Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The annual meeting convened at 8 am on September 9, 2003. Welcome by Dr. Richard Corstvet and Dr. David Morison of Louisiana State University. Station reports began following the welcome and proceeded until 12 pm. The group broke for lunch from 12-1 pm. The business meeting was opened by chairperson Dr. Amelia Woolums (Georgia) at 1 pm. Minutes of the 2002 meeting, held in East Lansing, MI, were distributed earlier and following lack of comment from committee members, forwarded to the administrative advisor as being approved.

Dr. Woolums distributed notes from Dr. Eli Asem, committee administrative advisor, who was unable to attend meeting. Specific discussion was held on point #2 regarding The Ohio State University lack of a representative in NC 107. Dr. Jeff Lakritz has recently moved to OSU and would be an excellent station representative form OSU. The committee wishes that Dr. Asem communicate with OSU on making Dr. Lakritz the official station representative. With respect to point #3, Dr. Woolums asked that all representatives make sure that station reports include evidence of collaboration and impact summaries to aid Dr. Asem in writing the project interim report.

Dr. Woolums opened the floor for nominations for committee secretary for 2004. Dr. David Hurley (Georgia) was nominated by Dr. Sam Maheswaran and unanimously elected. Dr. Dan Grooms (Michigan) will ascend to committee chairperson in 2004.

Location for 2004 committee meeting was discussed and Dr. Sri Srikumaran volunteered Nebraska. Meeting date was set for September 14-15, 2004.

Future meeting locations were discussed and tentatively set as California in 2005 and Georgia in 2006.

Further discussion was held with regards to station representatives from states where currents representatives have left or are leaving soon. Replacements for Dr. Ray Loan (Texas), Dr. Jeff Lakritz (Missouri), Dr. Richard Corstvet (Louisiana) and Dr. Sreevatsan (Ohio) are needed. The committee asked that Dr. Asem contact the directors of these stations to begin the process of appointing new representatives. Suggested candidates included Wiske (Texas), Kleibocker and Larson (Missouri), Lakritz (Ohio) and Miller and Paulsen (Louisiana).

Discussion on meeting format was held. The committee consensus was the current format of individual station presenting relevant research is good and provides a catalyst for collaboration among participants. It was suggested by Ricardo Rosenbusch (Iowa) that we set aside some time next year to review progress on meeting current project objectives.

Dr. Woolums noted that compiled station reports were not mailed this year as has previously been done. Reports were distributed at the beginning of the meeting. This saved on postage and allowed for a more complete compilation of station reports (e.g. late station reports could be included in folders). Committee members agreed this format is fine and Grooms will follow this format in 2004.

Dr. Maheswaran noted his frustration that nobody from CSREES was present at the meeting. He noted that CSREES presence historically has provided an excellent source of information on funding.

Sri Srikumaran moved for a resolution of appreciation for Dr. Ray Loan (Texas) and his contributions to NC-107. Motion passed unanimously.

Sri Srikumaran moved for a resolution of appreciation for Dr. Richard Corstvet (Louisiana) and his contributions to NC-107. Motion passed unanimously.

An official welcome to new station representatives was directed towards Drs. Mark Lawrence (Mississippi) and Dr. Chowdhury (Kansas).

Chris Chase (South Dakota) moved to adjourn the meeting, 2nd by Sri Srikumaran.

Business meeting adjourned at 2 pm on September 8, 2003. Station reports resumed from 2 pm until 5 pm on September 9. The following morning, September 10, station reports resumed at 8 am. Meeting of the NC-107 Technical Committee was adjourned at 11pm on September 10, 2003

Assigned responsibilities: Dr. Woolums will prepare this years annual report and forward to Dr. Asem for submission as part of the mid-term review. Dr. Grooms (Chair for 2003-2004) will communicate with Dr. Srikumaran (in charge of local arrangements for the 2004 meeting) and Dr. Asem in coming months to distribute information regarding the next meeting. Dr. Grooms will distribute minutes and updated address list for group. Dr. David Hurley (GA) will serve as the Secretary for 2004 and Chair for 2005.

Next meeting information: September 14-15, 2004, at Nebraska. Dr. Srikumaran will coordinate local arrangements.




SUMMARY OF INTERDEPENDENCE AMONG MEMBERS OF NC-107 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE:

The members of the NC-107 technical committee are using a multi-disciplinary and a multi-state approach to gain knowledge about the causes of bovine respiratory disease and eventually develop solutions to the prevention, diagnoses, treatment and management of this disease. The hallmark of the research collaborations between members of NC-107 is that the interactions bring together scientists with skills in a variety of fields: for example, those who have skills in molecular biology, or microbiology, with those who have skills in pathology, or assessment of clinical disease. These collaborations allow a powerful multidisciplinary approach to solving the complex and multifactorial problem of bovine respiratory disease. Moreover, the annual meeting of the technical committee is perennially a site of lively, productive discussion that leads to the regular development of new research collaborations. The past history and ongoing activities of this group confirm that they will continue to interact in useful and productive ways that improve the ability of veterinarians and producers to minimize morbidity and mortality due to bovine respiratory disease. Members of the NC-107 Technical Committee display interdependence on a variety of levels. SHARING OF INFORMATION: Member stations collaborate by sharing information. For example, data regarding incidence of pathogens that cause bovine respiratory disease as reported by regional diagnostic laboratories is shared among members of the group. This information allows members to recognize new patterns of disease, or emerging diseases that contribute to bovine respiratory disease and thus are relevant to the research mission of the group. SHARING OF REAGENTS: Member stations collaborate in the sharing reagents and materials for research. For example, investigators in Iowa shared primer sequences with those in Georgia for the development of PCR assays for identification of mycoplasmas, and has also provided immunohistochemistry expertise. RESEARCH COLLABORATIONS: Members of the technical committee have been involved in productive research collaboration for many years; one of many examples includes the interactions between researchers at National Animal Disease Center (NADC) and Oklahoma to characterize respiratory disease that occurs in shipped, high-risk beef calves, and to document emerging agents that contribute disease in these calves. Another example is the interaction between investigators at Alabama and Michigan to determine the impact of inclusion of a calf persistently viremic with BVD in a group of shipped cattle on the incidence of respiratory disease in cattle in the group. COLLABORATIONS IN PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT: Member stations collaborate in educating veterinarians and producers. For example, in 2001 the group collaborated to present a symposium on bovine respiratory disease for the Academy of Veterinary Consultants, a leading organization of veterinary practitioners engaged in bovine practice.







ACTIVE EXTRAMURAL FUNDING OF NC-107 TECHNICAL COMMITTEE MEMBERS:

PI: Chowdhury S.
Agency: USDA/NRICGP.
Title: Role of glycoproteins gE and gI in BHV-1 and BHV-5 differential neuropathogenesis.
Duration: 10/1/2000 to 9/30/2004.
Amount: $ 285,000.


PI: Czuprynski CJ.
Agency: USDA/NRICGP.
Title: Role of purinergic receptors in endothelial cell damage by Haemophilus somnus.
Duration: 9/00 to 8/04.
Amount: $180,000.


PI: Maheshwaran S.
Agency: USDA/NRICGP.
Title: Characterization and role of Mannheimia haemolytica receptors.
Duration: 2000 to 2004.
Amount: $256,000.


PI: Maheshwaran S.
Agency: Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.
Title: Molecular characterization of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin-LFA-1 interaction.
Duration: 2001 to 2004.
Amount: $90,000.


Investigators: Page, Todd, Czurynski CJ.
Agency: NIH.
Title: Caspase activation during PAH induced apoptosis.
Duration: 3/01 to 2/04.
Amount: $140,000.


PI: Rosenbusch, RF.
Agency: Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica.
Title: Extracts of Mycoplasma bovis as antigens for vaccines.
Duration: 10/2000 to 12/2003.
Amount: $178,594.


PI: Woolums AR.
Agency: USDA/NRICG.
Title: Multidisciplinary Evaluation of Fatal Feedlot ARDS.
Duration: 9/00 to 8/04.
Amount: $240,000

OBJECTIVE 1: Identify emerging and re-emerging agents and develop diagnostic methods for bovine respiratory disease (BRD).

Georgia: In collaboration with IA, PCR and IFA assays are being developed to identify pathogenic bovine mycoplasma cattle. Mycoplasma sp. appears to be common but M. bovis to be less common.

Iowa: Since VspA antigen of Mycoplasma bovis was used as specific target for ELISA serology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In 166 diagnostic accessions yielding M. bovis cultures, 15.9% of positive mastitis cases yielded cultures with VspA OFF (not expressed). The proportion of cases with VspA OFF among cases from beef cattle was 31.9%, and 45.5% from dairy calves. The high proportion of VspA OFF isolations suggests that ELISA serology based on VspA may not be a sensitive indicator of exposure to M. bovis.

Louisiana: Over 300 bovine coronavirus strains have been isolated from animals that experienced acute respiratory disease during two different shipping fever epizootics. Comparing the sequences of the enteric and lung genomes has revealed numerous single nucleotide substitutions.

Michigan: A rapid detection of BVDV in cell culture media using a biosensor was demonstrated. The results of other studies suggested that Johne‘s disease, characterized by positive M. paratuberculosis fecal culture or antibody ELISA test results, has no significant effect on the results of the CFT test for bovine tuberculosis in cattle.

Oklahoma: In collaboration with NADC, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) subtype 1b was shown to be transmitted to both vaccinated and non-vaccinated calves, including BVDV1b seronegative and seropositive calves, after exposure to persistently infected (PI) calves. An antigen capture ELISA (AC ELISA) test kit and a RT-PCR test were used to detect bovine coronavirus (BCV) in nasal swabs collected from four groups of cattle. The AC ELISA is a test with useful screening potential with ease of testing. The RT-PCR test, while requiring more equipment and technical skills, did identify more BCV positive cattle.

OBJECTIVE 2: Characterize mechanisms and intervention targets in pathogenesis of BRD at the molecular, cellular, and host level.

California: BRSV infected allergen (ovalbumin, OA) aerosol exposed calves, in general, had detectable OA specific IgE by day 10 and initial analysis of results show a correlation between IgE responsiveness and IL-4 producing T cells in lymph.

Georgia: Messenger RNA for IL-4 and IFN-gamma was measured using RT-cPCR of total RNA extracted from lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells from calves experimentally challenged with BRSV. The results show that BRSV infection can induce a T helper type 1 response.

Iowa: Developed a serum-free, primary cell culture of bovine lung alveolar type 2 cells. Cultures were 80% positive for Nile Red incorporation into cytoplasmic lamellar bodies. Cultures of aortic endothelial cells were infected with an abscessing or a non-abscessing strain of Mycoplasma bovis. Cells were examined for ICAM-1 up-regulation, nitric oxide synthase activation, and VCAM-1 up-regulation. Up-regulation of VCAM-1 expression was the only signal detected.

Kansas: Investigated the role of BHV-5 gE cytoplasmic tail in the BHV-5 gE processing, envelope incorporation and neuropathogenesis. The data show that gE cytoplasmic domain is required for posttranslational modification of the gE. In other work, mouse strains that are deficient for TLR4 are susceptible to infection with substance P. pneumotropica and develop notable pulmonary lesions. However, reconstitution of TLR4-deficient mice with TLR4 positive macrophages derived from bone marrow or cultured cell lines results in subsequent resistance to experimental infection.

Minnesota: Studies examined the role of the major ligand-binding domain in LFA-1 in both binding to M. haemolytica LktA and mediating LktA-induced effects. The results demonstrated that the LktA binding domain is within the CD18 molecule. However, cellular activation upon LktA binding requires the interaction of CD18 and CD11a. Recently, this group has successfully cloned and sequenced the bovine CD11a coding sequence which has 81.6% nucleotide identity to human CD11a.

Mississippi: Research was undertaken to determine the role of DNA adenine methylase in virulence of P. These findings indicate that appropriate expression of Dam is required for virulence of P. multocida.

Missouri: Examined the role of host matrix degrading enzymes in the pathogenesis of BRD. Studies determined the expression of gelatinases in healthy calf lungs by examining MMP activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from calves reared in the clinic. All calves possessed gelatinase activity as MMP 2 and MMP 9. Cell culture of alveolar macrophages, followed by stimulation with LPS, PMA, rbIL-1beta, rhTNFalpha, demonstrated expression of only MMP 9 in conjunction with other inflammatory mediators.

Nebraska: Demonstrated that heat shock protein gp96 peptide complexes isolated from a murine cell line transduced with glycoprotein D (gD) of BHV 1 induce CTLs specific for BHV 1 in mice. The feasibility of inducing CTL response against BHV 1 was examined, by co immunization with plasmids encoding BHV 1 gD (pELVSgD) and bovine gp96 (pS Btgp96). The group of mice co immunized with pELVSgD and pS Btgp96 developed a strong CTL response against BHV 1. However, the CTL response of mice co-immunized with pELVSgD and pS-Btgp96 was not higher than that of mice immunized with pELVSgD alone. Calves infected with the LR mutant exhibited mild clinical symptoms, but they sero converted.

Oklahoma: Isolated bovine neutrophils were used to study the relationship between the duration and magnitude of the M. haemolytica leukotoxin-induced increase in intracellular calcium levels and leukotriene B4 synthesis. The research confirmed that a high and sustained intracellular calcium concentration was necessary to stimulate production of leukotriene B4, which is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary M. haemolytica infection. The gene for M. haemolytica outer membrane protein PlpE was cloned and expressed. Vaccination of cattle with 100 microg of rPlpE markedly enhanced resistance against experimental challenge with virulent M. haemolytica, and addition of rPlpE to a commercial M. haemolytica vaccine significantly enhanced protection afforded by the vaccine against experimental challenge.

South Dakota: BVDV strains that cause acute disease produce a soluble factor that down regulates un-infected macrophage functions and surface marker expression. These strains also produce factors that cause apoptosis of epithelial cells. Nitric oxide production was increased by NCP BVDV with LPS but when co-infection with bacteria or yeast was done NO was decreased. NO production was down regulated by CP BVDV. CP BVDV also down regulated NO production through a soluble factor. Depolymerization of the cytoskeleton (microtubules or actin) had a major effect on BHV-1 replication. BHV-1 infection of macrophages resulted in down regulation of MHC Class I and Class II and CD 11b, 11c and 14 and inhibition of macrophage functions (phagocytosis and microbiocidial activity). BHV-4 infection did not affect any macrophage function.

Wisconsin: Interaction of the leukotoxin (LKT) with LFA-1 was shown to be necessary for the previously described ability of cytokines to enhance LKT cytotoxicity. Active BHV-1 infection was shown to alter responsiveness of bovine leukocytes to LKT; exposure to BHV-1 increased toxicity of LKT by increasing expression of LFA-1. In collaboration with MN, it was shown that preincubation of bovine PMNs with LKT or LPS enhanced cytotoxic activity of LKT. H. somnus and its LOS were shown to cause activation of bovine platelets and upregulation of surface molecules that may contribute to the development of vasculitis and thrombosis seen in H. somnus infection.

OBJECTIVE 3: Develop intervention strategies for critical control points to reduce the impact of BRD.

California: In a study to find an effective vaccine for BRSV that would stimulate a cell-mediated immune response without inducing disease enhancement, results show that the cDNA vaccine containing the BRSV NP protein provided some degree of protection, and appeared to induce the greatest proliferation of peripheral blood lymphocytes after vaccination and during infection.

Iowa: In vitro activation of bovine gamma-delta-T cells was observed to occur when stimulated with heated M. bovis antigen. PBMCs from infected or non-infected cattle yielded these cells, indicating that the reactivity was associated with innate immune responses.

Louisiana: Transfecting the upper respiratory tract of cattle with a gene coding for cecropin B does not result in a change in the indigenous and transient nasal flora. Results indicate that transfecting the upper respiratory tract with 100 microg of DNA per nostril does inhibit colonization of a virulent strain of M. haemolytica 1:A.

Michigan: In collaboration with AL, a study was undertaken to determine the effect that the continuous presence of PI cattle has on the overall performance of non-PI feedlot cattle. The results suggest that calves persistently infected with BVDV impact the performance of cohort feedlot cattle by increasing morbidity and decreasing average daily gain.

NADC: In collaboration with OK, a field trial was conducted on fall-shipped beef calves to evaluate a single-dose combination M. haemolytica/P. multocida edible modified-live vaccine formulation. The results indicated that vaccination with a modified-live M. haemolytica/P. multocida product single-dose product top-dressed on feed improved weight-gain of calves over a 35 day feeding trial by 6.1 kg compared to unvaccinated ones.

Oklahoma: The passive immunity transferred to calves from their dams was investigated in a beef herd. The mean half-life of viral antibodies was greater for vaccinates for all viruses, except BRSV. Mean antibody titers of vaccinates at day 116 were statistically higher than nonvaccinates for all viruses except BRSV. A study was undertaken to evaluate health status at entry to a feedlot against feedlot performance and carcass value. There were increased numbers of treatments for the individual animals in calves with low antibody levels of M. haemolytica whole cell antigen (MHWC), MH leukotoxin, BVDV1, BVDV2 and PI-3V. Seronegative persistently infected (PI) calves with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) subtype 1b were vaccinated with each of four modified live virus (MLV) BVDV vaccines and a M. haemolytica bacterin-toxoid. None of the PI calves developed mucosal disease (MD) after MLV vaccination. None of the BVDV PI calves seroconverted to BVDV1b after MLV vaccination. Calves receiving MLV vaccines seroconverted to the respective type/subtype in the vaccine. The PI BVDV1b calves did not respond with increased M. haemolytica antibodies after vaccination compared to BVDV negative calves receiving the same M. haemolytica vaccine.

South Dakota: A study was done to compare the effect of two dairy cow vaccination programs with either an inactivated vaccine in the dry period vs. MLV in the fresh period. There was no difference in production parameters with the exception of somatic cell count that was higher in MLV animals. Cows vaccinated with IV during the dry period had higher humoral and cellular response compared to cows vaccinated with a MLV.

Texas: Serum total antioxidant capacity (TACA) and serum malondialdehydes (MDA) were measured in transported cattle. Transportation stress decreased serum TACA and increased serum MDA.

NOTE: SEE THE "MINUTES" FOR DESCRIPTIONS OF INTERDEPENCENCE AMONG PARICIPATING MEMBERS AS WELL AS EXTRAMURAL FUNDING INFORMATION.

Carter JN, Meredith GL, Montelongo M, Gill DR, Krehbiel CR, Payton ME, Confer AW. Relationship of vitamin E supplementation and antimicrobial treatment with acute-phase protein responses in cattle affected by naturally acquired respiratory tract disease. Am J Vet Res 63:1111-1117, 2002.


Caverly JM, Diamond G, Gallup JM, Brogden KA, Dixon RA, Ackermann MR. Coordinated expression of tracheal antimicrobial peptide and inflammatory-response elements in the lungs of neonatal calves with acute bacterial pneumonia.
Infect Immun. 2003 May;71(5):2950-5.


Chen, L., D. B. Paulsen, D. W. Scruggs, M. M. Banes, B. Y. Reeks, and M. L. Lawrence.
2003. Alteration of DNA adenine methylase (Dam) activity in Pasteurella multocida
causes increased spontaneous mutation frequency and attenuation in mice. Microbiology.
In press.


Chase CCL, SK Chase and L Fawcett. 2003. Trends in the BVDV Serological Response in the United States Upper Midwest Region. Biologicals 31:145-151.


Chirase NK, Purdy CW, Avampato JM. Effect of simulated ambient particulate matter exposure on performance, rectal temperature and leukocytosis of young Spanish goats with or without tilmicosin phosphate. J An Sci. Accepted May 2003.


Cudd LA, Clarke CR, Clinkenbeard KD. Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin-induced increase in leukotriene B4 production by bovine neutrophils is mediated by sustained and excessive increase in intracellular calcium concentration. Accepted for publication by FEMS Micro. Let.


Confer AW, Ayalew S, Montelongo M, Panciera RJ, Whitworth LC, Hammer, JD. Immunogenicity of Mannheimia haemolytica serotype 1 recombinant outer membrane protein PlpE and augmentation of a commercial vaccine. Vaccine 21: 2821-2829: 2003


Dabo SM, Confer AW, Quijano-Blas RA. Molecular and immunological characterization of Pasteurella multocida A:3 OmpA: Evidence of its role in P. multocida interaction with extracellular matrix molecules. Microb Pathog, in press


S.M. Dabo, A.W. Confer, and R.A. Quijano-Blas: Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078-2007. Molecular and immunological characterization of Pasteurella multocida serotype A:3 OmpA: Evidence of its role in P. multocida interaction with extracellular matrix molecules. Bacterial Pathogenesis, in press, 2003.


Deshpande, M., T.C. Ambagala, A.P.N., Ambagala, and S. Srikumaran. 2002. Bovine CD18 is necessary and sufficient to mediate Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica leukotoxin induced cytolysis. Infection and Immunity, 70:5058 5064.


Fairbanks K, J Schnackel, and CCL Chase. 2003. Evaluation of a modified live virus type 1a bovine virus diarrhea vaccine (Singer strain) against a type 2 890 (Strain 890) challenge. Vet.Therapeutics 4:24-34.


Evermann JF, Ridpath JF. Clinical and epidemiologic observations of bovine viral diarrhea virus in the northwestern United States. Vet Microbiol. 2002 Oct 22;89(2-3):129-39.


Fajt VR, Apley MD, Roth JA, Frank DE, Brogden KA, Skogerboe TL, Shostrom VK, Chin YL. The effects of danofloxacin and tilmicosin on neutrophil function and lung consolidation in beef heifer calves with induced Pasteurella (Mannheimia) haemolytica pneumonia. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Jun;26(3):173-9.


Frank GH, Briggs RE, Duff GC, Hurd HS. Effect of intranasal exposure to leukotoxin-deficient Mannheimia haemolytica at the time of arrival at the feedyard on subsequent isolation of M haemolytica from nasal secretions of calves. Am J Vet Res. 2003 May;64(5):580-5.


Fulton RW, Step DL, Ridpath JF, Saliki JT, Confer AW, Johnson BJ, Briggs RE, Hawley RV, Burge LJ, Payton ME. Response of calves persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) subtype 1b after vaccination with heterologous BVDV strains in modified live virus vaccines and Mannheimia haemolytica bacterin-toxoid. Vaccine. 2003 Jun 20;21(21-22):2980-5.


Fulton RW, Ridpath JF, Confer AW, Saliki JT, Burge LG, Payton ME. Bovine viral diarrhoea virus antigenic diversity: impact on disease and vaccination programmes. Biologicals. 2003 Jun;31(2):89-95.


Fulton, R.W., Saliki, J.T., Burge, L.J., and Payton, M.: Humoral Immune Response and Assessment of Vaccine Virus Shedding in Calves Receiving Modified Live Virus Vaccines Containing Bovine Herpesvirus-1 and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 1a. Journal of Veterinary Medicine B, 50:31-37, 2003.


Fulton, R.W., Ridpath, J.F., Confer, A.W., Saliki, J.T., Burge, L.J., and Payton, M.E.: Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus Antigenic Diversity: Impact on Disease and Vaccination Programmes. Biologicals, 31:89-95, 2003.


Fulton, R.W., Step, D.L., Ridpath, J.F., Saliki, J.T., Confer, A.W., Johnson, B.J., Briggs, R.E., Hawley, R.V., Burge, L.J., and Payton, M.E.: Response of Calves Persistently Infected with Noncytopathic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Subtype 1 b after Vaccination with Heterologous BVDV Strains in Modified Live Virus Vaccines and Mannheimia haemolytica Bacterin-Toxoid. Vaccine, 21:2980-2985, 2003.


Gatto NT, Dabo SM, Hancock RE, Confer AW. Characterization of, and immune responses of mice to, the purified OmpA-equivalent outer membrane protein of Pasteurella multocida serotype A:3 (Omp28),. Vet Microbiol 87: 221-235, 2002


Geiser, G., Melissa Inman, Y. Zhang, and C. Jones. 2002. The latency related (LR) gene of bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV 1) can inhibit the ability of bICP0 to activate productive infection. J. of General Virology 83: 2965 2971.


Geiser, G., M. Inman, Y. Zhang, and C. Jones. 2002. The latency related (LR) gene of bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV 1) can inhibit the ability of bICP0 to activate productive infection. J. of General Virology 83: 2965 2971.


Geiser, V. and C. Jones. 2003. Stimulation of bovine herpesvirus 1 productive infection by the adenovirus E1A gene and the cellular transcription factor E2F4. J. of General Virology, 84:929 938.


Gopinath,R.S., A.P.N., Ambagala, S. Hinkley, and S. Srikumaran. 2002. Effects of virion host shut off activity of bovine herpesvirus 1 on MHC class I expression. Viral Immunology, 15: 595 608.


Grooms DL, Keilan E. Screening of neonatal calves for bovine viral diarrhea virus by immunohistochemistry on skin samples. Clin Diagn Lab Immun, 2002;9(4):898-9.


Harding, M. J., X. Cao, H. Shams, A.F. Johnson, V.B. Vassilev, L.H., D.W. Wheeler, D. Haines, G.J. Sibert, L.D. Nelson, M. Campos, M., R.O. Donis. (2002). Role of bovine viral diarrhea virus biotype in the establishment of fetal infections. Am J Vet Res 63(10), 1455 63.


Inman, M., L. lovato, A. doster, and C. jones. 2002. A mutation in the latency related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 disrupts the latency reactivation cycle in calves. J. of Virology, 76:6771 6779.


Jeyaseelan, S., S. Srinand, and S.K.Maheswaran. 2002. Role of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin in the pathogenesis of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. Animal Health Research Reviews. 3: 69-82.


Jones, C. Analysis of HSV 1 and BHV 1 1 latency. 2003. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 16:79 95


Kelling, C.L., Steffen, D.J., Topliff, C.L., Eskridge, K.M., Donis, R.O., Higuchi, D.S. 2002. Comparative virulence of bovine viral diarrhea virus type II in experimentally inoculated six to nine month old calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research 63:1379 1384.


Kelling, C.L., D. J Steffen, V.L Cooper, D.S. Higuchi, K.M. Eskridge. 2002. Effect of acute bovine viral diarrhea virus alone, bovine rotavirus alone, or concurrent infection with both on enteric disease in gnotobiotic neonatal calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 63:1179 1186.


Lakritz J, Marsh AE, Cockrell M, Smith MF, Tyler JW. Characterization of gelatinases in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and produced by alveolar macrophages isolated from healthy calves. Accepted, July 10, 2003; Am. J. Vet. Res.


Liang, D., I.F. Sainz, I.H. Ansari, L.H. Gil, V. Vassilev, and R.O. Donis (2003). The envelope glycoprotein E2 is a determinant of cell culture tropism in ruminant pestiviruses. J Gen Virol 84(Pt 5), 1269 74.


Leite FS, O!&Brien MJ, Sylte, et al. 2002. Inflammatory cytokines enhance the interaction of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin with bovine peripheral blood neutrophils in vitro. Infect Immun 70:4336-4343.


Leite FS, Giles D, Atapattu, et al. 2003. Prior exposure to Mannheimia haemoloytica leukotoxin or LPS enhances Beta2-integrin expression by bovine neutrophils and augments leukotoxin cytotoxicity. Microb Pathogen 34:267-275.


Liebler-Tenorio EM, Ridpath JF, Neill JD. Lesions and tissue distribution of viral antigen in severe acute versus subclinical acute infection with BVDV2.
Biologicals. 2003 Jun;31(2):119-22.


Liebler-Tenorio EM, Ridpath JF, Neill JD. Distribution of viral antigen and development of lesions after experimental infection of calves with a BVDV 2 strain of low virulence. J Vet Diagn Invest. 2003 May;15(3):221-32.


Lovato, L., M. Inman, G. Henderson, A. Doster., and C. Jones, C. 2003. Infection of cattle with a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) strain that contains a mutation in the latency related gene leads to increased apoptosis in trigeminal ganglia during the transition from acute infection to latency. J of Virology, 77:4848 4857.


Maheswaran, S.K., P. Thumbikat, and T. Dileepan. 2002. Current knowledge on pathogenesis of lung injury caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida in the bovine. Recent Developments and Perspectives in Bovine Medicine. Pages 160-167.


Mott, K., N. Osorio, L. Jin, D. Brick, J. Naito, J. Cooper, G. Henderson, M. Inman, C. Jones, S. L. Wechsler, and G. C. Perng. 2003. The BHV 1 LR gene!&s ability to restore the high reactivation phenotype to an HSV 1 LAT null mutant appears to be due to its anti apoptosis function. Journal of General Virology, IN PRESS.


Pillars RA, Grooms DL. Serological evaluation of five unvaccinated heifers for detecting herds persistently infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus, Am J Vet Res, 2002;63(4):499-5.


Purdy CW, Straus DC, Chirase N, Ayers JR, Hoover MD. Effects of aerosolized dust in goats on lung clearance of Pasteurella and Mannheimia species. Curr Micro 46(3):174. 2003.


Risatti, G. R., D. Pomp, and R.O. Donis (2003). Patterns of cellular gene expression in cells infected with cytopathic or non cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea Virus. Animal Biotechnology 14(1), 31 49.


Sylte MJ, Leite FP, Kuckleburg, Et al. 2003. Haemophilus somnus lipooligosaccharide-mediated apoptosis of bovine endothelial cells is caspase-8 dependent. Microb Pathogen. In press.


Thumbikat, P., R.E. Briggs, M.S. Kannan, and S.K. Maheswaran. 2003. Biological effects of two genetically defined mutants of Mannheimia haemolytica. Microb. Pathog. 34: 217-226.


Thumbikat P, Briggs RE, Kannan MS, Maheswaran SK. Biological effects of two genetically defined leukotoxin mutants of Mannheimia haemolytica. Microb Pathog. 2003 May;34(5):217-26.


Vanden Bush T. J., and R. F. Rosenbusch. 2003. Characterization of the immune response to Mycoplasma bovis lung infection. Vet. Immunol. Immunopath. 94: 23-33.


Woolums AR, Brown C, Brown Jr JC, et al. Effects of a single intranasal dose of modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine on resistance to subsequent viral challenge in calves. Am J Vet Res. In press. 2003.


Woolums AR, Siger S, Johnson S, Gallo G, Conlon J. Rapid onset of protection following
vaccination of calves with multivalent vaccines containing modified-live or modified-live
and killed BHV-1 is associated with virus-specific interferon gamma production. Vaccine.
2003; 21: 1158-1164.


Purdy CW, Straus DC, Chirase N, Parker DB, Ayers JR, Hoover MD. Effects of aerosolized endotoxin in feedyard dust on weanling goats. Small Rum Res 446:133. 2002.


ABSTRACTS:

Blackwood ER, Ayalew S, Confer AW. Molecular and Immunological Analysis of Outer Membrane Protein PlpE from Mannheimia haemolytica serotypes 1, 2, and 6. 83th Annual Meeting of CRWAD, 93, St. Louis, MO, 2002.


Bolin SR. BVD: The old and the new. Proceedings of the Minnesota Dairy Health Conference, St. Paul Minnesota, May20, 2003. pp 14-17.


Brady, R.P., C.L. Topliff, C.L. Kelling. 2002. Analyses of plasmid DNA encoding the attachment glycoprotein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases Proceedings.


Braun, LJ, M Braunschmidt, N Arias, Regina Wixon, CY Wang and CCL Chase. Effect of genistein on bovine herpesvirus 1 and bovine viral diarrhea virus infections in vivo. 35th annual Conference of American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Rapid City, SD, September 26-28, 2002, p. 206.


Chase CCL, G Elmowalid and LJ Braun. Effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus on bovine macrophages inflammatory functions and surface marker expression in vitro. Abstract A-4. 9th National Symposium: Basic Aspects of Vaccines, Bethesda, MD, April 30-May 2, 2003.


Confer AW. Pathogenesis of Bovine Bacterial Pneumonia. Proceedings ACVIM Forum, Charlotte, NC. 2003


Confer AW. Appropriate Usage of Antibiotics for Disease Control. Proceedings 2003 ASAS/ADSA Midwestern Regional Meeting, Des Moines, IA, 2003


Dabo SM, Confer AW, Quijano-Blast, RA. Pasteurella multocida OmpA as a potential adherence factor. Proceedings 103rd Annual Meeting of American Society of Microbiology, Washington, DC. 2003


Dabo SM, Confer AW, Quijano-Blast, RA. Identification of Bartonella henselae fibronectin binding proteins. Proceedings 103rd Annual Meeting of American Society of Microbiology, Washington, DC. 2003


Dunn J, Kaneene JB, Grooms D, Bolin S, Bolin C, Bruning-Fann C. The effect of infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis on the reliability of the caudal fold tuberculin (CFT) test and the gamma-interferon test for bovine tuberculosis in cattle. Proceedings of the 83th Annual Meeting of The Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, St. Louis, MO, November 11, 2002. Abstract # 47.


Elmowalid, G, BL Ransom, LJ Braun, A Young, J Ridpath and CCL Chase. Bovine viral diarrhea virus interferes with macrophage surface marker expression in vitro. Abstract 185. 83rd annual meeting of Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease, St. Louis, MO, November 11-12, 2002.


Fulton, R.W., Step, D.L., Ridpath, J.F., Saliki, J.T., Confer, A.W., Johnson, B.J., Welsh, R.D., Burge, L.J., Hawley, R.V., and Payton, M.E.: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Persistently Infected Calves: Response to Vaccinations and Diagnoses at Necropsy. 45th Annual Meeting of AAVLD, October 18-22, 2002. St. Louis, MO.


Fulton, R.W., Step, D.L., Ridpath, J.F., Saliki, J.T., Confer, A.W., Johnson, B.J., Welsh, R.D., Burge, L.J., Hawley, R.V., and Payton, M.E.: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) Infections of Calves after Exposure to Persistently Infected Calves with BVDV Subtype 1b. 45th Annual Meeting of AAVLD. October 18-22, 2002. St. Louis, MO.


Gopinath, R.S., T.C. Ambagala, A.P.N. Ambagala and S. Srikumaran. GP96 as an adjuvant for the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) specific for bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1). International Herpesvirus Workshop. July 26 31, 2003.


Grooms DL, Brock KV, Norby B. Performance Of Feedlot Cattle Exposed To Animals Persistently Infected With Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus. Proceedings of the 83th Annual Meeting of The Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, St. Louis, MO, November 11, 2002. Abstract # 186


Hassan EAD, B Tigabu, LJ Braun and CCL Chase. Reorganization of microtubules and actin filaments in bovine herpesvirus-1-infected cells and their role in virion egress. Abstract p28-5. 22nd Annual Meeting of American Society for Virology, Davis, CA July 12-16, 2003.


Hassan, EAD, LJ Braun, and CCL Chase. The effect of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) on the organization of actin filaments and microtubules. Abstract 116-P. 83rd annual meeting of Conference of Research Workers in Animal Disease, St. Louis, MO, November 11-12, 2002.


Hunsaker, B.D, C.L.Topliff, J.A. Achenbach, C.L.Kelling. 2002. Back passage of a commercial modified live vaccine (MLV) strain of type 1 noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus did not result in reversion to virulence. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases Proceedings.


Inman, M. and C. Jones, Identification and Characterization of a Novel Transcript containing an ORF that is expressed during latency, and is Antisense to the Latency Related Gene of BHV 1. International Herpesvirus Workshop. July 26 31, 2003.


Jiang, Y., M. Inman, Y. Zhang, and C. Jones. A mutation in the latency related gene of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) inhibits expression of proteins encoded by ORF2 and Reading Frame C during productive infection. International Herpesvirus Workshop. July 26 31, 2003.


Lasarsky, E., Fulton, R.W., Confer, A.W., Saliki, J.T., Briggs, R.E., and Huchzermeier, R.: Bovine Coronavirus Infections in Cattle: Detection in Nasal Swabs by Antigen Capture ELISA and RT-PCR. CRWAD, November 10-12, 2002. St. Louis, MO.


Lin, K-f, McArthur-Vaughan, K., Rhodes, G.H., Gershwin, L.J. Evaluation of cDNA Vaccines Coding for F or N Proteins of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Clinical Outcome and Immune Response. W43-12. American Society for Virology, 22nd Annual meeting, University of California, Davis. July 12-16, 2003.


Lu, X., and R. F. Rosenbusch. Mycoplasma bovis induces the up-regulation of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 in bovine aortic endothelial cells. 83rd Annual Meeting of the Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease, St. Louis, Poster 6P, 2002.


Maheswaran, S. K., C. Malazdrewich, and H.S. Yoo. 2002. The role of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, and IL-8 in pneumonic mannheimiosis. Proceedings 8th International Vet. Emergency and Critical Care Symposium, Pp 423-426. September 4-8,
San Antonio, Texas.


Maheswaran, S.K., and P. Thumbikat. 2002. Molecular characterization of the Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin receptor: Controversy and conundrums. Proc. 83rd Conf.Res. Workers Anim. Dis. Abst. No: 1.


Marsh, T and C Chase. Evaluation of alternate year vaccination practices in a cow-calf herd. 35th annual conference of American Association of Bovine Practitioners, Rapid City, SD, September 26-28, 2002, p. 172.


Miao C, Woolums AR, Brown C, Brown C, Brown Jr JC, Williams S, Zarlenga DS. Measurement of cytokine gene expression by RT-competitive PCR in BRSV vaccinated and infected calves. Proceedings of the Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease (CRWAD), St. Louis MO, November 2002.


Mott, K.R., N. Osorio, L. Jin, D. Brick, J. Naito, J. Cooper, G. Henderson, M. Inman, C. Jones, S. L. Wechsler, and G. C. Perng. The BHV 1 LR gene‘s ability to restore the high reactivation phenotype to an HSV 1 LAT null mutant appears to be due to its anti apoptosis function. ARVO meeting (vision and ophthalmology meeting), May, 2003.


Prado ME, Dabo SM, Confer AW. Cloning and characterization of HasR gene homologue from Pasteurella multocida A:3. Proceedings of HAP2002, Banff, Alberta, Canada, 2002.


Thumbikat, P., T. Dileepan, and S.K. Maheswaran. 2003. The bovine LFA-1 domain plays a critical role in mediating target cell activation but not binding of Mannheimia haemolytica leukotoxin. 103rd General Meeting, American Society Microbiology, Abstract # E-101.


Topliff, C.L., S.K.Chon, R.O. Donis, K.M. Eskridge, C.L.Kelling. 2002. Translational Efficiencies of genotype 2 bovine viral diarrrhea virus field isolates using a T7 vaccinia virus expression system. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases Proceedings.


Y. Zhang & C. Jones. The bovine herpes virus 1 (BHV 1) immediate early gene encodes a protein (bICP0) that inhibits p53 transcriptional activity by sequestering A histone acetyltransferase (p300). International Herpesvirus Workshop. July 26 31, 2003.




DISSERTATION AND THESES:

Elmowalid, Gamal. Unmasking the effect of bovine viral diarrhea virus on macrophage inflammatory functions. PhD Dissertation, South Dakota State University, 2002.


Arias, Nicolas. Analysis of Two Vaccination Programs in Dairy Cows and Their Impact on the Herd Performance and Colostrum Quality. Master of Science Thesis, South Dakota State University, 2003.


Miao, Congrong. Cytokine messenger RNA expression in calves vaccinated intranasally with modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) prior to BRSV challenge. Master of Science Thesis, University of Georgia, 2003.


Ransom, Brian. The Effect of Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 or Type 4 on the Functional Characteristics of Monocyte-Derived Macrophages. Master of Science Thesis, South Dakota State University, 2003.