Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The meeting was convened at the University of Wisconsin Microbial Sciences Building. Tim Todd called the meeting to order at 8:30 on June 23. Following introductions and local arrangements information, participants proceeded with individual state reports. During the afternoon session, Steve Pueppke announced approval of the new project NC 1197. State reports were concluded and the annual Business Meeting was conducted on June 24. Tennessee was chosen as the preliminary site for the 2012 annual meeting. The primary purpose of the meeting was to report and discuss recent research results obtained since the last meeting which was held in June 2010. Objective 1. To develop, evaluate, improve and integrate management techniques for soybean cyst nematode in the NCR to increase grower profitability. Hundreds of soybean cultivars were evaluated for resistance to SCN in field and greenhouse trials in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Ontario, and Tennessee during 2010. Results were published online (see publications) and distributed at numerous field days and extension meetings. HG Type Tests were conducted in Illinois, Kansas, Ontario, and Wisconsin. Results confirmed that the ability to reproduce on PI 88788, the most common source of resistance, is widespread among SCN populations in the North Central Region, occurring in 30% to 80% of sampled populations. Soybean cultivars with different sources of resistance were compared in several states. In Indiana, a 15 bu/a yield increase was observed for a cultivar with the Peking source of resistance, while in Arkansas, the PI437654 source of resistance provided greater nematode population reductions and greater yields than PI 88788 or Peking. Objective 2. To better understand and apply the concepts of invasion biology as revealed by SCN epidemiology. The Universities of Minnesota and Vermont are collaborating on a 4-year field experiment conducted in two locations in Waseca County in Southern Minnesota. The experiment is a split-plot design with no-till and conventional tillage as main plots, and five crop sequence-biocide treatments as subplots. Season 2 samples were collected at planting, midseason and harvest and analyzed. Treatment effects on the nematode suppressiveness were more evident in 2010 than 2009. Formaldehyde treatment of soil reduced fungal parasitism of SCN second-stage juveniles (J2) at planting and increased SCN population density at midseason. Conventional tillage resulted in greater SCN population density at midseason compared with no-till. Phosphatase and glycosidase were positively associated with soil suppressiveness to SCN. In Michigan, the hypothesis that site-specific management is more appropriate than one-size-fits-all approach to managing parasitic variability was tested using two SCN populations in compost and commercial fertilizer amended sandy and sandy loam soils. In four greenhouse experiments, interaction effects of SCN population × amendment, SCN × soil type, amendment × soil type and/or SCN × amendment × soil type were statistically significant. The results suggest that best nematode management outcomes may not be achieved without considering the nematode population, the soil conditions and the management option together. Objective 3. To develop a decision-support database for management of SCN and other regionally important nematodes. A list of SCN-resistant soybean varieties available to Iowa growers was compiled in 2010. Soybean cultivar resistance ratings were published online in Illinois, Kansas, and Tennessee (see publications). Future databases will be posted on the NCSRP website www.planthealth.info.

Short-term Outcomes: Data on the diversity of SCN virulence phenotypes across the region were shared. Additional unbiased information on SCN resistant varieties and soybean yield in relation to SCN population density was made available in 2010. Outputs: Publications are reported in the Publications section. Activities: Objective 1: Soybean cultivars were evaluated for SCN resistance and SCN virulence phenotypes were surveyed across the region. Rotations of soybean cultivars derived from different sources of resistance were compared. Objective 2: The second year of a multi-state experiment on soil suppressiveness was conducted. Objective 3: SCN resistance ratings for commercial soybean cultivars were compiled and published online. Milestones: An extensive dataset consisting of 3 years of observations on SCN resistance reactions among commercial soybean cultivars and the diversity of SCN virulence phenotypes has been compiled for the North Central Region. The prevalence of SCN populations that are virulent on PI 88788, the most common source of resistance, has been documented.

Journal Articles Bao, Y., Neher, D.A., and Chen, S. 2010. Effect of soil disturbance and biocides on nematode communities and extracellular enzyme activity in soybean cyst nematode suppressive soil. Nematology. DOI:10.1163/138855410X541230. Bernard, E.C., Handoo, Z.A., Powers, T.O., Donald, P.A., and Heinz, R.D. 2010. Vittatidera zeaphila (Nematoda:Heteroderidae), a new genus and species of cyst nematode parasitic on corn (Zea mays). Journal of Nematology 42:139-150. Delheimer, J. C., T. Niblack, M. Schmidt, G. Shannon, and B. W. Diers. 2010. Comparison of the effects in field tests of soybean cyst nematode resistance genes from different resistance sources. Crop Sci. 50: 2231-2239. Faghihi, J, P. A. Donald, G. Noel, T. Welacky, and V. R. Ferris. 2010. Soybean resistance to field populations of Heterodera glycines in selected geographic areas. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2010-0426-01-RS. Kim, M., D. L. Hyten, T.L. Niblack, and B. W. Diers. 2011. Stacking resistance alleles from wild and domestic soybean sources improves soybean cyst nematode resistance. Crop Science 51:934-943. Mekete, T., K. Reynolds, H. D. Lopez-Nicora, M. E. Gray, and T. L. Niblack. 2010. Plant-parasitic nematodes, potential pathogens of Miscanthus x giganteus and Panicum virgatum used for biofuels. Plant Disease 95:413-418. Mekete, T., K. Reynolds, H. D. Lopez-Nicora, M. E. Gray, and T. L. Niblack. 2010. Distribution and diversity of root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus spp.) associated with Miscanthus x giganteus and Panicum virgatum used for biofuels and species identification in a multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Nematology DOI:10.1163/ 138855410X538153. Melakeberhan, H., A. Kravchenko, J. Dahl, and D. Warncke (2010). Effects of soil types and Meloidogyne hapla on the multi-purpose uses of arugula (Eruca sativa). Nematology, 12: 115-120. Melakeberhan, H. (2010). Assessing cross-disciplinary efficiency of soil amendments for agro-biologically, economically, and ecologically integrated soil health management. Journal of Nematology, 42: 73-77. Melito, S., Heuberger, A. L., Cook, D., Diers, B. W., MacGuidwin, A. E., and Bent, A. F. 2010. A nematode demographics assay in transgenic roots reveals no significant impacts of the Rhg1 locus LRR-Kinase on soybean cyst nematode resistance. BMC Plant Biology 2010, 10:104 http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2229/10/104 Mennan, S. and H. Melakeberhan (2010). Effect of biosolid amendment on populations of Meloidogyne hapla and soils with different textures and pHs. Bioresource Technology, 101:7169-7175. Pedersen, P., G. L. Tylka, A, Mallarino, A. E. MacGuidwin, N. C. Koval, and C. R. Grau. 2010. Correlation between soil pH, Heterodera glycines population densities, and soybean yield. Crop Science 50:1458-1464. Rotundo, J.L., G.L. Tylka, and P. Pedersen. 2010. Source of resistance affects soybean yield, yield components, and biomass accumulation in Heterodera glycines-infested fields. Crop Science 50:2565-2574. Schapaugh Jr., W.T., T. Todd, J. Reese, J. Diaz-Montano, J. Meng, and C.M. Smith. 2010. Registration of K1639-2 soybean germplasm resistant to soybean cyst nematode and soybean aphid. Journal of Plant Registrations 4:67-69. Schroeder, N. E., and MacGuidwin, A. E. 2010. Behavioral quiescence reduces the penetration and toxicity of exogenous compounds in second-stage juveniles of Heterodera glycines. Nematology, 12:277-287. Schroeder, N. E., and MacGuidwin, A. E. 2010. Mortality and behavior in Heterodera glycines juveniles following exposure to isothiocyanate compounds. J. Nematology 42:194-200. Abstracts Arias, M.M.D., G. Tylka, L. Leandro, and G. Munkvold. 2010. Effects of soybean cyst nematode infestation and resistance on Fusarium root rot on soybeans. Phytopathology volume 100, no. 6, suppl. 1, p. S30. Donald, P.A., and Tyler, D.D. 2010. Effects of tillage on the interaction of soybean rhizosphere organisms. Journal of Nematology (in press). Donald, P.A., Allen, P.B., Sistani, K., Tyler, D.D., and Tewolde, H. 2010. Effect of poultry litter on Heterodera glycines reproduction. Phytopathology 100:S30. Faghihi, Jamal, R. A. Vierling and V. R. Ferris. 2010. Effect of fall annual rye grass seeding on soybean cyst nematode. Journal of Nematology (in press). Lopez-Nicora, H. D., J.P. Craig, and T.L. Niblack. 2010. Determination of soybean cultivar resistance to soybean cyst nematode with quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Abstracts of the Annual Meeting of the Society of Nematologists: 76. Journal of Nematology (in press). Lopez-Nicora, H. D., T. Mekete, K. Reynolds, M. E. Gray, and T.L. Niblack. 2010. Distribution and diversity of Pratylenchus spp. associated with biofuel crops and species identification in a multiplex PCR assay. Phytopathology 100:S74. MacGuidwin, A. E. 2010. Population dynamics of Pratylenchus penetrans on corn and the relationship of nematode population densities and corn yield. Society of Nematologists, Boise, Idaho. Journal of Nematology (in press). Mekete, Tesfamariam, Kimberly Reynolds, Horacio D. Lopez-Nicora, Michael E. Gray, and Terry L. Niblack. 2010. Development of species specific primers for molecular diagnostics of plant-parasitic nematodes associated with Miscanthus x giganteus and Panicum virgatum used for biofuels. Journal of Nematology (in press). Melakeberhan, H. (2010). Are we overlooking adaptation and interaction effects when managing nematode parasitic variability? 30th International Symposium of the European Society of Nematologists. 25. Nishanthan, T.and Neher, D.A. Ecology of nematode suppressive soils in Midwest soybean-cropping systems, 2011. Soil Ecology Society, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada, 24-27 May 2011. Tylka, G.L. 2010. Maximizing effectiveness of extension education efforts. Proceedings of the 49th annual meeting of the Society of Nematologists, p. 117-118. Welacky, T.W., J. Faghihi, P. Donald, G. Noel, and V. Ferris. 2010. Soybean Resistance to field populations of Heterodera glycines in selected geographic areas. 30th International Symposium of the European Society of Nematologists Proceedings, p.139. Research Reports Allen, F.L., Johnson, R., Williams, R.C., Jr, McClure, A.T., Newman, M., Donald, P. Soybean Variety Performance Tests in Tennessee. 2010. http://varietytrials.tennessee.edu/pdffiles/2010trialdata/soybean_FINALrpt.pdf. Research Report 11-03. University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture (Technical Bulletin). Andrews, B., SCN Management Update . 2010, Top Crop Manager, v36, no. 17. Cary, T. R. and Diers, B. 2010 Northern Regional Soybean Cyst Nematode Test report, Group I-IV. Urbana, IL : University of Illinois, Dept. of Crop Sciences. Esker, P., A. MacGuidwin, and R. Proost. 2010. Nematodes: The overlooked yield robbers of corn and soybean. UW Extension. Giesler, L. et al. 2010. Soybean Cyst Nematode Management : Understanding How Management Actions Influence Nematode Populations. http://www.planthealth.info/ LeBoeuf, Ontario Research & Development Program (ORDP), Project # ORD-008, Monitoring for early warning of new Sugarbeet Pests in Ontario. 2010 Interim Report. Niblack, T.L. 2010. SCN resistance ratings, in the Variety Information Program for Soybeans (VIPS) at www.vipsoybeans.org. Schmidt, M. Schmidt, C. et al. 2010. The Sudden Death Syndrome Regional Tests, Annual Report. North Central Soybean Research Program Report. Southern Illinois University of Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois. Todd, T.C. and W.T. Schapaugh. Female indices and SDS ratings for the 2010 Kansas Soybean Performance Test entries. http://www.agronomy.ksu.edu/extension/~/doc3502.ashx Welacky, T.W. Annual Reports - Ontario Soybean Variety Trials. Ontario Oil and Protein Seed Crop Committee. 12p. Extension Publications Diaz Arias, M., G.L. Tylka, A. Robertson, L. Leandro, and G. Munkvold. 2010. Fusarium root rot of soybean - occurrence, impact, and relationship with soybean cyst nematode. Proceedings of the 2010 Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management Conference, pp. 115-123. Mueller, D., A. Robertson, A. Sisson, and G. Tylka. 2010. Soybean diseases. Iowa State University Extension Publication CSI 0004, 36 pp. Tylka, G.L. and M. P. Mullaney. 2010. Soybean cyst nematode-resistant soybeans for Iowa. Iowa State University Extension Publication PM 1649, 27 pp. Tylka, G.L., G.D. Gebhart, and C.C. Marett. 2010. Evaluation of soybean varieties resistant to soybean cyst nematode in Iowa - 2009. Iowa State University Extension, publication IPM 52. Tylka, G.L., G.D. Gebhart, C.C. Marett, M.P. Mullaney, and S.N. Wiggs. 2010. Evaluation of soybean varieties resistant to soybean cyst nematode in Iowa - 2010. Iowa State University Extension, publication IPM 52. Conference proceedings Tylka, G. 2010. Corn nematodes: what will 2010 hold for us? Proceedings of the Iowa State University Crop Advantage Series, page 13. Tylka, G. 2010. Nematodes that feed on corn - what to make of it all. Proceedings of the 2010 Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management Conference, pp. 97-101. Tylka, G. 2010. SCN: what will 2010 hold for us? Proceedings of the Iowa State University Crop Advantage Series, page 14. Tylka, G. 2010. The increase in SCN reproduction on resistant soybean varieties - what does it mean? Proceedings of the 2010 Iowa State University Integrated Crop Management Conference, pp. 103-105. Grant Proposals Funded Bissonette, S. CSREES Extension IPM Coordination and Support Program. 2009-2010. Corn Nematode Survey, Niblack, $37,596. Donald, P.A. Tennessee Soybean Promotion Board. Managing Soybean Cyst Nematode in High Risk Fields. Donald, P.A. United Soybean Board. Investigations into the occurrence, distribution and impact of nematodes in soybean fields in the southern United States. Faghihi, J. and V. R. Ferris. NCSRP: Improving Management or Soybean Cyst Nematode through Extension Demonstration and Outreach. $21,000 (to Purdue). Giesler, L. and C. Bradley. 2009-2010. Improving management of soybean cyst nematode through extension demonstration and outreach. North Central Soybean Research Program. Niblack, $57,000. Lambert, K.N., and Niblack, T. L. 2009-2010and 2010-2011. Application of biotechnology to control of the soybean cyst nematode. United Soybean Board. Niblack, $156,000. Lambert, K.N., T. Niblack, and B. Diers. 2010-2011. Molecular tracking of Glycine tomentella chromosomes to facilitate the introgression of disease resistance genes into soybean. Dow AgroSciences. $72,910. Lambert, K.N., T. Niblack, and B. Diers. 2010-2011. High-Resolution Evaluation of SCN Resistant Soybean Using Inbred Nematode Lines. $80,201. Dow AgroSciences. Niblack, T. L. 2010. Illinois Soybean Association, Soybean Cyst Nematode Managed Research Area. $250,000. Robbins, R.T. Control of New Soybean Cyst Nematode Races using Rotation of Different Roundup Ready and Conventional Soybean Varieties: Approved for 2011-13. Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board. Robbins, R.T. Commercialization and Discovery of Biocontrol Agents for Soybean Nematodes: Approved for 2010-12. Arkansas Soybean Promotion Board. Schapaugh, W.T., T.C. Todd, H.N. Trick, and J. Long. 2010-2011. Trait and Production Efficiency Enhancement in Soybean. Kansas Soybean Commission. $281,000 (Todd, $86,000). Welacky, T.W. Grain Farmers of Ontario - Practical management of Soybean Cyst Nematode - Part 2.