Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The first meeting of the new S-1045 regional project technical committee was held on June 2 - June 4, 2010 at the Texas A&M University McGregor Research Center, McGregor, TX. The meeting was officially called to order at 8:30 am on June 2 by Dr. Andy Herring. Dr. Jim Sanders welcomed everyone to the McGregor Research Center and gave a brief history and description of the station. He also described the stations past contributions to previous projects as well the current research being done. After an introduction of the committee members Dr. Andy Herring announced the members of the Resolutions Committee (Drs. Sid DeRouen, Fred Thrift, and Rhonda Vann) and the Nominating Committee (Drs. Mike Brown, David Riley and Wayne Wyatt). Dr. Fred Thrift gave the group an update on the joint analysis of objective 2 from the previous project S-1013. Data from S-243 and S-277 projects were also compiled and used in the joint paper titled Review: Preweaning, Postweaning and Carcass Trait Comparisons for Progeny Sired by Subtropical Adapted Beef Sire Breeds at Various U.S. Locations. Dr. Thrift indicated that a version had been sent to JAS for review and has received no response to date. The issue of cost for the publication was discussed and decided that assistance would be asked from the administrative advisor for the group, Dr. David Morrison. If the request was unsuccessful, the authors decided to contribute equally. Dr. Thrift was thanked by the group for his work in compiling the data and he indicated that the cow traits would be compiled in the next year. Dr. Hayden Brown shared analysis and results on objective 3 of the previous S-1013 project. He indicated that a paper was being prepared for review and publication. Dr. Brown indicated that contributing stations with temperament data (exit velocity or flight speed) for the objective should put the data together for analysis and publication. Station reports and discussion of data collection for the new S-1045 project began and Dr. Andy Herring asked that each station give their reports for each objective. Discussion was led by Dr. Fred Thrift on objective 1a. Dr. Thrift prepared number codes for each contributing station for this objective for ease in collation of data at the end of the project time period. He suggested that a common Angus sire (Bon View New Design 878) be used to tie populations together for genetic analysis. He still encouraged stations to collect the data even if the sire was not used or going to be used in the future. Data collected for the incidence of pinkeye should include a code of 0 through 2 with 0 = None, 1= Slight, and 2 = Severe for each eye. The group requested that Dr. Thrift provide all contributing stations with pictures of the different scores, specifically 1 and 2, so stations could be standardized in their assessments of the animals for this objective. Dr. Andy Herring led the discussion on objective 1b. Dr. Herring indicated that because of the nature of this objective that funding sources are needed and that there are some companies that might be interested in giving support. Station reports for this object were heard from Dr. Andy Herring (Texas A&M) and Dr. Sid DeRouen representing the Hill Farm/Dean Lee and Iberia stations in Louisiana. For objective 1c, Dr. Bob Godfrey provided a station report and also discussed data collection for this objective. He stated that several methods were being looked at for the counting of ticks and flies on animals involved in the objective. Digital pictures could be an option and this collection would be more refined this summer. He indicated that each contributing station would be contacted with the protocol once it was decided. After this discussion, the group broke for some time to view the cattle at the McGregor station before and after lunch which was provided at the meeting location. After the break, Dr. Sid DeRouen gave a station report and facilitated discussion for objective 2. It was recommended that pregnancy status, body condition scores, and cow weights be added to the objective for cow traits. When to measure cow weights was discussed and the group decided that each station would decide on when to take those according to when cows are brought up for herd management. Dr. Gary Hansen suggested that reproductive tract scores on heifers be taken if stations have the ability to do so. Two measures were added to the calf traits that included a birth code of 1 through 3 with 1 = single birth, 2 = twins, and 3 = genetic abnormality and a calf survival code of 1 through 6 with 1 = normal, 2 = stillborn, 3 = death during delivery, 4 = death before 3 days of age, 5 = death between 3 and 14 days, and 6 = death after 14 days. Drs. Wayne Wyatt and Gary Hansen were asked to send contributing stations information on coat color codes to be used on the calves. Dr. Hayden Brown suggested that recording disposition of the cow at calving would be another important trait to assess. Station reports were given by Drs. Sid DeRouen and Mike Brown. Dr. David Riley recommended that a genetic tie should be considered for the stations that are milking cows for this objective. Dr. Jim Sanders added that maybe the group should consider molecular linkages through SNP data. Drs. Wayne Wyatt and Gary Hansen volunteered to create a spreadsheet for all traits to identify linkages among herds at different stations. Collection procedures for objective 3 were discussed. Dr. Andy Herring asked that information on the animals collected and the type of samples used at each station be sent to him in order to compile a summary for each year. Dr. Matt Garcia suggested that ear notches should be taken at birth. The group asked that he provide information to each contributor on the type of materials needed to collect this type of sample. Dr. Bob Godfrey led the discussion for objective 4 and provided a station report. Dr. Godfrey indicated that the protocol on the collection of hair samples will be refined this summer and the information sent to contributors. Dr. Wayne Wyatt gave station reports for Dean Lee, Iberia, and Central stations in Louisiana. During his presentation questions were brought up about the objectives ability to assess true measures of body heat with rectal thermometers and the amount of error that can occur from estimating respiration rate. In response to these questions, Dr. Sid DeRouen suggested dropping respiration rate and adding shedding scores to the protocol. Dr. Jim Sanders requested that Dr. Trent Smith send descriptions and pictures of the different shedding scores to all contributing stations. A debate on when to take shedding scores occurred but the topic was tabled until the next day. The group adjourned for the day at 4:00 p.m. The group reconvened on June 3 at the McGregor Research Center facility. Dr. Andy Herring called the meeting to order at 8:05 a.m. He requested that each station send a copy of their station report to him within the next 30 days so that a combined document can be prepared and sent to the administrative advisor. A request was made that Drs. Wayne Wyatt and Sid DeRouen provide the group with pictures of the hair luster and lengths scores that will be used in objective 4. It was decided that collection of hair shedding scores would need to be done when it was meaningful for each station. At this time, discussion ended on the new project S-1045. Business meeting was called by Dr. Andy Herring at 8:15. Dr. Herring requested reports from the nominating and resolution committees. The nominating committee (Drs. Mike Brown, David Riley and Wayne Wyatt) made the following nominations: Dr. Bob Godfrey (chair), Dr. Trent Smith (chair elect) and Dr. Gary Hansen (secretary). The nominated individuals were elected by unanimous vote. The resolution committee (Drs. Sid DeRouen, Fred Thrift, and Rhonda Vann) submitted their report as follows: Whereas the S-1045 Technical Committee is committed to improving beef cattle production systems in the southern region and other regions of the United States. And whereas the S-1045 Technical Committee is improved by exchange of research findings and approaches at different institutions and locations as well as observing different beef cattle production systems. Therefore, be it resolved that the S-1045 Technical Committee expresses its gratitude to Drs. Jim Sanders, Andy Herring, David Riley and Jason Sawyer and Ms. Priscilla Dowell and Ms. Annie Clement at McGregor Research Center for planning and coordinating its 2010 annual meeting in McGregor, TX and for coordinating tours of the research cattle herds at the McGregor Research Center and privately owned cattle herds belonging to Mark Hannan (Happy Cattle Company), Mike Partin (Heart Bar Ranch), Tom McGrady (McGrady Ranch) and Bill and Yvonne Woods (Woodstone Angus Ranch). Be it also resolved that the S-1045 Technical Committee expresses appreciation to Drs. Fred Thrift, Bill Holloway, David Riley, Gary Hansen, Trent Smith, Bob Godfrey and Rhonda Vann for developing the text of the objectives, and to Dr. Andy Herring for serving as the overall writing coordinator of the new project and coordination of this meeting and meeting location. Be it also resolved that the S-1045 Technical Committee extends its thanks to Dr. David Morrison for his oversight, leadership, and friendship as administrative advisor of the project. Respectively submitted 6/3/10 by Fred Thrift, Sid DeRouen, and Rhonda Vann. The resolutions were approved by unanimous vote. Dr. Andy Herring initiated discussion of the location for next years meeting. Dr. Gary Hansen invited the group to meet in North Carolina in 2011 at the Tidewater Research Center. The group accepted the offer. The meeting was adjourned by Dr. Andy Herring at 8:45 a.m. and the group then traveled to Mark Hannans Happy Cattle Company near Athens, Texas followed by a trip to Mike Partins Heart Bar Ranch at Montalba, Texas. The tours ended with travel to Huntsville for the night. On June 4th at 8:00 a.m., the group left Huntsville and traveled to Tom McGradys Polled Hereford and South Poll cattle operation. The group finished up the tours at Woodstone Angus Ranch in New Ulm and then departed. Meeting minutes are respectfully submitted by Dr. Trent Smith, secretary.

As this is the first year of the project, there have been limited analyses conducted on data. This section of the report is presented by objective, and primarily highlights data that have been collected to date. Objective 1, Estimation of genetic variation associated with susceptibility/resistance to specific measures of disease stress in cattle managed on forage, has three specific components of 1a- Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis, 1b-Bovine Respiratory Disease vaccination response, and 1c-External Parasites . Objective 1a: Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) In Kentucky, cooperator-owned, spring-born purebred Angus calves are evaluated at weaning for evidence of IBK acquired during the preweaning period. The following subjective scoring system is utilized to evaluate each eye: 0=no evidence of IBK in eye, 1=slight case of IBK in eye, 2=severe case of IBK in eye. Incidence of IBK in right (RE) and left (LE) eyes has been collected on 490 calves at weaning during 2008 (n = 208) and 2009 (n = 282). Percent IBK incidence were: 5.8% in the right eye and 8.7% in the left eye in 2008 and 15.6% in the right eye and 12.0% in the left eye in 2009. In Arkansas, subjective eye scores for IBK were determined for purebred (n = 164) and commercial calves (n = 81) at three locations in northwest Arkansas. The purebred calves are in the registry of the American Angus Association. New Design 878 was the common sire used across these locations. The commercial Angus calves were sired by purebred Angus bulls. In Louisiana, a total of 373 calves (206 calves at the Hill Farm/Dean Lee Stations and 167 calves at the Iberia Research Station) were evaluated for evidence of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) during the preweaning period using a subjective scoring system where 0 = no evidence of IBK in either eye and 1 = evidence of IBK in one or both eyes. In Mississippi, crossbred calves (n = 74) at the Brown Loam Experiment station were evaluated at weaning for evidence of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis (IBK) using a subjective scoring system where 0=no evidence of IBK in either eye and 1=evidence of IBK in one eye and 2=evidence in IBK in both eyes. At Starkville, Angus (67), Hereford (21), and Charolais (23) calves were evaluated for evidence of Infectious Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis at weaning. Calves were born late August through mid November and were weaned the first week of May at about 205 days of age. A subjective scoring system was used where 0 = no evidence of IBK in either eye, and 1 = evidence of IBK in one or both eyes. Objective 1b: Bovine Respiratory Disease Vaccination Response All locations in Objective 1b use the same vaccines. In Louisiana, 373 calves were also evaluated to access genetic variation for Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) Complex. All calves were vaccinated with either a killed or a modified-live vaccine (MLV) at weaning. Body weight, rectal temperature and blood serum were collected on calves at the time the booster vaccination of a killed vaccine was administered or the time a single MLV was administered (Day 0). Body weight, rectal temperature and blood serum were also collected 28 or 42 days later. Sera was frozen and banked for later antibody titer response assays and whole blood was collected and frozen (-80C) for future evaluation of genomic DNA as genetic markers for immune function and health status as funding allows. Calves were observed for visual signs of illness and scored on a 1 to 5 scale for gut fill (1 = normal to 5 = extremely gaunt), attitude (1 = normal to 5 = nonambulatory), ocular discharge (1 = none to 5 = extreme), and nasal discharge (1 = none to 5 = extreme). Animals suspected of having BRD had additional rectal temperatures collected and all health treatments administered were recorded. In Texas, 78 yearling steers (half Bos indicus-half Bos taurus) were were verified to be bovine viral diarrhea (BVD)-free through ear notch IHC and were not vaccinated for bovine respiratory disease before the vaccination trial began. Approximately 33.3% were assigned to killed vaccine treatment, 33.3% were assigned to modified-live vaccine treatment, and 33.3% were not vaccinated. Steers were stratified by sire and cow family across three treatments. Cattle in the killed vaccine group were injected with a commercially available killed BRD vaccine according to label directions 56 and 35 days before challenge. Cattle in the modified-live (MLV) group were injected with a commercially available MLV vaccine 35 days before challenge. Cattle were challenged (day 0) with a Type 1b, non-cytopathic BVD virus strain. Cattle had blood samples, rectal temperature, weights, feed intake and visual observations of health collected. Objective 2: Characterize diverse, tropically adapted beef breeds in subtropical and temperate areas of the United States with emphasis on cow fertility and productivity in comparison to Bos indicus influenced breeds and types. In Louisiana, reproductive and maternal information were collected on a total of 848 heifers and cows and 604 calves from 3 locations in 2009. Information obtained include breed of cow, sire/sire breed and dam/ dam breed of cow, cow birth year, mating information (natural or artificial insemination; single or multiple sires; number of cows per bull; season or insemination dates), predominant forage, sire/sire breed of calf, calving date, calf birth code (1 = single; 2 = twin; 3 = genetic abnormality), coat color, calving difficulty (1 = normal; 2 = easy pull; 3 = hard pull; 4 = caesarian section; note the abnormal presentation of calf), calf vigor issues (1 = normal; 2 = weak but nursed without assistance; 3 = weak and assisted to nurse; add any notes), calf survival (1 = normal; 2 = stillborn; 3 = died in delivery; 4 = died before 3 days; 5 = died after 3 days; 6 = died before weaning), birth weight, weaning date, weaning weight, date of death and reason/notes, date of culling and reason/notes, and date of occurrence and notes related to any health issue. In Mississippi, data were collected on 196 spring and fall calving Angus, Hereford, and Charolais cows. Cows were managed for two A.I. breedings and placed with clean-up bulls for approximately 30 days. Cows calved from late August to mid-November (fall 2009) and late January to late March (spring 2010). The following data were collected on the cows: breed, sire/sire breed and dam/ dam breed of cow, birth date, mating information, predominant forage in pastures and if females were culled or died during production, reasons were documented. The following information was taken during calving season on all cows: calving date, calving difficulty (1 = normal; 2 = easy pull; 3 = hard pull; 4 = caesarian section; note the abnormal presentation of calf), and calf vigor issues (1 = normal; 2 = weak but nursed without assistance; 3 = weak and assisted to nurse; add any notes). Calf records included sire/sire breed of calf, birth weight within 24 hrs, weaning date, weaning weight, and documentation if calf died during the preweaning period or had health issues. In Texas (TAMU), a genomics project was initiated in 2002 with the primary objective of finding genes with major effects on cow productivity traits and secondary objectives of finding genes with major effects on disposition, feed efficiency, and carcass and meat traits. Embryo transfer families of F2 Nellore/Angus calves have been produced, with the goal of twenty heifers per family in ten families. The families are out of ten donor cows (some donors have been replaced because of poor embryo production) and by a total of four bulls. The first calves from this study were born in the spring 2003, with calves born in both the spring and fall, up through the spring of 2007. In addition to the embryo transfer full-sib families, four half-sib families were produced by mating F1 Angus-Nellore sires, by natural service, to F1 and F2 Brahman-Hereford and Brahman-Angus dams. These calves are produced in multiple-sire breeding pastures and required DNA identification of their sires. The four sires of the embryo transfer families are included in the bulls that produce these natural service calves. The natural service calves identified as being sired by these four bulls are evaluated in the same way as the embryo transfer calves. Note that the calves within any one of these half sib families are also half sibs to the calves in at least two of the embryo transfer full-sib families. Two additional cycles of the genomics project have been started. Cycle 2 involves the production by natural service of all four types of Nellore - Angus reciprocal F2s, to continue our evaluation of reciprocal differences in Bos indicus - Bos taurus crosses. Cycle 3 involves the production of F3s from animals produced in Cycle 1. Objective 3: Establish a DNA bank for characterization of molecular markers, genetic parameter estimation and future discovery of genes that influence economically important traits in pedigreed beef cattle populations. At Starkville, Mississippi, DNA samples have been collected via whole blood and hair cards on spring calving cows (n=40) and fall 2009 weaned calves (n=111). Whole blood was collected and placed in 2ml cryotubes and stored in a -80°C freezer. Both blood samples and hair cards were cataloged for future reference. Hair samples were collected on spring 2010 calves and blood samples will be taken at weaning. Fall calving cows are to be sampled in the first week of June 2010. Information on each animal includes animal, sire and dam identification, breed, and location. DNA will be extracted in the future to find genetic markers associated with cow reproductive and maternal traits and calf traits. In Texas (TAMU), for the cattle in Cycle 1 of the genomics project, DNA was extracted from either blood or semen for all of the grandparents and parents of the embryo transfer calves. For the embryo transfer calves, a small blood sample (about 5 cc) was collected shortly after birth; in addition, for male calves, the bottom of the scrotum and the testicles were saved for DNA extraction. Shortly before weaning, a larger (200 cc) blood sample was collected for each calf in the project. In the fall 2001, all cattle at the McGregor station, including the cattle in Objective 2 of this project, were bled for DNA extraction. In each successive year, calves are bled shortly before weaning. Objective 4: Evaluation of relationships between hair coat and production traits in beef cattle breed types At Starkville, Mississippi Spring-calving cows and fall-weaned calves (Same calves as described in objective 1a) were evaluated prior to breeding season and at weaning, respectively. At each collection point, rectal and thermal surface temperatures were collected over the rump, rib, and shoulder. Hair samples (2 x 4) were collected for weighing before thermal images were taken. Respiration rate was collected after the animal entered the chute and before squeeze was applied. Hair coat scores were taken by using a 5-point scale for luster: 1 = glossy, healthy appearance; 2 = slightly glossy with patches of dull; 3 = intermediate between glossy and dull; 4 = mostly dull, some indication of unthriftiness; and 5 = dull and unthrifty and length: 1 = short; 2 = shows some winter growth; 3 = intermediate in length; 4 = long in places, but intermediate in others; and 5 = long. At Brown Loam Mississippi Station, crossbred calves (n=74) were evaluated at weaning for hair coat scores and surface temperature. Calves were weighed, restrained in the cattle squeeze chute and surface temp collected and then hair samples collected over the shoulder, ribs and hip region and then evaluated for hair coat length and luster. Hair coat luster was subjectively evaluated using the following 5-point scale: 1=glossy, healthy appearance; 2=slightly glossy with patches of dull; 3-intermediate between glossy and dull; 4=mostly dull, some indication of unthriftiness; and 5=dull and unthrifty. Hair length scores were subjectively evaluated using the following 6 point scale: 1=evidence of the slick phenotype; 2=short; 3=shows some winter growth; 4=intermediate in length; 5=long in places, but intermediate in others; and 6=long. In addition an ear notch was collected and stored for possible future DNA analysis. At Texas (TAMU), Based on protocols discussed at this years meeting, some of the cattle involved in Objective 2 of this regional project will be allocated for the scoring of hair coat characteristics. In the Virgin Islands, work has focused on Senepol cattle with slick hair phenotype. A single gene has been identified that is responsible for expression of a phenotype in cattle characterized by a short, sleek hair coat and increased heat tolerance as measured by lower rectal temperatures and respiration rates. This gene has been found in Senepol cattle and it has been determined that it has a simple dominance mode of inheritance. All cows in the UVI research herd have been identified as either homozygous (HH) or non-homozygous (NH) for the slick hair gene by testing for a closely linked marker. The objective of this trial was to compare the hair coat characteristics and body temperature measurements of the two genotypes. The NH genotype was detected in 19% of the cows and a subsample of NH (n = 5) and HH (n = 6) cows were used in this study. Cows were loosely restrained in a shaded squeeze chute between 1030 and 1230 hr for sample collection. Hair samples were collected from the shoulder, over the ribs and rump in a 40.6 cm2 area using electric clippers. Surface temperature (ST) of a non-clipped area over the ribs was measured using an infrared thermometer. Rectal temperature (RT) was collected using a digital veterinary thermometer. Respiration rate (RR) was measured by counting breaths for 15 s and adjusting to breaths per minute (bpm). Hair samples were weighed and individual hairs were counted to determine hair weight and density. Individual hair weight was estimated by dividing the sample weight by number of hairs. Plans for upcoming year There are no significant deviations to plans and methodology as laid out in the project proposal. Data collection will continue and analyses results will be presented next year. Some locations were not able to collect data in 2009-2010 to contribute to this years report but will contribute to the project beginning in 2010-2011. There was productive discussion at the 2010 meeting to standardize the eye score system for IBK (Objective 1a) with photos circulated to the committee. Additionally, productive discussions of the hair coat scoring system at the 2010 meeting also produced increased standardization of scoring. Individual states budget concerns may dictate access to animals and animal numbers for participants, but are not foreseen as a major threat to the success of the project.

MacAuley, A.L., A.J. Weis and R.W. Godfrey. 2010. Hair coat traits and body temperature of Senepol cows based on phenotype and genotype for the slick hair gene. J. Anim. Sci. 88(Suppl. 1):21. Senepol Cattle in the US Virgin Islands: History and Current Research International Conference on the Senepol Breed and its Crosses, Medellín, Colombia, November 21- 22, 2009 Runyan, C. A., A. D. Herring, J. F. Ridpath, M. S. Cabaniss, C. T. Muntean, J. E. Sawyer. 2010. Health measures in beef steers of known genetic background following BVDV challenge. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. X): 2(Abstr.) Southern Section ASAS Feb. 6-9, Orlando. Runyan, C. A., A. D. Herring, J. F. Ridpath, M. S. Cabaniss, C. T. Muntean, J. E. Sawyer. 2010. Feed intake and weight gain in beef steers of known genetic background following BVDV challenge. J. Anim. Sci. (Suppl. X): 2(Abstr.) Southern Section ASAS Feb. 6-9, Orlando. Rowe, C. W., F. W. Pohlman, A. H. Brown, Jr., R. T. Baublits, and Z. B. Johnson. 2009. 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Arkansas Animal Science Department Report. Arkansas Agri. Exper. Sta. Research Series 574:18-21. Starnes, A. R., A. H. Brown, Jr., Z. B. Johnson, J. G. Powell, J. L. Reynolds, S. T. Reiter, M. L. Looper, and C. F. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2009. Relationships Between Prolactin Promoter Polymorphisms and Angus Calf Temperament Scores and Fecal Egg Counts. Arkansas Animal Science Department Report. Arkansas Agri. Exper. Sta. Research Series 574:22-24. Brown, Jr., A. H., S. T. Reiter, M. A. Brown, Z. B. Johnson, I. A. Nabhan, M. A. Lamb, A. R. Starnes, and C. F. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2009. Effects of Heat Shock Protein-70 Gene and Forage system on Milk Yield and Composition of Beef Cattle. Arkansas Animal Science Department Report. Arkansas Agri. Exper. Sta. Research Series 574:25-28. Kellogg, D. W., A. H. Brown, Jr., Z. B. Johnson, C. F. Rosenkrans, Jr., and K. S. Anschutz. 2009. A Comparison of Milk Production and Milk Composition Traits for Three Breed Types of Dairy Cattle. Arkansas Anumal Science Department Report. Arkansas Agri. Exper. Stat. Research Series 574:35-37. Pohlman, F. W., A. H. Brown, Jr., P. N. Dias-Morse, L. M. McKenzie, T. N. Rojas, and l. N. Mehall. 2009. Evaluation of Potassium Lactate Incorporated Gelatin Coating as an Antimicrobial Intervention on Microbial Properties of Beef Steaks. Arkansas Animal Science Department Report. Arkansas Agri. Exper. Sta. Research Series 574:117-119.