Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Meeting was called to order by Jean-Marie Luginbuhl at 9AM. Self-introductions were made and guests in attendance were as follows: Linda Coffey, (lindac@ncat.org)  National Center for Appropriate Technology; Nelson Escobar, (enescobar@umes.edu)  University of Maryland Eastern Shores; Olga Bolden-Tiller, (obtiller@tuskegee.edu)  Tuskegee University; Paul Casey, (paul.casey@heifer.org )  Heifer Project; Steven Jones, (sjones@uaex.edu)  University of Arkansas Extension; Will Getz, (getzw@fvsu.edu) - Fort Valley State University. Tom Terrill and Jim Miller were accompanied by two graduate students. Members not in attendance were noted. David Morrison (Administrative Advisor) discussed the coordinating committee and processes for joining. Nelson Escobar and Steven Jones will be joining. David Morrison talked about the Multi-state Dept Head Committee and how each coordinating committee has a monitor and ours is Ralph Noble. He submitted a report of our activities at their recent meeting and they agreed that our group was an excellent model. David Morrison suggested a Chair, a Chair-elect and a secretary, but indicated it was OK with just a Chair and a Secretary as we have as a group. Clarification was given that the group decided on only 2 officers based on experience with other committees. Steve Hart volunteered/was elected to be the new Secretary/Chair-elect. Jean-Marie Luginbuhl asked about the website and the number of people listed: it was clarified that only 1 representative per institution should report, but that participation and attendance at the annual meeting is open to anyone. David Morrison mentioned that the project will be ending in Sept 2012, so we need to appoint a committee, look at changes (objectives, etc.) and consider re-submitting. Jean-Marie Luginbuhl suggested AFRI discussions in the afternoon session since he had problems getting speakers for the mini-symposium. David Morrison indicated it was a good idea (especially for integrated grants). David Morrison also discussed NIMSS, the system used to coordinate multistate activities. He indicated that 1890 Land Grant institutions do not have access to NIMSS, as NIMSS was initially established for 1862 Land Grant Institutions. Therefore, the need to bypass that system to get participants from 1890 institutions to officially sign up. Interested faculty from 1890 institutions should ask their research director to send David Morrison an email documenting their desire to become an official participant of SCC-81. Once the information is received, David Morrison notifies the regional administrators office to add the new member to the official participants list. Adele Turzillo (USDA NIFA representative) talked to us about her background and noted that she could not always come to the meetings because she was on 7 of them. She talked about the organization of NIFA and David Morrison sent around an organizational chart for us to review. Adele Turzillo talked about how the budget was in the House of Representatives and hopefully we would soon have a final budget, though we know it could just stay as is with a continuing resolution. A proposal almost doubled AFRI budget from last years, the House reduced it, but it is still higher. No change in formula funds. Adele Turzillo pointed out the Vet. Med. Program (VMLRP) in which veterinarians can apply and get money in exchange for serving in areas of the country with a great need for livestock veterinarians. The President wanted to eliminate the Organic Transition Program (ORG), but the House put it back in. The Organic Agriculture Research and Extension initiative (OREI) stayed steady (Mary Peet from North Carolina State University is the leader of this initiative and she wants more animal science proposals). Adele Turzillo briefly discussed the AFRI programs: the proposals only focus on Research and will not be reviewed if anything else is included in it. Later grants will allow for extension activities. Adele Turzillo also discussed the joint NIH-NIFA program for grants for research relevant to livestock and humans  NIH administered but NIFA is giving input on the review panel. Will Getz from Fort Valley State University discussed the American Goat Federation (AGF; gave out a pamphlet); ASI goat group no longer exists because AGF will now take up for goats what ASI does for sheep. Steve Jones from the University of Arkansas Extension reported on some of his activities since he started 14 months ago in a small ruminant position. Those included a 300 d of grazing focus to decrease hay feeding to 60 days and saving $25/head and an electronic newsletter going out to 300+ people. Linda Coffey from the National Center for Appropriate Technology (NCAT) talked about her activities, demonstrated a Small Ruminant Toolbox USB and offered free copies to those interested Discussion about the 2012 new project. Suggestions of additional objectives included nutrition and carcass evaluation. It was suggested that those topics were relevant to sustainable agriculture but that they could fit under other objectives. Sustainable and other political terms were discussed. It was suggested to drop low-input (and perhaps forage-based) from objective 3 and leaving as Production systems common in the southeastern USA. It was decided not to add objectives. Subcommittees were appointed on a volunteer basis to review objectives and related materials for changes to be more inclusive: Objective 1: Jim Miller, Joan Burke (Jim volunteered), Nada Nadarajah Objective 2: Jean-Marie Luginbuhl, Kenneth Andries, Tom Terrill Objective 3: Susan Schoenian, Sandra Solaiman Objective 4: Steve Jones, Kenneth Andries, Olga Bolden-Tiller The deadline to have drafts of the modified objectives is Aug 15th (subcommittees send to everyone to look at/comment on). Dahlia O-Brien will coordinate with the subcommittee members to make sure that they are making progress and submit something on time (send out reminders, etc.) Meeting adjourned at 4:45PM

Station Reports from attending members: (See proceedings for details and for reports from members who did not attend the meeting) One representative per station reported for all station objectives. Objective 1: Develop integrated GIN control methods that decrease reliance on chemical dewormers through the use of selective deworming (FAMACHA system), better forage management and grazing options and breed or animal selection for nematode resistance or resilience. Nada Nadarajah, Auburn University; Niki Whitley, North Carolina A&T State University; James Miller, Louisiana State University AgCenter; Jean-Marie Luginbuhl, North Carolina State University; Sandra Solaiman, Tuskegee University; Stephan Wildeus, Virginia State University; Steve hart, Langston University; Thomas Terrill, Fort Valley State University. Objective 2: Develop a forage-based feeding system for year-round grazing that meets nutritional requirements by evaluating performance of forage (legumes, grass and browse) varieties and/or forage systems and animal performance. Kenneth Andries, Kentucky State University; Sandra Solaiman, Tuskegee University; Jean-Marie Luginbuhl for Ozzie Abaye, Virginia Tech. Objective 3: Evaluate the production potential of pure- and crossbred sheep and goat germplasm under low-input, forage-based production systems in the Southeastern US. Robert Godfrey, University of the Virgin Islands; Sandra Solaiman, Tuskegee University; Susan Schoenian, University of Maryland; Wildeus, Virginia State University. Objective 4: Disseminate research results and information to producers through station field days, workshops and websites. Nada Nadarajah, Auburn University; Kenneth Andries, Kentucky State University; James Miller, Louisiana State University AgCenter; Jean-Marie Luginbuhl, North Carolina State University; Niki Whitley, North Carolina A&T State University; Robert Godfrey, University of the Virgin Islands; Sandra Solaiman, Tuskegee University. 1. Auburn University: The relatively small sample size of data currently available through our collaboration should allow us to continue our effort to lead further investigation of the prevalence of GIP in goat population and to understand the relationships with different level of resistance to GIP and production traits that would help the meat goat industry. From a selection point of view, the aim is to identify those individuals that could withstand and exhibit resistance or resilience to allow goats to maintain optimum levels of production. Thus, study of underlying genetic variations in meat goats for resistance to GIP and to understand the relationships between growth performance and parasite resistance of individual animals should help for developing a strategy to select animals for future breeding to benefit the meat goat industry. Meat goat industry is one of the fast growing small farm enterprise in the Southeastern U.S. Meat goat producers and youths in clubs (4-H and FAA programs) are looking for educational and extension support to improve their understanding and production systems of small ruminants. Dissemination of research findings, providing field trainings and educational programs are key factors that the producers could benefit most. 2. Clemson University: Lambs grazing chicory had increased performance and reduced GIN infection compared to those grazing bermudagrass with protein supplementation. 3. Delaware State University: The results of the present study indicate that although anthelmintic resistance in GIN is a serious problem on small ruminant farms in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. producers are employing some form of integrated parasite control strategies to extend the efficacy of available anthelmintics. Goat browsing was effective in controlling japanese honeysuckle following one grazing season, however it might require multiple grazing seasons to have an impact on autumn olive and multiflora rose. Even though the hormonal estrous synchronization protocol used was more effective in synchronizing estrus during late spring, subsequent fertility was similar between groups. 4. Fort Valley State University: This work demonstrated that grazing SL pasture is a useful alternative to perennial summer grass pasture for goats in autumn in Georgia, when there is often a shortage of high-quality pasture. These results demonstrated that feeding supplemental SL pellets may be a useful tool for reducing GIN infection in goats grazing grass pasture in Georgia. 5. Kentucky State University: Medium stocking rate had the best performance with animals maintaining body weight and condition. Forage can be used to meet nutritional needs of goats during lactation but it must be of high quality and digestibility. Increased use of forages in goat operations is resulting in a decrease in cost of production. Better forage and production management is helping improve the health of the animals as well as increasing growth rates without the need for additional supplementation. Producers that have been involved with the Third Thursday Thing programs have reported implementation of a variety of practices including better parasite management, improved forages, budgeting and record keeping, and improved selection practices. Producers utilizing the on-farm performance testing programs have reported improved productivity and better culling strategies on their farms. They have indicated that they are finding animals that were not as productive as previously thought and others that were more productive then they believed. This has changed their culling and improved overall herd performance. 6. Langston University: Anthelmintic combinations can be highly effective with strongyles that are resistant to anthelmintics. However, selective treatment is necessary to prevent the development of strongyles that are highly resistant to these anthelmintic combinations. In this case, administration of a combination of two fairly resistant anthelmintics was efficacious for reducing fecal egg count. 7. Lincoln University: Results suggest that embryonic and fetal wastage in goats may be a significant problem for some herds. Further, preliminary data suggests that these losses occur at a different rate than those found in sheep, and that losses seem to primarily occur relatively late in pregnancy, while sheep have been found to lose equally throughout pregnancy. These differences, if found to be significant, could be an interesting method to help discover reasons for pregnancy losses in small ruminants. 8. Louisiana State University Agricultural Center: Copper treatment in the form of COWP appears to be preferable to CuSO4 for controlling infection in lambs. Also, the worm population appears to be resistant to the combination of levamisole and albendazole. Supplement feeding sericea lespedeza leaf meal at 25% of total intake may be useful to reduce FEC and reinfection in grazing lambs. Rabon, administered in a mineral mix at the approved cattle dose, would not be useful for controlling nematode parasites of lambs. Over 100 producers were in attendance at Parasite Control workshops. 9. North Carolina A&T State University: This data indicates that 75% sericea lespedeza pellets decreased fecal egg counts in goats as has been noted by previous studies. Although not designed to measure it, this project also supports the idea of increased nutritional status (changing from limit feeding as a group to ad libitum individual feeding) also resulting in decreased fecal egg counts. Overall, the results indicate that North Carolina producers responding to the survey changed their management practices which improved control of parasites on their sheep and goat farms and saved them money. Overall, producers attending FAMACHA©/Integrated Parasite Management training have clearly benefited. However, 2009 NAHMS Goat producer survey information (Katherine Marshall, personal communications) indicates that 75% of goat producers responding to a survey reported that they had not heard of FAMACHA©, indicating that much more work is needed in this area. With this training, agents are better able to provide integrated parasite control methods to farmers, include FAMACHA© training. Two agents involved with the training provided success stories indicating that producers they trained were saving animals and thus saving money. As has been noted through previous surveys FAMACHA© training helps producers use less chemical dewormers while managing gastrointestinal parasites on their farm better, saving them money. A preliminary advisory council tour of the site indicated that the planned demonstrations and applied research will be well-received and have great impact. 10. North Carolina State University: Grazing sericea lespedeza showed excellent potential as a non pharmaceutical alternative to chemical anthelmintics in an integrated parasite control program. Utilization and management of forages by goat producers is increasing, and resulting in a more sustainable industry. The increased knowledge of participants results in changes in gastrointestinal parasite control approach by producers and resulted in healthier animals, lower production costs and better culling and management decisions. In addition, many producers planted or requested information about sericea lespedeza due to our research results using this legume in a summer grazing system. Participants increased their knowledge, skills and abilities in goat production, including parasite control and forage management. 11. Tuskegee University: Identifying key management problems in controlling parasites in Southeastern U.S. may help in better prevention methods. Tannins-containing pine bark as a feed additive has the potential to decrease internal parasites and fecal methane gas production, and improve animal performance and feed efficiency by altering ruminal fermentation (VFA and ammonia productions). Tannin-containing pine bark is readily available and has a long history of production and use as mulch in the timber industry in Southern USA. Pine bark is a natural product and generally regarded as safe (GRAS). Combination of grass and legume pastures will improve animal performance and soil health for a sustainable goat production in the Southeastern U.S. Early indications show that Kiko crossbred goats performed better under the condition and producers are beginning to realize the importance of raising goats under pine plantations and its potential benefits. Identification of species specific sequence for testicular genes can be utilized to construct high-throughput tools, such as microarrays, in goats. Limited resource producers may not be in a position to test libido or ejaculate qualities of males before using them for breeding; a procedure to relate body conformation and external testicular traits to serum testosterone profiles may provide a useful tool for breeding soundness examination in pubertal males. Based on the results of this study, it is hypothesized that scrotal circumference measurement used in conjunction with serum testosterone levels and body conformation traits can be incorporated into a breeding soundness tool for selecting or culling breeding Boer goat sires at an early age. The low and negative correlations observed between serum IGF-I and carcass or testicular traits suggest that serum IGF-I levels in pubertal Boer males and their crosses may not be a useful predictor of genetic merit for carcass or reproductive performance. However, further research needs to be conducted in order to explore the utility of serum IGF-I values in meat goat breeding and schemes. This study has indicated hematological (packed cell volume) values and could serve as a baseline information for comparison in conditions of nutrient deficiency, physiological and health status of Boer and Kiko meat goats kept under semi-intensive husbandry practice in Southeast Alabama. Data so obtained could be used for diagnosis of disease, for criteria of adaptability as well as to elucidate some physiological mechanisms in these breeds of meat goats. This study has indicated hematological values could serve as baseline information for comparison in conditions of nutrient deficiency, physiological and health status of Boer goats kept under intensive husbandry system in Southeast Alabama. The component of the hematological biochemical parameters in Boer goats in this study seems to point out some differences from those obtained for other ruminant species. Since the animals were apparently healthy, deviation from these baseline hematological values may be regarded for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes as possible infection or metabolic and nutrient deficiency in intact Boer bucks. Differences in growth pattern of breeds can impact the time required to reach slaughter weight and optimum efficiency. The Tuskegee University Goat Day remains the flagship technology transfer events for meat goat producers in the state of Alabama and beyond. The project resulted in increased knowledge gained by producers on goat management and producers apparent willingness to implement programs learned in the course. Further, the program provided producers and agricultural professionals (and others) opportunity to interact and form future collaborations that could lead to growth in the goat industry. The survey results indicate that the participants in the workshop increased their knowledge female reproductive anatomy and physiology, and participants felt that they had a thorough understanding of artificial insemination in goats. Participants indicated that they were likely to implement this procedure at their own farms. These activities build leadership. 12. University of Maryland Extension: The Western Maryland Pasture-Based Meat Goat Performance Test is the only pasture-only small ruminant performance test in the United States. It is one of three tests sanctioned by the American Kiko Goat Association, which emphasizes performance to its members. The Maryland test is increasing the interest in performance testing and the use of performance tested bucks as evidenced by increasing participation in test, field day, and sale; higher demand for performance tested bucks (higher prices); and development of other forage-based small ruminant tests. According to electronic survey, 80 percent of visitors to the meat goat test blog would prefer to use a performance tested buck. Ninety percent of respondents to an online survey value the emphasis the test places on parasite traits. 13. University of the Virgin Islands: Weaning at 120 days of age can be done in an accelerated lambing system with no detrimental effect on ewe productivity. The later weaning age decreases the amount of time that lambs received high cost, imported feed without a reduction in their growth and would have a positive impact on the economics of producing hair sheep in the tropics. The Cooperative Extension Service at UVI conducted a series of Livestock Production and Management workshops during the Fall of 2010. R. Godfrey and S. Weiss participated by presenting information on sheep and goat production and management, pasture/forage production, and parasite control (FAMACHA training) in a classroom and field setting. The workshop attendance varied from 5-15 participants for each session. 14. USDA_ARS Dale Bumpers Small Farm Research Center: Additional funding was received to expand this project and collect more data. Results from this study will aid in developing breeding values for Katahdins, which can be used as a model for other species. Identification and selection of parasite resistant sheep and goats will be essential for organic farms and those without reliable anthelmintics. (This research was supported by Southern Region SARE grant OS09-045.) High quality forages such as sun hemp that allow goats to graze away from GIN infested forages will reduce GIN infection because of increased tolerance to GIN associated with good nutrition and reduced intake of infective larvae. Supplementation of SL leaf meal pellets to weaned goats on pasture offers control of H. contortus but not Trichostrongylus. The latter is often not life threatening, but may reduce weight gains in goats. Only 17% of SL supplemented goats required deworming compared with 84% of control goats leading to conservation of dewormer and potentially slowing anthelmintic resistance. This project has the potential to impact small ruminant producers who experience problems with gastrointestinal nematodes (primarily Haemonchus contortus, but others will be addressed as needed), including conventional and organic production systems throughout the U.S. 15. USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Lab: Preliminary results from this research demonstrate that a maternal genetic effect can be important in forage intake and possibly efficiency of forage utilization. With respect to the breeds in this study, it would seem that the best breed combination for crossbred stocker lambs would be Suffolk-sired lambs from Katahdin ewes. 16. Virginia State University: Results indicate that there may be a benefit to feeding juniper meal leaf towards controlling nematode parasites in lambs. Data suggest that bucks were more dominant than rams, with activity levels being lower in pens with bucks. Increasing the stocking rate differentially affected behavior in the two species. These findings have implications for setting up mixed species production systems. Breed and rumen by-pass fat supplementation had no effect on weaning performance under the conditions of this trial. The increase in milk fat by rumen by-pass fat feeding in dairy sheep was not observed in the hair sheep here. 17. Virginia Tech: The use of mixed grazing goats with cattle showed a great potential for improving the utilization of plants that were both established and invasive found on reclaimed coal mined lands in the Appalachian region. The preference of goats for invasive plant species and increased output per land area are attractive benefits of mixed grazing goats with cattle for livestock producers in this region.

Journal articles Burke, J.M., Coleman, S., Chase, C.C. Jr., Riley, D.G., Looper, M.L. 2010. Interaction of breed-type and endophyte-infected tall fescue on milk production and quality in beef cattle. J. Anim. Sci. 88, 2802-2811. Burke, J.M., Orlik, S., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Mosjidis, J.A. 2010. Using copper oxide wire particles or sericea lespedeza to prevent a peri-parturient gastrointestinal nematode infection in sheep and goats. Livest. Sci. 132, 13-18. Burke, J.M., Soli, F., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Wildeus, S., Shaik, S.A., Getz, W.R., Vanguru, M. 2010. Administration of copper oxide wire particles in a capsule or feed for gastrointestinal nematode control in goats. Vet. Parasitol. 168, 346-350. Gillespie, R.M., L.H. Williamson, T.H. Terrill, and R.M. Kaplan. 2010. Efficacy of anthelmintics on South American camelid (llama and alpaca) farms in Georgia. Vet. Parasitol. 172:168-171. Miller, M. C., S. K. Duckett, and J. G. Andrae. 2011. The effect of forage species on performance and gastrointestinal nematode infection in lambs. Small. Rum. Res. 95:188-192. Solaiman, S., J. Thomas, Y. Dupre, B. R. Min, N. Gurung, T. H. Terrill. 2010. Effect of feeding sericea lespedeza hay on growth performance, blood metabolites, and carcass characteristics of Kiko crossbred male kids. Small Rumin. Res. 93: 149-156. Soli, F., Terrill, T.H., Shaik, S.A., Getz, W.R., Miller, J.E., Vanguru, M., Burke, J.M. 2010. Efficacy of copper oxide wire particles against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and goats. Vet. Parasitol. 168, 93-96. Weiss S.A., J.P. Muir and R.W. Godfrey. 2010. Coral vine consumption by St. Croix White hair lambs. Livestock Research for Rural Development. Volume 22, Article #97. Retrieved July 6, 2010, from http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd22/5/weis22097.htm Abstracts Ahmed, Y. M. Worku, H. Mukhtar, and R. Noble. 2010. Natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (Nramp1) and goat health. J. Anim. Sci. 88, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 93, E-Suppl. 1/Poult. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., 2010. Integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) using sericea lespedeza, FAMACHA, and copper oxide wire particles in weaned goats in Arkansas. J Anim Sci 88 (E-Supple. 3), 31-32. Carter, L., N. Whitley, D. Kahl, T. Terrill, J. Miller. 2010. Fecal Gastrointestinal Parasite Egg Counts in Post-Parturient Does Fed Sericea Lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata). Proceedings: National Goat Conference, September 12-15, 2010. Crook, E.K., D.J. OBrien, S.B. Howell, B. Storey, N.C. Whitley, S. Schoenian, J.M. Burke, R.M. Kaplan. 2010. Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. J. Anim. Sci. 88 E-Suppl. 3:12. Godfrey, R. W. and K. Facison. 2010. Milk production and lamb growth of hair sheep weaned at 63 or 90 d of age in an accelerated lambing system in the tropics. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 88(E-Suppl. 2):304. Luginbuhl, J.-M., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Glennon, H.M., 2010. Evaluation of sericea lespedeza as a summer forage and natural parasite control for grazing goats. J Anim Sci 88 (E-Supple. 3), 31. Jackson-OBrien, D. J., E.K. Crook, N.C. Whitley, R. Kaplan, B. Storey, and S. Howell. 2010. Previous Anthelmintic Use and Integrated Parasite Management on Gastrointestinal Nematode Resistance on Sheep and Goat Farms in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. National Goat Conference Proceedings. Matthews, K. K., D. J. Jackson-OBrien, E. Crook, J. Eierman,; and N. Whitley. 2011. Estrus, Mating and Fertility Response in Meat Goats Following Estrus Synchronization Protocols. ARD 16th Biannual research symposium proceedings. Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Burke, J.M., Mosjidis, J.A., Whitley, N.C., 2010. Dose titration effect of sericea lespedeza feed pellets on gastrointestinal nematode infection in lambs. Proc 55th Ann Meet Amer Assoc Vet Parasitol: 45. O'Brien, D. J., E.K. Crook, J.L. Eierman, K.K. Matthews,and N.C. Whitley. 2010. Estrus, Mating and Fertility Response in Meat Goats Following Estrus Synchronization Protocols. National Goat Conference Proceedings. OBrien, D.J., J.L. Eierman, E.K. Crook, K. K. Matthews, and N.C. Whitley. 2010. Estrus and mating response after estrus synchronization protocols in meat goats. Proceedings: National Goat Conference, September 12-15, 2010. O'Brien, D.J., M.C. Gooden, J.C. Warren, E.K. Crook, J.E. Miller, N.C. Whitley, and J.M. Burke. 2010. Efficacy of ginger and pumpkin seeds in controlling internal parasites in meat goat kids. J. Anim. Sci. 88 E-Suppl. 2:581. Perdue, M. A., N.C. Whitley, S. Schoenian, and D. J. OBrien. 2010. Impact evaluation of integrated parasite management training conduct in the Northeast US over a two-year period. J. Anim. Sci. 88 E-Suppl. 3:35. Terrill, T.H., Joshi, B.R., Kommuru1, D.S., Mechineni, A., Gujja, S., Kamisetti, N.R., Dzimianski, S.L., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Burke, J.M., 2010. Feeding sericea lespedeza leaf meal to goats: effect on gastrointestinal nematode infection. J Anim Sci 88 (E-Supple. 3), 32. Warren, J. C., D.J. OBrien, and R. Beaman. 2011. Use of Goats for Controlling Invasive Weeds in New Castle County Delaware ARD 16th Biannual research symposium proceedings. Whitley, N.C., Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., 2010. Influence of diets containing sericea lespedeza leaf meal on gastrointestinal parasite fecal egg counts in goats. J Anim Sci 88 (E-Supple. 3), 33. Whitley, N.C., J-M. Luginbuhl, S. Schoenian, and M. Worku. 2010. Survey of North Carolina sheep and goat producers after gastrointestinal parasite management training. J. Anim. Sci. . Small ruminant producer gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) management survey. J. Anim. Sci. 88 E-Suppl. 3:35. Schoenian, S., Semler, J., Dietz-Band, J., Gordon, D., Lantz, W., and D. OBrien. (2010). Developing a meat goat performance testing program in Maryland. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 88, E-Suppl. 3. Whitley, N., S. Schoenian, R. Kaplan, R. Storey, T. Terrill, J. Burke, J. Miller and S. Mobini. 2010. Impact of Integrated Parasite Management and FAMACHA© Training in the United States. Proceedings: National Goat Conference, September 12-15, 2010. Wildeus, S. and Chozu, E.J. 2010. Liquid semen vaginal AI in three hair sheep breeds during transition to seasonal breeding. J. Anim. Sci., 88, E-Suppl. 3:34. Wildeus, S., Lupton, C.J. and Zajac, A.M. 2010. Fiber growth and quality in alpacas managed with or without routine anthelmintic treatment in the mid-Atlantic U.S. J. Anim. Sci., 88, E-Suppl. 3:34 Wildeus. S., and Stein, R. A. 2010. Feeding behavior of intact yearling hair sheep and meat goat males pen-fed in single and mixed-species groups. J. Anim. Sci., 88, E-Suppl. 2: 455. Worku, M., A. Yasser, H. Mukhtar, and R.C. Noble. 2010. Expression of CD14 in Haemonchus infected goats. Strengthening the goat industry Proceedings of the National goat conference Florida A&M University 12-15 2010 p179. Book chapters Miller, J.E., Olcott, B.M., Bath, G.F., 2010. Infectious and parasitic diseases. In: S. Solaiman (Ed.), Goat Science and Production, Wiley-Blackwell, Ames, IA: 217-240. Devendra, C., and S. G. Solaiman. 2010. Perspectives on Goats and Global Production. In: Goat Science and Production, Solaiman, S. G. Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, a John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication. pp 21-38. Gurung, N. K. and S. G. Solaiman. 2010. Goat Breeds. In: Goat Science and Production, Solaiman, S. G. Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, a John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication. pp 193-216. Ebert, R. A., and S. G. Solaiman. 2010. Animal Evaluation. In: Goat Science and Production, Solaiman, S. G. Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, a John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication. pp 193- 216. Solaiman, S. G. 2010. Goat Science and Production, Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication. Solaiman, S. G. 2010. Feeds and Feeding Management. In: Goat Science and Production, Solaiman, S. G. Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication. pp 193-216. Solaiman, S. G. 2010. Housing Requirements. In: Goat Science and Production, Solaiman, S. G. Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication. pp 323-338. Solaiman, S. G. and F. N. Owens. 2010. Digestive Physiology and Nutrient Metabolism. In: Goat Science and Production, Solaiman, S. G. Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication. pp 157-178. Solaiman, S. G. and G. F. W. Haenlien. 2010. Future Needs for Teaching, Research, Extension, and Outreach. In: Goat Science and Production, Solaiman, S. G. Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication. pp 359-368. Solaiman, S. G., E. Kebede, and E. M. Aviki. 2010. Business Plan, Production Enterprise, and Marketing Strategy. In: Goat Science and Production, Solaiman, S. G. Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication. pp 339-358. Conference proceedings Godfrey, R.W., R.E. Dodson and R.C. Ketring. 2010. Production traits of St. Croix and Dorper x St. Croix White ewes in an accelerated lambing system in the tropics. Advances in Animal Bioisciences. 1(part 2):386-387. Luginbuhl, J-M., J. Paul Mueller, J. T. Green, Jr., D. S. Chamblee, and H. M. Glennon. 2010.Grazing and browsing behavior, grazing management, forage evaluation and goat performance: Strategies to enhance meat goat production in North Carolina. In L. Anderson, D. Jackson, A. McKenzie-Jakes, O. Onokpise, K. Sarjeant (Eds) Strenghtening The Goat Industry. pp 73-87. Florida A&M Univ. September 12-15. Tallahassee, FL. (Invited). Nadarajah, K. 2010. Genetic Improvement of Goats for Meat Production: Current Status and Looking Forward to prepare for the Future. Proc. National Goat Conference, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, September 12-15, 2010. pp 32-42. Extension publications Abaye, A. O., Matt Webb , Carl Zipper, J. M. Luginbuhl, and Chris Teutsch 2010. Managing shrub-infested post mined- pasturelands with goats and cattle: I. Effects on forage biomass, nutritive values, and animal performance. Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication 460-146. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. 2010. Artificial Insemination in Goats. UNP-0095 Alabama Cooperative Extension System. 2010. Puberty in Goats. UNP-0108. Alabama Cooperative Extension System. 2010. The Estrous Cycle in Does. UNP-0111 Alabama Cooperative Extension System. 2010. Controlled Breeding Season Management for Meat Goats. UNP-0117