Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

1. Introductions The Chair, Marcia Endres, called the meeting to order, welcomed participants, and made introductory remarks. 2. Administrative report " Administrative advisor update Ernie Minton " Rewrite project was approved " There are 14 members in the new project 3. Station reports Michigan State University (MSU)  Janice Siegford " J. Swanson is interim Department chair. " The animal welfare and behavior group (Swanson, Siegford and Heleski) has one post-doctoral associate, 3 PhD and 2 MS students (one just completed program) " The group hosted another successful Animal Welfare Judging and Assessment Competition. Multiple NC-1029 members are involved in training participants and acting as judges for this annual competition. 2010 was the 10th year anniversary  competition held Nov 20-21, 2010. " Teaching: Siegford: Applied Animal Behavior & Animal Welfare Assessment; Heleski: Horse Behavior and Welfare, 2 welfare judging classes, and 2 yr ag tech horse classes; Swanson: Contemporary Issues " Co-hosted zoo animal welfare forum with Detroit Zoo in January " Presented work at Ag & Human Values conference (bioethics and pig production) " Served on AVMA welfare curriculum committee " Developing APHIS modules for NVAP on welfare " Research underway on USDA AFRI (2009, Siegford et al) on developing a sensor to monitor laying hen activity and resource use " Research underway on large comparative housing commercial laying hen project (2010, Karcher et al) " Research starting on evaluating health and behavior of dairy cows on pasture during transition (Siegford & Karcher, 2010) " Research starting on facilitating nest use by turkeys " Research nearing completion on correlating behavior, temperament traits, meat quality and phenotype in cattle " Research on cervical pain and riding in horses " Fear testing for swine started at Purdue, then Guelph, then IA State, then Michigan State. Manuscript draft is being written by Marchant-Forde. Kansas State University  Lily Edwards " Edwards has 2 graduate students in animal science, 2 in veterinary school " Feedlot cattle response to routine exercise; 8 week study; Sedentary vs Exercise (n = 15); Exercise 3 x per week (20 min à 40 min); Blood sample at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks " EEG during castration in dairy calves; USDA grant; castration at three different ages, different methods of castration. Question on methodology  is EEG the best way of evaluating pain? Maybe measuring more perception of pain, rather than physiological differences. They are also taking many other measurements, such as cortisol concentrations, behavior during and after, etc. EEG is more exploratory, need to evaluate how it would work. " One of the aims focuses on the variable of surgical technique and will compare EEG responses with 10 additional measurements of pain and distress in lightweight and heavyweight calves undergoing two forms of surgical or non-surgical (banding) castration. " Another study on the effects of meloxicam, gabapentin, a combination of meloxicam with gabapentin, or flunixin to provide different levels of analgesia to manage pain in cattle due to the routine husbandry procedure of dehorning. " Comparative pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of oral meloxicam when administered pre-emptively vs. at the time of a routine animal husbandry procedure USDA-ARS  Jeremy Marchant-Forde " Group has 6 graduate students and 2 post-doctoral associates. " This year they have conducted experiments on: 1) role of oxytocin in social behavior of swine, 2) Lameness in sows, 3) effects of Agrado, an Antioxidant, on chicken welfare, and 4) Action-reaction: using Markov analysis to elucidate social behavior when unacquainted sows are mixed. " Their research provided the first evidence that oxytocin is able to attenuate social separation distress in farm animals. Intranasal administration represents an appealing non-invasive method to study the effect of neuropeptides on the behavior and welfare of animals. Research on oxytocin can help us understand the social behavior of domestic animals and implement practices that meet their social and psychological needs. " With sows mixed in groups, 46.5% of no response/pause behaviors were followed by bites indoors, whereas, 30.4% were followed by bites outdoors. In the other direction, 39.7% of bites indoors were preceded by no response/pause behaviors, as opposed to 8.5% outdoors. Break was preceded by withdrawal/head tilt 61.1% of times outdoors but only 15.6% of times indoors. Overall, the results indicate that, indoors, ignoring or trying to avoid the other sow did not necessarily diffuse the interaction, given the limited space, whereas outdoors, sows were able to use the space to effectively end aggression. The information derived from this study furthers our understanding of factors that may promote or ameliorate aggression in different mixing environments. University of Minnesota  Marcia Endres " Y. Li studies focusing on effects of maternal fear on piglet mortality in loose farrowing systems. Results indicate that fear of people in sows increased with parity and the progress of gestation. However, sow fear was not associated with piglet mortality in loose farrowing systems. No differences in prolactin and cortisol concentration in plasma were observed between fearful and less fearful sows, suggesting that fear in sows was not related to circulating concentrations of prolactin or cortisol pre- and post-farrowing. " Other studies included effect of parity on pre-weaning mortality and growth performance of piglets in a bedded, group farrowing system, effect of lactation housing (group or stalls) on growth performance of pigs, and effects of previous housing in large groups on behavior of growing pigs at mixing. " M. Endres summarized a prospective cohort study describing facility layout and management, environmental quality, and animal performance and welfare on two new types of dairy facilities and naturally ventilated freestall barns. " Another cohort study is describing the epidemiology of lameness (i.e. incidence of, risk factors for, and consequences of new lameness events) in dairy cows housed in these three housing systems is ongoing. " Another study documented and described the use of recycled manure solids for bedding in the upper Midwest, evaluated animal welfare, investigated risk factors for high somatic cell counts, and evaluated best management practices when using manure solids for bedding is being completed. " A study is in progress to investigate herd risk factors associated with increased dairy cow mortality in the upper Midwest region. " A study to determine the impact of stocking density and number of group changes prepartum on well-being, social behavior, innate immunity, health, milk production, and reproductive performance of dairy cows is ongoing. " Li has 1 PhD and Endres has 2 PhD and 2 MS students (one just completed program) Discussion on completion of current NC1029 objectives a. Pigs " Testing has been completed at Purdue University, University of Guelph, Michigan State University, and Iowa State University. " Marchant-Forde solicited data for the manuscript from all participants. Statistical analysis has been completed. Goal is to submit for publication in the Journal of Animal Science. b. Poultry " Newberry and Mench could submit a manuscript on the factor analysis overall for poultry. c. Ruminants (Goats) " L. Katz and J. Mench have conducted fear testing of goats. A manuscript on their study will be submitted. d. Fear test overall summarization could be submitted for board review article in Journal of Animal Science. 2) Future plans for committee a. Renewal of committee and discussion of future objectives " Submission of full renewal proposal was done by December 1, 2010. " Project has been approved " Some members have not signed up for new project " Some collaborations have started 3) Business meeting a. Elections " A. Johnson was elected to succeed M. Endres as Chair. " C. Tucker was elected to succeed A. Johnson as Secretary. b. Scheduling the 2012 meeting " Possible options: Have it in combination with another meeting at Iowa State " Poll participants about preferred location via email " Need conference calling capability for members who cant afford to travel to meeting site Additional minutes of meeting held at JAM meetings Tuesday 13th July 2010: Attendees: Marcia Endres (University of Minnesota) Anna Johnson (Iowa State University) Don Lay (USDA-ARS) Cassandra Tucker (University of California Davis) Ruth Newberry (Washington State University) Ted Friend (Texas A & M) Lily Edwards (Kansas State University) Richard Reynnells (USDA-ARS) Brenda Alexander (University of Wyoming) Ken Anderson  audited the meeting (North Carolina State University) Agenda 1. Introductions 2. Administrative report for the 2006-2011 cycle 3. Topics for the rewrite for the 2011-2016 cycle Introductions

Short-term Outcomes: UC-Davis has begun evaluating fear tests on commercial poultry farms. These tests include some of those used under experimental conditions (e.g. the inversion test) as well as those developed by the EU Welfare Quality Assurance project (human approach test; novel object test). Tests were conducted on two commercial broiler farms where the birds were grown under different lighting conditions (1 lux or 20 lux daytime light). As in the experimental studies, birds grown under higher light intensity conditions were more fearful on the inversion test; they also responded more fearfully to human approach. It is unclear from this study whether this represents a difference in underlying fearfulness or is simply due to the different illumination conditions during testing. Studies are also underway on commercial laying hen farms, evaluating changes in fearfulness in different housing systems over the laying cycle. Studies at Kansas State University have begun to develop a pain model in cattle using castration. Researchers have compared behavioral and physiological responses of pain and distress in calves of three age/weight classes undergoing surgical castration. Additionally, these same responses have been assessed in calves of two age/weight classes and three different castration techniques (banding; surgical castration/cut and pull; surgical castration/cut and clamp). It was determined that age does impact the way in which an animal responds to pain in measurements such as electroencephalograms, cortisol and behavior. Preliminary analyses of variables such as cortisol have not indicated a difference between castration methods. These studies have also begun to assess the effectiveness of a variety of both behavioral and physiological measurements (e.g. changes in activity, tail flicks, foot stomps, cortisol, thermography, etc.) in the assessment of pain in livestock. Additionally, two studies exploring various methods of pain relief from dehorning were conducted. Currently, preliminary analyses are being done on those two datasets. Studies at the University of Minnesota focused on effects of maternal fear on piglet mortality in loose farrowing systems. Results indicate that fear of people in sows increased with parity and the progress of gestation. However, sow fear was not associated with piglet mortality in loose farrowing systems. No differences in prolactin and cortisol concentration in plasma were observed between fearful and less fearful sows, suggesting that fear in sows was not related to circulating concentrations of prolactin or cortisol pre- and post-farrowing. Others studies at U of M focused on improving welfare of dairy cows. J. Siegford and J. Swanson (MSU) assisted in the generation of data for a commercial scale project involving housing of laying hens as well as for objectives in a 2009 USDA AFRI grant related to using a wireless body-mounted sensor to monitor behavior and resource use in laying hens. Both projects will help understand the impact of housing systems on laying hen welfare to the benefit of laying hens and producers. C. Heleskis work on assessing the welfare of horses and donkeys will lead to improved methods of assessing welfare of these animals, particularly in areas where they are used as working animals. The work of the team with the Animal Welfare Judging and Assessment Competition helps students develop the skills necessary to assess animal welfare and to communicate effectively about controversial issues. Work at ISU has focused on applied farm animal well-being and has identified three core research areas that have enormous impact in the well-being of the animal, the safety of the product and the application of accountability throughout the entire food chain. These three research areas are directed towards (1) maintenance (feeding and drinking) behaviors of farm animals, (2) handling and system design for the finisher pig and (3) sow productive lifetime. Through these projects ISU is developing a thorough understanding of how individual and groups of farm animals can cope, adapt and perform under a variety of different housing and management systems. The species included in the USDA-ARS mission of the livestock behavior unit include dairy, swine and poultry. This year ARS has conducted experiments on: 1) Role of oxytocin in social behavior of swine, 2) lameness in sows, 3) the effects of Agrado, an antioxidant, on chicken welfare, and 4) Action-reaction: using Markov analysis to elucidate social behavior when unacquainted sows are mixed. Oxytocin was more potent in females than castrated males possibly due to an estrogen influence. This is the first evidence that oxytocin is able to attenuate social separation distress in farm animals. Intranasal administration represents an appealing non-invasive method to study the effect of neuropeptides on the behavior and welfare of animals. Research on oxytocin can help us understand the social behavior of domestic animals and implement practices that meet their social and psychological needs. Results of the study on mixing sows indicate that, indoors, ignoring or trying to avoid the other sow did not necessarily diffuse the interaction, given the limited space, whereas outdoors, sows were able to use the space to effectively end aggression. The information derived from this study furthers our understanding of factors that may promote or ameliorate aggression in different mixing environments. J. Peralta is course leader in Veterinary Issues course at the College of Veterinary Medicine at Western University of Health Sciences. This is a mandatory two year course that all our veterinary students have to take during years 1 and 2 of the program. The course meets during Fall and Spring semesters for two hours once a week with each class. A total of 207 students took the course this year (106 first years and 101 second years). This course introduces the students to the analysis of issues related to animals and their interaction with humans, and includes sections in ethics and animal welfare. Current topics related to companion animals, production species, horses, wildlife and laboratory animals are discussed. This will prepare our students to engage in discussions with the public on animal issues. Work at the University of Wyoming showed that seeking behavior in the ewe increases as serum concentrations of testosterone decrease in the ram. This behavior may help insure pregnancy when sexual interest in the ram has diminished. Another study showed that expression of normal sexual behavior may be dependent on an intact SDN-POA (sexually dimorphic nucleus of the preoptic area). Effects of lesion on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis remain to be determined. Outputs: A manuscript on the results of the collaborative work of the NC1029 committee on swine fear tests is being prepared. Goal is to submit to the Journal of Animal Science before the end of this calendar year. Three datasets were collected at KSU this year on studies exploring pain response and alleviation in cattle. From the work performed on pain, 2 publications have been submitted to peer-reviewed journals and 2 are in-progress. Several talks have been given by KSU researchers affiliated with this project throughout KS and the US on the issue of pain in livestock. From these talks, several small studies have been organized and begun with local producers who through this research have seen the need to address issues of pain in livestock. Three graduate students have additionally enrolled at KSU to continue work in this area. The MSU Animal Behavior and Welfare Group published 2 peer-reviewed journal articles, 1 book chapter, and 4 lay press articles. In addition, the group delivered a total of 11 presentations at scientific and professional conferences. University of Minnesota (Y. Lis group) presented three abstracts regarding sow fear and piglet mortality in loose housing systems at National Animal Science Annual Meetings, Midwestern Animal Science Annual Meetings, and the ISAE International Meeting. Three peer-reviewed articles, thirteen abstracts, and various proceedings and lay press articles were published by M. Endres et al. (U of MN). J. Peralta has been involved in training sessions on humane euthanasia of young calves in Southern California. The possibility of developing some training material, perhaps something online or in a DVD that could be available to producers across the country has been discussed. Also working in the development of material to be made available to first-time adopters at animal shelters. It is expected that by providing information to adopters the amount of animals that are brought back to the shelter because of problems adjusting to the presence of the animals at home will be reduced. Activities: Three large research studies were conducted this year at KSU. Several smaller additionally ones were also begun. Next year, work will continue and collaboration will be begun between KSU and ISU stations. J. Siegford and J. Swanson (MSU) were part of a team collecting data related to assessing the impact of housing systems on laying hen behavior and welfare and data related to development of a wireless sensor to detect hen activity and behavior. C. Heleski, J. Siegford and J. Swanson (MSU) hosted the 10th Annual Collegiate Animal Welfare Judging and Assessment Competition at MSU on November 20-21, 2010. Eighteen teams competed, representing 9 universities with 78 participants in 3 divisions: undergraduate, graduate and veterinary students. They are currently preparing to host the 11th competition in November, 2011. C. Heleski also participated in several conferences and activities aimed at developing protocols and procedures for assessing horse welfare. J. Siegford participated in several activities related to training students and veterinarian to understand and accurately assess animal welfare. Y. Li (U of MN) analyzed prolactin, cortisol, and oxytocin concentration in plasma of fearful sows and less fearful sows. Statistical analysis of the data is in progress. J. Peralta was recently appointed to serve in the American Veterinary Medical Association Animal Welfare Model Curriculum Planning Group. The mission of this committee is to propose an animal welfare curriculum that could be implemented in different veterinary schools. This will facilitate the exposure that veterinary students have to animal welfare science and its practical assessment and will ensure that the material that they are exposed to is more uniform among different veterinary training programs. Milestones: Analysis has been completed at KSU on the research focusing on age differences in pain response associated with castration. From this analysis, two manuscripts are in-progress and will be submitted prior to the end of the calendar year. Numerous abstracts and talks have been given on data compiled from this study. An additional manuscript will also be written and submitted prior to the next annual meeting (if not before the end of this year). Data analysis has begun for the projects exploring castration method and pain alleviation associated with dehorning. One abstract from the castration project has already been submitted. A minimum of three papers from these projects will be submitted prior to the next annual meeting. Planning is beginning for a project exploring pain alleviation associated with castration for Spring 2012. The first set of data collected by J. Siegford, J. Swanson (MSU) from the commercial scale project assessing the impact of housing on laying hen welfare is currently being decoded. The second year of data collected by the same investigators for a USDA AFRI grant related to the development of a wireless body-mounted sensor for detecting behavior and resource use in laying hens is now being analyzed. The ability of the wireless sensor to detect hen location has been verified and a peer-reviewed article published documenting this work.

Peer-reviewed publications & book chapters Appleby, M.C., Mench, J.A., Olsson, I.A.E., Hughes, B.O. (eds.) 2011. Animal Welfare. CAB International, U.K. Chapinal, N., de Passillé, A.M., Rushen, J. and Tucker, C.B. 2011. Short communication: Measures of weight distribution and frequency of steps as indicators of restless behavior. Journal of Dairy Science 94:800-803. Heleski CR, Murtazashvili, I. 2010. Daytime shelter seeking behavior in domestic horses. Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research. 5: 276-282. Heleski CR, McLean AK, Swanson JC. 2010. Ch. 13 Practical Methods for Improving the Welfare of Horses, Donkeys and Other Working Draught Animals in Developing Areas in Improving Animal Welfare: a Practical Approach, edited by Temple Grandin, CABI, Wallingford, UK. Krebs, N., Berry, S.L. and Tucker, C.B. 2011. Restless behavior increases over time, but not with compressibility of the flooring surface, during forced standing at the feed bunk. Journal of Dairy Science 94:97-105. Lay DC, Fulton RM, Hester PY, Karcher DM, Kjaer JB, Mench JA, Mullens BA, Newberry RC, Nicol CJ, O'Sullivan NP, Porter RE. 2010. Hen welfare in different housing systems. Poult Sci, 90(1): 278-94. Ledgerwood, D.N., Winckler, C. and Tucker, C.B. 2010. Evaluation of data loggers, sampling intervals, and editing techniques for measuring the lying behavior of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 93:5129-5139. Legrand, A., Schütz, K.E. and Tucker, C.B. 2011. Using water to cool cattle: Behavioral and physiological changes associated with voluntary use of cow showers. Journal of Dairy Science 94:3376-3386. Lombard, J.E., Tucker, C.B., von Keyserlingk, M.A.G., Kopral, C.A. and Weary, D.M. 2010. Associations between cow hygiene, hock injuries, and free stall usage on US dairy farms. Journal of Dairy Science 93:4668-4676. Makagon MM, Mench JA. 2011. Floor laying by Pekin ducks: effects of nest box ratio and design. Poult Sci, 90(6): 1179-84. Makagon, M.M., Tucker, C.B. and Mench, J.A. 2011. Factors affecting nest choice by Pekin ducks. Applied Animal Behaviour Science 129:121-128. Mench JA, Sumner DA, Rosen-Molina JT. 2010. Sustainability of egg production in the United States--the policy and market context. Poult Sci, 90(1): 229-40. Quwaider M, Daigle CL, Biswas SK, Siegford JM, Swanson JC. 2010. Development of a wireless body-mounted sensor to monitor activity and location of laying hens in a non-cage housing system. T ASABE 53(5):1705-1713. Schütz, K.E., Rogers, A.R., Cox, N.R., Webster, J.R. and Tucker, C.B. 2011. Dairy cattle prefer shade over sprinklers: Effects on behavior and physiology. Journal of Dairy Science 94:273-283. Shane, E.M., M.I. Endres, and K.A. Janni. 2010. Alternative bedding materials for compost bedded pack barns in Minnesota: A descriptive study. Appl. Eng. Agric. 26:465-473. Shane, E.M., M.I. Endres, D.G. Johnson, and J.K. Reneau. 2010. Bedding options for an alternative housing system for dairy cows: A descriptive study. Appl. Eng. in Agric. 26:659-666. Schütz, K.E., Rogers, A.R., Poulouin, Y., Cox, N.R. and Tucker, C.B. 2010. The amount of shade influences the behavior and physiology of dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 93:125-133. Schütz, K.E., Clark, K.V., Cox, N.R., Matthews, L.R. and Tucker, C.B. 2010. Responses to short-term exposure to simulated rain and wind by dairy cattle: time budgets, shelter use, body temperature and feed intake. Animal Welfare 19:375-383. Swanson JC, Mench JA, Thompson PB. 2010. Introduction--the Socially Sustainable Egg Production project. Poult Sci, 90(1): 227-8. Sumner, D.A., Matthews, W.A., Mench, J.A., Rosen-Molina, J.T. 2010. The economics of regulations on hen housing in California. Journal of Applied Agricultural Economics, 42: 429-438. Abstracts, presentations & lay press articles Agnew DW, Daigle CL, Siegford JM, Heleski CR, Swanson JC. 2010. Virtual animal welfare assessment: a tool for developing international proficiency. Wildlife Conservation, Health, and Disease Management - a Post-Millenium Approach. February, 3-5, 2010. Chennai, India. Alexander, B.M., K.C. Otto, K.J. Austin. 2011. Ram and ewe reproductive behavior and serum testosterone during the early and mid- breeding season. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (suppl). And Rocky Mountain Reproduction Sciences Symposium Alexander, B.M. D.C. Skinner, A.J. Mirto, C.E. Roselli. 2011. The Ovine Sexually Dimorphic Nucleus of the Preoptic Area: Functional Significance. Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology (Queretaro, Mexico) Bergamasco, L., L.N. Edwards, N.Bello, S.Mueting, C.Cull, R.Mosher and J.F. Coetzee. 2011. Castration as a model for studying pain-triggered cardiac physiology in growing calves. Accepted to International Society of Applied Ethology Conference. Indianapolis, IN. Coetzee, J.F., L.N.Edwards, R.Mosher, N.Bello, A.M.OConnor, B.Wang, B.KuKanich and D.A.Blasi. 2011. Journal of Animal Science, 2011 National ASAS Meeting, New Orleans, LA. Daigle CL, Carter S, Geise G, Siegford JM, Snider R, Swanson JC. 2010. Development of a zoo and university animal welfare working group in the state of Michigan. Proceedings of the 86th Association of Zoos and Aquariums Annual Conference. Daigle CL, Quwaider MQ, Siegford JM, Biswas SK, Swanson JC. 2010. Laying hen location and activity can be monitored in a non-cage environment using a wireless body-mounted sensor system. Proceedings of the 10th ISAE North American Regional Meeting, May 27-27, 2010 Pullman, WA. 10:22-23. Daigle CL, Quwaider MQ, Siegford JM, Biswas SK, Swanson JC. 2011. Monitoring laying hen location and activity using a wireless body-mounted sensor system. Proceedings of the Animal Welfare Forum: Zoo/University Partnerships in Applied Studies of Animal Welfare. January 23, 2011. Detroit Zoological Society, Detroit, MI. Edwards, L.N., J.F. Coetzee, N.Bello, R. Mosher, C.Cull and L.Bergamasco. 2011. Castration as a model for studying pain-triggered behavioral responses in growing calves. Accepted to International Society of Applied Ethology Conference. Indianapolis, IN. Endres, M.I. 2010. FARM dairy well-being program. In Proc. 4-State Dairy Nutr. and Manag. Conf., Dubuque, IA. Pg 95. Endres, M.I. 2010. Keeping your cows comfortable. In Proc. Midwest Dairy Expo, St. Cloud, MN. Pg 17-19. Endres, M.I. 2010. Use of recycled fiber bedding in freestall barns. Dairy Star, February 2010. Endres, M.I. 2010. Consumer concern for animal care is on the rise. Ag-News Wire, April 2010. Endres, M.I. 2010. Research on cow comfort. Dairy Star, August 2010. Endres, M.I. 2010. Stay ahead of the game with animal welfare. Genex Dairy Horizons, August 2010. Endres, M.I. 2010. Tell the positive story of your dairy farm. Ag-News Wire, October 2010. Endres, M.I. 2010. Dairy producers issues in 2010. eDairy Weekly Insider, October 2010. Endres, M.I. 2010. Transition cows 2010. Dairy Star, November 2010. Heleski CR. 2010. Invited presentation and abstract for the Midwest ASAS/ADSA Meeting. An update on horse welfare, contrasting the issues between developed countries and developing countries. Heleski C, Golab G, Millman S, Reynnells R, Siegford J, Swanson J. 2011. Review of the Animal Welfare Judging and Assessment Competition (AWJAC) through 2010. Poultry Science Association 2011 Annual Meeting. Husfeldt, A.W. and M.I. Endres. 2010. Association between stall surface and various welfare measurements on dairy herds utilizing recycled manure solids for bedding freestalls. J. Dairy Sci. 93(Suppl. 1):772. Jacobs JA, Siegford JM. 2010. Do cows adapt quickly to being milked by robots? Proceedings of the 44th International Congress of the ISAE. 44:215. Jacobs JA, Siegford JM. 2011. Do cows adapt quickly to being milked by an automatic milking system? Proceedings of the Animal Welfare Forum: Zoo/University Partnerships in Applied Studies of Animal Welfare. January 23, 2011. Detroit Zoological Society, Detroit, MI. Lobeck, K.M., M. I. Endres, E. M. Shane, S. M. Godden, and J. Fetrow. 2009. Animal welfare in cross-ventilated and naturally ventilated dairy barns in the upper Midwest USA. J. Dairy Sci. 92(Suppl. 1):334. Lobeck, K.M., M. I. Endres, E. M. Shane, S. M. Godden, and J. Fetrow. 2010. Associations between housing systems and animal welfare measurements assessed by survival analysis. J. Dairy Sci. 93(Suppl. 1):773. Lobeck, K.M., M.I. Endres, S.M. Godden, and J. Fetrow. 2010. Assessment of animal welfare in cross-ventilated vs. naturally ventilated freestall barns using survival analysis. In Proc. Minn. Dairy Health Conference. Pg 87. McLean AK, Heleski CR, Yokoyama MT, Wang W, Doumbia A, Dembele B. 2010. Assessing working donkey (Equus asinus) welfare status on a sub-population of Malian donkeys and knowledge and skills among para-professionals and professionals in Mali, West Africa. Abstract. 6th International Colloquium on Working Equids, New Delhi, India. Orban DA, Siegford JM. 2011. Scenarios as welfare training tools: giraffe case study. Proceedings of the Animal Welfare Forum: Zoo/University Partnerships in Applied Studies of Animal Welfare. January 23, 2011. Detroit Zoological Society, Detroit, MI. Orman, A. and M.I. Endres. 2010. Infrared thermography for detection of hoof lesions in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 93(Suppl. 1):772. Phillips, C. E., Y. Z. Li, J. E. Anderson, L. J. Johnston, G. C. Shurson, and J. Deen. 2011. Association of sow fear, parity and season with piglet mortality in loose farrowing systems. Midwest ASAS 3/14/2011, Des Moines, IA. Phillips, C. E., Y. Z. Li, and J. Anderson. 2010. Fear response in gestating sows.2010 ISAE, Sweden 8/25/2010 Phillips, C. E., Y. Z. Li, J. E. Anderson, L. J. Johnston, G. C. Shurson, J. Deen, and C. Farmer. 2011. Association of sow fear with prolactin and cortisol concentrations pre- and post-farrowing. National ASAS 7/12/2011, New Orleans. Siegford JM. 2011. Challenges of farm animal welfare. Proceedings of the Animal Welfare Forum: Zoo/University Partnerships in Applied Studies of Animal Welfare. January 23, 2011. Detroit Zoological Society, Detroit, MI. Siegford J, Jacobs J. 2010. Do cows adapt quickly to being milked by robots? Michigan Dairy Review. 15(4):8-11. Siegford J, Jacobs J. 2011. Effect of exit alley blocking incidences on the accessibility of the automatic milking system. Michigan Dairy Review. 16(1):18-20. Siegford J, Jacobs J. 2011. Do cows adapt quickly to being milked by robots? Progressive Dairyman. Online at http://www.progressivedairy.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5739. Siegford J, Jacobs J. 2011. Exit alley blocking incidences and automatic milking systems. Progressive Dairyman. 25(9):75-76. Weich, B., A. D. Kmicikewycz, M. I. Endres, and N.B. Litherland. 2010. Postpartum feeding behavior of dairy cows fed ad libitum or restricted prepartum diets containing wheat straw or orchardgrass. Midwest ADSA/ASAS Meetings:109. Weich, W. D., A.D. Kmicikewycz, M.I. Endres, and N.B. Litherland. 2010. Does moderating amount fed and forage type in dry cow diets affect pre- and postpartum feeding and lying behavior? In Proc. Minn. Dairy Health Conference. Pg 93-94.