SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: S300 : Mosquito and Agricultural Pest Management in Riceland Ecosystems
- Period Covered: 01/01/2002 to 12/01/2002
- Date of Report: 04/25/2003
- Annual Meeting Dates: 02/24/2003 to 02/25/2003
Participants
John Bernhardt, University of Arkansas, Stuttgart, AR; Max Meisch, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR; Larry D. Godfrey, University of California, Davis, CA; Sharon P. Lawler, University of California, Davis, CA; William E. Walton, University of California, Riverside, CA; Arshad Ali, University of Florida, Apopka, FL; Robert Novak, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL; Bill Rice USDA/ARS, Crowley, LA; Dennis Ring, LSU Ag Center, Baton Rouge, LA; Mike Stout, LSU Ag Center, Baton Rouge, LA; Jim Robbins, Mississippi State University, Stoneville, MS; Mike Boyd, University of Missouri, Portageville, MO; Jim Olson, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX; M. O. Way, Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Beaumont, TX; Fred W. Knapp, Administrative Advisor, University of Kentucky College of Agriculture; and Hendrick Rick' Meyer, CSREES Representative, USDA, Washington, DC.
Minutes of the S-300 Cooperative Regional Project
Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis
23 February 2003
Submitted by Mike Stout, S-300 Secretary, 2003
The meeting was called to order at approximately 8:50 a.m. by Chair John Bernhardt. Members in attendance were John Bernhardt and Max Meisch (University of Arkansas), Larry Godfrey and Sharon Lawler (University of California, Davis), M.O. Way (Texas A&M University), Mike Stout and Mike Perich (Louisiana State University), Herb Bolton (CSREES, USDA), and Fred Knapp (Administrative Advisor, University of Kentucky). Alan Inman (Merced County Mosquito Abatement District), Deborah Dritz (UC Davis), and Al Grigarick (emeritus, UC Davis) were introduced as guests. Chair Bernhardt expressed the gratitude of the S-300 Project to the Local Arrangements Committee, Sharon Lawler and Larry Godfrey.
2004 Meeting Site: The first order of business was the selection of the location for the 2004 meeting of the S-300 meeting. After discussion of possible meeting dates and times, M.O. Way motioned that the meeting be held on February 29th, 2004 in New Orleans, immediately before with the 2004 Rice Technical Working Group meeting in New Orleans (2/29/04-3/3/04). Stout seconded the motion, and it passed unanimously. Stout was charged with arranging for the use of a meeting room at the RTWG site.
Initial comments by Dr. Knapp (Administrative Advisor): Dr. Knapp reminded S-300 members that the current S-300 project expires in 2005. He mentioned the possibility of extending the current project for 1-2 years, but stated that doing so requires proper justification. He recommended that the progress of the project be evaluated by S-300 members during the next year and discussed at next year‘s meeting.
Comments by Dr. Bolton (USDA): Dr. Bolton stated first that Rick Meyer could not attend the meeting due to recent surgery, but expects to be present at the 2004 meeting. Dr. Bolton then briefly discussed the USDA budget. The USDA, like all U.S. government agencies, is currently operating without a budget for the 2003 fiscal year. The overall USDA-CSREES budget is not expected to increase. However, there will be a $45 million increase in the USDA-NRI budget in the coming year, an increase offset by a corresponding decrease in funding for the USDA-IFAS program. The NSF budget is expected increase significantly. Dr. Meisch asked Dr. Bolton about a special grant program on pesticide application technology. Dr. Bolton replied that the USDA does not administer special grants of this sort, then reported on a $15 million Department of Defense (Pest Management Board) grant program involving new pesticides and new approaches for protecting U.S. armed forces from vector-borne diseases. Dr. Bolton promised to alert appropriate S-300 members of this funding opportunity when he learned more details. Dr. Bolton next discussed the release of over $43 million in funds by the USDA as part of the homeland security effort. Money is being made available to establish a network of diagnostic laboratories for plant and anmila diseases, with the purpose of rapidly identifying and monitoring plant and animal pathogens that constitute threats to U.S. Agriculture.
Dr. Bolton announced that the USDA-CSREES web page will be revised in the near future, and that the application process for some USDA programs will soon be handled electronically. He stated that the CSREES Pest Managers e-Mail Distribution List has been improved and updated, and encouraged S-300 members to contact Rahele Maclin (rmaclin@reeusda.gov) if they are interested in adding their name to the list or making a change to their current listing. Dr. Bolton reminded S-300 members of the upcoming 4th National Integrated Pest Management Symposium, April 8-10, 2003, at the Westin Hotel in Indianapolis, IN. This meeting was started several years ago partly in response to criticisms made in a GAO audit, that reductions in pesticide use in U.S. agriculture were not occurring despite an increase in adoption of IPM programs.
Dr. Bolton alerted S-300 members to a new website developed by the USDA‘s National Agricultural Statistics Service. The site contains data on chemical use in U.S. crops. Users of this data base can search agricultural chemical used data by crop, year, region, or active ingredient. The site can be accessed at http://www.usda.gov/nass. Dr. Bolton also mentioned the availability of crop profiles on the cooperative web site for the regional Pest Management Centers (http://www.pmcenters.org).
Further comments from Dr. Knapp: Dr. Knapp again urged S-300 members to review the progress of the project and determine which objectives of the proposal have been met and which remain to be met. He advised members to try and complete the objectives of the project as set forth in the current proposal.
Dr. Knapp reminded S-300 members of the importance of impact statements in CRIS reports and similar reports. He stated that impacts must be tangible and not merely summaries of research accomplishments. Dr. Bolton reminded S-300 members that CRIS reports are available to the public. A discussion ensued on the difficulty in estimating economic impacts. Dr. Bolton recommended that members consult the USDA web page (www.reeusda.gov) and click on the "eanswers" icon for examples of impact statements.
Dr. Knapp stated that the deadline for submission of meeting minutes and the Annual Report for the S-300 project is 60 days from the meeting date.
State reports: State reports were presented and discussed by the group. Copies of reports are available to interested parties. The following individuals submitted oral and written reports.
California: Dr. Godfrey, Dr. Lawler
Texas: Dr. Way
Arkansas: Dr. Bernhardt, Dr. Meisch
Louisiana: Dr. Stout, Dr. Perich
Written reports were also submitted by Drs. Novak (University of Illinois) and Walton (UC Riverside) and briefly discussed.
Final business items, Dr. Bernhardt, Chair: Dr. Bernhardt asked Drs. Stout and Godfrey to add impact statements and lists of publications to their reports. Dr. Perich was instructed to send a report to Dr. Bernhardt. Dr. Godfrey pointed out the need to elect a secretary for next year‘s meeting (to assume Chair duties in 2005). Dr. Perich was selected as secretary for the 2004 meeting.
It was proposed that the S-300 project conduct a symposium on the integration of management practices for mosquitoes and agricultural pests in rice fields similar to the one conducted at the 2002 RTWG meeting in Little Rock. Several potential venues for this symposium were discussed, and it was ultimately decided that talks be presented at next year‘s Rice Technical Working Group meeting in New Orleans. It was decided that the following talks be given:
1) Update on West Nile virus - Mike Perich
2) Integration of management practices and non-target effects of rice insecticides in California - Sharon Lawler
3) Integration of management practices/non-target effects, mid-South - undecided
Dr. Way proposed that members of the S-300 project who conducted research on insecticidal control of the rice water weevil in rice seek a nomination for the RTWG Distinguished Rice Research and/or Education Award. Dr. Way stated that data generated by these scientists benefited U.S. rice producers because these data were used to justify the registration of several insecticides currently used to manage the rice water weevil. Dr. Stout volunteered to ask Dr. J. Musick (LSU Rice Research Station) to nominate these scientists for this award.
Dr. Bernhardt again thanked the Local Arrangements Committee, Drs. Lawler and Godfrey. The meeting was adjourned at approximately 4:30 p.m.
Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis
23 February 2003
Submitted by Mike Stout, S-300 Secretary, 2003
The meeting was called to order at approximately 8:50 a.m. by Chair John Bernhardt. Members in attendance were John Bernhardt and Max Meisch (University of Arkansas), Larry Godfrey and Sharon Lawler (University of California, Davis), M.O. Way (Texas A&M University), Mike Stout and Mike Perich (Louisiana State University), Herb Bolton (CSREES, USDA), and Fred Knapp (Administrative Advisor, University of Kentucky). Alan Inman (Merced County Mosquito Abatement District), Deborah Dritz (UC Davis), and Al Grigarick (emeritus, UC Davis) were introduced as guests. Chair Bernhardt expressed the gratitude of the S-300 Project to the Local Arrangements Committee, Sharon Lawler and Larry Godfrey.
2004 Meeting Site: The first order of business was the selection of the location for the 2004 meeting of the S-300 meeting. After discussion of possible meeting dates and times, M.O. Way motioned that the meeting be held on February 29th, 2004 in New Orleans, immediately before with the 2004 Rice Technical Working Group meeting in New Orleans (2/29/04-3/3/04). Stout seconded the motion, and it passed unanimously. Stout was charged with arranging for the use of a meeting room at the RTWG site.
Initial comments by Dr. Knapp (Administrative Advisor): Dr. Knapp reminded S-300 members that the current S-300 project expires in 2005. He mentioned the possibility of extending the current project for 1-2 years, but stated that doing so requires proper justification. He recommended that the progress of the project be evaluated by S-300 members during the next year and discussed at next year‘s meeting.
Comments by Dr. Bolton (USDA): Dr. Bolton stated first that Rick Meyer could not attend the meeting due to recent surgery, but expects to be present at the 2004 meeting. Dr. Bolton then briefly discussed the USDA budget. The USDA, like all U.S. government agencies, is currently operating without a budget for the 2003 fiscal year. The overall USDA-CSREES budget is not expected to increase. However, there will be a $45 million increase in the USDA-NRI budget in the coming year, an increase offset by a corresponding decrease in funding for the USDA-IFAS program. The NSF budget is expected increase significantly. Dr. Meisch asked Dr. Bolton about a special grant program on pesticide application technology. Dr. Bolton replied that the USDA does not administer special grants of this sort, then reported on a $15 million Department of Defense (Pest Management Board) grant program involving new pesticides and new approaches for protecting U.S. armed forces from vector-borne diseases. Dr. Bolton promised to alert appropriate S-300 members of this funding opportunity when he learned more details. Dr. Bolton next discussed the release of over $43 million in funds by the USDA as part of the homeland security effort. Money is being made available to establish a network of diagnostic laboratories for plant and anmila diseases, with the purpose of rapidly identifying and monitoring plant and animal pathogens that constitute threats to U.S. Agriculture.
Dr. Bolton announced that the USDA-CSREES web page will be revised in the near future, and that the application process for some USDA programs will soon be handled electronically. He stated that the CSREES Pest Managers e-Mail Distribution List has been improved and updated, and encouraged S-300 members to contact Rahele Maclin (rmaclin@reeusda.gov) if they are interested in adding their name to the list or making a change to their current listing. Dr. Bolton reminded S-300 members of the upcoming 4th National Integrated Pest Management Symposium, April 8-10, 2003, at the Westin Hotel in Indianapolis, IN. This meeting was started several years ago partly in response to criticisms made in a GAO audit, that reductions in pesticide use in U.S. agriculture were not occurring despite an increase in adoption of IPM programs.
Dr. Bolton alerted S-300 members to a new website developed by the USDA‘s National Agricultural Statistics Service. The site contains data on chemical use in U.S. crops. Users of this data base can search agricultural chemical used data by crop, year, region, or active ingredient. The site can be accessed at http://www.usda.gov/nass. Dr. Bolton also mentioned the availability of crop profiles on the cooperative web site for the regional Pest Management Centers (http://www.pmcenters.org).
Further comments from Dr. Knapp: Dr. Knapp again urged S-300 members to review the progress of the project and determine which objectives of the proposal have been met and which remain to be met. He advised members to try and complete the objectives of the project as set forth in the current proposal.
Dr. Knapp reminded S-300 members of the importance of impact statements in CRIS reports and similar reports. He stated that impacts must be tangible and not merely summaries of research accomplishments. Dr. Bolton reminded S-300 members that CRIS reports are available to the public. A discussion ensued on the difficulty in estimating economic impacts. Dr. Bolton recommended that members consult the USDA web page (www.reeusda.gov) and click on the "eanswers" icon for examples of impact statements.
Dr. Knapp stated that the deadline for submission of meeting minutes and the Annual Report for the S-300 project is 60 days from the meeting date.
State reports: State reports were presented and discussed by the group. Copies of reports are available to interested parties. The following individuals submitted oral and written reports.
California: Dr. Godfrey, Dr. Lawler
Texas: Dr. Way
Arkansas: Dr. Bernhardt, Dr. Meisch
Louisiana: Dr. Stout, Dr. Perich
Written reports were also submitted by Drs. Novak (University of Illinois) and Walton (UC Riverside) and briefly discussed.
Final business items, Dr. Bernhardt, Chair: Dr. Bernhardt asked Drs. Stout and Godfrey to add impact statements and lists of publications to their reports. Dr. Perich was instructed to send a report to Dr. Bernhardt. Dr. Godfrey pointed out the need to elect a secretary for next year‘s meeting (to assume Chair duties in 2005). Dr. Perich was selected as secretary for the 2004 meeting.
It was proposed that the S-300 project conduct a symposium on the integration of management practices for mosquitoes and agricultural pests in rice fields similar to the one conducted at the 2002 RTWG meeting in Little Rock. Several potential venues for this symposium were discussed, and it was ultimately decided that talks be presented at next year‘s Rice Technical Working Group meeting in New Orleans. It was decided that the following talks be given:
1) Update on West Nile virus - Mike Perich
2) Integration of management practices and non-target effects of rice insecticides in California - Sharon Lawler
3) Integration of management practices/non-target effects, mid-South - undecided
Dr. Way proposed that members of the S-300 project who conducted research on insecticidal control of the rice water weevil in rice seek a nomination for the RTWG Distinguished Rice Research and/or Education Award. Dr. Way stated that data generated by these scientists benefited U.S. rice producers because these data were used to justify the registration of several insecticides currently used to manage the rice water weevil. Dr. Stout volunteered to ask Dr. J. Musick (LSU Rice Research Station) to nominate these scientists for this award.
Dr. Bernhardt again thanked the Local Arrangements Committee, Drs. Lawler and Godfrey. The meeting was adjourned at approximately 4:30 p.m.
Accomplishments
Objective 1: In AR, Bernhardt found that Mustang Max gave control of rice water weevils (RWW) equivalent to another adulticide, KarateZ and a larvicide, Icon seed treatment. Cruiser at the highest rate tested gave control of RWW similar to that of the lowest rate of Icon. KarateZ applied at 14, 10, 6, 2, and 1 days before flood gave improved residual control (>50%) the closer the application was to the flood date. Field tests with Icon demonstrated excellent control of grape colaspis at the lowest labeled rate. In AR, Meisch found that three semicarbazone formulations gave greater than 90% mortality of P. columbiae larvae but only after 48 hours. Efficacy declined between 24 hours and 5 days and no activity was found after 5 days. Also, aerial ULV assessment of Anvil against A. quadrimaculatus adults gave 91% control. Pyganic (unsynergized pyrethrum for organic crops) did not give adequate control of A. quadrimaculatus. Using KarateZ to control RWW, populations of non-target beneficials such as Tropisternus lateralis and Notonecta indica would be negatively impacted, while A. quadrimaculatus would proliferate. Icon had better control of A. quadrimaculatus and was less harmful to both T. lateralis and N. indica. In CA, Godfrey found that Warrior applied to soil preflood or after flood and before seeding provided effective control of RWW. Zeta-cypermethrin, XDE 225, and Icon were very effective against RWW. Cruiser as a soil treatment was effective in 2001, but as a seed treatment in 2002 Cruiser performed poorly. Large scale tests with zeta-cypermethrin, Dimilin, Warrior and Warrior + Dimilin were all effective at RWW control. Again in 2002, RWW adult trapping using an aquatic barrier trap developed by Arkansas showed promise in predicting larval densities; in small plot tests traps collected from 4 to 6% of known numbers of adults; and, there is a high degree of independence between trap captures and flight incidence as measured by a light trap. In CA, Lawler tested the impact of Warrior on non-target organisms. No mosquitofish or predatory insects survived direct exposure to Warrior. Most fish added 7 days after spray survived, but there was a trend toward lower numbers in the treated plots. Insect populations remained low in treated plots for at least 4 weeks and sentinel C. tarsalis mosquitoes died in treated plots for at least 3 weeks. However, mosquito survival was also poor in untreated plots. Also in CA, Walton continued laboratory selection experiments designed to delay the onset of resistance to Bacillus sphaericus (BS) and to test whether susceptibility can be restored in BS resistant C. quinquefasciatus and tests for interactions among microbial toxins from B. thuringiensis (BT) with BS. Data suggested that there may be limited advantage associated with the incorporation of Cyt1A into BS resistant management programs. In FL, Ali found the laboratory and outdoor effectiveness and residual activity of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen were superior to the IGR s-methoprene against some mosquitoes. In LA, Stout showed that Icon, KarateZ, Mustang Max, and Fury controlled RWW; Fury was effective as KarateZ for controlling RWW while Cruiser seed treatment performed similarly to Icon seed treatment. The efficacy of Icon was markedly lower in water-seeded, pinpoint flooded system than in drill-seeded rice. KarateZ, Fury, Mustang Max, and methyl parathion (MP) controlled rice stink bug (RSB) but with little residual activity. Malathion and MP at a reduced rate did not give adequate control. Liberty, a rice herbicide, was found to have no insecticide properties on RWW and adults fed equally on treated leaves and on non-treated Liberty-Link rice. In TX, Way found that the best time to apply Fury for RWW control is as close to flood as possible. Experimental GF-317 for RWW was more effective applied immediately before than 4 days after flood at rates 1/10 the standard rate of KarateZ. Mustang Max applied 1 day before or 3 days after flood was not as effective at controlling RWW as KarateZ, Icon, or Dimilin. Also, Gaucho seed treatments did not perform as well as Icon. For RSB control Fury, KarateZ, Mustang Max, and GF-317 in the laboratory all exhibited excellent direct contact activity, but none gave more than 1 day of residual activity. In field tests, KarateZ gave between 4 to 8 days of residual control of RSB nymphs and 2 to 4 days residual control of RSB adults. The addition of Quadris to KarateZ improved residual control and head rice yield, and decreased pecky rice by 1.8%. KarateZ applied during early boot gave control of Mexican rice borers and sugarcane borers. In TX, Olson continued to conduct insecticide susceptibility monitoring tests on select populations of Culex quinquefasciatus in the rice producing region of southeast TX. He recommended that a resistance management plan for C. quinquefasciatus in Orange County, Texas be continued because an elevated tolerance to malathion was observed again during 2002.
Objective 2: In AR, Bernhardt found that rice varieties Bengal, Cocodrie and Francis were more susceptible to RWW infestation than Ahrent; early and late rice planting dates had high RWW infestations; delay of permanent flood by 10 and 20 days decreased RWW larval infestations by 57 and 50%, respectively. Cocodrie was more susceptible to rice stalk borer (RSBR) than Ahrent and Francis, but all three were more susceptible than Bengal; rice varieties planted at a later date had 10 to 30 times more RSBR damage than rice planted earlier. In a nine-variety host plant resistance study, Godfrey found larval RWW populations were highest in M-205, M-401, and M-202; but only M-205 and M-202 had yield losses. Overall, the medium grains appeared to be fairly tolerant of RWW feeding, but supported higher larval numbers. In LA, Stout found that previously observed differences in RWW resistance of Cocodrie, Bengal, and Jefferson to be consistent among years; increases in N fertilization were associated with increases in densities of RWW larvae; higher rates of N did not ameliorate yield losses from RWW; rice lines found to possess low to moderate levels of resistance to RWW were evaluated in greenhouse tests where several showed resistance to RWW egg-laying; draining and drying did not effectively reduce RWW larvae; a two-week delay in flood resulted in plants that were much more tolerant to RWW feeding than rice flooded at an earlier stage; depth of flood did not influence densities of RWW in field tests; and contrary to previous data, early planted rice did not escape damaging infestations of RWW in LA. In Texas, Way found that increased preflood N did not increase or decrease RWW populations, but did increase yield of main and ratoon rice (548 and 188 lb/acre, respectively); RWW populations were highest on the earliest planting date and treatment with insecticides gave the greatest benefit in yield to main and ratoon rice (Icon gave the highest return at $129.13/acre); Priscilla, Lemont, Saber, and Cocodrie were most susceptible while XL7 and XL8 were least susceptible to a combination of Mexican rice borer and sugarcane borer; across 10 rice varieties, average yield loss to stem borers was 1246 lb/acre on the main crop and 166 lb/acre on the ratoon crop.
Objective 3: In CA, Godfrey continued a 40 year program of monitoring adult RWW flights with UV light traps. Monitoring RWW flights is important in determining the levels and interval of peak flight activity and to compare RWW trends over years. Studies designed to investigate how long during the season RWW control is needed were impacted by unwanted seed midge infestation. In CA, Walton found that compared to a control wetland with ambient levels of ammonium nitrogen a wetland with 75 times more ammonium nitrogen sustained mosquito populations for an additional week after flooding; mosquito larvae had larger headwidths; adults emerged 5 days sooner; and overall mosquito production was larger than a previous study where wetlands were enriched with urea. In LA, Stout found that the presence of barnyardgrass (BYG) had little impact on RWW infestation in north LA. RSB populations were higher when BYG heads emerged at the same time as rice but did not have the same impact when BYG heads emerged later than rice. The presence of BYG interfered with rice and reduced yield, increased RSB populations, but did not reduce milling quality. Two major periods of flight activity of RWW adults were identified using UV and incandescent light traps. In FL, Ali continued ecological and laboratory studies on Glyptotendipes paripes and Chronomus carssicaudatus. Results were: water depth, sediment dry weight, and presence/absence of sand, muck or vegetation were responsible for larval distribution in lakes of G. paripes; head capsule width used for instar differentiation; cephalolabial length in 4th instar larvae was best indicator of sex differentiation of both species; temperature and development models were established; and gut contents of Bluegill indicated indiscriminate feeding on chironomid larvae. Nuisance occurrence of chironomids could be averted by the placement of lighted barges located away from waterfront areas.
Objective 4: In IL, Novak‘s primarily focused on the impact of the West Nile virus (WNV) on public and animal health. A summary follows: the main risk factor in transmission is having an abundance of insect vectors and reservoir hosts in close proximity to humans; in north IL (Cook Co.) 60% of mosquito pools tested positive for WNV and is comparable to epicenters in New York in 1999 and 2000 outbreaks; for Cook Co. in August there were more than one infected mosquito per 36-42 collected; 12 species of mosquitoes tested positive for WNV with Culex spp. the most frequent regardless of a latitudinal gradient for non-Culex infected mosquitoes; presence of WNV RNA does not mean a species is a vector, but provides the basis for narrowing the search for bridge vectors; there is evidence in multiple species for vertical transmission such as from mother to offspring, between developmental stages, or between sexes during mating - male mosquitoes were found positive for WNV; Anopheles and Aedes spp. need study for possible bridge species; atypical vertebrate hosts (squirrel, wolf, and dog) and insects (parasitic flies and non-bird feeding mosquitoes) were detected reflecting the magnitude of the epizootic; most early aspects of the WNV transmission cycle, including meteorological factors, remain unknown, making predictions and abatement difficult. Results of the WNV in IL were 738 clinical cases (estimated 30 to 150 asymptomatic cases for every one clinical case) including 48 deaths; reports of major declines in crow, chickadee, and other bird populations; infection confirmed in 513 birds, 528 mosquito pools, and 1059 horses. In TX, Olson continued research on the effects of different temperatures and humidity levels on the survivorship of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus eggs. Preliminary results confirm reports that Ae. aegypti eggs tend to better tolerate higher temperatures (30oC) and lower humidities ( 40%) than do those of Ae. albopictus. All other research was suspended in favor of TAES participation in the survey and monitoring for the West Nile Virus (WNV) which hit Texas during 2002. The State Health Department summarization of the survey and monitoring results indicated that mosquitoes in 9 of the 17 counties, considered to be part of the rice belt along the upper gulf coast of southeast Texas, were confirmed to carry the WNV during 2002. In this region of Texas, 231 birds, 106 humans, 96 pools of mosquitoes, and 96 horses were confirmed positive for WNV. The mosquito species found infected with the virus included Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex erraticus and Ae. albopictus.
Objective 2: In AR, Bernhardt found that rice varieties Bengal, Cocodrie and Francis were more susceptible to RWW infestation than Ahrent; early and late rice planting dates had high RWW infestations; delay of permanent flood by 10 and 20 days decreased RWW larval infestations by 57 and 50%, respectively. Cocodrie was more susceptible to rice stalk borer (RSBR) than Ahrent and Francis, but all three were more susceptible than Bengal; rice varieties planted at a later date had 10 to 30 times more RSBR damage than rice planted earlier. In a nine-variety host plant resistance study, Godfrey found larval RWW populations were highest in M-205, M-401, and M-202; but only M-205 and M-202 had yield losses. Overall, the medium grains appeared to be fairly tolerant of RWW feeding, but supported higher larval numbers. In LA, Stout found that previously observed differences in RWW resistance of Cocodrie, Bengal, and Jefferson to be consistent among years; increases in N fertilization were associated with increases in densities of RWW larvae; higher rates of N did not ameliorate yield losses from RWW; rice lines found to possess low to moderate levels of resistance to RWW were evaluated in greenhouse tests where several showed resistance to RWW egg-laying; draining and drying did not effectively reduce RWW larvae; a two-week delay in flood resulted in plants that were much more tolerant to RWW feeding than rice flooded at an earlier stage; depth of flood did not influence densities of RWW in field tests; and contrary to previous data, early planted rice did not escape damaging infestations of RWW in LA. In Texas, Way found that increased preflood N did not increase or decrease RWW populations, but did increase yield of main and ratoon rice (548 and 188 lb/acre, respectively); RWW populations were highest on the earliest planting date and treatment with insecticides gave the greatest benefit in yield to main and ratoon rice (Icon gave the highest return at $129.13/acre); Priscilla, Lemont, Saber, and Cocodrie were most susceptible while XL7 and XL8 were least susceptible to a combination of Mexican rice borer and sugarcane borer; across 10 rice varieties, average yield loss to stem borers was 1246 lb/acre on the main crop and 166 lb/acre on the ratoon crop.
Objective 3: In CA, Godfrey continued a 40 year program of monitoring adult RWW flights with UV light traps. Monitoring RWW flights is important in determining the levels and interval of peak flight activity and to compare RWW trends over years. Studies designed to investigate how long during the season RWW control is needed were impacted by unwanted seed midge infestation. In CA, Walton found that compared to a control wetland with ambient levels of ammonium nitrogen a wetland with 75 times more ammonium nitrogen sustained mosquito populations for an additional week after flooding; mosquito larvae had larger headwidths; adults emerged 5 days sooner; and overall mosquito production was larger than a previous study where wetlands were enriched with urea. In LA, Stout found that the presence of barnyardgrass (BYG) had little impact on RWW infestation in north LA. RSB populations were higher when BYG heads emerged at the same time as rice but did not have the same impact when BYG heads emerged later than rice. The presence of BYG interfered with rice and reduced yield, increased RSB populations, but did not reduce milling quality. Two major periods of flight activity of RWW adults were identified using UV and incandescent light traps. In FL, Ali continued ecological and laboratory studies on Glyptotendipes paripes and Chronomus carssicaudatus. Results were: water depth, sediment dry weight, and presence/absence of sand, muck or vegetation were responsible for larval distribution in lakes of G. paripes; head capsule width used for instar differentiation; cephalolabial length in 4th instar larvae was best indicator of sex differentiation of both species; temperature and development models were established; and gut contents of Bluegill indicated indiscriminate feeding on chironomid larvae. Nuisance occurrence of chironomids could be averted by the placement of lighted barges located away from waterfront areas.
Objective 4: In IL, Novak‘s primarily focused on the impact of the West Nile virus (WNV) on public and animal health. A summary follows: the main risk factor in transmission is having an abundance of insect vectors and reservoir hosts in close proximity to humans; in north IL (Cook Co.) 60% of mosquito pools tested positive for WNV and is comparable to epicenters in New York in 1999 and 2000 outbreaks; for Cook Co. in August there were more than one infected mosquito per 36-42 collected; 12 species of mosquitoes tested positive for WNV with Culex spp. the most frequent regardless of a latitudinal gradient for non-Culex infected mosquitoes; presence of WNV RNA does not mean a species is a vector, but provides the basis for narrowing the search for bridge vectors; there is evidence in multiple species for vertical transmission such as from mother to offspring, between developmental stages, or between sexes during mating - male mosquitoes were found positive for WNV; Anopheles and Aedes spp. need study for possible bridge species; atypical vertebrate hosts (squirrel, wolf, and dog) and insects (parasitic flies and non-bird feeding mosquitoes) were detected reflecting the magnitude of the epizootic; most early aspects of the WNV transmission cycle, including meteorological factors, remain unknown, making predictions and abatement difficult. Results of the WNV in IL were 738 clinical cases (estimated 30 to 150 asymptomatic cases for every one clinical case) including 48 deaths; reports of major declines in crow, chickadee, and other bird populations; infection confirmed in 513 birds, 528 mosquito pools, and 1059 horses. In TX, Olson continued research on the effects of different temperatures and humidity levels on the survivorship of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus eggs. Preliminary results confirm reports that Ae. aegypti eggs tend to better tolerate higher temperatures (30oC) and lower humidities ( 40%) than do those of Ae. albopictus. All other research was suspended in favor of TAES participation in the survey and monitoring for the West Nile Virus (WNV) which hit Texas during 2002. The State Health Department summarization of the survey and monitoring results indicated that mosquitoes in 9 of the 17 counties, considered to be part of the rice belt along the upper gulf coast of southeast Texas, were confirmed to carry the WNV during 2002. In this region of Texas, 231 birds, 106 humans, 96 pools of mosquitoes, and 96 horses were confirmed positive for WNV. The mosquito species found infected with the virus included Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex erraticus and Ae. albopictus.
Impacts
- In 2002, S-300 participants continued to add new knowledge about pestiferous insects associated with artifical and natural wetlands.
- The knowledge gained is being used to develop more effective, safe, and afforable management of these insect pests.
Publications
Arkansas
Crockett, R. J., J. A. Dennett, J., C. M. Hamm, R. D. Nunez, and M. Meisch. 2002. Efficacy of Biomist 30:30 and Aqua Reslin against Anopheles quadrimaculatus in Arkansas. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. 18: 23-25.
Crockett, R. J. 2002. Arbovirus surveillance and control of Arkansas mosquitoes. M. S. Thesis. Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.
Bernhardt, J. L. and D. T. Johnson. 2002. Verification of a Monitoring Program for Rice Water Weevil Adults. Pages 117-122. In B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies, 2001. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Series 495.
Bernhardt, J. L., K.A.K. Moldenhauer, and J. W. Gibbons. 2002. Screening Rice Lines for Susceptibility to Rice Stink Bug: Results from the Arkansas Rice Performance Tests. Pages 123-132. In B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies, 2001. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Series 495.
Rashid, T., D. T. Johnson and J. L. Bernhardt. 2002. Comparison of different sampling techniques for Oebalus pugnax (F.) in rice. Pages 133-137. In B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2001, Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Series 495.
Rashid, T., D. T. Johnson and J. L. Bernhardt. 2002. Interaction of rice variety, heading period and Oebalus pugnax (F.) density on rice yield in Arkansas. Proceedings 29th Rice Tech. Working Group. Page 91.
Rashid, T., D. T. Johnson and J. L. Bernhardt. 2002. Comparison of different sampling techniques for Oebalus pugnax (F.) in rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Tech. Working Group. Page 86.
Rashid, T., D. T. Johnson and J. L. Bernhardt. 2002. Development of Oebalus pugnax (F.) from egg to adult at different temperatures in laboratory. Proceedings 29th Rice Tech. Working Group. Page 95.
Bernhardt, J.L. and T.L. Richards. 2002. Field Tolerance of Selected Rice Varieties To Rice Water Weevil Infestation and Damage. Proceedings 29th Rice Tech. Working Group. Page 95.
Stout, M.J., J.L. Bernhardt, M. Boyd, L.D. Godfrey, J.T. Robbins and M.O. Way. 2002. Overview of integrated management programs for arthropod pests of rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:79.
California
Godfrey, L. D., and R. R. Lewis. 2002. Management of Rice Water Weevil with Insecticides. Calif. Rice Experiment Station Field Day Report. pp 34-36.
Godfrey, L. D. and R. R. Lewis. 2002. Monitoring Rice Water Weevil adult populations to Improve Management. Calif. Rice Experiment Station Field Day Report. pp 9-11.
Godfrey, L. D., R. R. Lewis, E. Blanco, and C. Yip. 2001. Annual report comprehensive research on rice, RP-3. pp. 93-121.
Godfrey, L. D. 2001. 33st Annual report to the California rice growers. Protection of rice from invertebrate pests. pp 29-32.
Stout, M.J., J.L. Bernhardt, M. Boyd, L.D. Godfrey, J.T. Robbins and M.O. Way. 2002. Overview of integrated management programs for arthropod pests of rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:79.
Lawler, S.P., D. A. Dritz, R. McBride, D. Lemenager and M. Kimball. 2001. Effects of rice straw management on the dynamics of mosquito populations: a food web study. Mosquito Control Research Annual Report 2001. University of California DANR.
Miles, A. K., S. P. Lawler, D. A. Dritz and S. Spring. 2002. Effects of mosquito larvicide on mallard ducklings and prey. Wildlife Society Bulletin 30:675-682.
Submitted: Lawler, S.P., D.A. Dritz and L. D. Godfrey. Effects of the agricultural insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) on mosquitofish and beneficial insects. J. American Mosquito Control Association.
Walton, W. E. 2002. Multipurpose constructed treatment wetlands in the arid southwestern United States: Are the benefits worth the risk: pp. 115-123. IN: J. Pries (ed.) Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement, CH2MHill Canada Limited, Pandora Press, Waterloo, ON.
Keiper, J. B., D. L. Deonier, J. Jiannino, M. Sanford, and W. E. Walton. 2002. Biology, immature stages, and redescriptions of Hydrellia personata Deonier (Diptera: Ephydridae), a Lemna miner. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 104:458-467.
Thullen, J. S., J. J. Satoris, and W. E. Walton. 2002. Effects of vegetation management in constructed wetland treatment cells on water quality and mosquito production. Ecol. Engin. 18:441-457.
Keiper, J. B., W. E. Walton, and B. A. Foote. 2002. Biology and ecology of higher Diptera from freshwater wetlands. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 47: 207-232.
Walton, W. E., G. Peck, and K. Chan. 2002. Factors regulating mosquito production at a renovated constructed treatment wetland. Mos. Control Res. Ann. Rept. 2001. Univ. of Calif., Div. of Agric. & Nat. Res., Berkeley, CA. Pp. 41-45
Wirth, M. C., W. E. Walton, and B. A. Federici. 2002. Evaluation of alternative resistance management strategies for Bacillus sphaericus. Mos. Control Res. Ann. Rept. 2001. Univ. of Calif., Div. of Agric. & Nat. Res., Berkeley, CA. Pp. 23-24.
Federici, B. A., H-W. Park, A. Delicluse, D. K. Bideshi, B. Ge, J. J. Johnson, M. C. Wirth, and W. E. Walton. 2002. Optimization of recombinant BTI/BS mosquito larvicides. Mos. Control Res. Ann. Rept. 2001. Univ. of Calif., Div. of Agric. & Nat. Res., Berkeley, CA. Pp. 20-22.
Florida
Stevens, M. M., Ali, A., S. Helliwell, J. J. Schiller, and S. Hanson. 2002. Comparison of two bioassay techniques for assessing the acute toxicity of pesticides to chironomid larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae). J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 18: 119-125.
Ali, A., J. Fouz, and R. J. Lobinske. 2002. Spatio-temporal effects of selected physico-chemical variables of water, algae and sediment chemistry on the larval community of nuisance Chironomidae (Diptera) in a natural and a man-made lake in central Florida. Hydrobiologia. 470: 181-193.
Lobinske, R. J., C. E. Cichra, and A. Ali. 2002. Predation by bluegilli (Lepomis macrochirus) on larval Chironomidae (Diptera) in relation to midge standing crop in two central Florida lakes. Fla. Entomol. 85: 372-375.
Nayar, J. K., A. Ali, and M. Zaim. 2002. Effectiveness and residual activity comparison of granular formulations of insect growth regulators pyriproxyfen and s-methoprene against Florida mosquitoes and outdoor conditions. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 18:196-201.
Frouz, J. A., A. Ali, and R. J. Lobinske. 2002. Influence of temperature on development rate, wing length, and larval head capsule size of pestiferous midge Chironomus crassicaudatus (Diptera: Chironomidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 95:699-705.
Frouz, J. A., A. Ali., and R. J. Lobinske. 2002. Suitability of morphological parameters for instar determination of pestiferous midges Chironomus crassicaudatus and Glyptotendipes paripes (Diptera: Chironomidae) under laboratory conditions. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 18:222-227.
Lobinske, R.J., A. Ali, and J. Frouz. 2002. Laboratory estimation of degree-day development requirements of Glyptotendipes paripes (Diptera: Chironomidae). Environ. Entomol. 31: 608-611.
Lobinske, R.J., A. Ali, and J. Frouz. 2002. Ecological studies of spatial and temporal distributions of larval Chironomidae (Diptera) with emphasis on Glyptotendipes paripes (Diptera: Chironomidae) in three central Florida lakes. Environ. Entomol. 31: 637-647.
Ali, A. and R. J. Lobinske. 2002. A field study concerning phototaxis of nuisance adult Chironomidae (Diptera) for population management purposes. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil (in press).
Illinois
Louisiana
Stout, M.J., M.R. Riggio, L. Zou, and R. Roberts. Flooding influences ovipositional and feeding behavior of the rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Econom. Entomol. 95: 715-721.
Stout, M.J., W.C. Rice, and D.R. Ring. 2002. The influence of plant age on tolerance of rice to injury by the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Bull Entomol. Res. 92: 177-184.
Patel, D.T. M.J. Stout, and J.R. Fuxa. 2002. Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana and chemical insecticide against the rice stink bug. Annual Research Report, Rice Research Station, LSU AgCenter 93: 510-514.
Stout, M.J., J.L. Bernhardt, M. Boyd, L.D. Godfrey, J.T. Robbins and M.O. Way. 2002. Overview of integrated management programs for arthropod pests of rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:79.
Texas
Jackman, J. A. and J. K. Olson. 2002. Mosquitoes and the Diseases They Transmit. Tex. Coop. Ext. Bull. No. 6119. TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX. 8 pp.
Jackman, J. A. and J. K. Olson. 2002. Mosquito Control Around the Home. Tex. Coop. Ext. Leaflet No. 1744 (Engl. & Spanish versions). TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX. 4 pp.
Stevenson, D. E. and J. K. Olson. 2002. Public Health Related Pest Control: Vector Control and Domestic Rodent Control. Tex. Coop. Ext. Bull. No. 5071. TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX. 127 pp.
Chenault, E. A. (Writer) and J. K. Olson (Contact). June, 2002. News Release: "West Nile Virus". TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX.
Chenault, E. A. (Writer) and J. K. Olson (Contact). July, 2002. News Release: "Hot Season for Mosquito-borne Diseases". TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX.
Chenault, E. A. (Writer) and J. K. Olson (Contact). October, 2002. News Release: "West Nile Virus Could Still Be A Concern". TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX.
Olson, J. K. (Ed.). 2002. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Texas Mosquito Control Association/South Central Regional Mosquito Control Conference. Tex. Mosq. Control Assoc: Huntsville, TX. 33 pp.
McCauley, G.N. and M.O. Way. 2002. Drain and harvest timing effects on rice grain drying and milling quality. Field Crops Research. 74:163-172.
Way, M.O. 2002. Rice arthropod pests and their management in the United States. In: Rice: Origin, History, Technology, and Production. eds. C. Wayne Smith and Robert H. Dilday. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey. pp. 437-456.
Way, M.O., R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez, G.N. McCauley and V.B. Langston. 2002. Evaluation of novel insecticides for rice water weevil control, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. 27:F83.
Way, M.O., R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez and G.N. McCauley. 2002. Timing of Karate Z for rice water weevil control, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. 27:F84.
Way, M.O., R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez and G.N. McCauley. 2002. Evaluation of Icon 6.2FS, Karate Z and Dimilin 2L for rice water weevil control, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. 27:F85.
Way, M.O., R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez and G.N. McCauley. 2002. Evaluation of seed treatments for rice water weevil control, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. 27:F86.
Way, M.O., R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez and G.N. McCauley. 2002. Control of rice water weevil in a stale or tilled seedbed. Proceedings Conservation Tillage Cotton and Rice Conference. 5:45-48. (and presentation Jan. 24-25. Tunica, MS)
Way, M.O. 2002. Evaluation of Icon 6.2FS Under Reduced Seeding Rates. Texas Rice. vol. II, no. 1. p. 3.
Way, M.O. 2002. Pest of the Month: Channeled Apple Snail. Texas Rice. vol. II, no. 1. p. 12.
Way, M.O. 2002. Stem Borer Research; Icon 6.2FS vs Sharpshooters and Evaluating New Chemistry for Rice Water Weevil, Rice Stink Bug and Stem Borers. Texas Rice. vol. II, no. 4. pp. III-IV.
Way, M.O. 2002. IPM-FYI. Rice Journal. 105(5):12-13.
Way, M.O. 2002. Entomology Updates. In Rice Production Update. vol. 15, no. 4 (April).
Way, M.O. 2002. Rice Production Update. In Rice Production Update. vol. 15, no. 5 (June).
Way, M.O. 2002. Insect Management Alternatives. Rice Production Guidelines. D-1253. pp. 29-42.
Way, M.O., T.E. Reagan, R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez, L.J. Vawter, G.N. McCauley, V.B. Langston and K. Buchert. 2002. Recent stem borer research in Texas rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:91
Stout, M.J., J.L. Bernhardt, M. Boyd, L.D. Godfrey, J.T. Robbins and M.O. Way. 2002. Overview of integrated management programs for arthropod pests of rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:79.
McCauley, G.N., F.T. Turner and M.O. Way. 2002. Relationship of yield components to main and ratoon crop yield in large plot field test. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:136.
Jund, M., G.N. McCauley, M.O. Way, J. Vawter and F.T. Turner. 2002. Summary of semi-dwarf ratoon rice management research in Texas. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:137.
Way, M.O., J. Grichar, J.J. Heitholt, T. Isakeit and G.N. McCauley. 2002. Response of ESPS soybeans to irrigation, diseases and insects. Texas Plant Protection Conference. 14:28.
M. O. Way Contrituted to:
Roberts, Amy. 2002. Don‘t Bug Me. Rice Farming. vol. 36, no. 5 (April issue) pp. 8-9.
Rood, Mary Ann. 2002. Blackbird Control. Rice Journal. vol. 105, no. 3 (March issue). pp. 10-11.
Rood, Mary Ann. 2002. Weevil Wars. Rice Journal. vol. 105, no. 5 (May issue). pp. 14-15.
Pace, Joel. 2002. Mexican Rice Borer - a Growing Threat to Rice and Sugarcane. Texas Rice.
vol. II, no. 7. pp. 3-4.
Cockrell, J. 2002. Farming Rice. Texas Rice. vol. II, no. 7. p. 3.
Crockett, R. J., J. A. Dennett, J., C. M. Hamm, R. D. Nunez, and M. Meisch. 2002. Efficacy of Biomist 30:30 and Aqua Reslin against Anopheles quadrimaculatus in Arkansas. Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association. 18: 23-25.
Crockett, R. J. 2002. Arbovirus surveillance and control of Arkansas mosquitoes. M. S. Thesis. Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR.
Bernhardt, J. L. and D. T. Johnson. 2002. Verification of a Monitoring Program for Rice Water Weevil Adults. Pages 117-122. In B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies, 2001. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Series 495.
Bernhardt, J. L., K.A.K. Moldenhauer, and J. W. Gibbons. 2002. Screening Rice Lines for Susceptibility to Rice Stink Bug: Results from the Arkansas Rice Performance Tests. Pages 123-132. In B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies, 2001. Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Series 495.
Rashid, T., D. T. Johnson and J. L. Bernhardt. 2002. Comparison of different sampling techniques for Oebalus pugnax (F.) in rice. Pages 133-137. In B.R. Wells Rice Research Studies 2001, Ark. Agric. Exp. Stn. Res. Series 495.
Rashid, T., D. T. Johnson and J. L. Bernhardt. 2002. Interaction of rice variety, heading period and Oebalus pugnax (F.) density on rice yield in Arkansas. Proceedings 29th Rice Tech. Working Group. Page 91.
Rashid, T., D. T. Johnson and J. L. Bernhardt. 2002. Comparison of different sampling techniques for Oebalus pugnax (F.) in rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Tech. Working Group. Page 86.
Rashid, T., D. T. Johnson and J. L. Bernhardt. 2002. Development of Oebalus pugnax (F.) from egg to adult at different temperatures in laboratory. Proceedings 29th Rice Tech. Working Group. Page 95.
Bernhardt, J.L. and T.L. Richards. 2002. Field Tolerance of Selected Rice Varieties To Rice Water Weevil Infestation and Damage. Proceedings 29th Rice Tech. Working Group. Page 95.
Stout, M.J., J.L. Bernhardt, M. Boyd, L.D. Godfrey, J.T. Robbins and M.O. Way. 2002. Overview of integrated management programs for arthropod pests of rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:79.
California
Godfrey, L. D., and R. R. Lewis. 2002. Management of Rice Water Weevil with Insecticides. Calif. Rice Experiment Station Field Day Report. pp 34-36.
Godfrey, L. D. and R. R. Lewis. 2002. Monitoring Rice Water Weevil adult populations to Improve Management. Calif. Rice Experiment Station Field Day Report. pp 9-11.
Godfrey, L. D., R. R. Lewis, E. Blanco, and C. Yip. 2001. Annual report comprehensive research on rice, RP-3. pp. 93-121.
Godfrey, L. D. 2001. 33st Annual report to the California rice growers. Protection of rice from invertebrate pests. pp 29-32.
Stout, M.J., J.L. Bernhardt, M. Boyd, L.D. Godfrey, J.T. Robbins and M.O. Way. 2002. Overview of integrated management programs for arthropod pests of rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:79.
Lawler, S.P., D. A. Dritz, R. McBride, D. Lemenager and M. Kimball. 2001. Effects of rice straw management on the dynamics of mosquito populations: a food web study. Mosquito Control Research Annual Report 2001. University of California DANR.
Miles, A. K., S. P. Lawler, D. A. Dritz and S. Spring. 2002. Effects of mosquito larvicide on mallard ducklings and prey. Wildlife Society Bulletin 30:675-682.
Submitted: Lawler, S.P., D.A. Dritz and L. D. Godfrey. Effects of the agricultural insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin (Warrior) on mosquitofish and beneficial insects. J. American Mosquito Control Association.
Walton, W. E. 2002. Multipurpose constructed treatment wetlands in the arid southwestern United States: Are the benefits worth the risk: pp. 115-123. IN: J. Pries (ed.) Constructed Wetlands for Water Quality Improvement, CH2MHill Canada Limited, Pandora Press, Waterloo, ON.
Keiper, J. B., D. L. Deonier, J. Jiannino, M. Sanford, and W. E. Walton. 2002. Biology, immature stages, and redescriptions of Hydrellia personata Deonier (Diptera: Ephydridae), a Lemna miner. Proc. Entomol. Soc. Wash. 104:458-467.
Thullen, J. S., J. J. Satoris, and W. E. Walton. 2002. Effects of vegetation management in constructed wetland treatment cells on water quality and mosquito production. Ecol. Engin. 18:441-457.
Keiper, J. B., W. E. Walton, and B. A. Foote. 2002. Biology and ecology of higher Diptera from freshwater wetlands. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 47: 207-232.
Walton, W. E., G. Peck, and K. Chan. 2002. Factors regulating mosquito production at a renovated constructed treatment wetland. Mos. Control Res. Ann. Rept. 2001. Univ. of Calif., Div. of Agric. & Nat. Res., Berkeley, CA. Pp. 41-45
Wirth, M. C., W. E. Walton, and B. A. Federici. 2002. Evaluation of alternative resistance management strategies for Bacillus sphaericus. Mos. Control Res. Ann. Rept. 2001. Univ. of Calif., Div. of Agric. & Nat. Res., Berkeley, CA. Pp. 23-24.
Federici, B. A., H-W. Park, A. Delicluse, D. K. Bideshi, B. Ge, J. J. Johnson, M. C. Wirth, and W. E. Walton. 2002. Optimization of recombinant BTI/BS mosquito larvicides. Mos. Control Res. Ann. Rept. 2001. Univ. of Calif., Div. of Agric. & Nat. Res., Berkeley, CA. Pp. 20-22.
Florida
Stevens, M. M., Ali, A., S. Helliwell, J. J. Schiller, and S. Hanson. 2002. Comparison of two bioassay techniques for assessing the acute toxicity of pesticides to chironomid larvae (Diptera: Chironomidae). J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 18: 119-125.
Ali, A., J. Fouz, and R. J. Lobinske. 2002. Spatio-temporal effects of selected physico-chemical variables of water, algae and sediment chemistry on the larval community of nuisance Chironomidae (Diptera) in a natural and a man-made lake in central Florida. Hydrobiologia. 470: 181-193.
Lobinske, R. J., C. E. Cichra, and A. Ali. 2002. Predation by bluegilli (Lepomis macrochirus) on larval Chironomidae (Diptera) in relation to midge standing crop in two central Florida lakes. Fla. Entomol. 85: 372-375.
Nayar, J. K., A. Ali, and M. Zaim. 2002. Effectiveness and residual activity comparison of granular formulations of insect growth regulators pyriproxyfen and s-methoprene against Florida mosquitoes and outdoor conditions. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 18:196-201.
Frouz, J. A., A. Ali, and R. J. Lobinske. 2002. Influence of temperature on development rate, wing length, and larval head capsule size of pestiferous midge Chironomus crassicaudatus (Diptera: Chironomidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 95:699-705.
Frouz, J. A., A. Ali., and R. J. Lobinske. 2002. Suitability of morphological parameters for instar determination of pestiferous midges Chironomus crassicaudatus and Glyptotendipes paripes (Diptera: Chironomidae) under laboratory conditions. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 18:222-227.
Lobinske, R.J., A. Ali, and J. Frouz. 2002. Laboratory estimation of degree-day development requirements of Glyptotendipes paripes (Diptera: Chironomidae). Environ. Entomol. 31: 608-611.
Lobinske, R.J., A. Ali, and J. Frouz. 2002. Ecological studies of spatial and temporal distributions of larval Chironomidae (Diptera) with emphasis on Glyptotendipes paripes (Diptera: Chironomidae) in three central Florida lakes. Environ. Entomol. 31: 637-647.
Ali, A. and R. J. Lobinske. 2002. A field study concerning phototaxis of nuisance adult Chironomidae (Diptera) for population management purposes. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil (in press).
Illinois
Louisiana
Stout, M.J., M.R. Riggio, L. Zou, and R. Roberts. Flooding influences ovipositional and feeding behavior of the rice water weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Econom. Entomol. 95: 715-721.
Stout, M.J., W.C. Rice, and D.R. Ring. 2002. The influence of plant age on tolerance of rice to injury by the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Bull Entomol. Res. 92: 177-184.
Patel, D.T. M.J. Stout, and J.R. Fuxa. 2002. Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana and chemical insecticide against the rice stink bug. Annual Research Report, Rice Research Station, LSU AgCenter 93: 510-514.
Stout, M.J., J.L. Bernhardt, M. Boyd, L.D. Godfrey, J.T. Robbins and M.O. Way. 2002. Overview of integrated management programs for arthropod pests of rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:79.
Texas
Jackman, J. A. and J. K. Olson. 2002. Mosquitoes and the Diseases They Transmit. Tex. Coop. Ext. Bull. No. 6119. TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX. 8 pp.
Jackman, J. A. and J. K. Olson. 2002. Mosquito Control Around the Home. Tex. Coop. Ext. Leaflet No. 1744 (Engl. & Spanish versions). TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX. 4 pp.
Stevenson, D. E. and J. K. Olson. 2002. Public Health Related Pest Control: Vector Control and Domestic Rodent Control. Tex. Coop. Ext. Bull. No. 5071. TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX. 127 pp.
Chenault, E. A. (Writer) and J. K. Olson (Contact). June, 2002. News Release: "West Nile Virus". TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX.
Chenault, E. A. (Writer) and J. K. Olson (Contact). July, 2002. News Release: "Hot Season for Mosquito-borne Diseases". TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX.
Chenault, E. A. (Writer) and J. K. Olson (Contact). October, 2002. News Release: "West Nile Virus Could Still Be A Concern". TAMU Agric. Communications: Texas A&M Univ. - College Station, TX.
Olson, J. K. (Ed.). 2002. Proceedings of the 45th Annual Meeting of the Texas Mosquito Control Association/South Central Regional Mosquito Control Conference. Tex. Mosq. Control Assoc: Huntsville, TX. 33 pp.
McCauley, G.N. and M.O. Way. 2002. Drain and harvest timing effects on rice grain drying and milling quality. Field Crops Research. 74:163-172.
Way, M.O. 2002. Rice arthropod pests and their management in the United States. In: Rice: Origin, History, Technology, and Production. eds. C. Wayne Smith and Robert H. Dilday. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Hoboken, New Jersey. pp. 437-456.
Way, M.O., R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez, G.N. McCauley and V.B. Langston. 2002. Evaluation of novel insecticides for rice water weevil control, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. 27:F83.
Way, M.O., R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez and G.N. McCauley. 2002. Timing of Karate Z for rice water weevil control, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. 27:F84.
Way, M.O., R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez and G.N. McCauley. 2002. Evaluation of Icon 6.2FS, Karate Z and Dimilin 2L for rice water weevil control, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. 27:F85.
Way, M.O., R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez and G.N. McCauley. 2002. Evaluation of seed treatments for rice water weevil control, 2001. Arthropod Management Tests. 27:F86.
Way, M.O., R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez and G.N. McCauley. 2002. Control of rice water weevil in a stale or tilled seedbed. Proceedings Conservation Tillage Cotton and Rice Conference. 5:45-48. (and presentation Jan. 24-25. Tunica, MS)
Way, M.O. 2002. Evaluation of Icon 6.2FS Under Reduced Seeding Rates. Texas Rice. vol. II, no. 1. p. 3.
Way, M.O. 2002. Pest of the Month: Channeled Apple Snail. Texas Rice. vol. II, no. 1. p. 12.
Way, M.O. 2002. Stem Borer Research; Icon 6.2FS vs Sharpshooters and Evaluating New Chemistry for Rice Water Weevil, Rice Stink Bug and Stem Borers. Texas Rice. vol. II, no. 4. pp. III-IV.
Way, M.O. 2002. IPM-FYI. Rice Journal. 105(5):12-13.
Way, M.O. 2002. Entomology Updates. In Rice Production Update. vol. 15, no. 4 (April).
Way, M.O. 2002. Rice Production Update. In Rice Production Update. vol. 15, no. 5 (June).
Way, M.O. 2002. Insect Management Alternatives. Rice Production Guidelines. D-1253. pp. 29-42.
Way, M.O., T.E. Reagan, R.G. Wallace, M.S. Nunez, L.J. Vawter, G.N. McCauley, V.B. Langston and K. Buchert. 2002. Recent stem borer research in Texas rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:91
Stout, M.J., J.L. Bernhardt, M. Boyd, L.D. Godfrey, J.T. Robbins and M.O. Way. 2002. Overview of integrated management programs for arthropod pests of rice. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:79.
McCauley, G.N., F.T. Turner and M.O. Way. 2002. Relationship of yield components to main and ratoon crop yield in large plot field test. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:136.
Jund, M., G.N. McCauley, M.O. Way, J. Vawter and F.T. Turner. 2002. Summary of semi-dwarf ratoon rice management research in Texas. Proceedings 29th Rice Technical Working Group. 29:137.
Way, M.O., J. Grichar, J.J. Heitholt, T. Isakeit and G.N. McCauley. 2002. Response of ESPS soybeans to irrigation, diseases and insects. Texas Plant Protection Conference. 14:28.
M. O. Way Contrituted to:
Roberts, Amy. 2002. Don‘t Bug Me. Rice Farming. vol. 36, no. 5 (April issue) pp. 8-9.
Rood, Mary Ann. 2002. Blackbird Control. Rice Journal. vol. 105, no. 3 (March issue). pp. 10-11.
Rood, Mary Ann. 2002. Weevil Wars. Rice Journal. vol. 105, no. 5 (May issue). pp. 14-15.
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