Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

An agenda was prepared and circulated before the meeting and arrangements were made to transport attendees from the Amarillo airport to Canyon as needed. The meeting was called to order by secretary Mike Brown at 3 pm on May 25, 2010. A conference line was established for the meeting for John Lawrence and Steve Smith to join via telephone. Steve provided an update on the NIFA program and encouraged all to supply stakeholder input by the June 7 deadline to help shape the future direction of the program. Steve Loerch described challenges he has encountered in the time that elapsed between notice of 2 awards last October and receipt of capital the following April to begin the work. Steve Smith indicated that he would welcome helping to address issues like this for the committee. John Lawrence posed several questions to Steve Smith on the NIFA program. The first question was when to expect the next round of requests for proposals. Steve indicated that they are trying to return to the normal timeline with adequate notice, but indicated that political struggles in Washington could cause a delay in achieving this objective soon. John then asked about the impact of stakeholder input on future requests for proposals. Steve indicated that stakeholder is taken very seriously and there is some potential that such input could redefine all components of NIFA. The impact of the stakeholder input received is likely to have a time delay beyond 1 to 2 years before it is incorporated. Lastly, John asked on the status of review panels. Steve indicated that there is a constant need and it is helpful if interested parties identify their interest areas. Steve indicated that he would be happy to facilitate forwarding the information of interested parties to the appropriate destination. Johns update included sharing that our committee is current on reporting. We do have a mid-term report due December 15. This report will need to capture impacts from the past 3 years, including collaborations. Alfredo DiCostanzo was identified as a key individual to assist with report preparation due to his previous experience. In future reporting, John encouraged us to focus on complimentarity/synergy/collaboration and to tie our outputs with NIFA initiatives. John further encouraged attendees to supply stakeholder input and young and mid-career scientists to volunteer for review panels. Following these updates, potential locations for the meeting next year were discussed. Our committee historian, Steve Loerch, had previously provided a thorough listing of previous locations hosting the annual meeting (see below). After thorough discussion, it was decided that South Dakota State would be the most suitable location for the meeting on May 24 to 26, 2011. Ben Holland was elected secretary for the upcoming year by unanimous vote. Purdue University was identified as a potential location for the 2012 meeting. 1982 Illinois 1983 Missouri 1984 Michigan St 1985 Ohio State 1986 Purdue 1987 South Dakota State 1988 Iowa State 1989 Nebraska 1990 Wisconsin 1991 Garden City, KS 1992 Purdue 1993 Illinois 1994 MARC, Clay Center, NE 1995 Minnesota 1996 South Dakota State 1997 Colorado State 1998 Michigan State 1999 St. Louis 2000 Iowa State 2001 Kansas City 2002 Concord, NE 2003 North Dakota State 2004 Colorado State 2005 Illinois 2006 Wisconsin 2007 Kansas State 2008 Oklahoma State 2009 Michigan State The business meeting concluded at 4:15 PM. The committee began the first station reports at that time and concluded the presentation of reports for the evening at 7:30 pm. The group then adjourned for dinner and discussion at the Lone Star Grill. On the morning of 5/26, the group traveled to Lubbock to tour the Texas Tech Burnett Center and talk with Mike Galyean about research capabilities. We returned to Canyon at approximately 12:30 pm for lunch at the El Patio restaurant. From there, the group traveled to Bushland to tour the shared facilities of the USDA ARS Conservation and Production Laboratory and the Texas AgriLife Research station with Andy Cole and Jim MacDonald. The group then traveled to rural Canyon to tour the WTAMU Research Feedlot until approximately 6:00 pm. Station reports were continued until 8:30 pm. Attendees were then transported to the hotel and joined for dinner at the Buffalo Grill one block from the hotel at 9 pm. The group reconvened at 8 am for an update on dust and odor research by Andy Cole and Gary Marek (a PhD student working with Brent Auvermann at Texas AgriLife Research in Amarillo). Station reports resumed at approximately 9 am and were concluded by noon at which time the meeting was adjourned.

IOWA STATE " Short-term Outcomes: There may be a trend for slightly less average daily gain for the highest stocking densities (40 sq. ft./animal; 6% less in the hoop and 3% less in the open front). Implanting a second time resulted in an increase in carcass weights, an almost significant reduction in % Choice but still resulted in a numerical, non-significant increase in carcass value. The relative importance ranking of carcass and management variables confirmed previous work; hot carcass weight and feed to gain were next behind marbling followed by ribeye area. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: New Strategies in Feeding Cattle, Tri State Beef Days, Prairie du Chen, WI and Waukon, IA Feeding Corn Processing and Ethanol, Washington State University, Beef Co-products on the Ranch Information Series (distance presentation) How to Control Costs and Maximize Profit in Feedlot and Cow-Calf Operations, Iowa Veterinary Medical Association Winter Conference, Ames IA Farm Visit Biosecurity Issues, National Comprehensive Nutrient Management Plan Development Course, Des Moines, IA Ruminant Animal Feed Management, National Comprehensive Issues Nutrient Management Plan Development Course, Des Moines, IA Extension/Outreach Activities Lawrence, John, Dan Loy, Darrell Busby and Joe Sellers. 2009. Alternative cattle finishing systems to reduce feed cost. Iowa Beef Center Loy, Dan and Darrell Strohbehn. 2009. How to control costs and maximize profit in feedlot and cow-calf operations. Proceedings Iowa Veterinary Medical Association Winter Conference. Loy, Dan. 2009. Improving cattle comfort in the winter. Growing Beef, Vol. 1, Issue 6. Iowa Beef Center. January, 2009. Loy, Dan. 2009. New solutions for wet distillers grains storage challenges. Growing Beef, Vol. 1, Issue 9, May 2009. Loy, Dan. 2009. Fall prep for tackling winter cattle comfort. Growing Beef, Vol. 2, Issue 3, October 2009. Loy, Dan, Joe Sellers, Byron Leu and Daryl Strohbehn. 2009. Supplementing distillers grains to beef cattle grazing on pasture. Iowa Beef Center Bull. IBC 09-02. Aug 2009. Leu, Byron, Joe Sellers and Dan Loy. 2009. Grazing corn residueusing resources and reducing costs. Iowa Beef Center Bull. IBC-09-02. Aug 2009. Loy, Dan. 2009. Understanding hormone use in beef. Iowa Beef Center Factsheet. Courses or Conferences Organized: Cattle Feeders ConferenceA New Era in Management. June 10-11, 2009 " Activities: Effects of Stocking Density on Steer Performance and Carcass Characteristics in Bedded Hoop and Open Front Confinement Facilities: Progress Report Effects of Second Implant on Feedlot Gain and Carcass Traits Assessing the Cost of Beef Quality Revisited KANSAS STATE " Short-term Outcomes: Increasing dose and duration of implant increases performance in both steers and heifers, but implants have a more pronounced effect on marbling score in steers than in heifers. Zilmax increased shear force in steaks by 1.19 lb (P < 0.001), but shear force declined linearly with additional aging (P < 0.01), yielding loin steaks with acceptable shear-force after 14 or 21 d of aging. These data suggest that nutrient restriction does not alter IGF-1 response or subsequent cellular nutrient uptake response due to implants. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: None. Extension/Outreach Activities 02/03/2010 Ottawa Cty Cattlemens Efficiencies of Cow Size 03/16/2010 Pfizer Tech Team Report Implants, Performance, and Quality Grade 11/20/2009 Nemaha Cty Cattlemen's Assn Pharmaceutical use in the fdyd 11/10/2009 Eastern KS Agents Update Efficiencies of Cow Size 11/5/2009 Western KS Agents Update Efficiencies of Cow Size 10/22/2009 Eastern IA VMA Disposition on Quality Grade 10/16/2009 Novartis Vet Consortium Disposition on Quality Grade 10/12/2009 Kansas Vet Consortium Effects of Morbidity on performance 5/20/2009 Gray County Cattle Feeders Feeding Distillers Grains on Quality Grade 5/20/2009 Clark County Cattle Feeders Feeding Distillers Grains on Quality Grade Courses or Conferences Organized: 5/20/2010 Int. Symp. On Beef Cattle Welfare Animal Welfare (and Health) of the Cow/Calf Pair 10/19/2009 Vinitsia State Agr Univ - Ukraine Use of DG in beef cattle 7/28/2009 KSU/Alpharma Research Team Effects of Disposition on Quality Grade 3/3-5/2009 LandOLakes Feedlot Series Grain Processing and Performance 1/14/2009 KS Hay and Grazing Conference By-product Supplementation on Grass " Activities: Implant Programs Affect Performance and Quality Grade. Effects of Extended Withdrawal of Zilpaterol hydrochloride on Performance and Carcass Traits in Finishing Beef Heifers. Effects of nutrient balance and implant status on IGF-1 and PUN concentrations of feedlot calves. MICHIGAN STATE " Short-term Outcomes: The average H2S emissions actually showed a reduction from 40% DGS (123.24 mg/d) to 60% DGS (104.81 mg/d). The use of 6 ppm Mo and 60 ppm Cu did not reduce hydrogen sulfide emissions when 40% DGS diets were fed. Most hydrogen sulfide (~100 %) and ammonia (88.2 %) emissions were from the manure and not eructated by the animal. Most methane emissions were due to eructation (~100 %). Feeding MDGS tended to improve G:F and increased SF with minimal effects on IMF, and no effect on color and tenderness. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: Rust, S. R. 2009. Direct-fed microbials for beef cattle. Seminar to Delegation from Burkina Faso.. Texas A&M Univ. College Station, TX. Rust, S. R. 2009. Direct-fed microbials for beef cattle. Institute Nutrition. Texas A&M Univ. College Station, TX. Rust, S. R. 2009. Mechanism of direct-fed microbials for ruminants. 16th Discover Conf. Food Anim. Agric. Nashville, IN. Rust, S. R. 2009. The changing landscape of co-products from the bio-fuels industry (distillers grain and glycerol). Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. East Lansing, MI. Rust, S. R. 2009. The changing landscape of co-products from the bio-fuels industry (distillers grain and glycerol). Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Bowling Green, OH. Rust, S. R. 2009. The changing landscape of co-products from the bio-fuels industry (distillers grain and glycerol). Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Wyoming, ON. Rust, S. R. 2009. Is it always profitable to feed to USDA Choice quality grade? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. East Lansing, MI. Rust, S. R. 2009. Is it always profitable to feed to USDA Choice quality grade? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Bowling Green, OH. Rust, S. R. 2009. Is it always profitable to feed to USDA Choice quality grade? Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse. Wyoming, ON. Extension/Outreach Activities Rust, S. R. 2009. Feeding corn screenings to cattle. Anim. Sci. Staff Paper # 554. October. Rust, S. R. 2009. What can I afford to pay for feeder cattle this year? Anim. Sci. Staff Paper #553. Rust, S. R. 2009. Summary of three research trials for 2009 Beef day. Anim. Sci. Staff Paper #552. Casey, B.A., S.R. Rust, and D.B. Buskirk. 2009. Incorporating distillers grain into beef cattle diets. Anim. Sci. Staff Paper # 551. Rust, S. R. 2009. What can I afford to pay for feeder cattle this year?. Cattle Call Newsletter 14(3), 4th Quarter/Autumn, 3-5. Ritchie, H. D., D. B. Buskirk, and S.R.Rust. 2009. Research Updates. American Red Angus Magazine, March, 60,62. Ritchie, H. D., D.B.Buskirk, S.R. Rust. 2009. Beef Research Update. American Red Angus Magazine, January, 76,78. Courses or Conferences Organized: Great Lakes Professional Cattle Feeding and Marketing Shortcourse " Activities: Effect of Feeding Distillers Grain with a soluble on Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions. Effects of feeding distillers grains on fat deposition in feedlot cattle. Update UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA " Short-term Outcomes: No ECO157 was found either prior to or during the experiment. The pathogen prevalence of cattle fed DGS was similar to previous surveys monitoring of animals not fed DGS. Steers implanted with a Synovex Choice-Synovex Plus combination tended to have greater ADG, and also produced a greater percentage of USDA YG 1 and 2 carcasses and a lower percentage of carcasses grading USDA Choice and higher than steers receiving a single Revalor XS implant. Intact heifers receiving melengestrol acetate had greater performance than spayed heifers during backgrounding. Yeast culture addition in high-sulfur diets increased total H2S compared to HS + without yeast culture, low sulfur without yeast culture, and low sulfur with yeast culture. Concentrations between 1000 and 2000 ppm Mn supplied as MnO demonstrated potential to decrease 24-h H2S production from high-sulfur substrate without reducing microbial fermentation in vitro. Supplementing 1000 ppm Mn in high-S finishing diets may initially maintain higher ruminal pH to reduce cumulative ruminal H2S gas concentration without affecting DMI in feedlot cattle. The two higher starch levels (35 and 60 % DM) resulted in greater (P < 0.05) H2S release. Conversely, no effect (P > 0.05) of dietary sulfur on total H2S release was detected. Ration batches prepared with LIQ supplement appeared to be more consistent across bunks and within bunks, albeit off target for CP and ADF, and less variable for ADF than dry supplement. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: DiCostanzo, A. 2009. Variables affecting beef profits: Whats changed and whats not. Interstate Land OLakesQLF Feedlot Symposium. Cedar Rapids and Council Bluffs, IA, and Sioux Falls, SD. March, 2009. DiCostanzo, A. 2009. Formulation of diets and receiving nutrition challenges. Land O Lakes Alpharma Symposium. July, 2009. DiCostanzo, A. 2009. Managing diets in receiving cattle. Alpharma Feedlot Symposium. Des Moines, IA. September, 2009. DiCostanzo, A. 2009. Stepping cattle up on feed and effects of diet (intake) changes on performance. 95th Annual Meeting. Lewis and Clark Conference. Interstate Veterinary Medical Association, Inc. Sioux City, NE. October, 2009. Extension/Outreach Activities 1/7/09 Measuring profitability in feedlot Alfredo DiCostanzo 1/21/09 Measuring profitability in cow/calf Alfredo DiCostanzo 6/24/09 Cost of creep feeding Alfredo DiCostanzo Courses or Conferences Organized: MN Cattle Feeder Days, December 2009 " Activities: Impact of distillers grains and glycerin on cattle fecal shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157 in Minnesota fed cattle. Comparison of a single Revalor XS implant with a Synovex Choice-Synovex Plus implant combination on feedlot steer performance and carcass characteristics. Value of spayed heifers during backgrounding, and evaluation of implant strategies for spayed and intact heifers during the finishing phase Effects of dietary S level (high, HS, or low, LS) and yeast culture (YC or NoYC) inclusion on H2S release in in vitro cultures using adapted (fed YC for 21 d; ADAPT, or not; NoADAPT). Effects of supplemental manganese on ruminal pH and hydrogen sulfide concentration in beef steers fed high-sulfur diets containing distillers grains plus solubles. Effect of starch (5, 35 and 60% of DM) and sulfur (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 % of DM) on In vitro H2S release. Effects of including 1000 ppm manganese (Mn; supplied as manganese oxide) in high dietary sulfur (S) feedlot diets containing distillers grains plus solubles on ruminal parameters and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration. Nutrient concentration as affected by supplement form (liquid vs dry) in a high moisture finishing ration. UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA " Short-term Outcomes: Ethanol produced in Nebraska has a superior environmental impact compared to ethanol produced in Iowa or Texas. Although the combined producer savings from all three wet co-products totaled nearly $39 million, this value was not net of all cost differences between co-products and corn, including transportation, storage, and handling costs. Feeding WDGS at increased levels in HMC-based diets provided performance superior to DRC with or without WDGS. Percentage N loss was not different between dietary treatments; however, amount of N lost increased with MDGS + fiber due to the greater N intake and excretion. The omasal fatty acid profile of steers fed WDGS is less saturated than cattle fed corn diets with or without corn oil, CCDS, or beef tallow. In addi¬tion, the efficiency of fat and fatty acid absorption was not decreased with high fat feedlot diets. Prices of feed¬stuffs (i.e., corn prices, wet corn gluten feed prices, and pasture and cornstalk rental rates) were the next most impor¬tant factors explaining profit risk after cattle prices. Cattle performance variables and interest rates had the smallest impact on profit varia¬tion. Results indicated standard devia¬tions of calf-fed profits could be reduced by $35-$47/head through routine hedg¬ing. Routine hedges of yearling cattle, however, resulted in profit declining nearly $50/head, but profit variability also decreased. Calf-fed and yearling corn hedging scenarios gener¬ally generated positive average returns to hedging by lowering net corn prices. The yearling corn hedging scenarios initiated closer to feedlot placement were associated with greater average profits as compared to those hedges initiated when yearlings were initially purchased. Steers fed WDGS were 2.1 times more likely (P < 0.01) to shed E. coli O157:H7 than cattle fed CONTROL. Vaccination resulted in cattle that were 43% less likely (P < 0.01) to test positive for E. coli O157:H7 than the unvaccinated cattle. Steers on the TE-IS/ S treatment had a lower (P < 0.01) feed:gain ratio (F:G) compared to those on the Rev-XS and TE-200 treatments. Cattle receiving the TE-IS/S implants and the Rev-XS implant had greater (P < 0.05) final BW and lower F:G (P < 0.05) than the cattle that received the TE-200 treatment. Daily gain was improved (P = 0.04) when comparing TE-IS/S to TE-200, but intermediate for steers that received the Rev-XS treatment. Cattle receiving Revalor XS performed similar to cattle implanted with RevIS-S using a tradi¬tional reimplant program. Diets containing 40% WCGF with high moisture corn fed with Proternative CF or SF did not alter feedlot performance or carcass characteristics. Feeding WDG diets supple¬mented with vitamin E mitigates the surface discoloration of aged beef strip loin steaks during retail display. Values of polyunsaturated, Omega 6 and trans fatty acids linearly increased as levels of modified wet distillers grains increased. Feeding this byproduct increases polyunsaturated, trans and Omega 6 fatty acids in beef. Feeding WDGS increased polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased18:1 (n-7), which may lead to oxidation and off flavors, respectively. High O2 packaging led to lower tenderness when compared to other packaging methods (P < 0.05), and vitamin E supplementation provided color stability to steaks from animals fed WDGS. Feeding WDGS increased livery and off-flavor intensities and vitamin E supplementation helped to reduce livery flavor when steaks were aged for 28 days. Results demonstrate that increases in the energy level of the diet result in increases in TT. However, the response appears to be dependent on season of year. During cooler and moderately hot periods, cattle change TT in a stair-step or incremental pattern, while under hot conditions, average TT of group-fed cattle moves in conjunction with ambient conditions, indicating that thermoregulatory mechanisms are at or near maximum physiological capacity. Ruminal pH was higher for traditionally adapted steers compared to steers adapted to distillers grains in adaptation diets two and three. Ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentration did not appear to be a problem. These data would indicate that forage inclu¬sion can reduce the risk of polio and that polio is related to ruminal H2S concen¬trations. Steers fed WDGS had lower DMI (P < 0.01) and F:G (P = 0.02) compared to steers fed WCGF. It appears that optimal inclusion of E-corn is 20% of diet DM. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: Beef Producer Roundup sponsored by the Nebraska Beef Council. Presentation on Use of ethanol byproducts by beef cattle. Date: 12/03/2009 Presentation Type: Extension Scope: Statewide Invitation Type: Invited Form-A-Feed customer meeting in Tracy, MN. Presentation on Use of ethanol byproducts. Date: 02/17/2009 Presentation Type: Extension Scope: Regional (Multi-state) Invitation Type: Invited Livestock and Poultry Environmental Learning Center webcast on Methods to increase manure N in open lots. Date: 02/20/2009 Presentation Type: Extension Scope: National Invitation Type: Invited Elanco Animal Health Feedlot Technical Meeting in Argentina. Presentation via polycom on Designing feedlot programs to solve environmental challenges related to nitrogen and phosphorus. Date: 04/20/2009 Presentation Type: Extension Scope: International Invitation Type: Invited American Association of Bovine Practitioners annual meeting in Omaha. Presentation on Use of wet byproducts versus dry byproducts and implications on mineral nutrition. Date: 09/11/2009 Presentation Type: Extension Scope: National Invitation Type: Invited Extension/Outreach Activities 2009 Husker Nutrition Conference Scope: National Sessions: Program Date: 11/06/2009 Hours Taught: 6.50 Number of Learners: 105 2009 Beef Feedlot Roundtable Scope: Statewide Sessions: Program Date: 02/10/2009 Hours Taught: 7.00 Number of Learners: 110 Program Date: 02/11/2009 Hours Taught: 7.00 Number of Learners: 84 Program Date: 02/12/2009 Hours Taught: 7.00 Number of Learners: 78 Ethanol Co-Product Storage Conference Scope: Regional (Multi-state) Additional States: Iowa, Missouri, Kansas, South Dakota, North Dakota Sessions: Program Date: 06/02/2009 Hours Taught: 2.00 Number of Learners: 110 " Activities: Distillers Grains and Livestock are Important to Ethanol Energy and Greenhouse Gas Balance The Economic Impact of Feeding Wet Corn Co-Products in Nebraska Update: Meta-Analysis of UNL Feedlot Trials Replacing Corn with WDGS Feeding Fiber from Wet Corn Gluten Feed and Corn Silage in Feedlot Diets Containing Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Metabolism Characteristics of Feedlot Diets Containing Different Fat Sources Determinants of Profit Variability in Calf-Fed and Yearling Production Systems Routine Hedging of Fed Cattle Sales Price for Calf-Fed and Yearling Production Systems Routine Hedging of Corn Price for Calf-Fed and Yearling Production Systems Vaccination to Reduce the Prevalence of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 in Feedlot Cattle Fed Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles Evaluation of a New Single Implant Strategy vs. Two Common Implant Strategies in Beef Finishing Steers Comparison of Revalor-XS vs. Two Common Implant Strategies in Finishing Steers Comparison of Revalor XS to a Revalor IS / Revalor S Implant Strategy in Finishing Steers Evaluation of ProTernative Stress Formula and ProTernative Continuous Fed Formula in a High Energy Feedlot Diet Effect of Wet Distillers Grain Feeding Supplemented with Vitamin E on Case Life of Beef Modified Wet Distillers Grains Finishing Diets May Increase the Levels of Polyunsaturated and Trans Fatty Acids of Beef Fatty Acid Profile of Beef from Steers Fed Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles (WDGS) and Vitamin E Effects of Feeding Wet Distillers Grains Plus Solubles and Vitamin E on Beef Tenderness and Color Under Different Packaging Systems Wet Distillers Grains Diets Supplemented with Vitamin E Affect Sensory Attributes of Beef m. longissimus lumborum Tympanic Temperature of Steers Fed Different Levels of Metabolic Energy Intake During Summer and Winter Tympanic Temperature Profiles of Confined Beef Cattle Effects of Using Wet Distillers Grains with Solubles to Adapt Cattle to Finishing Diets on Feed Intake, Ruminal pH, and Ruminal Hydrogen Sulfide Concentration Relating Hydrogen Sulfide Levels to Polioencephalomalacia Evaluation of Feedlot and Carcass Performance of Steers Fed Different Levels of E-Corn, a Potential New Feed Product from Ethanol Plants THE OHIO STATE " Short-term Outcomes: Prepartum maternal dietary energy source may alter fetal adipose tissue development and insulin sensitivity resulting in long-term impacts on intramuscular fat deposition. Increasing intakes of DDGS during the growing phase increased marbling while increasing intakes of corn decreased marbling. While 65% DDGS can be successfully limit fed in a growing phase diet, it had 12% less energy for gain than corn. Cattle consuming diets with S above the maximum tolerable limit may be supplemented with Cu to improve Cu absorption and feed efficiency. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: Six extension presentations in Ohio; 2 in Argentina Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Prepartum dietary energy source fed to beef cows: II. Effects on progeny postnatal growth, glucose tolerance, and carcass composition. Effects of limit feeding corn or dried distillers grains (DDGS) at two intakes during the growing phase on feedlot cattle performance. Effects of copper supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of cattle fed diets containing 60% DDGS. OKLAHOMA STATE " Short-term Outcomes: Top functions of IPA network 1 for WP_FP included cellular movement and cellular growth while top functions for IPA network 1 of both SF_FP and PF_FP included lipid metabolism and molecular transport. Cattle challenged with BRD pathogens alter gene expression to promote cellular proliferation and differentiation with concomitant tissue regeneration. These results suggest that muscle wasting via the ubiquitin pathway, as well as increased expression of TNF± may decrease growth potential in heifers treated several times for BRD. These results indicate potential benefits of using rumen temperature boluses to assist in health management of receiving cattle. These data indicate that when fed for 20 d, zilmax improves performance and carcass traits, and has no impact on daily average and maximum core body temperature of finishing beef steers. Muscle and adipose tissue alter expression of cytokines in response to pathogens related to bovine respiratory disease. Supplementation strategies that differ in type and amount of supplement may not influence marbling development by stocker cattle wintered on dormant native range at relatively low energy intakes and rates of gain. The immunological results of the trial showed higher levels of serum IgA, granulocytes, and monocytes as a percentage of white blood cells in the treatment group at 36 hours, 48 hours, and day 7 post-challenge respectively. There were no significant differences between treatments for animals that were negative or positive for E. coli O157:H7 throughout the trial. Less than 20 additional days on feed were required for heifers treated 3 times to have similar weights and carcass characteristics to heifers never treated for BRD. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: 1/22/09. Presented seminar titled Nutrition and Health Needs in the Feedlot at the Novus Beef Retreat, St. Charles, MO. 2/20/09. Presented Use of wet and dry distillers grains in flaked corn feedlot diets at the High Plains Biofuels CoProduct Nutrition Conference. Garden City, KS. 2/20/09. Presented seminar titled Bovine Respiratory Disease, Immune Response, and Animal Growth to the Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames. 3/11/09. Presented Oklahoma beef systems from pasture to plate at the Oklahoma Beef Council Beef from Pasture to Plate Tour for Human Nutritionist. Oklahoma City, OK. 4/10/09. Presented seminar titled Interaction of Nutrition, Health, Management, and Technology to Improve the Efficiency of Cattle Feeding at the Plains Nutrition Council Spring Conference, San Antonio, TX. 4/22/09. Presented seminar titled Animal Species Applications  Direct Fed Microbials and Prebiotics  Beef Cattle at the Sixteenth ADSA DISCOVER Conference on Food Animal Agriculture: Direct Fed Microbials/Prebiotics for Animals: Science and Mechanisms of Action, Brown County Inn, Nashville, IN. 6/11/09. Presented Nutrient requirements and feed additives for growing calves Barn Talk. Stillwater, OK. 7/1/09. Presented seminar titled A Brief Biographical Sketch of My Research Career and My Vision for a Nutrition Research Unit at the Roman L. Hruska U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE. 7/9/09. Presented Recent receiving calf health findings at the Sparks Center at the Oklahoma Assoc. of Ext. Agric. Agents Conference. Stillwater, OK. 9/24/09. Presented seminar titled Methods to Improve Feed Efficiency in Feedlot Cattle at the 30th Western Nutrition Conference, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. 10/15/09. Presented Two Treatment Protocols Using Draxxin: Impact on Performance, Treatment Response, Body Temperature, and Pathogens from Bronchoalveolar Lavage Specimens at the Pfizer Food Animal Health and Performance Update. Stillwater, OK. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: 1. Oklahoma Cattlemens College. July, 2009 2. OSU Master Cattlemen Summit, August 2009 5-State Beef Conference, September 2009 " Activities: Use of microarray to determine genes differentially expressed in muscle and subcutaneous fat of heifers never treated or considered chronically morbid after a 63-d preconditioning program. Effects of different winter growing programs and subsequent finishing on gene expression in different adipose tissue depots in beef steers. Transcriptome analysis of muscle tissue from calves infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus and Mannheimia haemolytica. Effect of times treated for bovine respiratory disease during preconditioning on gene expression in muscle and adipose tissue of beef heifers. Use of rumen temperature for health monitoring in cattle. Zilpaterol hydrochloride impact on core body temperature, performance, and carcass characteristics of finishing steers. Effect of timing of Mannheimia haemolytica challenge following short-term exposure to bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1b on serum cytokine concentrations and muscle and fat gene expression changes in growing beef steers. Performance and carcass characteristics of stocker cattle grazing dormant native range. Effects of starch versus fiber-based supplements on adipose tissue gene expression of stocker cattle grazing dormant native range. Comparison of fatty acid profiles of longissimus muscle from Angus and Charolais finishing steers. Feedlot growth performance and carcass characteristics of heifers treated for clinical signs of bovine respiratory disease during preconditioning. Determination of the mechanism(s) by which direct-fed microbials control Escherichia coli O157:H7 in cattle. PURDUE " Short-term Outcomes: Calcium and vitamin D concentrations will be determined in muscle, liver, and kidney samples. Performance and carcass data will be analyzed and presented at the 2010 meeting. Growth performance and feed efficiency will be evaluated in these progeny from weaning until harvest. Hot carcass weight will be determined at harvest and carcass characteristics will be determined following a 24-48 hr chill. Trial is ongoing; preliminary data will be presented at the 2010 meeting. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: None. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Effect of dietary vitamin D and zilpaterol hydrochloride (Zilmax) on performance and carcass characteristics of steers. Impact of feeding DDGS to gestating heifers on reproductive performance and subsequent performance of their offspring. SOUTH DAKOTA STATE " Short-term Outcomes: Expression of factors that regulate adipocyte development did differ as a result of maternal nutrition. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations differ in cattle of differing body composition. Cattle finished with protection or in confinement during the winter months in South Dakota had improved growth performance compared to those fed in open pens. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: Nutritional considerations for weaned calves. October 2009. Wessington Springs, SD. Impact of health and disposition on carcass quality. January 2010. Beef 2020. Brookings, SD. Feedbunk management. January 2010. Dakota Southern Cattlemenss Association. Tripp, SD. Preparing your calves for the feedlot. February 2010. Faith Ranchers Forum. Faith, SD. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Performance of Cattle Finished in Three Different Feedlot Housing Systems. Effects of growing rate of gain on body composition, plasma ghrelin and leptin concentrations. Effect of maternal nutrition on fetal adipocyte development. UTAH STATE " Short-term Outcomes: The low DGS and high DGS diets improved ADG and G:F of growing steers, whereas both diets resulted in similar responses on ADG and G:F of finishing steers compared to the C diet. This study indicates that feed enzyme product containing protease activity effectively increased the in vitro degradation of DDGS when it was added at 1.4 mg/g DM. Supplementation of an exogenous proteolytic enzyme product at the dose rate used in this study did not alter growth performance of growing beef steers fed a DDGS-based TMR diet. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: None. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Influence of replacing barley grain with corn-based dried distillers grains with solubles on production and carcass characteristics of growing and finishing beef steers Effects of exogenous proteolytic enzyme to improve in vitro degradation of dried distillers grains with solubles for ruminants Effects of supplementing an exogenous proteolytic enzyme on growth performance in growing beef steers WEST TEXAS A&M " Short-term Outcomes: Optimum performance for cattle fed 15% WCDG occurred when the diet contained between 1.5 and 3.0% non-protein N, but removing all supplemental non-protein N was necessary to optimize performance in diets containing 30% WCDG. Results suggest that rate of gain on a carcass basis can be improved by feeding DDG with silage, whereas forage source was less important when no DDG was fed. Data suggest that dressed yield, Cu absorption or retention, and cytochrome c oxidase activity may be reduced by WDGS when fed at higher levels in diets based on steam-flaked corn. Growth performance was not influenced by Probios FS Daily under the conditions of the study. " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: Intervet technical seminar 'Zilmax Value to Feedyards' meeting, invited talk, April 8, 2009, San Antonio, Texas. 2nd Brazilian Ruminant Nutrition Conference, 2 talks, April 23 and 24, 2009, Botucatu, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Plains Nutrition Council meeting, invited talk, April 9 and 10, 2009, San Antonio, Texas. Academy of Veterinary Consultants Winter Meeting, invited talk on Nutraceuticals for growing and finishing cattle, December 3 to 5, 2009, Denver, Colorado. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Effects of wet corn distillers grains with solubles on degradable N needs by growing and finishing cattle. Effects of forage source and dry distillers grains on growth performance and carcass characteristics of yearling steers. Effects of the dietary concentration of wet distillers grains with solubles on visceral organ mass, trace mineral balance, and activity of antioxidant and energy metabolism enzymes. Effects of Probios FS Daily on growth performance and carcass characteristics of steer calves fed 15% wet corn distillers grains with solubles. University of Wisconsin " Short-term Outcomes: Using current technologies resulted in more rapid (18%) daily gain, improved (16%) gain:feed, and heavier live final (6%) and hot carcass (8%) weights (P < 0.0001). " Outputs: Publications: see Publication section Presentations: None. Extension/Outreach Activities None. Courses or Conferences Organized: None. " Activities: Economic assessment of the implementation of current technologies in feedlot steer nutritional management.

Iowa State: Strohbehn, Daryl, Dan Loy, Joe Sellers, Kevin Maher and Dennis Maxwell. 2009. Use of wet distillers grains with soluble mixed with ground hay and bunker stored in a heifer development program. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-2410 Strohbehn, Daryl, Dan Loy, Joe Sellers, Kevin Maher and Dennis Maxwell. 2009. Evaluation of mixing wet distillers grains with ground hay in a bunker and covering modified distillers grains to extend storage lifea demonstration. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ALS-R2411 Loy, Dan, Daryl Strohbehn, Dan Morrical, Joe Sellers and Allen Trenkle. 2009. Animal performance, storage losses and feasibility of ensiling a mixture of tub ground low quality hay and wet distillers grains for growing cattle. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2412. Loy, Dan and Allen Trenkle. 2009. Evaluation of beef growing and finishing systems to reduce corn use. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2413. Loy, Dan, Daryl Strohbehn, Joe Sellers and Dan Morrical. 2009. Effectiveness of mixing wet distillers grains and hay with a mixer wagon or a front end loader for long term storage. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2414. Baskett, Joel, Ashley Nelson, Kelsey Vincent, Daryl Strohbehn, Dan Loy, Carl Bern and Thomas Brumm. 2009. Storage and handling of high moisture co-products from ethanol production in beef operationsbeef producer study. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2416. Baskett, Joel, Ashley Nelson, Kelsey Vincent, Daryl Strohbehn, Dan Loy, Carl Bern and Thomas Brumm. 2009. Storage and handling of high moisture co-products from ethanol production in beef operationsfeed specialist and veterinarian study. Iowa State Univ. Anim. Industry Rep. ASL-R2417. Kansas State: Reinhardt, C.D., and L.R. Corah. 2010. Effects of anabolic implants on growth and carcass traits of feedlot steers and heifers: A meta-analysis. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (supp. 2). Lee, T., L.K. Mamedova, S. Guillossou, B.J. Bradford, C.D. Reinhardt, and D.U. Thomson. Effects of nutrient balance and implant status on IGF-1 and PUN concentrations of feedlot calves. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (supp. 2). Thompson, L. K., C. J. Schneider, G. L. Parsons, K. A. Miller, C. D. Reinhardt and J. S. Drouillard. 2010. Effects of initial body composition on carcass characteristics of heifers when fed Zilmax. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (supp. 1). Drouillard, J.S., and C.D. Reinhardt. 2009. Nutritional regulation of intramuscular fat deposition. J. Anim. Sci. 86 (E-supp. 2):124. Parsons, G. L., B. E. Depenbusch, C. D. Reinhardt, D. A. Yates, J. P. Hutcheson, and J. S. Drouillard. 2009. Effects of extended zilpaterol hydrochloride withdrawal on performance, carcass traits, and shear-force value of steaks from finishing heifers. J. Anim. Sci. (supp.2):519. Parsons, G. L., B. E. Depenbusch, C. D. Reinhardt, D. A. Yates, J. P. Hutcheson, and J. S. Drouillard. 2009. Effects of Extended Zilmax Withdrawal on Performance, Carcass Traits, and Shear-force Value of Steaks from Finishing Heifers. Plains Nutrition Council Spring Conference, San Antonio, TX April 8-10, 2009. Refereed Journal Articles and Book Chapters: S. Uwituze, G. L. Parsons, M. K. Shelor, B. E. Depenbusch, K. K. Karges, M. L. Gibson, C. D. Reinhardt, J. J. Higgins, and J. S. Drouillard. 2010. Evaluation of dried distillers grains and roughage source in steam-flaked corn finishing diets. J. Anim. Sci. 88: 258-274. Reinhardt, C. D., W.D. Busby, and L.R. Corah. 2009. Relationship of various incoming cattle traits with feedlot performance and carcass traits. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 3030-3042. Wallace, Justin O., MS; Chris D. Reinhardt, PhD; Daniel U. Thomson, DVM, PhD. 2009. Effects of Concurrent Metaphylaxis with Chlortetracycline and Tulathromycin on High-Risk Cattle Health and Performance. Bov. Pract. 43 (1) : 14-17. Donley, H. J., C.D. Reinhardt, J. J. Sindt, S. P. Montgomery, and J. S. Drouillard. 2009. Evaluating relationships among blood glucose, plasma urea nitrogen, performance, morbidity, and mortality in high-risk feedlot heifers. Bov. Pract. 43 (2):122-127. May, M. L., M. J. Quinn, C. D. Reinhardt, L. Murray, M. L. Gibson, K. K. Karges, and J. S. Drouillard. 2009. Effects of Dry-Rolled or Steam-Flaked Corn Finishing Diets with or without 25% Distillers Dried Grains on Ruminal Fermentation and Apparent Total Tract Digestion. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 3630-3638. Wileman, B.W., D. U. Thomson, C.D. Reinhardt, and D. G. Renter. 2009. Analysis of modern technologies commonly used in beef cattle production: Conventional beef production verses non-conventional production using meta-analysis. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 3418-3426. Stevens, Elliot T., MS, DVM; Daniel U. Thomson, PhD, DVM; Christopher D. Reinhardt, PhD; Nels Lindberg, DVM. 2009. Effect of Testing and Removal of Feeder Calves Persistently Infected with Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus at the Time of Feedlot Arrival and Outcome on Health, Performance, and Carcass Characteristics. Bov Pract 43(2): 117-121 Proceedings and Technical Reports: Chris Reinhardt, Ph.D. 2009. Corn Processing: Getting More Out of What Youve Got. Land O Lakes/Quality Liquid Feeds Feedlot Symposium Series. Cedar Rapids, IA; Council Bluffs, IA; Sioux Falls, SD; March 3-5, 2009. Chris Reinhardt, Ph.D. 2009. Use of Byproduct Feeds for Pasture Supplementation. KSU Hay and Grazing Conference, Manhattan, KS January 14, 2009. J.S. Drouillard and C.D. Reinhardt. 2009. Nutritional influences on marbling score. Midwest Section ASAS, DesMoines, IA March 28, 2009. Experiment Station Publications: Reinhardt, C.D. Implant Programs Affect Performance and Quality Grade. 2010 Beef Cattle Research Report, Report of Progress 1029, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Thompson, L., C. Schneider, G. Parsons, K. Miller, C. Reinhardt, and J. Drouillard. 2010. Among heifers fed Zilmax leaner, heavier heifers with smaller initial ribeye areas experience more ribeye area growth. 2010 Beef Cattle Research Report, Report of Progress 1029, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Wallace, J. O., C. D. Reinhardt, and D. U. Thomson. 2009. Concurrent Metaphylaxis with Aureomycin and Draxxin in High-Risk Calves Has No Additive Effects on Cattle Health and Performance. 2009 Beef Cattle Research Report. Report of Progress 1010, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Wallace, J. O., J. S. Drouillard, and C. D. Reinhardt. Dried Corn Germ in Natural Finishing Programs Reduces Incidence of Liver Abscess. 2009 Beef Cattle Research Report. Report of Progress 1010, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Black, P. L., G. L. Parsons, M. K. Shelor, K. K. Karges, M. L. Gibson, C. D. Reinhardt, and J. S. Drouillard. 2009. Feeding Steam-Flaked Diets With and Without Dry-Rolled Corn and Dried Distillers Grains Results in Similar Feedlot Performance. Report of Progress 1010, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service. Michigan State: Ungerfeld, E. M., S. R.Rust, R. Burnett. 2009. The effects of thiamine inhibition on ruminal fermentation: a preliminary study. Folia Microbiologica 54 (6): 521-526. Proceedings and Technical Reports: Casey, B.A., S. R. Rust, and D.B. Buskirk.. 2009. Incorporating distillers grain in beef cattle diets. Mich. State Univ. Extension Bull. E-3074, November Abstracts Casey, B. A., S.R. Rust, and J.P. Grobbel. 2009. Effects of feeding distiller's grains on fat deposition in feedlot cattle. American Society of Animal Science, March 17. University of Minnesota: J. M. Cassady, T. D. Maddock, A. DiCostanzo and G. C. Lamb. 2009. Body composition and estrous cyclicity responses of heifers of distinct body conditions to energy restriction and repletion. J. Anim. Sci. 87:22552261. J. M. Cassady, T. D. Maddock, A. DiCostanzo and G. C. Lamb. 2009. Initial body condition score affects hormone and metabolite response to nutritional restriction and repletion in yearling postpubertal beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 87:22622273. M. Blanch, S. Calsamiglia, N. DiLorenzo, A. DiCostanzo, S. Muetzel and R. J. Wallace. 2009. Physiological changes in rumen fermentation during acidosis induction and its control using a multivalent polyclonal antibody preparation in heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 87:17221730. J. M. Kelzer, C. R. Dahlen, G. I. Crawford, and A. DiCostanzo. 2009. Timing of Optaflexx inclusion in feedlot diets on performance and carcass characteristics of beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 87E(Suppl. 3.):79-80. DiCostanzo, A. 2009. Nutritional Effects of Cow Size. MN Cow-Calf and Cattle Feeder Days Proceedings. 2009. CD format. University of Nebraska: Corrigan, M. E., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. K. Luebbe, K. J. Vander Pol, N. F. Meyer, C. D. Buckner, S. J. Vanness, and K. J. Hanford. 2009. Effect of corn processing method and corn wet distillers grains plus solubles inclusion level in finishing steers. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 3351-3362. Folmer, J. D., T. B. Farran, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, C. D. Reinhardt, B. D. Dicke, J. S. Drouillard, M. N. Streeter, and J. T. Vasconcelos. 2009. Evaluation of Revalor-IH and Revalor-IS as initial implants compared with traditional initial implants for finishing heifers and steers. Prof. Anim. Scient. 25:580-585. Griffin, W. A., G. E. Erickson, B. D. Dicke, T. J. Klopfenstein, R. J. Cooper, D. J. Jordon, R. S. Swingle, W. M. Moseley, G. E. Sides, and D. J. Weigel. 2009. Effects of ractopamine (optaflexx) fed in combination with melengesterol acetate on feedlot heifer performance. Prof. Anim. Scient. 25:33-40. Harrelson, F. W., M. K. Luebbe, N. F. Meyer, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, D. S. Jackson, and W. A. Fithian. 2009. Influence of corn hybrid and processing method on nutrient digestibility, finishing performance, and carcass characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2323-2332. Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and W. A. Fithian. 2009. Influence of corn hybrid traits and processing method on nutrient digestibility. Prof. Anim. Scient. 25:496-509. Meyer, N. F., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. A. Greenquist, M. K. Luebbe, P. Williams, and M. A. Engstrom. 2009. Effect of essential oils, tylosin, and monensin on finishing steer performance, carcass characteristics, liver abscesses, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2346-2354. Vander Pol, K. J., M. K. Luebbe, G. I. Crawford, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Performance and digestibility characteristics of finishing diets containing distillers grains, composites of corn processing coproducts, or supplemental corn oil. J. Anim. Sci. 87:639-652 Corrigan, M. E., T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, N. F. Meyer, K. J. Vander Pol, M. A. Greenquist, M. K. Luebbe, K. K. Karges, and M. L. Gibson. 2009. Effects of level of condensed distillers solubles in corn dried distillers grains on intake, daily body weight gain, and digestibility in growing steers fed forage diets. J. Anim. Sci. 87:40734081. Greenquist, M. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, W. H. Schacht, G. E. Erickson, K. J. Vander Pol, M. K. Luebbe, K. R. Brink, A. K. Schwarz, and L. B. Baleseng. 2009. Effects of nitrogen fertilization and dried distillers grains supplementation: Forage use and performance of yearling steers. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 3639-3646. Griffin, W. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, D. M. Feuz, K. J. Vander Pol, and M. A. Greenquist. 2009. Effect of sorting and optaflexx supplementation on feedlot performance and profitability of long yearling steers. Prof. Anim. Scient. 25:273-282. Liska, A. J., H. S. Yang, V. R. Bremer, T. J. Klopfenstein, D. T. Walters, G. E. Erickson, and K. G. Cassman. 2009. Improvements in life cycle energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions of corn-ethanol. J. Industrial Ecology 13:58-74. Moxley R. A., D. R. Smith, M. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and D. Rogan. 2009. Escherichia coli O157:H7 vaccine dose-effect in feedlot cattle. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 6:879-884. Sellin, M. K., D. D. Snow, S. T. Gustafson, G. E. Erickson, A. S. Kolok. 2009. The endocrine activity of beef cattle wastes: Do growth-promoting steroids make a difference? Aquatic Toxicology 92:221-227. Smith, D. R., R. A. Moxley, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. A randomized longitudinal trial to test the effect of regional vaccination within a cattle feedyard on Escherichia coli O157:H7 rectal colonization, fecal shedding, and hide contamination. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 6:885-892. Smith, D. R., R. A. Moxley, R. E. Peterson, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, G. Bretschneider, E. M. Berberov, and S. Clowser. 2009. A two-dose regimen of a vaccine against type III secreted proteins reduced Escherichia coli O157:H7 colonization of the terminal rectum in beef cattle in commercial feedlots. Foodborne Pathog. Dis. 6:155-161. Adams, D. R., M. K. Luebbe, W. A. Griffin, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Effects of sorting cattle by weight and time of year on finishing performance, carcass characteristics and economics. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:43-46. Benton, J. R., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. K. Luebbe, and R. U. Lindquist. 2009. Effects of wet corn gluten feed and roughage inclusion levels in finishing diets containing modified distillers grains plus solubles. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:70-72. Benton, J. R., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, N. F. Meyer, and C. D. Buckner. 2009. Effects of roughage source and level with the inclusion of wet distillers grains on ruminal metabolism and nutrient digestibility. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:73-75. Bremer, V. R., J. R. Benton, M. K. Luebbe, K. J. Hanford, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. A. Stock. 2009. Wet distillers grains plus solubles or solubles in feedlot diets containing wet corn gluten feed. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:64-65. Bremer, V. R., T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, R. K. Koelsch, R. E. Massey, and J. Vasconcelos. 2009. Effects of feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles on feedlot manure value. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:89-90. de Mello Jr., A. S., C. R. Calkins, B. E. Jenschke, L. S. Senaratne, M. E. R. Dugan, T. Carr, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Fatty acid profile of three beef muscle from yearlings and calf-fed steers fed wet distillers grains plus solubles. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:107-109. de Mello, Jr., A., C. R. Calkins, B. E. Jenschke, L. S. Senaratne, M. E. R. Dugan, T. Carr, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Modified wet distillers grains finishing diets may increase the levels of polyunsaturated and trans fatty acids of beef. MP92:118-119. Godsey, C. M., M. K. Luebbe, J. R. Benton, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Effect of the grains-to-solubles ratio in diets containing wet distillers grains ± solubles fed to finishing steers. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:59-61. Godsey, C. M., W. A. Griffin, M. K. Luebbe, J. R. Benton, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Cattle performance and economic analysis of diets containing wet distillers grains and dry-rolled or steam-flaked corn. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:66-69. Greenquist, M. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, W. H. Schacht, G. E. Erickson, K. J. Vander Pol, M. K. Luebbe, K. R. Brink, A. K. Schwarz, and L. B. Baleseng. 2009. Replacing fertilizer nitrogen with dried distillers grains supplement to yearling steers grazing bromegrass pastures: Daily gain and nitrogen use efficiency. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:22-24. Greenquist, M. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, W. H. Schacht, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Replacing fertilizer nitrogen with dried distillers grains supplement to yearling steers grazing bromegrass pastures: Economics and modeling. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92: 25-27. Huls, T. J., M. K. Luebbe, W. A. Griffin, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. A. Stock. 2009. Using wet corn gluten feed to adapt cattle to finishing diets. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:53-55. Huls, T. J., N. F. Meyer, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. A. Stock. 2009. The effects on ruminal pH, feed intake and digestibility when using wet corn gluten feed to adapt cattle to finishing diets. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:56-58. Kovarik, L. M., M. K. Luebbe, R. J. Rasby, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Limit feeding beef cows with bunkered wet distillers grains plus solubles or distillers solubles. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:11-12. Luebbe, M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. A. Greenquist, and J. R. Benton. 2009. Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on feedlot performance, nitrogen mass balance and manure pH in open feedlot pens. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:91-93. Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and N. F. Meyer. 2009. Effect of dietary cation-anion difference on intake and urinary pH in high concentrate diets. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:94-95. Luebbe, M. K., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and J. R. Benton. 2009. Composting or stockpiling feedlot manure: Nutrient concentration and recovery. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:96-98. Meyer, N. F., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, J. R. Benton, M. K. Luebbe, and S. B. Laudert. 2009. Effects of Rumensin® and Tylan® in finishing diets with wet distillers grains plus solubles. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:86-88. Nichols, C. A., M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, R. A. Stock, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Effects of substituting wet distillers grains with solubles in a wet corn gluten feed-based diet on finishing performance. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:62-63. Nuttelman, B. L., M. K. Luebbe, J. R. Benton, T. J. Klopfenstein, L. A. Stalker, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Energy value of wet distillers grains in high forage diets. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:28-29. Peterson, M. M., M. K. Luebbe, R. J. Rasby, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, and L. M. Kovarik. 2009. Level of wet distillers grains plus solubles and solubles ensiled with wheat straw for growing steers. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92: 35-36. Rolfe, K. M., N. F. Meyer, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and R. A. Mass. 2009. Impact of a new direct-fed microbial on intake and ruminal pH. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:99-101. Senartatne, L. S., C. R. Calkins, A. S. de Mello Jr., T. P. Carr, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Fatty acid composition of beef from cattle fed set distillers grains diets supplemented with vitamin E. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:110-112. Senaratne, L. S., C. R. Calkins, A. S. de Mello Jr., and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Vitamin E mitigates the boost in lipid oxidation of beef due to wet distillers grains feeding. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:113-115. Senaratne, L. S., C. R. Calkins. A. S. de Mello Jr., G. A. Sullivan, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Effect of set distillers grain feeding supplemented with vitamin E on case life of beef. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:116-117. Vanness, S. J., T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, and K. K. Karges. 2009. Suflur in distillers grains. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:79-80. Vanness, S. J., N. F. Meyer, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Ruminal sulfide levels in corn byproduct diets with varying roughage levels. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:81-83. Vanness, S. J., N. F. Meyer, T. J. Klopfenstein, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. Hydrogen sulfide gas levels post feeding. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:84-85. Waterbury, J. A., D. R. Mark, R. J. Rasby, and G. E. Erickson. 2009. An economic budget for determining co-product storage costs. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:20-21. Waterbury, J. A., D. R. Mark, S. M. Thoms, G. E. Erickson, and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. An economic overview of ethanol co-product utilization in Nebraska. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:50-52. Wilken, M. F., M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and J. R. Benton. 2009. Feeding corn distillers solubles or wet distillers grains plus solubles and cornstalks to growing calves. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:30-32. Wilken, M., T. L. Mader, G. E. Erickson, and L. J. Johnson. 2009. Comparison of dry distillers or modified wet distillers grains plus solubles in wet or dry forage-based diets. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:33-34. Wilken, M. F., M. K. Luebbe, G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, and J. R. Benton. 2009. Effects of feeding high levels of byproducts in different combinations to finishing steers. Nebraska Beef Cattle Report. MP92:76-78. Abstracts: Erickson, G. E., and T. J. Klopfenstein. 2009. Nutritional and management methods to decrease nitrogen losses from beef feedlots. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87. E-Suppl. 2:370. Benton, J. R., G. E. Erickson, T. J. Klopfenstein, M. K. Luebbe, and R. U. Lindquist. 2009. Effects of wet corn gluten feed and roughage inclusion levels in finishing diets containing modified distillers grains plus solubles. J. 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Erickson, 2009. A meta-analysis evaluation of supplementing dried distillers grains plus solubles to cattle consuming forage based diets. . J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87. E-Suppl. 2:136. Griffin, W. A., T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson. D. R. Mark, and K. M. Rolfe. 2009. The economic impact of increasing corn price and supplementation decisions on economics of beef production systems. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 3:56. Griffin, W. A., B. L. Nuttelman, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, L. A. Stalker, J. A. Musgrave, and R. N. Funston. 2009. The effect of supplementing dried distillers grains to steers grazing cool season meadow. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 3:99. Huls, T. J., M. K. Luebbe, T. J. Klopfenstein, G. E. Erickson, W. A. Griffin, R. A. Stock, and D. R. Mark. 2009. Utilizing wet corn gluten feed instead of roughage during grain adaptation in finishing feedlot cattle. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 3:262. Nichols, C. A., G. E. Erickson, J. T. Vasconcelos, M. N. Streeter, B. 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