Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The meeting was convened at 9:00 AM by Chairman James J. Becnel.

Jim Harper reported on local arrangements. Registration fee was raised from $25 to $40 to cover cost of meeting rooms since minimum number of hotel rooms was not reached. Jim thanked Mary Barbercheck for her participation on the local arrangements and Maureen Newman for helping with the registration.

Minutes from the 2001 annual meeting were accepted.

Chairman, Becnel reported: The Chair reported on the website and thanked the IPM center for their support and for hosting the webpages. The Chair announced that Ms. Peg Rotstein would talk later about the website, and asked for any suggestions on new material that should be added to the website. The need for an updated mailing list was discussed so it could be added to the website. A list was circulated for participants to correct their names and addresses.

Dr. Jim Harper and Local arrangement Committee were commended for the organization and preparations in hosting the 2002 Annual Meeting of S-301 in Raleigh, NC.

Dr. David Boethel (SARES Administrative Advisor) presented his report to the members (attached) and congratulated participants for the extensive publication list, which makes this regional project one of the most productive.

A site selection committee was formed with Member at Large, Roberto Pereira, chair, who invited Don Steinkraus to participate in selecting next site.

Summary of the Discussion:

Mary Barbercheck introduced the speaker, Dr. Fred Gould, North Carolina State University, who made a presentation titled Biological Control, Transgenic crops, and Insect Resistance.

Peg Rotstein described S-301 website and demonstrated main features. Following her presentation, the attendees discussed several changes to the website including: a) new name for the site to be easier to be identified in Internet searches; b) addition of member information to the site (approved by the members presentat the meeting); c) addition of links page including possible links to electronic publications, the entomopathogenic nematode website, APHIS-PPQ site with forms and phone numbers.

Subproject 1: Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens for leaf feeding insect defoliators (Co-Chairs: Stephen Wraignt and Leellen Solter). Studies at nine state and federal research institutions pursued development of numerous viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens for microbial control of lepidopteran, coleopteran, and orthopteran pests, including diamondback moth, blueberry spanworm, beet armyworm, corn earworm, celery looper, soybean looper, Colorado potato beetle, boll weevil, sweet potato weevil, strawberry rootworm, and grasshoppers. Colorado potato beetle and the lepidopteran complex on cabbage were effectively controlled with integrated applications of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and fungus Beauveria bassiana. Fundamental studies elucidated mechanisms of developmental resistance to nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPV) in corn earworm and tobacco budworm, population genetics of the fungus Nomuraea rileyi infecting green cloverworm and velvetbean caterpillar, and ascovirus-lepidopteran host-parastioid interactions. Soil to plant transport of NPV was measured and evaluated as a risk factor associated with field release of recombinant viruses. Comparisons of Bt cotton versus conventional cotton showed no observable negative effects of Bt cotton on non-target insect populations. Researchers at 11 U.S. state and federal research institutions and collaborating scientists from four nations conducted studies of fungal, microsporidian and viral pathogens for microbial control of lepidopteran pests of forestry, including gypsy moth, browntail moth, forest tent caterpillar, Douglas fir tussock moth, and Io moths. Basic studies investigated resting-spore dormancy and host range in the fungus Entomophaga maimaiga, DNA fingerprinting of microsporidian pathogens, DNA sequencing of several cypoviruses, identification of chemical enhancers of gypsy moth NPV, and gypsy moth-parasitoid-polydnavirus interactions. Improved methods were developed for production of E. maimaiga resting spores in the laboratory.

Subproject 2: Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens for control of homopteran and other piercing-sucking insects (Rosalind James, Chair). Work has continued toward developing the use of entomopathogenic fungi as microbial controls for mites, aphids, whiteflies, and lygus bugs. This research involved a variety of agricultural systems, including honey bees, cotton, soybeans, and vegetable crops. This year, a considerable effort was put into gaining a better understanding of disease outbreaks in these insects. Beauveria bassiana was identified as a major pathogen of lygus bugs, and Neozygites fresenii was shown to be a natural control of cotton aphids for the 9th consecutive year. Hirsutella thompsonii was also investigated for its potential in mite control. A PCR marker was developed to test for the presence of a H. thompsonii toxin. This fungus was also found to have good activity against the varroa mite, which is a parasite of honey bees. In addition, a formulation was developed for fungal pesticides using encapsulation technology previously used for baculoviruses.

Subproject 3. Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens used in cryptic and soil habitats. (Co-Chairs Ed Lewis and Parwinder Grewal). Work continued towards the discovery and identification of more virulent species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes, bacteria, and fungi for the development of biological control for white grubs, weevils (boll weevil, carrot weevil, citrus weevil, plum curculio, pecan weevil, sweet potato weevil), fire ants, codling moth, Asian longhorn beetle, and termites. Photorhabdus bacteria were shown to be able to independently infect termites. Nematode strains with increased storage stability (longevity) and tolerance to major environmental stresses were identified and compatibility with chemical insecticides and formulation ingredients was studied. Research also continued on the mass production and delivery systems of nematodes. Addition of the wetting agent Silwet -L77 increases nematode efficacy and reduces toxicity of chlorine. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora survives better in muck soils than Steinernema carpocapsae. Also H. bacteriophora is more abundant than Steinerenema carpocapsae in physically disturbed soil systems. Entomopathogenic nematodes are less abundant in pasture rotation but entomopathogenic fungi were more abundant. It was demonstrated that nematodes can adapt to laboratory conditions that can produce dramatic changes in important biological traits. Both live and dead entomopathogenic nematodes suppress soil populations of many plant-parasitic nematodes especially in perennial crops (turfgrass and woody ornamentals), but they have no detrimental effects on free-living nematodes. It was also shown that the application of entomopathogenic nematodes has the strongest effect when they are applied at the same time with plant parasitic nematodes. Indianmeal moth granulosis virus was registered by the US EPA in December 2001 and has been licensed to Agrivir, LLC.

Subproject 4. Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens for control of veterinary and structural arthropod pests (Co-Chairs James J. Becnel and David Oi). Field inoculations of the microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae into imported fire ants colonies in ten southern states has resulted in infection and spread predominately in the multiple-queen form of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, and laboratory inoculations resulted in the demise of multiple-queen colonies. A new protozoan disease, tentatively identified as a Mattesia sp. was observed in S. invicta from Florida and soil types affected the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana on this ant. Early sporulation was more important than virulence in transmission and epizootics of Metarhizium anisopliae, which killed Formosan termites more effectively than B. bassiana. Entomopathogens evaluated against mosquitoes included viruses, microsporidia, mermithid nematodes and a new insect pathogenic algae. Basic studies focused on the taxonomy and life histories of new pathogens while other investigations focused on safety, efficacy against the target hosts and improving production and delivery systems of promising agents.

Final Business Meeting

The Site Selection Committee (Roberto Pereira, Chair) presented Charleston, SC as possible 2003 meeting site and Dr. Gerry Carner as Local Arrangements, with tentative meeting dates as Feb 23-24, 2003. Gerry said a few words about the location. Gainesville, FL, was presented by Roberto Pereira and Jimmy Becnel as possible 2004 meeting location. Meeting locations were approved by attending members.

Nominating Committee (Ted Andreadis, Chair) presented Parwinder Grewal as candidate for Member-at-Large position. No other nominations were presented and Harry Kaya moved that nominations be closed. By unanimous vote, P. Grewal was elected as new Member-at-Large.

Members were requested to consider seminar speakers for next years meeting. No travel funds are available for invited speakers, therefore potential speakers should be within the vicinity of Charleston, SC or be members attending the meeting. Suggestions for topic included regulatory aspects and interaction between biological control and ecology. Several members stated that the regulatory aspects had already been discussed in previous meetings.

The Chair closed the meeting at 3:00PM.

John Vanderberg thanked Jimmy Becnel, Chair for the past 2 years, for his dedication and hard work.

Next Meeting Information:

Location and Date: Charleston, SC, February 23-24, 2003

Responsible Individual: Gerry Carner

Between Meeting Information Exchange/Development Information:

This project is a critical part of biological control and integrated pest management in the Southern Region. The current project involves insect pathologists, entomologists, microbiologists, molecular biologists, biochemists, geneticists, bacteriologists, mycologists, nematologists and vector biologists from 21 State Agricultural Experiment Stations, 12 USDA/ARS laboratories and 2 USDA/FS laboratories throughout the US and Puerto Rico. Participation also includes scientists from commercial industries involved in agricultural biotechnology and biological control. The project is composed of the following 4 subprojects followed by a summary of the years activities. The complete annual report with publications can be found at the S-301 website http://cipmtest.ent.ncsu.edu/s301/.

SUBPROJECT 1: Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens for leaf feeding insect defoliators. Studies at nine state and federal research institutions pursued development of numerous viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens for microbial control of lepidopteran, coleopteran, and orthopteran pests, including diamondback moth, blueberry spanworm, beet armyworm, corn earworm, celery looper, soybean looper, Colorado potato beetle, boll weevil, sweet potato weevil, strawberry rootworm, and grasshoppers. Colorado potato beetle and the lepidopteran complex on cabbage were effectively controlled with integrated applications of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis and fungus Beauveria bassiana. Fundamental studies elucidated mechanisms of developmental resistance to nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPV) in corn earworm and tobacco budworm, population genetics of the fungus Nomuraea rileyi infecting green cloverworm and velvetbean caterpillar, and ascovirus-lepidopteran host-parastioid interactions. Soil to plant transport of NPV was measured and evaluated as a risk factor associated with field release of recombinant viruses. Comparisons of Bt cotton versus conventional cotton showed no observable negative effects of Bt cotton on non-target insect populations. Researchers at 11 U.S. state and federal research institutions and collaborating scientists from four nations conducted studies of fungal, microsporidian and viral pathogens for microbial control of lepidopteran pests of forestry, including gypsy moth, browntail moth, forest tent caterpillar, Douglas fir tussock moth, and Io moths. Basic studies investigated resting-spore dormancy and host range in the fungus Entomophaga maimaiga, DNA fingerprinting of microsporidian pathogens, DNA sequencing of several cypoviruses, identification of chemical enhancers of gypsy moth NPV, and gypsy moth-parasitoid-polydnavirus interactions. Improved methods were developed for production of E. maimaiga resting spores in the laboratory.

SUBPROJECT 2. Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens for control of homopteran and other piercing-sucking insects. Work has continued toward developing the use of entomopathogenic fungi as microbial controls for mites, aphids, whiteflies, and lygus bugs. This research involved a variety of agricultural systems, including honey bees, cotton, soybeans, and vegetable crops. This year, a considerable effort was put into gaining a better understanding of disease outbreaks in these insects. Beauveria bassiana was identified as a major pathogen of lygus bugs, and Neozygites fresenii was shown to be a natural control of cotton aphids for the 9th consecutive year. Hirsutella thompsonii was also investigated for its potential in mite control. A PCR marker was developed to test for the presence of a H. thompsonii toxin. This fungus was also found to have good activity against the varroa mite, which is a parasite of honeybees. In addition, a formulation was developed for fungal pesticides using encapsulation technology previously used for baculoviruses.

SUBPROJECT 3: Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens in cryptic and soil habitats. Work continued towards the discovery and identification of more virulent species and strains of entomopathogenic nematodes, bacteria, and fungi for the development of biological control for white grubs, weevils (boll weevil, carrot weevil, citrus weevil, plum curculio, pecan weevil, sweet potato weevil), fire ants, codling moth, Asian longhorn beetle, and termites. Photorhabdus bacteria were shown to be able to independently infect termites. Nematode strains with increased storage stability (longevity) and tolerance to major environmental stresses were identified and compatibility with chemical insecticides and formulation ingredients was studied. Research also continued on the mass production and delivery systems of nematodes. Addition of the wetting agent Silwet -L77 increases nematode efficacy and reduces toxicity of chlorine. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora survives better in muck soils than Steinernema carpocapsae. Also H. bacteriophora is more abundant than Steinerenema carpocapsae in physically disturbed soil systems. Entomopathogenic nematodes are less abundant in pasture rotation but entomopathogenic fungi were more abundant. It was demonstrated that nematodes can adapt to laboratory conditions that can produce dramatic changes in important biological traits. Both live and dead entomopathogenic nematodes suppress soil populations of many plant-parasitic nematodes especially in perennial crops (turfgrass and woody ornamentals), but they have no detrimental effects on free-living nematodes. It was also shown that the application of entomopathogenic nematodes has the strongest effect when they are applied at the same time with plant parasitic nematodes. Indianmeal moth granulosis virus was registered by the US EPA in December 2001 and has been licensed to Agrivir, LLC.

SUBPROJECT 4: Development, evaluation and safety of entomopathogens for veterinary and structural arthropod pests. Field inoculations of the microsporidium Thelohania solenopsae into imported fire ants colonies in ten southern states has resulted in infection and spread predominately in the multiple-queen form of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, and laboratory inoculations resulted in the demise of multiple-queen colonies. A new protozoan disease, tentatively identified as a Mattesia sp. was observed in S. invicta from Florida and soil types affected the efficacy of Beauveria bassiana on this ant. Early sporulation was more important than virulence in transmission and epizootics of Metarhizium anisopliae, which killed Formosan termites more effectively than B. bassiana.

Entomopathogens evaluated against mosquitoes included viruses, microsporidia, mermithid nematodes and a new insect pathogenic algae. Basic studies focused on the taxonomy and life histories of new pathogens while other investigations focused on safety, efficacy against the target hosts and improving production and delivery systems of promising agents.

Abney, M. R., J. R. Ruberson, G. A. Herzog, T. J. Kring, and D. C. Steinkraus. 2001. Impact of natural enemies on the cotton aphid: implications for control, pp. 1029-1031. 2001 Beltwide Cotton Conferences, Anaheim, CA.

Adams, B. J. and K. B. Nguyen. 2001. Species concepts and entomopathogenic nematodes: What species are, how we can find them, and an application to the genus Heterorhabditis. In: C. T. Griffin, A. M. Burnell, M. J. Downes and R. Mulder, (Eds.). Developments in entomopathogenic nematode/bacterial research. European Commission Publications, Luxembourg.

Afonso CL, Tulman ER, Lu Z, Balinsky CA, Moser BA, Becnel JJ, Rock DL, Kutish GF. (2001). Genome Sequence of a Baculovirus Pathogenic for Culex nigripalpus. J Virol. 75(22):11157-65.

Altre, J. A. and Vandenberg, J. D. 2001. Factors influencing the infectivity of isolates of Paecilomyces fumosoroseus against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 78: 31-36.

Altre, J. A. and Vandenberg, J. D. 2001. Penetration of cuticle and proliferation in hemolymph by Paecilomyces fumosoroseus isolates that differ in virulence against lepidopteran larvae. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 78: 81-86.

Anderson, J. F., Vossbrinck, C. F., Andreadis, T. G., Iton, A. Beckwith, W. H. and Mayo, D. R. 2001. A phylogenetic approach to following West Nile virus in Connecticut. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 98: 12885-12889.

Andreadis, T. G., Anderson, J. F., Munstermann, L. E., Wolfe, R. J. and Florin, D. A. 2001. Discovery, distribution and abundance of a newly introduced mosquito, Ochlerotatus japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Connecticut, USA. J. Med. Entomol. 38:774-779.

Baur, M. E. and H. K. Kaya. 2001. Persistence of entomopathogenic nematodes. Bulletin from Regional Project S-265, http://www.agctr.lsu.edu/s265/

Boucias, D.B., Becnel, J.J., White, S.E., Bott, M. 2001 In vivo and in vitro development of the protist Helicosporidium sp. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology 48:460-470.

Broza, M., R. M. Pereira, and J. L. Stimac. 2001. The nonsusceptibility of soil Collembola to insect pathogens and their potential as scavengers of microbial pesticides. Pedobiology 45: 523-534.

Costa, S., M. E. Barbercheck and G.G. Kennedy. 2001. Mortality of Colorado Potato Beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) after sub-lethal exposure to Beauveria bassiana. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 77: 173-179.

DeCosa, B, W. Moar, S. B. Lee, M. Miller, & H. Daniell. 2001 Hyperexpression of the Bt Cry2Aa2 operon in chloroplasts leads to formation of insecticidal crystals. Nature Biotech. 19:71-74.

Dubois, T. L. M., H. Jiafu, Z. Li, M. Fan, and A. E. Hajek. 2001. Control of Anoplophora glabripennis with entomopathogenic fungi. USDA, For. Serv., Gen. Tech. Rpt. 285: 48.

Duncan, L. W. and C. W. McCoy. 2001. Hydraulic lift increases herbivory by Diaprepes abbreviatus larvae and persistence of Steinernema riobrave in dry soil. J. Nematol. 33:142-146.

Duncan, L. W., C. W. McCoy, P. A. Stansly, J. H. Graham, and R. F. Mizell. 2001. Estimating the relative abundance of adult citrus root weevils with modified Tedders traps. Environ. Entomol. 30(5):939-946.

Faria, M. and S.P. Wraight. 2001. Biological control of Bemisia tabaci with fungi. Crop Protection. 20: 767-778.

Farrar, R. R., Jr., P. A. W. Martin, and R. L. Ridgway. 2001. A strain of Serratia marcescens (Enterobacteriaceae) with high virulence per os to larvae of a laboratory colony of the corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). J. Entomol. Sci. 36: 380-390.

Fernandez, S., E. Groden, J.D. Vandenberg, and M.J. Furlong. 2001. The effect of mode of exposure to Beauveria bassiana on conidia acquisition and host mortality of Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata. J. Inverteb. Pathol. 77: 217-226.

Fonseca, D. M., Campbell, S., Crans, W. J., Mogi, M, Miyagi, I., Toma, T., Bullians, M., Andreadis, T. G., Berry, R. L. Pajac, B., Sardelis, M. and Wilkerson, R. C. 2001. Aedes (Finlaya) japonicus (Diptera: Culicidae) a newly recognized mosquito in the USA: first analyses of genetic variation in the US and putative source populations. J. Med. Entomol. 38:133-146.

Furlong, M.J. and E. Groden. 2001. Evaluation of synergistic interactions between the Colorado potato beetle pathogen Beauveria bassiana and the insecticides, imidacloprid and cyromazine. J. Econ. Entomol. 94(2): 344-356.

Fuxa, J. R., & A. R. Richter. 2001. Quantification of soil-to-plant transport of recombinant nucleopolyhedrovirus: effects of soil type and moisture, air currents, and precipitation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67: 5166-5170.

Fuxa, J. R., M. M. Matter, A. Abdel-Rahman, S. Micinski, A. R. Richter, & J. L. Flexner. 2001. Persistence and distribution of wild-type and recombinant nucleopolyhedroviruses in soil. Microb. Ecol. 41: 222-232.

Fuxa, J. R., Y. Kunimi, & M. Nakai. 2001. Research methods for microorganisms interacting with arthropods in soil, pp. 660-671. IN C. J. Hurst, R. L. Crawford, M. J. McInerney, G. R. Knudsen, and L. D. Stetzenbach (Eds.), Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 2nd ed. Am. Soc. Microbiol. Press, Washington, D.C.

Goettel, M.S., A.E. Hajek, J.P. Siegel, and H.C. Evans. 2001. Safety of fungal biocontrol agents, 347-375. In (T. Butt, C. Jackson, and N. Magan, Eds.) Fungal Biocontrol Agents: Progress, Problems and Potential. Kluwer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.

Goettel, M.S., and A.E. Hajek. 2001. Evaluation of nontarget effects of pathogens used for management of arthropods, pp. 81-97. In (E. Wajnberg, J.K. Scott, and P.C. Quimby, Eds.) Evaluating Indirect Ecological Effects of Biological Control. CABI Publ., Wallingford, Oxon, UK.

Goyer, R. A., H. Wei, & J. R. Fuxa. 2001. Prevalence of viral diseases of the fruittree leafroller, Archips argyrospila (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in Louisiana. J. Entomol. Sci. 36: 17-22.

Grewal, P. S. Grewal, S. K., Taylor, R. A. J. & Hammond, R. B. 2001. Application of molluscicidal nematodes to slug shelters: A novel approach to economic biological control of slugs. Biol. Contr. 22, 72-80.

Grewal, P. S., Power, K. T. & Shetlar, D. J. 2001. Neonicotinoid insecticides alter diapause behavior and survival of overwintering white grubs (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Pest Manag. Sci. 57, 852-857.

Hajek A. E., and C. C. Eastburn. 2001. Effects of host insects on activation of Entomophaga maimaiga resting spores. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 77: 290-291.

Hajek, A. E., M. M. Wheeler, C. C. Eastburn, and L. S. Bauer. 2001. Storage of resting spores of the gypsy moth fungal pathogen, Entomophaga maimaiga. Biocontr. Sci. Technol. 11: 637-647.

Hajek, A.E. 2001. Larval behavior in Lymantria dispar increases risk of fungal infection. Oecologia 126: 285-291.

Hartman, G.L., Domier, L.L., Wax, L.M., Helm C.G., Onstad, D.W., Shaw, J.T., Solter, L.F. Voegtlin, D.J., D‘Arcy, C.J., Gray, M.E., Steffey, K.L., Isard, S.A., Orwick, P.L. 2001. Occurrence and distribution of Aphis glycines on soybeans in Illinois in 2000 and its potential control. Plant Health Progress http://www.planthealthprogress.org/current/ notes/aphisglycines/.

Hazir, S., S. P. Stock, H. K. Kaya, A. M. Koppenhvfer, and N. Keskin. 2001. Developmental temperature effects on five geographic isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Nematoda: Steinernematidae). J. Invertebr. Pathol. 77: 243-250.

James, R. R. 2001. Effects of exogenous nutrients on conidial germination and virulence against the silverleaf whitefly for two hyphomycetes. J. Invert. Pathol. 77: 99-107.

James, R. R. and Elzen, G. W. 2001. Antagonism between Beauveria bassiana and imidacloprid when combined for Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) control. J. Econ. Entomol. 94: 357-361.

Jensen, M.A., L. E. Losey, and A. E. Hajek. 2001. Altered behavior and distribution of pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae), infected with Pandora neoaphidis (Zygomycetes: Entomophthorales). BioControl 46: 337-343.

Kirk, A., L. A. Lacey, and J. Goolsby. 2001. Biological control of silverleaf whitefly. In "Virus-Insect-Plant Interactions" (K. Harris, O. P. Smith, and J. E. Duffus, eds.), pp. 309-329. Academic Press, New York.

Koppenhvfer A.M. and H. K. Kaya. 2001. Entomopathogenic nematodes and insect pest management, in: Microbial Biopesticides, O. Koul and G. S. Dhaliwal, eds. Taylor & Francis, New York, pp. 277-305.

Lacey, L. A. 2001. Book review: Formulation of Microbial Biopesticides: Beneficial Microorganisms, Nematodes and Seed Treatments. Edited by H. D. Burges. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 412 pp. J. Invertebr. Pathol. 77: 147.

Lacey, L. A., D. Horton, T. R. Unruh, K. Pike and M. Marques. 2001. Control biolsgico de plagas de papas en Norte Amirica. Proc. Wash. State Potato Conf. Trade Fair. Taller en Espaqol sobre la produccion de papas. pp. 103-117. Also excerpted in English in Agrichemical & Environmental News. May 2001, 181: 3-8, and on the Agrichemical & Environmental News website (May 2001 edition) in English and Spanish at: http://www.tricity. wsu.edu/aenews.

Lacey, L. A., J. S. Rosa, N. O. Simues. J. J. Amaral, and H. K. Kaya. 2001. Comparative dispersal and larvicidal activity of exotic and Azorean isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes against Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). European Journal of Entomology 98: 439-444.

Lee, Y., J. R. Fuxa, A. B. Inceoglu, S. A. Alaniz, A. R. Richter, L. M. Reilly, & B. D. Hammock. 2001. Competition between wild-type and recombinant nucleopolyhedroviruses in a greenhouse microcosm. Biol. Control. 20: 84-93.

Because of limited space for publications, you can view a full list at the following address: http://cipmtest.ent.ncsu.edu/s301/