Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The meeting was held by teleconference on 07 June 2011 with officers Robert Zemetra (chair), Mark Brick (vice-chair) and Shawn Mehlenbacher (secretary).

The meeting was called to order at 8:25 am by chair Bob Zemetra.

Administrative Advisor's Report

(8:30 am) Ralph Cavalieri, W-6 administrative advisor (WSU)
The W-6 project is a multi-state project. Agricultural research has many unique responsibilities, in light of the international movement of pests and pathogens. The Directors of Agricultural Experiment Stations in the Western Region voted to maintain current-level funding for W-6, and expressed strong support for the project. The Washington legislature reduced funding of its state universities. At the federal level, a continuing resolution included an increase in Hatch funds. However the proposed budget from the president was lower, as was that of the U.S. House. The proposed budget for NIFA was 16% less than the current year.

(8:38 am) Andy Hammond, area director, USDA Pacific West Area (Albany, CA)
Germplasm and research are important to USDA, although resources will always be limiting for such a broad mandate. Many ARS stations are involved in germplasm research and preservation. Research is conducted in partnership with ARS and universities.
With the release of Roundup-Ready alfalfa cultivars, seed increase of alfalfa accessions in Prosser will be in insect-proof cages. Seed increase in the alfalfa collection may be moved to Central Ferry, which is an isolated location.
The president's proposed budget includes new initiatives as well as budget cuts. Proposed for cuts are $44 million in earmarks in the current (FY11) budget. The new station in Palmer, AK is proposed for closure. The budget proposed by the U.S. House of Representatives calls for $140 million (12%) in cuts. The U.S. Senate has not yet revealed a budget proposal.
Dan Parfitt asked about the Tomato Genetic Stocks Collection in Davis, which is funded by a special grant through NIFA. Ralph Cavalieri noted that the federal budget for FY12 cut all Specific Cooperative Agreements, and that administrators of such programs should make a case for retaining important programs, including demonstrated impacts of the programs.

(8:57 am) Peter Bretting, National Program Staff
Peter welcomed Dan Barney, the new curator of the collection in Palmer, AK. He also noted the medical retirement of Chuck Simon as curator of the grape collection in Geneva, NY. Chuck had previously worked for NPGS in Pullman and Davis. He further acknowledged the retirements of Steve Clement in Pullman and Doug Cook in Corvallis.
The switch to GRIN Global and its web interface is underway. It will be possible to upload and download data using Excel files.
The Citrus collection in Riverside is only in the field, and is vulnerable to attack by the very serious disease "citrus greening", also known as Huanglongbing or HLB, caused by a bacterium. There is a need to back up the collection. Research in Ft. Collins is in progress to cryopreserve citrus germplasm, and then use micrografting to recover plants. Disease therapy research is also in progress.
Peter noted the expanding collection of Brachypodium accessions in Pullman. Brachypodium is a model for the grasses and widely used in genomic studies. It has a small genome and a short life cycle.
National program 301 includes the National Plant Germplasm system. Project reviews, conducted every five years, were recently completed.
On the international scene, 1) the FAO treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture was signed in 2008 by President G.W. Bush. Hearings were conducted by a Senate committee, who later endorsed the treaty. But the Senate adjourned without voting on the treaty, and the procedure must be repeated. 2) The US is not a signatory of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), which is an instrument for access to plant germplasm and the sharing of benefits. The CBD covers everything not covered in the FAO treaty, and will formalize procedures for germplasm exchange. The Nagoya Protocol's "Guidelines on Access and Benefit-Sharing" is complicated and the wording ambiguous. Many countries are represented in these negotiations by Ministries of Environment. Brazil and Canada have Agriculture representatives.
Andy Hammond confirmed that the House subcommittee report agrees with the president's proposal to close facilities in ten locations, including Palmer, AK. Kim Hummer noted that the National Arboretum is supported, in part, by a foundation, and suggested that other parts of the NPGS could consider this.

Review and Approve 2010 Minutes
The minutes from the previous meeting in Geneva, NY were reviewed and discussed by the committee. After the correction, the minutes were approved unanimously.

Germplasm Repository Reports: (see attachments on the W-6 Homepage in the Additional Documents section for complete reports)

Aberdeen, ID. National Small Grains Collection.
Harold Bockelman did not participate in the meeting. A brief report was made available to the committee. The collection holds nearly 140,000 accessions. 44,000 samples were distributed in the past 12 months, one-third to foreign scientists. The ploidy levels of thousands of accessions are being estimated by flow cytometry. Wheat landraces are being evaluated in Kenya for reaction to the Ug99 race of stem rust. The Triticeae CAP is evaluating the core collections of wheat and barley.

Corvallis, OR. Joseph Postman and Kim Hummer. Doug Cook retired. Part of his work will be continued by a part-time IT person. Other staff will take over other responsibilities.
SCRI projects were approved for Ohelo berry, blueberry genetics, and black raspberry. The large RosBREED project was also funded; Nahla Bassil provides the genotyping data for the project. An SCRI proposal for peony was not funded.
Kim Hummer has been acting administrator for the station in Palmer, AK. The collections of Ribes and Mentha were transferred to Palmer AK, where 9 FTE are located. The Palmer site is co-located with a research station of the University of Alaska. If the USDA station in Palmer is closed, USDA will attempt to place permanent employees elsewhere in the system.
Joseph Postman presented a report for other activities at the Corvallis gene bank. The field collections of Pyrus and Corylus are being rejuvenated, and plants given new labels. The Cydonia collection (90 accessions) was genotyped. Evaluation identified 13 very cold-hardy accessions.
Graduate student Wambui Njuguna defended her Ph.D. thesis research on diversity in Fragaria. Graduate student Michael Dossett defended his Ph.D. thesis research on black raspberry.

Davis, CA John Preece
Prunus (2450 trees) was tested for presence of plumpox (sharka) virus. Cold-hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) accessions are growing well in Davis. In light of this, hardy kiwifruit accessions will be relocated from Corvallis to Davis. Grape accessions received from Foundation Plant Materials are being added to the screenhouse collection.
Research activities emphasize phenotyping and genotyping the collections. The fig collection is being repropagated. Many collections are being pruned. Almond germplasm was collected in Azerbaijan. When seedlings fruit, selections will be made for horticultural traits and genetic diversity.
The Davis Repository hosted an ISHS-sponsored meeting on Mediterraneean Crops.

Hilo, HI Francis Zee
Carol Riley was recognized by NPGS. New accessions of Vasconcellea, a relative of payapa, were added to the collection. They are maintained in the screenhouse. A study is underway on oriental fruit fly susceptibility in the guava collection.
Laurel wilt affects avocado in Florida. The avocado collection is being moved from Miami to Fort Detrick, and then to the field Hilo. The first shipment of avocado scions was received in 2010.
The SCRI-funded ohelo project is nearing completion. Three clones were selected for release, and were fingerprinted and cryopreserved in Corvallis. Two extension articles describe propagation, culture and management of ohelo. The selected ornamental clones were micropropagated by North American Plants (McMinnville, OR) and sent to a commercial nursery in Volcano, HI.

Palmer, AK Dan Barney
Dan moved to Alaska and started working on 27 Sept. 2010. State seed collections are now held at -20C. The in vitro collection of Mentha was moved to Palmer. Collections in Palmer include peony, rhubarb, Ribes, and 27 other genera. Mint, peony and rhubarb are maintained as clones, while others are maintained as seed. Half-high blueberry cultivars appear to be performing well on the Kenai peninsula. A study of peonies using SSR markers is in progress.

Parlier, CA Gabriela Romano
The Parlier station has increased its activity in the regeneration of seed lots: cereal grains, garlic, sunflower, cucurbits and lupines. Much of the work is on seed germination testing, updating records, and regenerating collections. For jojoba, seed collected in 1957-58 in Mexico was dead. For seed collected in the 1980's and 1990's, testing is continuing. The jojoba seeds were stored in Fort Collins, then in Pullman, and finally in Parlier. In previous years there was no site designated for regeneration in the field.
Parlier is the primary site for collections of Atriplex (saltbush), buffalo gourd, meadowfoam, pladderpod, devil's claw and Yucca.
A study on Brix in cactus fruits, and the data entered into GRIN.

Pullman, WA Jinguo Hu
The W-6 regional project provides about 15% of the Pullman station's budget. In 2010, the station shipped 22,000 seed packets to many countries. The station received the Phaseolus core collection from CIAT. There has been tremendous interest in the Brachypopdium collection housed at Pullman. Expansion of the Pullman airport jeopardizes some of the fields used to increase seed. Entomologist Steve Clement retired after more than two decades of research. The position was cut after Steve's retirement, and some of the salary savings used to purchase pollination tents for alfalfa seed increase in Prosser.

Riverside, CA Richard Lee
Richard Lee did not participate in the meeting, but his report was made available. As noted above, the citrus collection is vulnerable to citrus greening disease (HLB) and its psyllid vector. So far, greening has not been detected in California. Facilities improvements were noted. Research activities included the construction of BAC libraries for the greening bacterium and its insect vector. A taxonomic study was conducted in Citrus using DNA sequences at the malate dehydrogenase locus.

After lunch, state reports were presented.

State Reports: (see attachments on the W-6 project Homepage in the Additional Documents section for complete reports)

AK Dan Barney
State seed collections are now held at -20C. Days are very long in the summer. Alaska agriculture consists of small diversified farms and local markets. There is considerable interest in peonies - to sell to cruise ship passengers and as cut flowers for weddings.

CA Dan Parfitt
As usual, the list of germplasm users in California is long, and activities are very diverse. Request numbers and recipient responses were similar to prior years. The University of California is experiencing budget cuts. Funding to maintain the Tomato Genetic Stock Collection in Davis is uncertain. The California Genetic Resources Program led by Cal Qualset was closed 1.5 years ago. There was some recipient interest in castor bean for genomics research, and as a biofuel crop. The California Rare Fruit Growers continue to be active users of fruit germplasm. Unusual germplasm uses include the use of seed samples as archival standards for archeological research.

CO Mark Brick
Two-thirds of the orders are for the seed lab in Ft. Collins. Lee Panella is evaluating sugar beet germplasm for resistance to curly top and Rhizoctonia. Abdel Berrada is evaluating safflower as a winter crop. Researchers at the NCGRP are conducting research on cryopreservation methods, and studying genetic relationships among species. Walter Messier received many accessions of Brassica and Glycine for genomics research.

ID Robert Zemetra
Joseph Kuhl will represent Idaho at the next W-6 meeting, as Dr. Zemetra is moving to a faculty position at Oregon State University (wheat breeding). Bob has served as Idaho's representative on the W-6 committee for 26 years. A large number of accessions of wheat and barley were requested in 2010, spurred by the Triticeae CAP which involves collection of phenotype data. Other studies in the cereal grains focus on disease susceptibility evaluations. J. Chen is evaluating wheat accessions for drought tolerance and nitrogen use efficiency. Gene flow between wheat and goatgrass continues to be studied. S. Hafez continues to evaluate sugar beet accessions for resistance to beet cyst nematodes.

MT Jack Martin
Triticum accessions represented 95% of the accessions requested in 2010. Many users were connected to the Triticeae CAP. Luther Talbert is mapping genes for drought tolerance in wheat. Nancy Blake is recording phenotype data of wheat accessions. Mike Giroux requested representatives of each of the three genome donors of hexaploid wheat for a study of the evolution of the Ha locus.

OR Shawn Mehlenbacher
In the hazelnut breeding and genetics program, Shawn Mehlenbacher's Ph.D. student Kahraman Gürcan developed 180 new microsatellite markers for hazelnut. Twenty years of eastern filbert blight susceptibility data were summarized. Ph.D. student Vidyasagar Sathuvalli identified new sources of eastern filbert blight resistance. The incompatibility alleles in new selections from southern Russia, Crimea (Ukraine), Armenia, Iran, and Turkey were identified.
Patrick Hayes requested a large number of barley accessions for stripe rust susceptibility evaluation.
Jim Myers released a tomato line with purple skin as new cultivar 'Indigo Rose'. White mold resistance research continues. Shawna Zimmerman's M.S. thesis research was on the transfer of resistance from Phaseolus coccineus to P. vulgaris. Severe segregation distortion was observed in segregating progenies.
Chad Finn's Ph.D. student Micahel Dossett surveyed black raspberry accessions and identified sources of resistance to the aphid Amphorophora agathonica, a virus vector. Genetic diversity in newly-collected wild germplasm shows tremendous potential for breeding improved cultivars. Chad Finn is evaluating strawberry germplasm as part of the RosBREED project.
Several seed companies used the NPGS as sources of parent material for their breeding programs and as standards in PVP trials.

WA Carol Miles
Carol is the new Washington State University W-6 committee representative and this was her first meeting. Of the germplasm recipients in Washington state (total of 169 requests and approx. 6,000 samples received), 85% are researchers. Only 2 germplasm recipients reported publications that included germplasm they received in 2010; recipients are more likely to have publications from material received in previous years, and letter to recipients next year will include this revision. One recipient (Markus Keller) requested permission to distribute propagation material of Actinidia arguta to interested parties once he has sufficient/adequate data; the committee indicated this is permissible as the material is in the public domain and has no restrictions.

The W-6 committee plans to meet in Corvallis during the third week of June 2012. Kim Hummer and Joseph Postman are the hosts.

Resolutions (sent by Bob Zemetra to the W-6 committee by e-mail on July 6)

Resolution 1. The W-6 Technical Committee thanks Dr. Jinguo Hu and the staff of theW-6 Plant introduction Station in Pullman, Washington especially Gwen Pentecost and Jannis Bacani for their efforts in organizing the W-6 teleconference/meeting.
Motion to approve by Jack Martin. Second by Shawn Mehlenbacher. Passed unanimously.

Resolution 2. The W-6 Technical Committee thanks Dr. Steve Clement for his many years of service as the entomologist for the W-6 Plant Introduction Station.
Motion to approve by Jack Martin. Second by Carol Miles. Passed unanimously.

Resolution 3. The W-6 Technical Committee is concerned that the current and proposed reduction in federal funding will negatively impact the National Plant Germplasm Systems ability to fulfill its mission and compromise the food security of the United States by reducing its ability to respond to future biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, it will retard the development of new crops, thereby limiting America's ability to remain competitive in the global market. Be it resolved that all efforts be made to minimize any reduction in funding for the National Plant Germplasm System.
Motion to approve by Mark Brick. Second by Shawn Mehlenbacher. Passed 6 in favor, 1 opposed.

Motion to adjourn by Dan Parfitt, seconded by Shawn Mehlenbacher. Passed unanimously

Meeting adjourned at 5:00 pm

1. We distributed a total of 22,212 seed packets (15,434 accessions) to 739 individuals from 46 countries in 983 seed orders. Among them, 13,083 (59%) packets were sent to addresses in the USA and 9,129 (41%) packets to foreign countries. Researchers and residents in the Western 13 states requested and received 7,209 seed samples from W6 PI station, which is approximately 14.3% of the 50,412 samples that they requested from the National Plant Germplasm System in 2010.

2. We acquired 3,524 new accessions including 1,353 Phaseolus from CIAT (Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical) in Cali, Colombia, 1,249 native plant accessions from the Seed of Success (SOS) project, and 211 Brachypodium distachyon from two US research labs and 174 Lupinus from Germany. As of December 31, 2010, the germplasm collection at Pullman, Washington included 87,441 accessions belonging to 826 genera, 3,734 species. Approximately 63,000 PI accessions are backed up at the National Center for Genetic Resources Preservation (NCGRP), Fort Collins, Colorado.

3. We determined the quantities of 10,673 inventories by weighing the stored seeds. We carried out germination tests on 2,362 inventories and recorded the viability data. We regenerated 2,908 inventories from a broad range of plant species and the seeds were packed and stored. We, both independently and in collaboration with others, conducted evaluation and observation on 20 different crops. We entered 45,092 observation data points of 168 descriptors on 9,876 accessions into the GRIN database in 2010.

4. Horticultural Crops Curator Barbara Hellier conducted successfully a plant expedition trip in Morocco with Dr. Lee Panella, Research Leader for the Sugarbeet Research Unit in the ARS Crops Research Laboratory in Fort Collins, CO. This trip was sponsored by the Plant Exchanging Office and took place from Jun 9 to 26. They brought back 31 wild sugarbeet accessions (16 new accessions of Beta vulgaris ssp maritima and 15 of Patellifolia patellaris, formerly Beta patellaris, which is part of the tertiary gene pool for sugar beet), which extended the diversity of our sugarbeet collection.

5. Phaseolus Germplasm Collection Curator Molly Welsh made a collection trip to Florida with Karen Williams of the USDA-ARS Plant Exchange Office, Beltsville, MD. They collected six seed samples, five of which belong to P. polystachios subsp. polystachios and one sample is identified as P. polystachios subsp. sinuatus. These collected wild bean species native to the United States filled a gap in our collection.

6. Research Agronomist Richard Johnson completed a study of assessing and mapping genetic variation in relation to climatic variables for the Great Basin forb, tapertip onion. Nine basic seed zones were recognized with complicated statistical models fitting plant traits to climatic variables of 53 locations in the Great Basin. These seed zones provide guidelines for selecting seed sources to restore landscapes of the rangelands in the Great Basin.

7. Research Plant Pathologist Frank Dugan isolated white rot pathogen, Sclerotium cepivorum, from a garlic sample collected in Moscow, ID. This is the first report of this devastating disease for all Allium species including onions, garlic, leeks, chives and wild onions in eastern Washington and northern Idaho. We are implementing necessary precautions to prevent our fields from becoming infected since WRPIS maintain germplasm of garlic and wild onions.

8. Research Entomologist Steve Clement completed a two-year study to quantify the extent of dry bulb mite infestation levels in the U.S. garlic germplasm collection. It was found that dry bulb mite in a serious problem for our garlic collection and that hardneck garlic accessions are more severely affected than softneck accessions. In addition, he set up a collaborative fumigation trial with USDA-ARS entomologist Steven Tebbets at Parlier, California to mitigate damaging mite infestations by fumigation. Initial results showed that moderate exposures to methyl bromide gas could reduce the number of live mites on fumigated bulbs but did not eliminate mites. More experiments are planned to control the dry bulb mite in our garlic collection.<9> 9. Geneticist Ted Kisha, in collaboration with Professor Christopher S. Cramer of New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, evaluated 38 short-day onion accessions using microsatellite and targeted region amplified polymorphic molecular markers. Newly acquired germplasm accessions were compared with existing accessions in the collection to determine differences and redundancies. They reported that both marker types distinguished differences and found similarities, but the results did not always agree; and that TRAP markers were more efficient, uncovering about 10 random polymorphic loci per primer pair, while microsatellite markers each uncovered differences at a single locus.

10. Supervisory Research Geneticist Jinguo Hu and Research Associate Soon-Jae Kwon, in collaboration with the Genome Center of the University of California at Davis, designed and tested a custom OPA (Oligo Pool All), LSGermOPA, for assessing the genetic diversity and population structure of the lettuce germplasm collection using Illuminas GoldenGate assay. This OPA contains 384 EST (Expressed Sequence Tag)-derived SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) markers selected from a large set of experimentally-validated and mapped SNP markers. Genotyping results of 480 lettuce germplasm samples indicated that LSGermOPA was capable of revealing sufficient levels of polymorphism among lettuce cultivars and is appropriate for rapid assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in the lettuce germplasm collection. Additional accomplishments can be found in individual station and State reports on the W-6 Homepage at: http://lgu.umd.edu/lgu_v2/homepages/attachs.cfm?trackID=11296

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