Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The full agenda for for this Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council Meeting is attached. Three different activities are held as part of this three day meeting. A WERA 1009 meeting is held during which university, USDA-ARS and private cereal breeding company members provide reports to the group on new varieties that have been or are being considered for release and any other significant efforts in variety development. During the PNW Branch American Association of Cereal Chemists International (AACCI)meeting, new cereal technology information is shared by university, USDA-ARS and private industry partners. Ideas for needed work are explored and discussed by the group so that that collaborative efforts can be designed and formalized. During the Wheat Quality Council meeting specific performance data on newly released varieties, or more importantly, varieties proposed for release, are reviewed in depth and group recommendations made to wheat breeders. Data that are shared are generated through a network of coordinated, commercial milling and baking lab tests. These testing efforts are often the first time that newer germplasm is able to be tested in an array of different commercial-scale operations. During the WERA portion of this meeting update and progress reports were heard from Colorado State University, the University of Idaho, Montana State University, Oregon State University, Utah State University, Washington State University, the USDA-ARS Wheat Quality Lab in Pullman, the USDA-ARS Wheat Breeding Program in Pullman, Agro-Pro, Western Plant Breeders, the Gilliam County Wheat Quality Lab and others.

University of Idaho proposed release of a new hard white winter release 'LHS', one hard red winter cultivar 'SRG' (IDO656) and had three spring wheat lines (IDO599, IDO644,IDO671) receive PNW QC approval. The new experimental hard red spring wheat line MT0832 was proposed for release in Montana. MT0832 is cross between MT0249 (a sib of Vida) and Choteau, and has been selected for long green leaf duration and solid stems. Other objectives for the breeding program include selection for resistance to the orange wheat blossom midge, which is a serious concern in the northwestern portion of the state and development of Clearfield herbicide resistant hard white wheat varieties. End-use quality targets for all varieties remain to be excellent bread-making properties, including selection for high grain protein, strong gluten, good water absorption, and large loaf volume. Decade hard red winter (HRW) wheat was developed and released jointly by the Montana and North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Stations in September 2010. Decade was derived from a composite of three closely related single crosses (N95L159/CDC Clair, N95L159/MT9602, and N95L159/MT9609) and tested under the experimental number MT0552. Decade is a high-yielding, winter-hardy HRW wheat line with medium to high test weight, early maturity, reduced height (Rht1), medium to high grain protein, and excellent milling and baking quality. Decade was released for its combination of good winter hardiness, short stature, and high yield potential and its excellent performance in eastern Montana and western North Dakota winter wheat production environments. In the Montana State University Wheat Quality Program the overall objective is to conduct studies on genes important to wheat grain quality and or agronomic traits. The Puroindoline genes (Pina and Pinb) together comprise the wheat Hardness locus (Ha) and control grain texture. Hard wheats contain a mutation in either Pina or Pinb, but there is no puroindoline allelic diversity among soft hexaploid wheats as all carry the Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1a alleles. However, Pina and Pinb allelic variation exists within synthetic hexaploid wheats created using novel D genome donors. The effects of four Aegilops tauschii-derived Ha locus haplotypes (Pina-D1c/Pinb-D1h, Pina-D1e/Pinb-D1i, Pina-D1a/Pinb-D1i, and Pina-D1j/Pinb-D1i) found in synthetic wheat were tested by crossing them into the soft white spring wheats Alpowa and Vanna. The effect of each Ha haplotype on grain hardness was measured by analyzing backcross or F2-derived lines. All novel Ha loci increased grain hardness while still conferring soft wheat texture. None of the novel Ha locus haplotypes significantly affected Pina or Pinb transcript or protein expression levels In fall 2010 at Colorado State, three HRW experimental lines were advanced to enable release as new cultivars in fall 2011. These include CO06424 (TAM 112/CO070547-7), CO050303-2 (CO980829/TAM 111), and CO06052 (Teal 11A/Above//CO99314; two-gene Clearfield). All three lines have shown excellent yield and test weight in field trials and good stripe rust resistance. Two of the lines (CO06424 and CO06052) have excellent end-use quality with high loaf volumes (~1.050 L vs. 0.915 L for Hatcher) and good crumb grain scores. Colorado State optimized its rapid visco analyzer (RVA) to enable routine detection of late maturity alpha-amylase (LMA). The Colorado State breeding continues to implement marker-assisted selection in a rapid advance (via single seed descent) F2 allele-enrichment scheme, focusing on disease and insect resistance, high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits, PPO, and pre-harvest sprouting tolerance. Curlew was released by the Utah Agricultural Experiment Station. Curlew has been evaluated by the WWQL for several years and was included in the 2008 PNW wheat quality council samples. Based on 2009 PNW Wheat Quality Council results, breeders seed headrows of an irrigated hard red winter line, UT9743-42 were grown. Across the region as a whole, stakeholders were provided current cultivar quality information at field days and in industry meetings in 2010. At Utah State Cereal Science (PLSC4600) was taught to 60 undergraduate students. This cereals-processing and quality course draws heavily from activities and industry contacts of WERA-1009. The WSU Wheat Quality Lab evaluated 1,241 wheat breeding lines harvested in 2009 from the WSU spring and winter wheat breeding programs to facilitate development of wheat varieties possessing desirable end-use quality characteristics. Wheat breeding lines were tested for milling quality, composition, biochemical properties and baking performance in cooperation with the Western Wheat Quality Laboratory. The test results were analyzed, summarized, shared with WSU wheat breeders and utilized in the selection of breeding lines for the next generation. The WSU Wheat Quality Lab simplified the sponge cake baking test procedure in the egg whipping step and improved its consistency by replacement of cake batter hand mixing with mechanical wire whip mixing. Egg foam whipping and mechanical batter mixing conditions were optimized by comparing egg foam density and sponge cake volume to those of the original procedure. The modified procedure of sponge cake baking test, including the adoption of a 5-liter mixer for egg whipping and batter mixing, no heat input , one time water addition during egg whipping, and batter mixing using a beater blade, yielded the most comparable volume of SC to the conventional procedure and differentiated soft wheat flours of various quality. The WSU breeding program was able to make excellent selections for stripe rust resistance due to the extreme pressure at many breeding sites. A shift of focus has gone from selecting for high temperature adult plant (HTAP) resistance to selecting for both HTAP and all-stage resistance. Molecular markers have been useful in selecting both advanced and early generation lines for better stripe rust resistance. This has been a major focus of our MAS work. The WSU breeding program is working with a Louise by Penawawa mapping population to identify linked markers for stripe rust resistance, Hessian fly resistance, agronomic traits, and end-use quality traits. They are are in the process of using a Brundage by Coda population for stripe rust and cold tolerance QTL mapping. At the Western Wheat Quality Lab a new variant of Puroindoline b-2 genes was described and physically mapped; there are now 4 Pinb-2 variants in bread wheat. There was a statistical correlation with agronomic traits in Chinese germplasm and Pinb-2 alleles. At the Western Wheat Quality Lab a STS marker was developed to identify the Puroindoline a-null (Pina-D1b) allele deletion. At the Western Wheat Quality Lab a study using various spectroscopy techniques and atomic force microscopy examined differences between near-isogenic soft and hard wheat endosperm. Oregon State University winter wheat varieties released within the last six years now occupy over 55% of wheat acreage in Oregon. Most of these varieties have quality characteristics significantly better than those of older varieties. Oregon State University was successful in hiring a new wheat breeder after Dr. Jim Peterson, who had held the position for 12 years, left for a research leadership position with Lima Grain. Dr. Bob Zemetra was hired and will begin work in May 2011.

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