Effects of supplemental progesterone on the development, metabolism, and blastocyst cell number of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Reprod. Fert. Devl. 23:311-318. Abstracts Presented at Scientific Meetings Lamb, G. C., J. E. Larson, N. DiLorenzo, V. M. G. Mercadante, K. M. Bischoff, T. E. Black, G. H. L. Marquezini. 2011. The impact of current and future applied reproduction technologies in livestock on world food. Soc. Study of Reprod. (accepted). Binversie, J. A., K. E. Pfeiffer, and J. E. Larson. 2011. Modifying the double-Ovsynch protocol to include human chorionic gonadotropin to synchronize estrus in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94 (E-Suppl. 1):239. Binversie, J. A., J. D. Davis, K. G. Gebremedhin, C. N. Lee, and J. E. Larson. 2011. Alternative cooling of dairy cows by wetting the udder. J. Dairy Sci. 94 (E-Suppl. 1):102-103. Pfeiffer, K. E., J. A. Binversie, J. D. Rhinehart, and J. E. Larson. 2011. Exposure of beef females to the biostimulatory effects of bulls prior to AI. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 1):95. Rhinehart, J. D., A. M. Arnett, L. H. Anderson, W. D. Whittier, J. E. Larson, W. R. Burris, J. B. Elmore, D. T. Dean, and J. M. DeJarnette. 2011. Conception rates of sex-sorted semen in beef heifers and cows. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 3):30-31. Parish, J. A., M. L. Marks, and J. E. Larson. 2011. Use of a cattle artificial insemination school as extension programming. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (E-Suppl. 3):34-35. Research Reports Binversie, J. A., and J. E. Larson. 2010. Modifying the Double-Ovsynch protocol to include human chorionic gonadotropin to synchronize estrus in dairy cows and heifers. Dept. of Animal and Dairy Science Annual Report pp. 43-52. Extension Publications Larson, J. E. 2011. Embryo Transfer in the Dairy Herd. Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication 2682. Larson, J. E., and J. A. Parish. 2011. Embryo Transfer in the Beef Herd. Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication 2681. Parish, J. A., and J. E. Larson. 2011. Providing Assistance at Calving. Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication 2675. Parish, J. A., and J. E. Larson. 2010. Artificial insemination programs for cattle. Mississippi State University Extension Service. Publication 2628. North Dakota State University Journal Articles Vonnahme, K.A., R.C. Zimprich, E.K. Harris, E.P. Berg, D.J. Newman, and D.S. Buchanan. 2010. Linseed meal during early pregnancy increases litter size in pigs without affecting post-natal growth. Canadian Journal of Animal Science. 90:491-493. Vonnahme, K.A., J.S. Luther, L.P. Reynolds, C.J. Hammer, D.B. Carlson, D.A. Redmer, and J.S. Caton. 2010. Impacts of maternal selenium and nutritional level of growth, adiposity, and glucose tolerance in female offspring in sheep. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 39:240-248. Neville, T. L., J.S. Caton, C.J. Hammer, J.J. Reed, J.S. Luther, J.B. Taylor, D.A. Redmer, L.P. Reynolds and K.A. Vonnahme 2010. Ovine offspring growth and diet digestibility are influenced by maternal Se supplementation and nutritional intake level during pregnancy despite a common postnatal diet. Journal of Animal Science. 88:3645-3656. Lemley, C.O., K.A. Vonnahme, L.R. Tager, K.M. Krause, M.E. Wilson. 2010. Diet induced alterations in hepatic progesterone (P4) catabolic enzyme activity and P4 clearance rate in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Endocrinology. 205:233-241. Neville, T.L., D.A. Redmer, P.P. Borowicz, J.J. Reed, M.A. Ward, M.L. Johnson, J.B. Taylor, S.A. Soto-Navarro, K.A. Vonnahme, L.P. Reynolds, and J.S. Caton. 2010. Maternal dietary restriction and selenium supply alters messenger ribonucleic acid expression of angiogenic factors in maternal intestine, mammary gland, and fetal jejunal tissues during late gestation in pregnant ewe lambs. Journal of Animal Science. 88:2692-2702. Meyer, A.M., J.J. Reed, K.A. Vonnahme, S. A. Soto-Navarro, L. P. Reynolds, S. P. Ford, B. W. Hess, and J. S. Caton. 2010. Effects of stage of gestation and nutrient restriction during early to mid-gestation on maternal and fetal visceral organ mass and indices of jejunal growth and vascularity in beef cows. Journal of Animal Science. 88:2410-2424. Bork, N.R., J.W. Schroeder, G.P. Lardy, K.A. Vonnahme, M.L. Bauer, R.D. Shaver, and P.M. Fricke. 2010. Effect of Feeding Rolled Flaxseed on Milk Fatty Acid Profiles and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows. Journal of Animal Science. 88:3739-3748. Meyer, A.M., J.J. Reed, T.L Neville, J.B. Taylor, C.J. Hammer, L.P. Reynolds, D.A. Redmer, K.A. Vonnahme, and J.S. Caton. 2010. Effects of nutritional plane and selenium supply during gestation on ewe and neonatal offspring performance, body composition, and serum selenium. Journal of Animal Science. 88:1786-1800. Knox, R.V., M. L. Day, G.S. Lewis, M.C. Lucy and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Triennial Reproduction Symposium: Challenges and opportunities facing livestock reproduction in the 21st century. Journal of Animal Science. 88(13 suppl): E193-E194. Funston, R.N., D.L. Larson, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Impacts of maternal nutrition on conceptus growth and offspring performance: Implications for beef cattle production. Journal of Animal Science Invited review. 88(13 suppl):E205-E215. Reynolds, L.P., P.P Borowicz, J.S. Caton, K.A. Vonnahme, J.S. Luther, C.J. Hammer, K.R. Maddock Carlin, A.T. Grazul-Bilska, and D.A. Redmer. 2010. Developmental programming: The concept, large animal models, and the key role of utero-placental vascular development. Journal of Animal Science. Invited review. 88(13 suppl.): E61-E72. Reynolds L. P., P. P Borowicz, J. S. Caton, K. A. Vonnahme, J. S. Luther, D. S. Buchanan, S. A. Hafez, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, and D. A. Redmer. 2010. Utero-placental vascular development and placental function: An update. Invited review. Internat J. Develop. Biol., Special Issue Placental Developmental Biology, JS Hunt and KL Thornburg (eds.); 54:355-366. Lekatz, L.A., J.S. Caton, J.B. Taylor, L.P. Reynolds, D.A. Redmer, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Maternal selenium supplementation and timing of nutrient restriction in pregnant sheep: Impacts on maternal endocrine status and placental characteristics. Journal of Animal Science. 88:955-971. Lekatz, L. A., M. A. Ward, P. P. Borowicz, J. B. Taylor, D. A. Redmer, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, L. P. Reynolds, J. S. Caton, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Cotyledonary responses to maternal selenium and dietary restriction may influence alterations in fetal weight and fetal liver glycogen in sheep. Animal Reproduction Science. 117:216-225. Dahlen, C.R., S.L. Bird, C.A. Martel, KC Olson, J.S. Stevenson and G.C. Lamb. 2010. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin 7 days after fixed-time artificial insemination of suckled beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 88:2337-2345. Lamb, G.C., C.R. Dahlen, J.E. Larson, G. Marquezini and J.S. Stevenson. 2010. Control of the estrous cycle to improve fertility for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 88:E181-E192. Abstracts Presented at Scientific Meetings Camacho, L. E., L. A. Lekatz, M. L. VanEnom, C. S. Schauer, K. R. Maddock Carlin, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Effects of maternal metabolizable protein supplementation in late gestation on uterine and umbilical blood flows in sheep. American Society of Animal Science. Accepted abstract. Neville, T. L., L. A. Lekatz, T. J. Swanson, M. L. Van Emon, C. S. Schauer, K. R. Maddock Carlin, C. J. Hammer, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Effects of maternal metabolizable protein supply on fetal organ weights. American Society of Animal Science. Accepted abstract. Lekatz, L. A., M. L. Van Emon, P. K. Shukla, S. T. O'Rourke, C. S. Schauer, K. M. Carlin, K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Influence of metabolizable protein supplementation during late gestation on vasoreactivity of maternal and fetal placental arteries in sheep. American Society of Animal Science. Accepted abstract. Swanson, T. J., L. A. Lekatz, T. L. Neville, M. L. Van Enom, C. S. Schauer, K. R. Maddock Carlin, C. J. Hammer, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Effects of late gestation metabolizable protein (MP) supplementation on ewe organ and blood parameters. American Society of Animal Science. Accepted abstract. Magolski, J. D., W. L. Keller, T. M. Jeske, C. A. Schwartz, L. A. Lekatz, J. D. Kirsch, C. S. Schauer, K. A. Vonnahme, K. R. Maddock-Carlin. 2010. Effects of maternal metabolizable protein supplementation during late gestation on ovine fetal muscle calpain and calpastatin activities. American Society of Animal Science. Accepted abstract. Lekatz, L.A., P. Shukla, S. T. O'Rourke, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Estradiol-17² treatment enhances the sensitivity to bradykinin-induced relaxation of ovine uterine arteries. Society for the Study of Reproduction. Accepted Abstract. Harris, E. K., B.J. Bartling, T.L. Neville, J.D. Kirsch, J.D. Magolski, E.P. Berg, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Impact of maternal exercise on maternal body composition, fetal growth, and umbilical blood flow in the pig. Journal of Animal Science 88(E-Suppl. 3): 27. Wilmoth, T.A., A.M. Meyer, M.E. Wilson, J.S. Caton, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Nutrient restriction from early to late pregnancy decreases circulating insulin like growth factor-1concentrations in pregnant ewe lambs receiving maintenance or undernourishment. Journal of Animal Science 88(E-Suppl. 3): 31. Lekatz, L.A., T.L. Neville, D.A. Redmer, L.P. Reynolds, J.S. Caton, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Supranutritional selenium and nutritional plane during gestation do not affect cortisol production in lambs. Journal of Animal Science 88(E-Suppl. 3): 38. Lemley, C.O., L. R. Tager, T.A. Wilmoth, K.M. Krause, and K.A. Vonnahme. Progesterone clearance in dairy cows fed an insulin stimulating diet. 2010. INVITED ADSA YOUNG DAIRY SCHOLAR. Journal of Animal Science 88(E-Suppl. 3): 81. Camacho, L.E., A.M. Meyer, D. M. Hallford, G. Perry, L.P. Reynolds, J.S. Caton, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Effects of nutritional plane and dietary selenium during gestation on serum prolactin and estradiol-17² (E2) in ewe lambs during pregnancy and lactation. Journal of Animal Science 88(E-Suppl. 3): 82. Reynolds, L.P., P.P. Borowicz, J.S. Luther, C.J. Hammer, K.R. Maddock Carlin, A.T. Grazul-Bilska, J.S. Caton, D.A. Redmer, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. The role of placental programming in life-long health and productivity. INVITED. Journal of Animal Science 88(E-Suppl. 3): 84. Meyer, A.M. D.R. Montonye, J.J. Reed, L. P. Reynolds, D.A. Redmer, J.S. Caton, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Effects of nutritional plane and selenium supply during gestation on circulating non-esterified fatty acid and thyroid hormone concentrations in first parity ewe lambs. Journal of Animal Science 88(E-Suppl. 3): 96. Fry, S.I., A.M. Meyer, J.J. Reed, T.L. Neville, J.B. Taylor, L.P. Reynolds, D.A. Redmer, K.A. Vonnahme, and J.S. Caton. 2010. Effects of maternal nutritional plane and selenium supply on jejunal crypt cell proliferation and villous morphology in offspring at 20 days of age. Journal of Animal Science 88(E-Suppl. 3): 110. Jorgenson, C.M., P.P. Borowicz, J.S. Caton, D.A. Redmer, L.P. Reynolds, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Supranutritional selenium during pregnancy increases ovine mammary gland vascularity. Journal of Animal Science 88(E-Suppl. 3): 111. Jackson, C.G., E.K. Harris, K.A. Vonnahme, and E. P. Berg. 2010. Effects of maternal exercise during gestation on blood oxygen levels and gilt behavior. Journal of Animal Science 88(E-Suppl. 3): 112. South Dakota State University Abstract Perry, G. A., B. L. Perry, and C. A. Roberts. 2011. Estrous response following the PG 6-d CIDR protocol for heifer that do and do not exhibit estrus prior to CIDR insertion and its usefulness as a fixed-time AI protocol. J. Anim. Sci. (western ASAS) Walker, J. A., G. A. Perry, R. Salverson, P. Nester, C. S. Schauer, J. E. Held and K. C. Olson. 2011. Evaluating glycerin supplementation on reproductive performance of sheep. J. Anim. Sci. (western ASAS) Grant, J. K., P. Steichen, C. L. Wright, K. A. Vonnahme, M. L. Bauer, J. S. Jennings, and G. A. Perry. 2011. Influence of high nitrogen and sulfur intake on bovine uterine pH. J. Anim. Sci. ASAS. Perry, G. A. 2011. Harnessing basic knowledge of factors controlling puberty to improve synchronization of estrus and fertility in heifers. J. Anim. Sci. ASAS. Gonda, M. G., X. Fang, G. A. Perry, C. Maltecca. 2011. Comparison of commercially available Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay with serum neutralization for measuring Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus specific antibodies. J. Anim. Sci. ASAS. Marquezini, G. H. L. V. R. G. Mercadante1, J. S. Stevenson, G. A. Perry, and G. C. Lamb. 2011. Effect of 72 h temporary calf removal and/or equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) before timed AI on follicledevelopment, concentrations of LH and estradiol, and ovulation rate in suckled beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. ASAS. Walker, J.A., G. A. Perry, and K. C. Olson. 2011. Influence of propionate salt levels on young cow reproductive performance. J. Anim. Sci. ASAS. Perry, G. A., G.P. Rupp, and R.A. Cushman. 2011. Influence of bull development on fertility. J. Anim. Sci. (midwest ASAS) Steichen, P., J. K. Grant, C. L. Wright, G. A. Perry, K .A. Vonnahme, and M. L. Bauer. 2011. Effect of feeding high sulfur vs high crude protein diets on heifer growth and performance. J. anim. Sci. (midwest ASAS). Grant, J. K., and G. A. Perry. 2011. Uterine expression of Na+/H+ antiporters 1, 2, and 4 in beef cows from 60 to 96 hours following CIDR removal. J. anim. Sci. (midwest ASAS). University of Minnesota Journal Articles Bridges, G.A. and S.L. Lake. 2011. Comparison of the CIDR Select and Five Day Select Synch + CIDR protocols that included a limited estrous detection and timed insemination for synchronizing estrus in beef heifers. Professional Anim. Sci. 27:141-146. Bridges, G.A., M.L. Mussard, C.R. Burke, and M.L. Day. 2010. Influence of length of proestrus on fertility and endocrine function in female cattle. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 117:208-215. Day, M.L., M.L. Mussard, G.A. Bridges, and C.R. Burke. 2011. Controlling the dominant follicle in beef cattle to improve estrous synchronization and early embryonic development. In: Lucy, M.C., Pate, J.L., Smith, M.F. and Spencer, T.E. (eds.) Reproduction in Domestic Ruminants VII, Nottingham University Press, Nottingham, UK. pp 405-419. Abstracts G.A. Bridges, P.J. Gunn, and M.L. Day. 2011. The 5 day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol for facilitating timed-AI in cattle. Invited presentation at Midwest Sectional ASAS meetings. March 15, 2011. P.J. Gunn, R.P. Lemenager, and G.A. Bridges. 2011. Circulating concentrations of progesterone in ovariectomized beef heifers receiving a new, once-used, or twice-used CIDR for 5 days. Accepted. Midwest Sectional ASAS Meetings, March 2011. K.C. Culp, M.C. Claeys, R.P. Lemenager, C.P. Rusk, G.A. Bridges, and S.L. Lake. 2011. Effects of continual or step-up ractopamine hydrochloride supplementation on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of finishing steer. Accepted. Western Sectional ASAS Meetings, June 2011. G.A. Bridges, L.H. Cruppe, J.F. Currin, M.L. Day, P.J. Gunn, J.R. Jaeger, G.C. Lamb, A.E. Radunz, P. Repenning, J.S. Stevenson, J.C. Whittier, W.D. Whittier. 2011. Determination of the appropriate delivery of PGF2± in the 5-day CO-Synch + CIDR protocol in lactating beef cows. Accepted. To be presented at 2011 National ASAS Meetings, July 2011. P.J. Gunn, J.P. Schoonmaker, R.P. Lemenager, and G.A. Bridges. 2011. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating heifers: Impact on calving and pre-weaning progeny performance. Accepted. To be presented at 2011 National ASAS Meetings, July 2011. P.J. Gunn, J.P. Schoonmaker, R.P. Lemenager, and G.A. Bridges. 2011. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating heifers: Impact on milk production, composition, and fatty acid profile. Accepted. To be presented at 2011 National ASAS Meetings, July 2011. P.J. Gunn, J.P. Schoonmaker, R.P. Lemenager, and G.A. Bridges. 2011. Feeding distillers grains as an energy source to gestating and lactating heifers: Impact on ovarian function and reproductive efficiency. Accepted. To be presented at 2011 National ASAS Meetings, July 2011. McCann, M.A., J.M. Scheffler, S.P. Greiner, M.D. Hanigan, G.A. Bridges, S. L. Lake, J.M. Stevenson, H. Jiang, T.L. Scheffler, and D.E. Gerrard. 2011. Early metabolic imprinting events increase marbling scores in fed cattle. Accepted. To be presented at 2011 National ASAS Meetings, July 2011. Bischoff, K.M., T.E. Black, R.D. Estermann, G.A. Bridges, G.C. Lamb, and J.V. Yelich. 2011. Reproductive performance of replacement beef heifers when estrus was synchronized with progesterone (CIDR) for 5 or 7 d, GnRH, and PGF2±. Accepted. To be presented at 2011 National ASAS Meetings, July 2011. University of Nebraska Musgrave, J.A., L. A. Stalker, D. C. Adams, A. Applegarth, R. N. Funston. 2011. Temporary calf removal during late lactation reduces calf performance without affecting milk production. Prof. Anim. Sci. (in press) Johnson, S.K., R.N. Funston, J.B. Hall, D.J. Kesler, G.C. Lamb, J.W. Lauderdale, D.J. Patterson, G.A. Perry, and D.R. Strohbehn. 2011. Multi-state Beef Reproduction Task Force provides science-based recommendations for the application of reproductive technologies. J. Anim. Sci. (in press). Larson, D.M., A.S. Cupp, and R.N. Funston. 2011. Heifer development systems: A comparison of grazing winter range or corn residue. J. Anim. Sci. 89:2365-2372. Summers, A.F., K.H. Ramsay, and R.N. Funston. 2011. The effects of maternal nutrition on steer progeny performance. Prof. Anim. Sci. 27:251-256. Funston, R.N., and D.M. Larson. 2011. Heifer development systems: Dry lot feeding compared with grazing dormant winter forage. J. Anim. Sci. 89:1595-1602. Funston, R.N., D.M. Larson, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Impacts of maternal nutrition on conceptus growth and offspring performance: Implications for beef cattle production. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E. Suppl.):E205E215. Funston, R.N., J.L. Martin, D.C. Adams and D.M. Larson. 2010. Winter grazing system and supplementation of beef cows during late gestation influence heifer progeny. J. Anim. Sci. 88:4094-4101. Larson, D.M., R.D. Richardson, K.H. Ramsay, and R.N. Funston. 2010. Estrus synchronization and periconceptual supplementation affect the profitability of a replacement heifer enterprise. Prof. Anim. Sci. 26:527-533. Martin, J.L., D.M. Larson, H.L. Stroh, A.S. Cupp and R.N. Funston. 2010. Dietary crude protein source affects gain and follicle characteristics in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 88:937942. Funston, R.N. 2011. Nutritional aspects of developing replacement heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 89(e-Suppl. 2):494. (Abstr.) Funston, R.N. 2011. Implications of nutritional management for beef cow/calf systems. J. Anim. Sci. 89(e-Suppl. 2):699. (Abstr.) Funston, R.N., J.A. Musgrave T.L. Meyer, and D.M. Larson. 2011. Effect of calving period on ADG, reproduction, and first calf characteristics of heifer progeny. J. Anim. Sci. 89(e-Suppl. 2). (Abstr.) Meyer, T.L., Kelly Ranch, Sexing Technologies, ABS Global, J.M. McGrann, and R.N. Funston. 2011. Evaluating conventional and sexed semen in a commercial beef heifer development program. J. Anim. Sci. 89(e-Suppl. 2): . (Abstr.) Rolfe, K.M., L.A. Stalker, T.J. Klopfenstein, J.A. Musgrave, R.N. Funston. 2011. Influence of weaning date and pre-partum plane of nutrition on cow-calf productivity. J. Anim. Sci. 89(e-Suppl. 2): (Abstr.) Summers, A.F., S.P. Weber, T.L. Meyer, and R.N. Funston. 2011. Late gestation supplementation impacts primiparous beef heifers and progeny. J. Anim. Sci. 89(e-Suppl. 2):500. (Abstr.) Weber, S.P., A.F. Summers, T.L. Meyer and R.N. Funston. 2011. Impact of beef heifer development systems on ADG, reproduction, and feed efficiency. J. Anim. Sci. 89(e-Suppl. 2):500. (Abstr.) Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles Giordano, J. O., P. M. Fricke, M. C. Wiltbank, and V. E. Cabrera. 2011. Economic decision making support system for selection of reproductive management programs on dairy farms. J. Dairy Sci. (in press) Hackbart, K. S., R. M. Ferreira, A. A. Dietsche, M. T. Socha, R. D. Shaver, M. C. Wiltbank, and P. M. Fricke. 2010. Effect of organic zinc, manganese, copper, and cobalt on milk production, follicular growth, embryo quality, and tissue mineral concentrations in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 88:3856-3870. Bork, N. R., J. W. Schroeder, G. P. Lardy, K. A. Vonnahme, M. L. Bauer, D. S. Buchanan, R. D. Shaver, and P. M. Fricke. 2010. Effect of feeding rolled flaxseed on milk fatty acid profiles and reproductive performance of dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. 88:3739-3748. Grummer, R. R., M. C. Wiltbank, P. M. Fricke, R. D. Watters, and N. Silva del Rio. 2010. Management of dry and transition cows to improve energy balance and reproduction. J. Reprod. Dev. 56:S22-S28. Silva del Río, N., P. M. Fricke, and R. R. Grummer. 2010. Effects of twin pregnancy and dry period feeding strategy on milk production, energy balance and metabolic profiles in Holstein cows. J. Anim. Sci. 88:1048-1060. Chebel, R. C., M. J. Al-Hassan, P. M. Fricke, J. E. P. Santos, J. R. Lima, C. A. Martel, J. S. Stevenson, R. Garcia, and R. L. Ax. 2010. Supplementation of progesterone via CIDR inserts during ovulation synchronization protocols in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93:922-931. Abstracts presented at scientific meetings Branen, J.R., J. O. Giordano, C. Passavant, J. M. Howard, P. M. Fricke, and R. G. Sasser. 2011. Detection of early pregnancy and embryonic loss in dairy cows using BioPRYN and a new PSPB-based ELISA. J. Dairy Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 1):25. Bilby, T. R., R. G. Bruno, K. J. Lager, R. C. Chebel, R. C. Chebel2, J. G. N. Moraes, P. M. Fricke, G. Lopes, Jr., J. O. Giordano, J. E. P. Santos, F. S. Lima, J. S. Stevenson, and S. L. Pulley. 2011. Effects of supplemental progesterone and timing of initiation of resynchronization on fertility in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 1):88. Valenza, A., G. Lopes Jr., J. O. Giordano, J.N. Guenther, and P. M. Fricke. 2011. Assessment of an accelerometer system (Heatime®) for detection of estrus and timing of insemination in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 1):89.16 Lopes, G. Jr., J. O. Giordano, A. Valenza, M. M. Herlihy, J.N. Guenther, M. C. Wiltbank and P. M. Fricke. 2011. Effect of timing of initiation of Resynch and presynchronization with GnRH on fertility of resynchronized inseminations in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 1):237. Giordano, J. O., P. M. Fricke, M. C. Wiltbank, and V. E. Cabrera. 2011. Daily Markov-Chain simulation model for selection of reproductive management programs in dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 1):256. Giordano, J. O., M. C. Wiltbank, and P. M. Fricke. 2011. Endocrine and ovarian parameters associated with increased fertility after resynchronized timed artificial inseminations in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 1):342. Giordano, J.O., M. C. Wiltbank, and P. M. Fricke. 2011. Repeated exposure to human chorionic gonadotropin causes development of antibodies in some lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 94(E-Suppl. 1):594.