Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Monday, June 8 The meeting was called to order at 8:30 am by Henry Zerby, Chair, in the E.S. Good Barn on the campus of the University of Kentucky. Don Ely and Debra Aaron, hosts of the meeting, and Dr. Bob Harmon, Department Head, welcomed the group. Henry Zerby then asked us each to introduce ourselves. As per the discussion last year, we were asked to think about following up on the request of Christopher Schauer to have a joint meeting (WERA 112/NCERA 190, now 214) in 2011. Mike Thonney volunteered to Chair the Resolutions Committee and Joan Burke and Katherine Petersson agreed to serve. Kreg Leymaster volunteered to Chair the Nominations Committee and Jim Miller and Dave Thomas agreed to serve. Since Justin (current Vice-Chair) has dropped out of NCERA-214 after moving to Wisconsin, it was decided to move Jim Miller to Chair for the 2011 meeting and to elect a new Vice-Chair and Secretary. The Sheep Curriculum Development Committee established last year (Mike Thonney (Chair), Jeff Held, Richard Ehrhardt and Debra Aaron) will meet tomorrow and report. Paul Rogers suggested that a committee be established to attend the National Program 101 Stakeholder meeting next year to provide input of food animal production needs. We will talk about this tomorrow afternoon and go from there. Henry Zerby chaired station reports. Objective 1- Develop and evaluate methods to improve reproductive efficiency: Cornell University (Mike Thonney),Texas Agrilife Research (Dan Waldron), U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA Nebraska (Kreg Leymaster), Sheep Experiment Station, USDA, Idaho (Greg Lewis), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (David Notter) and Virginia State University (Stephan Wildeus). Objective 2 - Develop strategies to improve and predict efficiency of lean growth, carcass quality, and meat palatability: South Dakota State University (Jeff Held) and Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Scott Greiner). Adjourned for lunch Objective 2 (continued) - Iowa State University (Dan Morrical). Objective 3 - Evaluate genetic resources, nutrient requirements, and production systems for milk production: University of Wisconsin-Madison (David Thomas). Objective 4 - Develop profitable and sustainable production systems (including parasite control and other health issues): Cornell University (Mike Thonney), Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA, Arkansas (Joan Burke), Fort Valley State University (Will Getz), Louisiana State University (Jim Miller), Michigan State University (Richard Ehrhardt), U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA, Nebraska (Kreg Leymaster) and Virginia State University (Stephan Wildeus). Objective 5 - Wide dissemination of research results and information to universities, regulatory agencies and producers: University of Maryland (Susan Schoenian) and others as presented in the proceedings. Adjourned for dinner Objective 4 (re-visited)  University of Rhode Island (Katherine Petersson). Business meeting called to order by Henry Zerby (Chair) at 7:40 pm. Approval of the 2009 meeting minutes was requested by Henry Zerby. Dan Morrical moved to approve the minutes and Jeff Held seconded the motion. Motion approved. Nomination Committee: Kreg Leymaster nominated Jim Miller (Chair), Richard Ehrhardt (Vice-Chair) and Jeff Held (Secretary) as the 2010-11 officers. Mike Thonney moved to accept the nominated officers, and Jim Thompson seconded the motion. Motion approved. Meeting next year  Greg Lewis reiterated that WERA-112 would like to have a joint meeting to be held in Rapid City, SD. South Dakota State University would be the NCERA-214 host (Jeff Held and Julie Walker). The proposed dates would be June 6-8, 2011. Dave Thomas moved to approve the joint meeting and Kreg Leymaster seconded the motion. Motion approved. Jim Miller indicated that Utah State University (Noelle Cockett) wants to host the 2012 meeting in Logan, UT. Debra Aaron asked why our Administrative Advisor was not present. John Kirby was scheduled to come for Monday, but there was a meeting schedule overlap that interfered with him coming. Dave Thomas indicated that Raluca Mateescu was not here because her Experiment Station Director would not provide travel funding. It might help if someone would either write a letter or speak privately to her Director about the importance of attending. Lowell Slyker (Sheep and Goat Research Journal) thanked reviewers for their service to the journal. He encouraged us to use the journal especially for practical applications. The journal has been indexed by CAB since 2005 and will now start to make full articles available. Jim Morgan (National Sheep Improvement Program) said the website will have enrollment forms available later in the month (Portal to Pedigree Wizard). Flock enrollment fees will go up to allow getting Pedigree Wizard, and funds will be used to run the NSIP office. Ten reasons to partner with LAMBLAN were presented. There was discussion on NSIP data input and distribution in conjunction with LAMBPLAN. Guy Flora (American Sheep and Goat Center) indicated that the grants program that was previously funded will hopefully start again next year after 2 years in hiatus. The new Center has been authorized with funding at one million dollars a year (10% will be for administration and 90% for grants). Paul Rogers (American Sheep Industry) indicated he will Chair the Production, Research and Education Council and encouraged contributions to the effort of the Council. The producer survey is on the website. The NAHMS Sheep Survey indicated health issues were primary. There is some interesting non-traditional lamb marketing information on the website. The optical image scanning project at Colorado State University is finishing up with some preliminary data (collecting loin and tenderness). Appropriations  Scrapie eradication funds not easy to get and there are additional funds for Bighorn research. There is a sheep handling video featuring Temple Grandin being made. There will be a genetics conference in Ohio July 10-11. Dan Morrical reported that the Research Symposium at the national ASI meeting was well received. There was discussion on whether it should be a regular annual event or less often. Every other year would make travel funding easier. Or, have 3 of the 6 topics every year and alternate. Henry Zerby closed the Business Meeting by indicating that resolutions, curriculum and future directions/research will be addressed tomorrow. Meeting was adjourned at 8:45 pm. Tuesday, June 9 Morning  The group had a very nice visit to Keenland Thoroughbred Racing and Sales and then a tour of the UK Sheep Farm which ended with a lunch of smoked lamb. Business meeting (continued) was called to order at 1:00 pm. Curriculum/education Committee initiated discussion on mechanism for providing materials for those (producers, undergraduate/graduate students, etc.) that dont have access. Hook up with Pipestone model is a possibility. Need credit eligible courses to be university accepted. Not many animal science departments have small ruminant course anymore. ASI has discussed education and should be considered when funding is available again for grants. Difficult to get students interested in sheep research when career opportunities are scarce. The Committee will continue to function with Jeff Held as Chair and Dan Morrical, Henry Zerby and Richard Ehrhardt to serve. Discussion on future research directions. ASI survey (3000 respondents) indicated a high percentage thought increased revenue is what is needed. We as a group of national researchers need to make research transferable. Need to integrate programs for regional application. Buy in concept important. How can operations expand? Convince producers to pursue successful business models (hard to do). How can producers be provided with a good plan/recipe for business success? Can something be learned from the successful parasite control concept acceptance? Maybe need to fall back to experience/expertise of ASGC and ASI. We need to concentrate on how to integrate objectives 1-4 into objective 5. Should plan be geared for new producers or established producers who want to make changes? ATTRA (ATTRA.org) has a planning manual for sheep/goats and may be a good resource as a starting point. Important to have intensive short duration programs with hands-on followed by mentoring. We need more than just a list of research priorities. We need to know what can be done. Three areas were mentioned as researchable now: terminal sires, parasite control and easy care production. Healthfulness (wholesomeness) of our products will become more visible and product development is important. This is different than food safety which is being addressed adequately. One strategy is to identify good producers in regions and ask them about what has made them successful and what they need to get better. Discussion ended with establishing, what are producer problems and what are researchable producer problems. On behalf of the resolutions committee Mike Thonney presented the following resolutions: 1) Be it resolved, the members of the NCERA-214 committee on Increased Efficiency of Sheep Production express thanks to Debra Aaron, Don Ely, members of the Block & Bridle Club, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky for their hospitality in organizing a successful annual meeting of the NCERA-214 sheep research and extension committee. (To be sent to Robert Harmon, Chair of Animal and Food Sciences, and Dean M. Scott Smith, University of Kentucky). 2) Be it resolved, the members of the NCERA-214 committee on Increased Efficiency of Sheep Production wish to express appreciation to the following: a) the American Sheep Industry Association for the presence of Paul Rodgers and Will Getz at the NCERA-214 meetings. (To be sent to Peter Orwick, Executive Director of ASI and Glen Fisher, President of ASI.) b) the American Sheep and Goat Center for the presence of Guy Flora and their support for sheep and goat research in the U.S. (To be sent to Chase Hibbard, Chairman of the Board, American Sheep and Goat Center.) c) Jim Morgan, for his continued dedication to the National Sheep Improvement Program and the mission of NCERA-214. Dan Morrical motioned to approve the resolutions and Kreg Leymaster seconded the motion. Motion approved. Meeting was adjourned at 4:00 pm. Respectfully submitted, Jim Miller, Secretary June 21, 2010

Cornell University used a quadratic NDF equation that explained only 17% of the variation in DMI as a percentage of BW for growing lambs. Dividing NDF into that which is fermentable and indigestible accounted for 57% of the variation. This raises two important points: 1) NDF is a poor predictor of DMI compared to its fermentable and indigestible components and 2) the traditional approach of balancing diets by assuming a set amount of DMI is not consistent with the fact that dietary components influence DMI. Cornell University conducted experiments to document the effects of lambing cubicles on intensity of lambing management and on lamb survival are under way. Cubicle use at lambing appears to result in easier sheep movement and reduced shepherding, but does not appear to effect the development of maternal bonding and behavior in ewes. Cornell University continued to collect phenotypes on ability to breed and lamb out-of-season for a project designed to identify DNA markers. The Cornell STAR accelerated lambing system has been shown to be a feasible way of making better use of buildings and equipment and year-round labor. It also increases opportunities to take advantage of optimal times to market lambs. Methods continue to be tested to improve reproductive rates and lamb survival under the system. Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center (USDA  Arkansas) initiated several long term research projects to examine the long term effect of alternatives to chemical dewormers on GIN population, lamb production, and economics of using these technologies. Studies on the integration of FAMACHA, copper oxide wire particles and sericea lespedeza have been published. Louisiana State University continued to investigate and demonstrate viable alternative methods for sustainable parasitic nematode control which will benefit sheep production in low input systems. South Dakota State University worked with co-products, soyhulls and DDGS to demonstrate that these feed ingredients can lower unit cost of production and improve production efficiency in sheep operations. South Dakota State University conducted a study to evaluate the effect of glycerol supplementation in a lamb finishing diet on growth performance and carcass traits. No animal response or carcass merit differences were found among treatment animals offered diets with 0, 5 or 10 % glycerol substituted for corn. Glycerol is a co-product created from new-generation ethanol production facilities. South Dakota State University conducted a 64-d finishing trial that evaluated Southdown compared to Hampshire sired crossbred lambs which resulted in a significant growth performance advantage to the Hampshire yet similar gain efficiency. Although feed efficiency was equal the Hampshire sired lambs gained 3.3 more pounds during the trial. Texas Agrilife Research implemented a study to estimate performance differences between Dorper and Rambouillet ewes. Estimates of breed differences for fertility, number of lambs born, lamb birth weight, lamb weaning weight, and lamb carcass traits were documented from records on ewes from 2 to 7 years of age. The main objective of this study is to evaluate lifetime lamb production from Dorper and Rambouillet ewes. U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USDA  Nebraska) has implemented plans to increase the number of easy-care sheep for evaluation in a low-input, pasture-lambing production system to about 2,000 head. The breed composition of the easy-care maternal line of prolific hair sheep was changed based on analyses of data collected during 2009. U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USDA  Nebraska) has genetically managed flocks of Katahdin and Polypay sheep to represent contemporary industry germplasm and to serve as industry controls for future research on easy-care breeds at USMARC. U.S. Meat Animal Research Center (USDA  Nebraska) conducted an experiment to collect tissues for investigation of effects of myostatin and callipyge mutations on gene transcription profiles in skeletal muscle of lambs. University of Wisconsin-Madison conducted a 5-day intensive Dairy Sheep School which was held at the Spooner Agricultural Research Station of the University of Wisconsin-Madison in cooperation with the Dairy Business Innovation Center. Enrollment was limited to 13 students, but more than 50 applications from throughout the U.S. were received. Students received classroom instruction from scientists, regulatory personnel, and dairy sheep producers and participated in hands-on activities in care of ewes and lambs at lambing, rearing of lambs on milk replacer, and milking. University of the Virgin Islands Agricultural Experiment Station Animal Science Program gave tours of the Sheep Research Facility to over 500 students from the public schools. The Animal Science Program mentored one graduate and two undergraduate students supported by funds from the USDA-CSREES grant for resident instruction in agriculture in the insular areas (No. 2006-38416-17727). Utah State University continued to demonstrate the importance of molecular genetics to identify genetic regions of economic importance. This research group has shown the importance of SNPs in identifying economically important genetic profiles. Virginia State University continued progress in identifying factors that influence the efficacy of liquid semen AI system for use in hair sheep production systems.

Cornell University Staiger A., M. L. Thonney, and R. G. Mateescu. 2009. The effect of Rsa1 polymorphism in beta-lactoglobulin gene on milk production in East Friesian sheep. Plant and Animal Genome Meeting, San Diego, CA. Lunsford, A. K., M.L. Thonney, and R.G. Mateescu. 2009. The effect of Mnl1 restriction fragment length polymorphism in the melatonin receptor 1a gene on reproductive seasonality in ewes. Plant and Animal Genome Meeting, San Diego, CA. Gailor, M. E., J. Gavalchin, and M. L. Thonney. 2009. Effect of lamb age on response to immunization. J. Anim. Sci. 87, E-Suppl. 2, p. 381-382. Staiger, E. A., M. L. Thonney, B. W. Buchanan, and R. G. Mateescu. 2009. Association of beta-lactoglobulin and prolactin genes with milk production in East Friesian sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 87, E-Suppl. 2, p. 402. Hein, D. C., M. L. Thonney, D. A. Ross, and D. E. Hogue. 2009. Effect of level of intake on digestibility of NDF in soy hulls. Proc. Cornell Nutr. Conf. 71:61-68. Mateescu, R. and M. L. Thonney. 2009. Genetic markers for milk production. Proc. 15th Great Lakes Dairy Sheep Symp. 12 -14 November, Albany, NY. pp. 86-93. Thonney, M. L. and D. E. Hogue. 2009. Fermentable fiber for feeding dairy sheep. Proc. 15th Great Lakes Dairy Sheep Symp. 12 -14 November, Albany, NY. pp. 111-118. Mateescu, R. G. and M.L. Thonney. 2010. Mapping QTL For Aseasonal Reproduction And Milk Production In Sheep. Plant and Animal Genome Meeting, San Diego, CA. Magee, B.H. and M.L. Thonney. 2009. Observations on the effect of adding water to feed to prevent lamb pneumonia. The Shepherd 54:10. E. A. Staiger, M. L. Thonney, J. W. Buchanan, E. R. Rogers, P. A. Oltenacu, and R. G. Mateescu. 2010. Candidate genes for milk production in sheep. J. Dairy Sci. 93:1736-1742. Mateescu, R. G. and M. L. Thonney. 2010. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for aseasonal reproduction in sheep. Animal Genetics doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02023.x. Mateescu, R. G. and M. L. Thonney. 2010. Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci for milk production in sheep. Animal Genetics doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2010.02045.x. Dale Bumpers Small Farms Research Center, USDA  Arkansas Burke, J.M., Soli, F., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., Wildeus, S., Shaik, S.A., Getz, W.R., Vanguru, M., 2010. Administration of copper oxide wire particles in a capsule or feed for gastrointestinal nematode control in goats. Vet. Parasitol. 168:346-350. Whitley, N.C., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Cazac, D., Jackson-OBrien, D., Dykes, L., Muir, J.P., 2009. Effect of high tannin grain sorghum on gastrointestinal parasite fecal egg counts in goats. Small Ruminant Res. 87, 105-107. Soli, F., Terrill, T.H., Shaik, S.A., Getz, W.R., Miller, J.E., Vanguru, M., Burke, J.M., 2010. Efficacy of copper oxide wire particles against gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep and goats. Vet. Parasitol. 168, 93-96. Terrill, T.H., Dykes, G.S., Shaik, S.A., Miller, J.E., Kouakou, B., Kannan, G., Burke, J.M., Mosjidis, J.A., 2009. Efficacy of sericea lespedeza hay as a natural dewormer in goats: Dose titration study. Vet. Parasitol. 163, 52-56. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., 2009. Impact of rotational grazing on management of gastrointestinal nematodes in weaned lambs. Vet. Parasitol. 163, 67-72. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., 2010. Integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) using sericea lespedeza (SL), FAMACHA, and copper oxide wire particles (COWP) in weaned lambs in Arkansas. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (E-Suppl. 3), 31 (Abstr). Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Terrill, T.H., 2010. Integrated control of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) using sericea lespedeza (SL), FAMACHA, and copper oxide wire particles (COWP) in weaned goats in Arkansas. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (E-Suppl. 3), 31 (Abstr). Crook, E.K., OBrien, D.J., Howell, S.B., Storey, B., Whitley, N.C., Schoenian, S., Burke, J.M., Kaplan, R.M., 2010. Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats in the Mid-Atlantic U.S. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (E-Suppl. 3), 12 (Abstr). Whitley, N.C., Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., 2010. Influence of diets containing sericea lespedeza leaf meal on gastrointestinal parasite fecal egg counts in goats. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (E-Suppl. 3), 33 (Abstr). Terrill, T.H., Joshi, B.R., Kommuru, D.S., Mechineni, A., Gujja, S., Kamisetti, N.R., Dzimianski, S., Miller, J.E., Mosjidis, J.A., Burke, J.M., 2010 Feeding sericea lespedeza (SL) leaf meal to goats: effect on gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (E-Suppl. 3), 32 (Abstr). Burke, J.M., 2009. Obstacles to organic and grass fed small ruminant production. J. Anim. Sci. 87 (E-Suppl. 2), 344 (Abstr.). Whitley, N.C., Kaplan, R.M., Burke, J.M., Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Getz, W.R., Mobini, S., Valencia, E., William, M.J., 2009. Small ruminant producer gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) management survey. J. Anim. Sci. 87 (E-Suppl. 2), 310 (Abstr.). Fort Valley State University Brown, P., D. Chessman, A. Hubbard and W. R. Getz. 2009. Targeted grazing of Chinese Privet and Japanese Honeysuckle in the Georgia Piedmont. 4th National Grazing Lands Conference. December 13-15. Sparks, NV. Getz, W. R., W. Kimble II, J. Mack and T. Harris. 2009. Comparative postweaning growth among four groups of percentage Dorper and Katahdin wethers. J. Anim. Sci. 87 (E-supplement 2): 480. Gutta, V. R. , G. Kannan, J. H. Lee, B. Kouakou and W. R. Getz. 2009. Influences of short-term pre-slaughter dietary manipulation in sheep and goats in pH and microbial loads of gastrointestinal tract. Small Rumin. Res. 81:21. Louisiana State University Burke, J.M., Wells, A., Casey, P., Miller, J.E., 2009. Garlic and papaya lack control over gastrointestinal nematodes in goats. Vet Parasitol 159, 171-174. Shakya, K.P., Miller, J.E., Horohov, D.W., 2009. A Th2 type of immune response is associated with increased resistance to Haemonchus contortus in naturally infected Gulf Coast Native lambs. Vet Parasitol 163, 57-66. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., 2009. Impact of rotational grazing on gastrointestinal nematodes in weaned lambs. Vet Parasitol 163, 67-72. Terrill, T.H., Dykes, G.S., Shail, S.A., Miller, J.E., Kouakou, B., Kannan, G., Burke, J.M., Mosjidis, J.A., 2009. Efficacy of sericea lespedeza hay as a natural dewormer in goats: Dose titration study. Vet Parasitol 163, 52-56. Whitley, N.C., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Cazac, D., Jackson-OBrien, D., Dykes, L., Muir, J.P., 2009. Effect of high tannin grain sorghum on gastrointestinal parasite fecal egg counts in goats. Small Rumin Res 87, 105-107. Worku, M., Franco, R.A., Miller, J.E., 2009. Evaluation of the activity of plant extracts in Boer goats. Amer J Anim Vet Sci 4, 72-79. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Wildeus, S., Terrill, T.H., 2009. Administration of copper oxide wire particles as a bolus or in feed for gastrointestinal nematode control in yearling or peri-parturient does. J Anim Sci 87 (E-Supple. 3), 35. Burke, J.M., Miller, J.E., Terrill, T.H., 2009. Use of copper oxide wire particles (COWP) to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in stressed lambs or kids. J Anim Sci 87 (E-Supple. 3), 34. Wildeus, S., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., 2009. Effect of copper oxide wire particles as a bolus or in feed on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism in goat kids of two breeds. J Anim Sci 87 (E-Supple. 3), 35. Luginbuhl, J-M., Miller. J.E, Terrill, T.H., Glennon, H.M., 2009. Evaluation of sericea lespedeza as a summer forage and for helminth control of grazing goats. J Anim Sci 87 (E-Supple. 3), 37. Orlik, S.T., Miller, J.E., Burke, J.M., Terrill, T.H., 2009. Effect of copper oxide wire particles incorporated into feed pellets on the peri-parturient rise in ewe fecal egg count. J Anim Sci 87 (E-Supple. 3), 35. Whitley, N.C., Kaplan, R.M., Burke, J.M., Terrill, T.H., Miller, J.E., Getz, W.R., Mobini, S., Valencia, E. Williams, M.J., 2009. Small ruminant producer gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) management survey. J Anim Sci 87 (E-Supple. 2), 310. OBrien, D.J., Matthews, K.K., Miller, J.E., Whitley, N.C., Crook, E.K., Eierman, J.L., 2009. Natural plant anthelmintic fails to reduce internal parasites in meat goat kids. J Anim Sci 87 (E-Supple. 2), 311. South Dakota State University Beck, R. M., A.E. Wertz-Lutz, C.L. Wright, J.E. Held, R.D. Zelinsky, and C.L. Delvauz. 2009. Effects of glycerol and sire breed on growth and carcass traits of finishing wether lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (e-suppl 3) Abstr. 81. Held, J.E. 2009 Lowering Unit Cost of Production. Emerging Issues Task Force: Managing Change in Livestock Production. SD Extension Bulletins ABC2071602 Held, J.E. 2009. Cost of Gain in Feedlot Lambs. Emerging Issues Task Force: Managing Change in Livestock Production. SD Extension Bulletins ABC 2071603 Held, J.E. 2009. Keys in Lamb Crop Management. SE Sheep Producers Forum  Viborg, SD April 2, 2009 Held, J.E. 2009. Lamb Growth Efficiency and Optimum Finished Weight. SE Sheep Producers Forum  Viborg, SD April 2, 2009. Held, J.E. 2009. South Dakota Lamb Gate to Rail Program. July 6-8, 2009. Held, J.E. 2009. 2009 South Dakota Master Lamb Producer Recognition Program. September 24, 2009. Held, J.E. 2009. Lamb Growth Efficiency and Cost of Gain for Finishing Lambs fed Diets with DDGS. NW Iowa Lamb Feedlot Forum. December 2009 Held, J.E. 2009. Feeding Co-product Feeds to Sheep. NW Iowa Lamb Feedlot Forum. December 2009. Using DDGS in Sheep Diets The Shepherd Magazine - April 2009. SD Master Lamb Producers Honored Tri-State Neighbor -Sioux Falls- October 2009. South Dakota Shearing School Enables Slutten Brothers to Master Shearing Skills Tri-State Neighbor -Sioux Falls SD - December 2009. Selenium in SD History: A Curse or Cure?South Dakota Magazine - January 2010. Perspectives on the South Dakota Shearing School ASI Sheep Industry News- February 2010. Texas A&M University System Agricultural Experiment Station Lupton, C. J., E. S. Campbell, B. S. Engdahl, T. D. Lovett, F. A. Pfeiffer, C. A. Taylor, Jr., D. F. Waldron, and J. W. Walker. 2009. Selecting Angora goats to consume more juniper. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems J. 11:59-64. Waldron, D.F. and C.J. Lupton. 2010. Improvement of sheep through selection of performance-tested and progeny-tested breeding animals. Texas AgriLife Res. San Angelo. Rep. 2010-1. Waldron, D.F. 2010. Sire summary of ram test performance (1995  2010). Texas AgriLife Res. San Angelo. Rep. 2010-2. U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, USDA  Nebraska Heaton, M. P., Leymaster, K. A., Kalbfleisch, T. S., Freking, B. A., Smith, T. P. L., Clawson, M. L., and Laegreid, W. W. Ovine reference materials and assays for prion genetic testing. BioMed Central (BMC) Veterinary Res. 6:23 (Provisional PDF 04/30/10). Heaton, M. P., K. A. Leymaster, R. S. Kalbfleisch, B. A. Freking, T. P. Smith, M. L. Clawson, and W. W. Laegreid. 2010. Ovine reference materials and assays for prion genetic testing. Proc. Plant and Animal Genome XVIII. San Diego, CA. Available: http://www.intl-pag.org/18/abstracts (Poster No. P577). U.S. Sheep Experiment Station, USDA  Idaho Carlson, D. B., J. J. Reed, P. P. Borowicz, J. B. Taylor, L. P. Reynolds, T. L. Neville, D. A. Redmer, K. A. Vonnahme, and J. S. Caton. 2009. Effects of dietary selenium supply and timing of nutrient restriction during gestation on maternal growth and body composition of pregnant adolescent ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 87:669-680. Herrmann-Hoesing, L. M., L. E. Broughton-Neiswanger, K. C. Gouine, S. N. White, M. R. Mousel, G. S. Lewis, K. L. Marshall, and D. P. Knowles. 2010. Evaluation of a CAEV/MVV indirect ELISA in the serological diagnosis of ovine progressive pneumonia virus in U.S. sheep: gag dissimilarity indicates low sensitivity among U.S. sheep. Clin. Vaccine Immunol. Accepted for Publication on December 5, 2009. Lewis, G. S., W. G. Gavin, A. L. Goetsch, J. B. Taylor, and M. L. Thonney. 2010. Chapter 10: Sheep and Goats, in Guide for the Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching. 3rd ed. Fed. Anim. Sci. Soc., Savoy, IL. http://www.fass.org/page.asp?pageID=216 Taylor, J. B., C. A. Moffet, and T. D. Leeds. 2009. Body weight changes and subsequent lambing rates of western whiteface ewes grazing winter range. Livest. Sci. 121:339-342. Taylor, J. B., L. P. Reynolds, D. A. Redmer, and J. S. Caton. 2009. Maternal and fetal tissue selenium loads in nulliparous ewes fed supranutritional and excessive selenium during mid- to late pregnancy. J. Anim. Sci. 87:1828-34. White, S. N., M. R. Mousel, J. O. Reynolds, G. S. Lewis, and L. M. 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