Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

MINUTES OF THE 2004 S-301 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MEETING

Location and Date of the Meeting: Entomology & Nematology Department, University of Florida and USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL; Feb. 22-23, 2004.

Action Items/Assigned Responsibilities/Target Dates:

1. The meeting was convened at 9:10 AM by Chair E. Groden, with attendance of 31 participants.

2. Roberto Pereira, Jim Maruniak and Jim Becnel reported on local arrangements. Registration fee was set at $30. J. Maruniak explained aspects of the Entomology & Nematology Department. J. Becnel explained that the Tuesday morning meeting would convene at the USDA-ARS lab where name badges would be necessary due to security concerns.

3. Minutes from the 2003 annual meeting. Since these have been sent to all participants, S. Jaronski moved that minutes be accepted without reading. The motion was seconded by V. D. Amico and the 2003 minutes were accepted unanimously.

4. Chair Groden reported:

The chair thanked subproject chairs and members for report submissions.

The chair talked about the development of the pre-proposal for project renewal. This process is done electronically now utilizing a short form. E. Groden instructed the subcommittees to discuss proposal renewal including the highlighting of accomplishments and listing of interested stakeholders.

For the proposal, the methods section must indicate what the different members want to do in terms of research. Any changes from past proposal must be reported to the subcommittee chairs so changes are made.

The Chair asked P. Grewal (Member-at-Large) to coordinate the selections of next years meeting location, and announced that L. Lacey would be talking on Tuesday on behalf of Denny Bruck from USDA-ARS lab in Corvallis ,OR, on arrangements for the 2005 meeting.

The chair introduced Dr. David Boethel, and asked him to talk about administrative aspects of the project.

5. Dr. David Boethel (SARES Administrative Advisor) commended the participants for being on time for the renewal process and recommended the formation of a committee to deal with project renewal. He recommended that the proposal be ready by fall 2004 for the September Exp. Station Directors meeting. He recommended that names of non-members be submitted as possible reviewers for the project. The project goes also to Department heads for review.

D. Boethel mentioned that the minutes and annual report should be ready 60 days before the annual meeting.

He thanked the S-301 leadership for organizing the meeting and putting the project together.

6. Rick Meyer, attending the meeting for Bob Nowierski, the USDA-CSREES, Plant and Animal System representative, distributed a handout with information on budget and other aspects of the CSREES . He commented that the budget has changed because of many other issues affecting the federal government , specifically Homeland Security and the current military actions. There is a 10% cut in the CSREES programs, but some increases in Homeland Security may also benefit some of the CSREES programs that relate to that subject. Competitive grant programs were cut but not greatly.

The 2005 budget proposal includes some increases for NRI grant program. In this program, 20% of the budget has to be used for integrated Research/Extension/Education programs. The organic transitions program would get a good increase in funds, and a new Request for Proposals (RFP) should be out soon for this grant program.

Some of the subjects that B. Nowierski wanted to comment on included:
- The USDA has been working on resolving the issue of requirement by the USDA-APHIS for a bonded carrier for hand carrying biological control agents through customs as they enter the US.
- The Denver meeting on biological control identified some areas that need further attention such as: a) better prediction of biocontrol effects, b) regulatory reform, and c) risk analysis.

R. Meyer also commented on the USDA-ARS Biological Control Workshop that many of the ARS scientists attended in early February 2004.

7. J. Becnel, coordinator for this USDA-ARS Biological Control Workshop commented on the meeting. The workshop served to identify several critical issues in biological control of weeds, insects, and plant pathogens. Approximately 120-130 ARS scientists participated and addressed impediments and issues important to biological control. First, there were sections looking at broad issues in inter-disciplinary groups, and then discussions within each discipline. There were 12 task teams formed that will be looking at several identified issues.

8. Rick Meyer mentioned that members should keep in mind while developing the new project that the USDA uses a performance-based assessment of projects. The project should have links to the USDA goals and propose outcomes and outline past and future impacts. The project should not simply list outcomes (publications) but should contain outcomes that benefit the stakeholders.

9. The discussion was followed by the plenary section where each of the participants introduced him/herself and said a few words about the research conducted in relation to the multi-state project.

10. The Plenary section was followed by lunch and then the presentation of 2 seminars by: Dr. Ann Hajek, Classical Biological Control Using Entomopathogenic Fungi, and Dr. David Oi, Thelohania solenopsae as Classical Biological Control for Imported Fire Ants.

11. During this years meeting, the subcommittee meetings were dominated by discussions on the renewal of the project proposal. Discussions included the need for:
- a Strategic Plan for the use of microbials in each of the subobjective
- the inclusion of a workshop on each of the subobjectives (during meetings in consecutive years).
- A restructuring of the subobjectives under a different organization that better reflects a preoccupation with the impacts of the research done under this project.

12. The meeting format also was discussed with a proposal to eliminate the plenary section and combine it with the seminar in a workshop, including not only presentations by leading experts but also a discussion including invited stakeholders (farmers, regulators, etc). As a final product, a document including conclusions and recommendations from the workshop would be produced and posted in the project webpage. These recommendations could serve as the basis for future research as well as policy changes and other governmental actions.

13. There is a need to get more industry people involved in the project. Attendance of these industry representatives has declined in recent years due to decline in number of industries involved in microbial control and the decline of interest in the meeting. E. Groden and project administrators commented that there is no problem with the size of the group, which is larger than most other similar multi-state projects.

14. D. Boethel commented that the S-301 exists to facilitate collaboration. R. Meyer added that that collaboration must be clearly demonstrated in the project proposal and the reports. S. Jaronski commented that other groups have a more obvious collaboration with large experiments conducted at different states simultaneously under the supervision of several cooperators.

15. L. Tedders commented on the void between industry and research and that something should be done to fill that gap. P. Grewal commented that past format for the S-301 meeting fostered more communication with the industry representatives because subobjectives were the different groups of pathogens. D. Shapiro commented that in the past people discussed their research in more details in the subobjective meetings. R. Pereira suggested that the present format is OK but that more discussion is needed. M. Brownbridge agreed more interactions between participants was needed.

16. E. Groden commented on the need to balance the number of people interested in each subobjective in order to have a better meeting. P. Grewal suggested a restructuring of the project and the meeting with a commodity focus. He commented that most of the funding is commodity oriented and that would facilitate grant proposals from the project participants. D. Boethel and R. Meyer agreed that that would be a good idea.

17. The participants voted to restructure the project with a commodity focus. Several different groups were suggested and discussed. The groups were then reorganized and voted on with a final decision of 4 new subobjectives for the renewal of the S-301 project. These are:
- Row Crops pests, which will have R. Behle as the subobjective chair.
- Medical, Veterinary and structural pests, which will have D. Oi and J. Becnel as the subobjective chairs.
- Horticulture pests, including vegetables, greenhouse, and fruits and nuts, which will have M. Brownbridge and D. Shapiro-Ilan as the subobjective chairs.
- Urban Landscape, Ornamentals and Forest pests, which will have E. Lewis and P. Grewal as the subobjective chairs.

18. J. Becnel proposed that within each subobjective the research would be divided into: a) discovery, b) integration, c) implementation, and d) environmental safety.

19. The new project format was approved by 21 votes, opposed by 1 vote, and there were 3 abstentions.

20. D. Boethel said that the preproposal is just 3 pages long and does not include much in terms of procedures. The deadline the project leaders should work with is Fall 2004 (third week in September is when the committee will be meeting to discuss the renewal). So the project should be in D. Boethels hands by August 2004. For the project, participants need to contribute by sending:
- Accomplishments
- Time commitment in terms of Scientists Years (SY) and Technician Years (TY)
- Highlighted cooperative publications (Multi-institution publications)

21. L. Lacey made presentation sent by D. Bruck on the tentative meeting venue for 2005. Tentative dates for that meeting were set at Sunday and Monday February 27-28, 2005. A discussion on the packages offered by the hotel followed but the participants agreed that getting the package would be hard due to the need for an advance payment.

22. The meeting format was then discussed. The format proposed earlier in the meeting was adopted. The organizers will invite stakeholders and experts to participate in workshop discussion on the use of microbials on fruit crops. The discussion will lead to the development of recommendations for future research areas.

23. The election of a new member-at-large was the next item in the agenda. Ed Lewis accepted his nominations and was elected by acclamation . The meeting was adjourned in the afternoon of February 23, 2004.

Next Meeting Information: February 27-28, 2005.

Location and Date: Portland area, OR

Responsible Individuals: Danny Brook and Larry Lacey

SUBPROJECT 1. Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens for leaf feeding insect defoliators.

Coordinator: Robert Behle, USDA,ARS-Peoria
Cooperating Agencies: AL, CT, FL, IL, IL-INHS, LA, ME, NY, SC, WY; ARS-Beltsville, Fresno, Ithaca, Peoria, Sidney; USDA/FS- CT, MI; USDA APHIS
Reporting: R. Behle, D. Boucias, G. Carner, R. Farrar, J. Fuxa, E. Groden, A. Hajek, S. Jaronski, W. Moar, L. Solter

Summary

Ten scientists from seven state agencies and three USDA research groups reported studies concerning the use of entomopathogens for control of leaf-feeding insects. Fewer reports were received when compared with past years and represents a small decline in the research directed at leaf feeding insects as some previous contributors have shifted efforts to cryptic feeding insects. Targeted leaf-feeding insect pests represented three insect orders: coleoptera (Mexican bean beetle, Colorado potato beetle), lepidoptera (corn earworm, diamondback moth, fall armyworm, green cloverworm, beet armyworm, and velvetbean caterpillar, gyspy moth, Eastern tent caterpillar), and orthoptera (American grasshopper). A wide variety of pathogens continue to be evaluated including (but not limited to): baculovirus, fungus and protozoa (microsporidia) with some additional research reported on Bt-transgenic plants. Application environments ranged widely from perennial systems such as range grass, forests and urban landscapes to annual crops such as sweet corn, cotton, soybeans, potatoes and vegetable crops. As a result of the research conducted by this group and collaborators, twenty-seven manuscripts in various phases of publication are listed.


Sub-project 2: Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens for homopteran and other piercing-sucking insects.

Coordinator: Michael Brownbridge, Univ of VT-AES.
Cooperating Agencies: AR, FL, IL, LA, NY, SC, VT; ARS- Logan, Shafter, Stoneville, Weslaco.
Reporting: R. Belhe, M. Brownbridge, D. Boucias, S. Jaronski, J. Leland, M. McQuire, D. Steinkraus

Summary

Research has progressed on the development of entomopathogenic fungi as microbial control agents for mites, aphids, thrips, glassy-winged sharpshooter, lygus bugs and cerembycids. This research involved a variety of agricultural systems, including cotton, vegetable crops, avocado orchards and forests. A Hirsutella-like organism was the most prevalent pathogen found on dead glassy winged sharpshooter. Beauveria bassiana has been identified as a major pathogen of lygus bugs, and efforts are focusing on development of novel formulations that enhance field stability and efficacy. Neozygites fresenii was shown to be a natural control of cotton aphids for the 11th consecutive year in AR, although efforts to introduce the fungus into Californian cotton fields was not successful. A cultural/biological control strategy for avocado thrips is being investigated; placement of mulch around avocado trees promotes the incidence of insect-pathogenic fungi and other natural enemies. Not-target impact assessment studies are continuing on Bt-silage corn.


SUBPROJECT 3: Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens in cryptic and soil habitats.

Coordinators: Parwinder Grewal, OH and Edwin Lewis, VA.
Cooperating Agencies: CA, CT, FL, GA, HI, IL, INHS-IL , LA, MD, NJ, NC, OH, OK, SC, TN, VA; ARS-Wooster, Byron, Sidney, Corvallis, Yakima; USDA FS-CT,MI; Integrated Biocontrol Systems-IN.
Reporting: M. Barbercheck, D. Bruck, P. Grewal, A. Hajek, S. Jaronski, H. Kaya, L. Lacey, E. Lewis, C. McCoy, D. Shapiro-Ilan, L. Solter, R. Stuart.

Summary

Ten state agencies and six USDA field stations submitted research results for this report. Reported research includes many different types of studies that include entomopathogenic nematodes and entomopathogenic fungi. Field or greenhouse trials testing efficacy of insect pathogen-based materials were conducted against nine insect species in seven cropping systems and against plant-parasitic nematodes in two commodities. Twelve species of pathogens were tested for efficacy against five species of agricultural pests in laboratory trials. Several relationships between entomopathogenic nematode infective juvenile longevity and stress tolerance have been discovered in laboratory trials. Studies of the interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes and their symbiotic bacteria with various soil organisms suggest that plant-parasitic nematodes are impacted more than most other soil fauna. One survey of Turkey for entomopathogenic nematodes isolated nematodes from approximately 2% of the samples taken; 4 species were isolated from the area.


SUBPROJECT 4: Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens for veterinary and structural arthropod pests.

Coordinators: James J. Becnel, David Oi, ARS-Gainesville
Cooperating Agencies: AL, AR, CA, CT, FL, GA, LA, ME, MS, NC, OK, SC, TN; ARS-Gainesville, Peoria.
Reporting: T. Andreadis, C. Vossbrinck, J. Fuxa, R. Pereira, J. Becnel, D. Boucias, B. Federici, D. Oi and E. Groden.

Summary

Entomopathogenic research on structural pests focused on the control of the red imported fire ant and termites. An integrated approach combining the microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae, parasitic phorid flies, and chemical control showed longer term control of fire ants than chemical treatment alone. Detection protocols, geographic distribution, and biology of T. solenopsae are being established. The effect of other fungal and protozoan pathogens on ants and termites are being evaluated.
Entomopathogens evaluated against mosquitoes included bacteria, viruses, microsporidia, and a new insect pathogenic algae. A novel recombinant Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (Bti) strain and the baculovirus CuniNPV have shown excellent activity against Culex mosquitoes that vector West Nile Virus in the U.S. Basic studies focused on the taxonomy and life histories of new pathogens while other investigations focused on safety, efficacy against the target hosts and improving production and delivery systems of promising agents.

Acevedo J., D. Boucias, R. Lezama and A. Pescador 2003. Novel Metabolites of Hirsutella thompsonii FISHER Inhibits Oviposition by the Two-Spotted Spider Mites Tetranychus urticae KOCH. Applied and Experimental Acarology 29:213-225.

Agnew, P., Becnel, J. J., Ebert, D. and Michalakis, Y. 2003. Symbiosis of Microsporidia and Insects in ? INSECT SYMBIOSIS? (Kostas Bourtzis, Ed), CRC Press LLC, Florida, USA.

Anderson, J. F., Main, A. J., Andreadis, T. G., Wikel, S. K. and Vossbrinck, C. R. 2003. Transstadial transfer of West Nile virus by four species of ixodid ticks (Acari: Ixodidae). J. Med. Entomol. 40:528-533.

Andreadis, T. G. 2003. A checklist of the mosquitoes of Connecticut with new state records. J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 19:79-81.

Andreadis, T. G., Becnel, J. J. and White, S. E. 2003. Infectivity and Pathogenicity of a Novel Baculovirus, CuniNPV from Culex nigripalpus (Diptera: Culicidae) for Fourteen Species and Four Genera of Mosquitoes. J. Med. Entomol. 40:512-517.

Barbercheck, M. 2003. Entomopathogenic Nematology (Book Review) Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 108: Page 211.

Barbercheck, M. and C. Hoy. Systems Approach to Conservation Biological Control in "Entomophilic Nematology" (P. Grewal, ed.) CABI (submitted).

Barbercheck, M. and L. D. W. Duncan. Abiotic Factors in "Nematode Behaviour" (R. Gaugler and A. Bilgrami, eds.) CABI (in press).

Barbercheck, M.E., J. Wang, and C. Brownie. 2003. Adaptation of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae, to insect food plant. Biological Control 27: 81-94.

Becnel, J. J., White, S. and Shapiro, A. M. 2003. Culex nigripalpus nucleopolyhedrovirus (CuniNPV) infections in adult mosquitoes and possible mechanisms for dispersal. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 83: 181-183.

Boohne, C. K., Geden, C. J. and Becnel, James J. 2003. Development of microsporidia-infected Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) at different temperatures. Biological Control. 26: 1-7.

Boohne, C. K., Geden, C. J. and Becnel, James J. 2003. Evaluation of remediation methods for Nosema disease in Muscidifurax raptor (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Environmental Entomology, 32(5) 1146-1153.

Burd, A. D., F. Gould, J. R. Bradley, J. W. Van Duyn, and W. J. Moar. 2003. Estimated frequency of nonrecessive Bt resistance genes in bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Eastern North Carolina. J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 137-142.

Campbell, J. F., E. E. Lewis, S.P. Stock, S. Nadler and H. K. Kaya. 2003. Evolution of host search strategies in entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Steinernematidae). Journal of Nematology. 35: 142-145.

Coluzzi, K., E. Groden, and F. A. Drummond. 2003. The impact of scavenging insects on disease persistence in Colorado potato beetle populations. (Abstract) Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Meeting of the Society of Invertebrate Pathology, Burlington, VT, p. 49.

Cottrell, T. and D. Shapiro-Ilan. 2003. Susceptibility of a native and an exotic lady beetle (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae) to Beauveria bassiana. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 84:137-144.

Delalibera Jr., I., A. E. Hajek, and R. A. Humber. 2003. Use of cell culture media for cultivation of the mite pathogenic fungi Neozygites tanajoae and Neozygites floridana. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 84: 119-127.

DeNardo, E. A. B. and Grewal, P. S. 2003. Compatibility of Steinernema feltiae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) with microbial and chemical pesticides and plant growth regulators used in glasshouse plant production. BioContr. Sci. Technol. 13, 441-448.

DeNardo, E.A.B., S.K. Grewal, A. Sinderman and P.S. Grewal. 2003. Non-susceptibility of the earthworm Eisnia foetida to slug-parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. Biocontr. Sci. Technol. 13, 441-448.

Dubois, T., A. E. Hajek, H. Jiafu, and Z. Li. Evaluating the efficiency of entomopathogenic fungi against the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), using cages in the field. Environ. Entomol. (in press).

Dunkel, F.V., and S. T. Jaronski. 2003. Development of a bioassay system for the predator Xylocoris flavipes (Reuter) and its use in subchronic toxicity/pathogenicity studies of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. Strain GHA. J. Econ. Entomol. 96 (4): 1045-1053.

Fallon, D. J., L. F. Solter, M. Keena, M. L. McManus, J. R. Cate, and L. M. Hanks. 2004. Susceptibility of Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motchulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) to entomopathogenic nematodes. Biological Control (in press).

Farrar Jr., R. R., M. Shapiro, and I. Javaid. 2003. Photostabilized titanium dioxide and a fluorescent brightener as adjuvants for a nucleopolyhedrovirus. BioControl. 48: 543-569.

Farrar Jr., R. R., M. Shapiro, and A. H. McIntosh. 2004. Fluorescent brighteners can enhance or inhibit the nucleopolyhedrovirus of the diamondback moth. J. Entomol. Sci. (in press).

Fife, J. P., Derksen, R. C., Ozkan, H. E. and Grewal, P. S. 2003. Effects of pressure differentials on the viability and infectivity of entomopathogenic nematodes. Biol. Contr. 27, 65-72.

Filotas, M. J., A. E. Hajek, and R. A. Humber. 2003. Prevalence and biology of Furia gastropachae (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales) in populations of the forest tent caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Can. Entomol. 135: 359-378.

Federici, B. A., H.-W. Park, D. K. Bideshi, J. J. Johnson & M. C. Wirth. 2002. Synergistic interactions that enhance the pathogenicity of Bacillus thuringiensis. In: "Biotechnology of Bacillus thuringiensis and its Environmental Impact." Pp. 25-31. (R. J. Akhurst, C. E. Beard, and P. A. Hughes, eds.). Scribbly Gum Publications, Canberra.

Federici, B. A., H.-Y. Park, D. K. Bideshi, M. C. Wirth & J. J. Johnson. Recombinant bacteria for mosquito control. Journal of Experimental Biology 206, 3877-3885.

Furlong, M.J., and E. Groden. 2003. Starvation induced stress and the susceptibility of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata, to infection by Beauveria bassiana. J. Inverteb. Path. 83 (2): 127-138.

Fuxa, J. R. 2003. Ecology of insect nucleopolyhedroviruses. Agric. Ecosystems Environ. (In Press).

Geden, C. J. and D. C. Steinkraus. 2003. Evaluation of three formulations of Beauveria bassiana for control of lesser mealworm and hide beetle in Georgia poultry houses. J. Econ. Entomol. 96: 1602-1607.

Grewal, P. S., Grewal, S. K., Tan, L. and Adams, B. 2003. Parasitism of mollusks by nematodes: Types of associations and evolutionary trends. J. Nematol. 35, 146-156.

Grewal, S. K. Grewal, P. S. and Hammond, R. B. 2003. Susceptibility of slugs (Mollusca: Gastropoda) native and non-native to North America to Phasmarhabditis hemaphrodita (Nematoda: Rhabditidae). Biocontr. Sci. Technol. 13, 119-125.

Grewal, S. K. and Grewal, P. S. 2003. Effect of osmotic desiccation on longevity and temperature tolerance of Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita (Nematoda: Rhabditidae). J. Parasitol. 89, 434-438.

Grewal, S. K. and Grewal, P. S. 2003. Survival of earthworms exposed to slug-parasitic nematode Phasmarhabditis hermaphrodita. J.Inverb. Pathol. 82, 72-74.

Groden, E., F. Drummond, and S. Yan. 2003. Managing an unwanted visitor at Acadia National Park. (Abstract) Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Meeting of the Society of Invertebrate Pathology, Burlington, VT, p. 97.

Hajek, A. E., and C. C. Eastburn. 2003. Attachment and germination of Entomophaga maimaiga conidia on host and non-host larval cuticle. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 82: 12-22.

Hajek, A. E., I. Delalibera Jr., and L. Butler. 2003. Entomopathogenic fungi as classical biological control agents. In: Environmental Impacts of Microbial Insecticides. (H.M.T. Hokkanen & A.E. Hajek, Eds.) Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, NL.

Hay Roe, M. M., A. M. Shapiro, J. J. Becnel, and D. G. Boucias . 2003. A newly discovered Baculovirus induces reflex bleeding in the butterfly Heliconius himera (Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 84: 59 61.

Hazir, S., N. Keskin, S. P. Stock, H. K. Kaya, and S. Özcan. 2003. Diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in Turkey. Biodiversity Conserv. 12:375-386.

Inglis, G. D., S. T. Jaronski, & S. P Wraight. 2002. Use of spray oils with entomopathogens. In: Spray Oils Beyond 2000: Sustainable Pest and Disease Management. (G.. A. C. Beattie & D. M. Watson, Eds.). University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Australia. pp. 302-312.

Jagdale, G. B. and Grewal, P. S. 2003. Acclimation of entomopathogenic nematodes to novel temperature: trehalose accumulation and the acquisition of thermotolerance. Int. J. Parasitol. 33, 145-152.

Jaronski, S.T., M.A. Goettel, and C. Lomer. 2003. Regulatory Requirements for ecotoxicological assessments of microbial insecticides How relevant are they? In: Assessment of Environmental Safety of Biological Insecticides (H. Hokkanen, A. Hayek, eds.) Kluywer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht Netherlands. pp. 237-260.

Jaronski, S.T., G. Simmons, K. Hoelmer and J. Lord. 2004. Field Evaluation of the Effects of Beauveria bassiana (Vuill.) Sorok., Strain GHA, on the Whitefly Parasitoid, Eretmocerus mundus Mercet (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in Commercial Cantaloupe. Biocontrol Science & Technology. In press.

Khuong B. Nguyen, David I. Shapiro-Ilan, Robin J. Stuart, Clay W. McCoy, Rosalind R. James and Byron J. Adams. 2004. Heterorhabditis mexicana n. sp. (Heterorhabditidae: Rhabditida) from Tamaulipas, Mexico, and morphological
studies of the bursa of Heterorhabditis spp. Nematology (in press).

Klinger, E. 2003. Susceptibility adult Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) to the fungal entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana. M.S. thesis, University of Maine, Orono, ME.

Klinger, E., and E. Groden. July 2003. Horizontal transmission of Beauveria bassiana between cadavers and adults of Leptinotarsa decemlineata. (Abstract) Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Meeting of the Society of Invertebrate Pathology, Burlington, VT, p. 49.

Koppenhöfer, A. M., R. S. Cowles, E. A. Cowles, E. M. Fuzy, and H. K. Kaya. 2003. Effect of neonicotinoid synergists on entomopathogenic nematode fitness. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 106: 7-18.

Kunkel, B. & Grewal, P. S. 2003. Endophytic infection in perennial ryegrass reduces the susceptibility of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera) to an entomopathogenic nematode. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 107, 95-104.

Kunkel, B., Grewal, P. S. and Quigley, M. F. 2004. A mechanism of acquired resistance by the black cutworrm Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera) to an entomopathogenic nematode. Biol. Contr. 29, 100-108.

Lacey, L. A. 2004. Microbial control of insects. In: "Encyclopedia of Entomology" (J. Capinera, ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Lacey, L. A. and Becnel, J. J. 2004. Microbial Control of Medically Important Insects in "The Encyclopedia of Entomology" John Capinera (Ed.) Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Lacey, L. A. and D I. Shapiro-Ilan. 2003. The potential role for microbial control of orchard insect pests in sustainable agriculture. Int. J. Food Agric. Environ. 1: 326-331.

Lacey, L. A. and J. Becnel. 2004. Microbial control of medically important insects. In: "Encyclopedia of Entomology" (J. Capinera, ed.). Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Lacey, L. A. and R. W. Merritt. 2003. The safety of bacterial microbial agents used for black fly and mosquito control in aquatic environments. In: "Environmental Impacts of Microbial Insecticides:" Need and Methods for Risk Assessment " (H. M. T. Hokkanen and A. E. Hajek, eds.), pp. 151-168. Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Lacey, L. A., T. R. Unruh and H. L. Headrick. 2003. Interactions of two idiobiont parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of codling moth (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 83: 230-239.

Lewis, E.E. and E.E. Perez. 2004. Behavioural Changes Related to Ageing and Development. In: Nematode Behaviour. (Gaugler, R., ed.). CABI Publishing. In press.

Liu, H., M. Skinner, M. Brownbridge & B.L. Parker. 2003. Characterization of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates for management of tarnished plant bug, Lygus linneolaris. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 82: 139-147.

Magalhães, B. P., and D.G. Boucias. 2003. The effects of drying on the survival of Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum Driver & Milner conidiospores. J. Orthopteran Res. (submitted).

Magnarelli, L. A. and Andreadis, T. G. 2003. An epizootic of nuclear polyhedrosis virus in armyworms (Pseudaletia unipuncta) in Connecticut. Northeastern Naturalist. (in press).

Majumdar, A.; M.A. Boetel; S.T. Jaronski; R.J. Dregseth; and A.J. Schroder. 2003. Integration of the fungal entomopathogen and cereal cover crops for sugarbeet root maggot management-first year trial. Sugarbeet Research and Extension Reports 33:163-169.

McCoy, C. W., R. J. Stuart, and H. N. Nigg. 2003. Seasonal life stage abundance of Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.) in irrigated and non-irrigated citrus plantings in central Florida. Florida Entomol. 86(1): 34-42.

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