SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Sections

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

Aaron, Debra (daaron@email.uky.edu) - University of Kentucky Burke, Joan (joan.burke@ars.usda.gov) - USDA, ARS, Arkansas Ehrhardt, Richard (ehrhard5@msu.edu) - Michigan State University Getz, Will (getzw@fvsu.edu) - ASI Hatfield, Patrick (hatfield@montana.edu) Montana State University Held, Jeff (Jeffrey.Held@sdstate.edu) - South Dakota State University Irlbeck, Nancy (Nancy.Irlbeck@colostate.edu) Colorado State University Leymaster, Kreg (kreg.leymaster@ars.usda.gov) - USDA, ARS, MARC LeValley, Steve (steve.levalley@colostate.edu) Lupton, Chris (C_Lupton@tamu.edu) Texas AgriLife Research Miller, Larry R. (larryrmiller@atlanticbo.net) ASGC Miller, Jim (jmille1@lsu.edu) - Louisiana State University Mikolayunas, Claire (mikolayunas@wisc.edu)  University of Wisconsin, Madison Morrical, Dan (morrical@iastate.edu) - Iowa State University Redden, Reid (reid.redden@ndsu.edu) North Dakota State University Rodgers, Paul (prodgers2@earthlink.net) - ASI Schoenian, Susan (sschoen@umd.edu) - University of Maryland Schauer, Chris (Christopher.schauer@ndsu.edu)  North Dakota State University Slyter, Lowell  (lowell_slyter@hotmail.com) SGRJ Thomas, Dave (dlthomas@wisc.edu) - University of Wisconsin, Madison Thonney, Michael L. (mlt2@cornell.edu) Cornell University Thonney, Mike (mlt2@cornell.edu)  Cornell University Walker, John (JWalker@ag.tamu.edu) Texas AgriLife Research Wildeus, Stephan (swildeus@vsu.edu) - Virginia State University Zerby, Henry (zerby.8@osu.edu)  Ohio State University

[Minutes]

Accomplishments

Cornell University, New York - Data were collected to quantify at maintenance, and at higher intakes, the effect of level of intake on digestibility of organic matter and NDF in diets with a range of expected digestible NDF. This information will be used to better estimate suggested levels of fermentable NDF for sheep. The effect on lamb mortality and growth rates of pasture lambing ewes from a flock that had only been barn-lambed for generations were quantified. Blood samples were collected twice weekly from mid-February to mid-May 2011 to document estrous cycles and pregnancy of ¼ East Friesian x ¾ Dorset yearling ewes scheduled to lamb in August 2011. These phenotypes will be used to identify DNA markers for ability to lamb aseasonally. The Cornell STAR accelerated lambing system has been shown to be a feasible way of making better use of buildings and equipment and year-round labor. It also increases opportunities to take advantage of optimal times to market lambs. Methods continue to be tested to improve reproductive rates and lamb survival under the system. Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA  Arkansas Several long term research projects have been initiated to examine the long term effect of alternatives to chemical dewormers on GIN population, lamb production, and economics of using these technologies. Studies on the integration of FAMACHA, copper oxide wire particles and sericea lespedeza have been published. Louisiana State University This research group continues to demonstrate viable alternative methods for sustainable parasitic nematode control which will benefit sheep production in low input systems. Michigan State University Outreach accomplishments involved initiation and development of several educational programs in 2010 on various topics that limit small ruminant production in the upper Midwest including: Indoor birth management, Pasture birth management, Grazing management and integration of small ruminants into cropping systems, Integrated parasite management, Accelerated production, and Time management issues in small ruminant production. Applied research efforts are on-going in the areas of integrated parasite management, accelerated production, and integration of grazing with cropping systems. A new course was offered for DVM students as a clinical clerkship entitled Small Ruminant Production Medicine. South Dakota State University Our work with co-products, soyhulls and DDGS, has demonstrated these feed ingredients can lower unit cost of production, improve production efficiency and reduce labor requirements in sheep operations. Studies with another co-product, pelleted corn stover, could lead to even greater labor and cost efficiencies for intensively managed sheep. Lamb performance trials with diets formulated with corn stover were conducted in 2010 and ewe gestation feeding trials are planned for 2011. The EAZI-BREED CIDR was equally effective for estrus synchronization using a 6 or 12 d insertion period in seasonally anestrous Polypay sired commercial ewes. Data from this study has been presented at local and regional extension sheep programs, with an invitation to address a national audience at the 2011 Sheep Leadership School. The sheep CIDR has many possible applications to improve labor efficiency, enhance flock reproductive efficiency and add profit margin to the sheep industry. Texas Agrilife Research  Texas A & M System A study has been implemented to estimate performance differences between Dorper and Rambouillet ewes. Estimates of breed differences for fertility, number of lambs born, lamb birth weight, lamb weaning weight, and lamb carcass traits were documented from records on ewes from 2 to 7 years of age. The main objective of this study is to evaluate lifetime lamb production from Dorper and Rambouillet ewes. U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA  Nebraska Plans are being implemented to increase the number of easy-care sheep for evaluation in a low-input, pasture-lambing production system to about 2,000 head. Flocks of Katahdin and Polypay sheep are being genetically managed to represent contemporary industry germplasm and to serve as industry controls for future research on easy-care breeds at USMARC. An experiment was started to estimate gene action of marker genotypes on ovine progressive pneumonia (OPP) incidence under conditions of natural challenge. University of Maryland The University of Maryland Small Ruminant Extension Program is a leader in teaching integrated parasite management (IPM) techniques, including the FAMACHA© system to sheep and goat producers in Maryland and other states. Since 2004, more than 1,200 producers in twelve states and three provinces have been certified in the use of the FAMACHA© system. Follow-up surveys indicate that more than 90 percent of producers who participate in the training use the FAMACHA© system to help them make deworming decisions. University of the Virgin Islands During the past year the Animal Science Program has given tours of the Sheep Research Facility to over 300 students from the public schools. The Animal Science Program mentored three undergraduate students supported by funds from the USDA-NIFA grant for resident instruction in agriculture in the insular areas (No. 2006-38416-17727). Virginia State University - Work was completed on various components for a liquid semen AI system for use in hair sheep to readily transfer germplasm between small holder farms.

Impacts

  1. Cornell University, New York - The effects of indigestible (INDF) and fermentable (FNDF) portions of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on digestibility by weaned lambs and mature ewes were quantified so that farmers can balance the animal health advantages of added FNDF against the reduction in growth rate and feed efficiency. Pasture lambing was shown to have the same lamb mortality as barn lambing for ewes from a flock that had not pasture-lambed for generations.
  2. South Dakota State University - Over 50 sheep producers attended the 10th annual SDSU Regional Sheep Forum at the SDSU Sheep Unit Brookings, SD. Survey results indicated many new producers, and 50 % of the producers were attending their first forum. Producers were from SD, MN and IA with more than 6,800 commercial stock ewes represented in the audience. The theme was Keys to Success at Lambing Time. Presentations focused on improving animal reproductive efficiency and reducing labor requirements during the lambing season. A key topic discussed was ewe synchronization using the sheep EAZI-BREED CIDR. Utilizing the recently approved sheep EAZI-BREED CIDR to synchronize the breeding period for seasonally anestrous ewes in fall and traditional winter-spring lambing systems would reduce lambing period labor requirements by 50% or 2 hrs per ewe annually.
  3. Louisiana State University - Results indicated that under the conditions of this study, there may not be much of a benefit of supplementing grazing lambs with a 75% SL pellet at 25-40% total intake.
  4. Michigan State University Michigan State University outreach efforts have focused on providing producers with educational programs and demonstrations on how to improve production efficiency. These efforts included programs on: reducing feed costs through improved grazing management and extending the grazing season; reducing labor with streamlined approaches to both indoor and pasture birth management; improving animal health and productivity with an integrated approach to parasite management; and improving seasonal supply, production per ewe and reducing maintenance cost with accelerated production. Enrollment in accelerated production went from 0 to 4820 ewes (10 farms) in Michigan in one year as a result of these programs.
  5. North Dakota State University - Following the 5 day label recommendation of recently approved sheep CIDRs does not adequately synchronize estrus without additional exogenous hormones. Sheep producers should not use feed efficiency traits determined on self-feeders to predict gain efficiency of ewes when fed at maintenance.
  6. Texas Agrilife Research, Texas A&M System - Texas AgriLife Research conducts range sheep production research to provide information to sheep producers. Knowldege of performance differences between Dorper and Rambouillet ewes will provide producers with information needed to make an informed choice about expected performance of these breeds. The Dorper breed is relatively new to the US and little comparative research with US breeds has been documented.
  7. U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Nebraska - Highly productive crossbred ewes can be produced by using either rams or ewes of prolific breeds. If prolific ewes are used, then lambs are often born in litters of three or four, which generally require more care. If rams of prolific breeds are mated to ewes of common breeds, then lambs are typically born as singles and twins, requiring little intervention. The first approach requires fewer prolific ewes to produce a given number of crossbred daughters than the second approach. Experimental results documented that crossbred ewes produced by both methods were similar in productivity and, therefore, producers should use the system that is most convenient for their situation.
  8. University of Maryland - The University of Maryland Small Ruminant Extension Program strives to be a leader in using internet technologies to disseminate researched-based knowledge to sheep and goat producers. The Maryland web sites have excellent recognition and use, as demonstrated by their high Google" presence.
  9. University of the Virgin Islands - OBJ 1 Impact Statement - Based on current feed costs, which includes shipping to the island, weaning lambs at 120 d of age would have a positive impact on the economics of producing hair sheep in the tropics by saving the producer ~ $11/hd. OBJ 4 Impact Statement - Producers in the USVI will be able to take advantage of the increased size and growth traits found in the Dorper crossbreds without impairing the overall productivity of their flocks.
  10. South Dakota State University - Over 50 sheep producers attended the 10th annual SDSU Regional Sheep Forum at the SDSU Sheep Unit Brookings, SD. Survey results indicated many new producers, and 50 % of the producers were attending their first forum. Producers were from SD, MN and IA with more than 6,800 commercial stock ewes represented in the audience. The theme was Keys to Success at Lambing Time. Presentations focused on improving animal reproductive efficiency and reducing labor requirements during the lambing season. A key topic discussed was ewe synchronization using the sheep EAZI-BREED CIDR. Utilizing the recently approved sheep EAZI-BREED CIDR to synchronize the breeding period for seasonally anestrous ewes in fall and traditional winter-spring lambing systems would reduce lambing period labor requirements by 50% or 2 hrs per ewe annually.
  11. Virginia State University - Gastrointestinal parasites are a major constraint to sheep production in the southeastern U.S. Incorporated juniper meal leaf to be into diets may have potential towards controlling nematode parasites in lambs
  12. University of Wisconsin, Madison - The University of Wisconsin-Madison operates the only dairy sheep production research unit in North America. The research and outreach activities from this unit provide valuable information to the developing dairy sheep industry in the U.S., Canada, and Mexico. An example of the growth of the industry is evident in the increased marketing of sheep milk by the Wisconsin Sheep Dairy Cooperative. In 2010, the cooperative marketed approximately 495,000 kg of sheep milk. This is 24 times the amount of milk they marketed in their initial year of 1996 and more than 2.5 times the amount of milk they marketed in 2003. In March 2011, the second 4.5-day intensive Dairy Sheep School was held at the Spooner Agricultural Research Station of the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Publications

Cornell University, New York Staiger, E. A., M. L. Thonney, J. W. Buchanan, E. R. Rogers, P. A. Oltenacu, and R. G. Mateescu. 2010. Candidate genes for milk production in sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 93:1736-1742. Mateescu, R. G. and M. L. Thonney. 2010. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for aseasonal reproduction in sheep. Animal Genetics 41:454459. Mateescu, R. G. and M. L. Thonney. 2010. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for milk production in sheep. Animal Genetics 41:460466. Buchanan, J. W., M. L. Thonney, and R.G. Mateescu. 2010. Effect of to PFKM and TFDP2 gene expression on muscle growth in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 2, p. 629. Hein, D. C. and M. L. Thonney. 2010. Effect of level of intake on digestibility of NDF of soybean hull diets in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 2, p. 785. Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA - Arkansas Journal Articles: Burke, J.M., Whitley, N.C., Pollard, D.A. J. Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H. Moulton, K.E., 2011. Dose titration of sericea lespedeza leaf meal on Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs and kids. Vet. Parasitol. (In Press). Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Terrill, T.H., Kearney, M.T., 2011. A comparison of two integrated approaches of controlling nematode parasites in small ruminants. Vet. Parasitol. (In Press; doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.01.003). Joshi, B.R., Kommuru, D.S., Terrill, T.H., Mosjisis J.A., Burke, J.M., Shakya, K.P., Miller, J.E., 2011. Responses of Sericea lespedeza feeding in goats experimentally infected with Haemonchus contortus. Vet. Parasitol. (In Press). Burke, J.M., Orlik, S., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Mosjidis, J.A., 2010. Using copper oxide wire particles or sericea lespedeza to prevent a peri-parturient gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep and goats. Livestock Science 132, 13-18. Burke, J.M., Soli, F., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Wildeus, S., Shaik, S.A., Getz, W.R., Vanguru, M., 2010. Administration of copper oxide wire particles in a capsule or feed for gastrointestinal nematode control in goats. Vet. Parasitol. 168:346-350. Soli, F., Terrill, T.H., Shaik, S.A., Getz, W.R., Miller, J.E., Vanguru, M., Burke, J.M., 2010. Efficacy of copper oxide wire particles against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and goats. Vet. Parasitol. 168, 93-96. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., 2011. Influence of season of lambing on gastrointestinal nematode infection of lambs. J Anim Sci 89 (Suppl. 3), (Abstr). Burke, J.M., Mosjidis, J.A., Miller, J.E., Casey, P., Terrill, T.H., 2011. Sunn hemp with chicory or pearl millet to minimize gastrointestinal nematode infection in weaned goats. J Anim Sci 89 (Suppl. 3), (Abstr). Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Garza, J., Terrill, T.H., Callahan, S., 2011. Comparison of copper oxide wire particles, copper sulfate and anthelmintic treatment for controlling gastrointestinal nematode infection in lambs. J Anim Sci 89 (Suppl. 3), (Abstr). Kommuru, D.S., Terrill, T.H., Joshi, B.R., Mechineni, A., Gujja, S., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Burke, J.M., 2011. Effect of feeding sericea lespedeza leaf meal on establishment of gastrointestinal nematode larvae in goats. J Anim Sci 89 (Suppl. 3), (Abstr). Gujja, S., Terrill, T.H., Mosjidis, J.A., Miller, J.E., Mechineni, A., Kommuru, D.S., Burke, J.M., 2011. Effect of supplemental sericea lespedeza leaf meal pellets on gastrointestinal nematode infection in grazing goats. A.R.D. Whitley, N., Perdue, M., Schoenian, S., Kaplan, R., Storey, B., Terrill, T., Burke, J., Mobini, S., Miller, J., 2011. Impact of Small Ruminant Integrated Parasite Management and FAMACHA© Training in the United States. J Anim Sci 89 (Suppl. 3), (Abstr). Vest, J.L., Brown, M.A., Kohler, J.D., Hudson, M.D., Nusz, S.R., Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mackown, C.T., Walker, E.L., 2011. Effects of feeding sericea lespedeza as a natural anthelmintic for Haemonchus contortus in lactating does. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (Abstr.). Reyes Herrera1, I., Donoghue, A.M., Moyle, J.R., Goodwin, H.L., Burke, J.M., Burner, D., Raper, R., Fanatico, A.C., Gekara, O., Kuepper, G., Wells, A., Spencer, T., Hale, M., Donoghue, D.J., 2011. Development of a comprehensive and integrated educational program for beginning farmers and ranchers. Moyle, J.R., Donoghue, A.M., Reyes Herrera, I., H.L. Goodwin, H.L., Burke, J.M., Burner, D., Raper, R., Fanatico, A.C., Gekara, O., Kuepper, G., Wells, A., Spencer, T., Hale, M., Donoghue, D.J., 2011. Opportunities for veterans in agriculture: Development of an integrated educational and training program for new farmers and ranchers. Whitley, N.C., Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Moulton, K., Townsend, L., Horton, J.R., French, J., Cooper, A.K., 2011. Sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) leaf meal pellets fed to gastrointestinal nematode infected goats. J. Anim. Sci. 89 (Abstr.). Louisiana State University Soli, F., Terrill, T.H., Shaik, S.A., Getz, W.R., Miller, J.E., Vanguru, M., Burke, J.M., 2010. Efficacy of copper oxide wire particles against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and goats. Vet Parasitol 168, 93-96. Burke, J.M., Soli, F., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Wildeus, S., Shaik, S.A., Getz, W.R., Vanguru, M., 2010. Administration of copper oxide wire particles in a capsule or feed for gastrointestinal nematode control in goats. Vet Parasitol 168, 346-350. Burke, J.M., Orlik, S., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Mosjidis, J.A., 2010. Using copper oxide wire particles or sericea lespedeza to prevent a peri-parturient gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep and goats. Livestock Sci 132, 13-18. Miller, J.E., Olcott, B.M., Bath, G.F., 2010. Infectious and parasitic diseases. In: S. Solaiman (Ed.), Goat Science and Production, Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, IA: 217-240. Hadfield, T.S., Miller, J.E., Wu, C., Cockett, N.E., 2010. High-resolution RH mapping of QTL regions for parasite resistance in sheep. Proc XVIII Conf Plant and Animal Genome: 217. Miller, J.E., De la Garza, C., Martins, M., 2010. Evaluation of the effectiveness of copper oxide wire particles vs. copper sulfate for Haemonchus contortus control in grazing lambs. Proc USDA SCC-81, 21-22. Miller, J.E., Ming, L., Burke, J.M. Terrill, T.H., 2010. Evaluation of the effectiveness of grazing sericea lespedeza as a deworming paddock against Haemonchus contortus infection in lambs. Proc USDA SCC-81, 22-23. Cockett, N., Hadfield, T., Miller, J., McCulloch, R., Kijas, J., 2010. Genetic diversity and selection within Rambouillet and Gulf Coast Native breeds. Proc 32nd Inter Conf for Anim Genet: Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., 2010. Grazing sericea lespedeza for controlling natural nematode infection in ewes and lambs. Proc USDA NCERA-214, 50-52. Burke, J.M., Morgan, J., Notter, D., Miller, J.E., 2010. Examining the relationship of fecal egg counts of ewes during the peri-parturient period and their offspring. Proc USDA NCERA-214, 46-47. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., 2010. Influence of season of lambing on gastrointestinal nematode infection. Proc USDA NCERA-214, 47-49. Cockett., N., Hadfield, T., Miller, J., McCulloch, R., Kijas, J., 2010. Genetic Diversity and Selection within Rambouillet and Gulf Coast Native Breeds. Proc USDA NCERA-214, 56. Hadfield, T.S., Miller, J.E., Wu, C., Kijas, J., Cockett, N.E., 2010. The Use of a High-density SNP Array for Identifying Genetic Regions Controlling Parasite Resistance in Sheep. Proc USDA NCERA-214, 56. Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Burke, J.M., Mosjidis, J.A., Whitley, N.C., 2010. Dose titration effect of sericea lespedeza feed pellets on gastrointestinal nematode infection in lambs. Proc 55th Ann Meet Amer Assoc Vet Parasitol: 45. Luginbuhl, J.-M., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Glennon, H.M., 2010. Evaluation of sericea lespedeza as a summer forage and natural parasite control for grazing goats. J Anim Sci 88 (E-Supple. 3), 31. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., 2010. Integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) using sericea lespedeza (SL), FAMACHA, and copper oxide wire particles (COWP) in weaned goats in Arkansas. J Anim Sci 88 (E-Supple. 3), 31. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., 2010. Integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) using sericea lespedeza (SL), FAMACHA, and copper oxide wire particles (COWP) in weaned lambs in Arkansas. J Anim Sci 88 (E-Supple. 3), 31-32. Terrill, T.H., Joshi, B.R., Kommuru1, D.S., Mechineni, A., Gujja, S., Kamisetti, N.R., Dzimianski, S.L., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Burke, J.M., 2010. Feeding sericea lespedeza leaf meal to goats: effect on gastrointestinal nematode infection. J Anim Sci 88 (E-Supple. 3), 32. Whitley, N.C., Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., 2010. Influence of diets containing sericea lespedeza leaf meal on gastrointestinal parasite fecal egg counts in goats. J Anim Sci 88 (E-Supple. 3), 33. Michigan State University Ehrhardt, R.A. 2010. Critical Control Points for Lamb Survival. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Sheep Seminars: Keeping lambs alive. Ehrhardt, R.A. 2010. Optimizing Maternal Nutrition to Reduce Loss at Birth. Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs Sheep Seminars: Keeping lambs alive. Ehrhardt, R.A. 2010. Ensure that your grass is greener  integrate composting into your grazing operation. Michigan Farmer Magazine, July issue. Ehrhardt, R.A. 2010. Grazing lambs-key considerations for successful weaning. Michigan Shepherd News Ehrhardt, R.A. 2010. Parasite management in sheep: Part 1. Why current practices are failing and new directions for improvement. Michigan Shepherd News Ehrhardt, R.A. 2010. Dietary vitamin E supplementation: An inexpensive preventative health strategy for sheep. Michigan Shepherd News Ehrhardt, R.A. 2010. Is out of season lamb production a practice to consider for your flock? Part 3: Nutritional management of the high performance accelerated flock. Michigan Shepherd News Ehrhardt, R.A. 2009. Winter Grazing-an underutilized opportunity for sheep producers. Hay and Grazier, MI forage council Ehrhardt, R.A. 2009. Is out of season lamb production a practice to consider for your flock? Part 2: Resources required for a successful accelerated production program. Michigan Shepherd News Ehrhardt, R.A. 2009. Is out of season lamb production a practice to consider for your flock? Part 1. Introduction to out of season lamb production models and factors important in overcoming the seasonal constraint on fertility. Michigan Shepherd News Ehrhardt, R.A. 2009. What size sheep should I raise?-Understanding the relationship between mature size and body composition can improve whole flock efficiency and lamb quality. Michigan Shepherd News Ehrhardt, R.A. 2009. The ram effect: Overview and considerations of how it many improve sheep management. Michigan Shepherd News Ehrhardt, R.A. 2009. Winter Grazing-an underutilized opportunity for sheep producers. Michigan Hay and Grazier, Fall issue. Foskolos A.F., S. Hileman, A. Gertler, R.A. Ehrhardt and Y.R Boisclair. 2011. The role of central leptin signaling in orchestrating peripheral metabolic adaptations in mature sheep. (accepted and invited for oral presentation at: Oskar Kellner Symposium: Metabolic Flexibility in Animal and Human Nutrition; Warnemunde, Germany) North Dakota State University Jackson, C. G., T. L. Neville, C. R. Dahlen, and R. R. Redden. 2011. Estrus synchronization in sheep using gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin, and controlled internal drug release inserts. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 62: Redden, R.R., L. M. M. Surber, B. L. Roeder, and R. W. Kott. 2011. Residual feed intake does not predict efficiency of limit-fed ewe lambs. N. Dak. Sheep Res. Report 52; 3-6. South Dakota State University Beck, R. M., A.E. Wertz-Lutz, C.L. Wright, J.E. Held, R.D. Zelinsky, and C.L. Delvauz. 2010. Effects of glycerol and sire breed on growth and carcass traits of finishing wether lambs. J. Anim. Sci.. 88 (e-supple 3) Abstr. 81. Walker, J. A., G.A. Perry, R. Salverson, P. Nester, C.S. Schauer, J.E. Held and K.C. Olson. 2011. Evaluating glycerin supplementation on reproductive performance of sheep. Proc, Western Section, ASAS. Beck, R. M., A. E. Wetz-Lutz, C. L. Wright, J. E. Held, R. D. Zelinsky, and C. L. Delvaux. 2010. Effects of glycerol and sire breed on growth and carcass traits of finishing wether lambs. 2010 Proc. of NCERA-190 Coordinating Committee. Held, J.E. 2010. SDSU Sheep Extension Programming and Producer Commitment. SD BOR Taylor, G. 2010. Economic Impact of Livestock  Sheep (Co-author) SD Dept. of Ag. Bulletin Held, J.E. 2010. Hampshire Task Force: Evaluating the breed infrastructure and future opportunities. AHSA Board of Directors and Committee Members Held, J.E. 2010. Sheep Industry Outlook. Tri-State Livestock News Held, J.E. 2010. Sheep production in an era of higher flock feed cost. Indian Head Sheep Breeders Winter Clinic. Barron, WI. Held, J.E. 2010. Growth performance and feed efficiency of finishing lambs fed co-product based diets. Indian Head Sheep Breeders Winter Clinic. Barron, WI. Held, J.E. 2010. Innovations in the sheep industry to improve labor efficiency. Indian Head Sheep Breeders Winter Clinic. Barron, WI. Held, J.E. 2010. Improving Lamb Growth Efficiency and Lowering Cost of Gain in Finishing Lambs are Keys to Profitable Sheep Production. Indian Head Sheep Breeders Winter Clinic. Barron, WI. Held, J.E. 2010. AHSA Task Force Final Summary. American Hampshire Sheep Association Annual Board Meeting, Louisville, KY. Held, J.E. 2011. Using the sheep CIDR to manage flock reproduction. Pipestone Lamb and Wool Lambing Time Shortcourse. Pipestone, MN. Texas A&M University System Agricultural Experiment Station Campbell, E. J., R. A. Frost, T. K. Mosley, J. C. Mosley, C. J. Lupton, C. A. Taylor, Jr., J. W. Walker, D. F. Waldron, and J. Musser. Pharmacokinetic differences in exposure to camphor after intraruminal dosing in selectively bred lines of goats. J Anim Sci 2010 88: 2620-2626. Blackburn, H. D., S. R. Paiva, S. Wildeus, W. Getz, D. Waldron, R. Stobart, D. Bixby, P. H. Purdy, C. Welsh, S. Spiller and M. Brown. Genetic Structure and Diversity among U. S. Sheep Breeds: Identification of the Major Gene Pools. J. Anim. Sci. doi:10.2527/jas.2010-3354. Texas AgriLife Waldron, D.F. and C.J. Lupton. 2011 Improvement of sheep through selection of performance-tested and progeny-tested breeding animals. Texas AgriLife Res. San Angelo. Rep. 2011-1. Waldron, D.F. 2010. Sire summary of ram test performance (1995  2011). Texas AgriLife Res. San Angelo. Rep. 2011-2. U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA  Nebraska Heaton, M. P., Leymaster, K. A., Kalbfleisch, T. S., Freking, B. A., Smith, T. P. L., Clawson, M. L., and Laegreid, W. W. Ovine reference materials and assays for prion genetic testing. BMC Veterinary Research (serial online) 6:23 (17 pages). Available: http:/www.biomedcentral.com/1746-6148/6/23. University of Maryland Whitley, N.C., Luginbuhl, J.M., Schoenian, S., and M. Worku. (2010). Survey of North Carolina small ruminant practices after parasite training. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 88, (E-Suppl. 3), 35. Perdue, M.A., Whitley, N.C., Schoenian, S., and D.J. OBrien. (2010). Impact evaluation of integrated parasite management training conducted in the Northeast U.S. over a two year period. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 88, (E-Suppl. 3), 35. N.C. Whitley, Perdue, M., Schoenian, S., Kaplan, R., Storey, B., Terrill, T., Burke, J., Mobini, S. and J. Miller (2011). Small ruminant integrated parasite management and FAMACHA© training in the United States. Abstracts. American Society of Animal Science Southern Section. 15. Schoenian, S.G., Bennett, M.B., Escobar, E.N., Gordon, D.L., Semler, J.W., and M.S. Updike. (2011). Carcass characteristics of pasture-raised goats. Abstracts. American Society of Animal Science Southern Section. 32. Schoenian, S. 2011. Sheep Diseases A-Z. The Shepherd. 55 (2):6-15. Schoenian, S. 2011. Late gestation in ewes and does. 14(1):11-13. University of the Virgin Islands Weiss S.A., J.P. Muir and R.W. Godfrey. 2010. Coral vine consumption by St. Croix White hair lambs. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 22, Article #97. Retrieved July 6, 2010, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/5/weis22097.htm Godfrey, R.W., L. Larson, A.J. Weis and S.T. Willard. 2010. 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