Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Thursday, Sept. 2 8:00  8:30: Introduction and Registration. Room was $390. Registration was $30 per person Several positions are open and/or have been recently been filled at the participating universities. 2010 is Kimberly Vonnahmes last year as a member of NC-1038. Carl Dahlen will replace her as NDSU representative. 2010 is Allen Bridges last year representing Purdue University. Allen will represent the University of Minnesota in future years. Station Reports: Kimberly Vonnahme (NDSU): Endocrine profiles change when nutrition is altered. Exp with pigs, exercised pigs for 3x week during gestation and measured umbilical blood flow. Exercise at 65 d increased umbilical blood flow (litter size did not differ). Exercise increased ovary and uterine size. Impacts of maternal nutrition on uterine blood flow in beef cows throughout gestation USDA funded project: hypo: when to intervene in low nutrition in during gestation. Does placenta has ability to respond during late gestation. No restriction, short-term restriction, long term restriction. Spectral analysis to measure flow. Measure flow volume, 3 times in triplicate. And resistance index to measure vasoconstriction. Nutrition has altered blood flow during gestation. 60% restriction is both energy and protein. Going to work with Funston on protein model. GP?: Statistical analysis of individual fed cows on intake with more than 1 in pen. If suppose to eat 60% and 1 cow is 55% and one at 65%. When to numbers out-weigh individual measurements? When do you have enough animals to account for variation? Discussed in depth. No clear answer. Many manuscripts wont be accepted. KV: High selenium during gestation increased milk production potentially due to increased mammary vascularity. G. Cliff Lamb (University of Florida): Grow-Safe (GS) system is very accurate (~98.5%) at estimating feed intake. However, the Nelson water systems are not reliable. When determining residual feed intake (RFI) using GS, use a 21 d adaptation period and 70 d test. Obtaining accurate weights on cattle is more challenging than obtaining feed intake. Determining the relationship between feed efficiency (FE) in growing and mature females. Do females maintain similar FE as weaned heifers and following calving of 2nd calf; does an efficient growing female = and efficient mature female? Growing FE does not accurately predict mature FE when milk production was not included into the statistical model. Question by BC: Even with a poor correlation between growing and mature females, can you identify genetic markers that can account for both periods? CL: Good question; how much is FE associated with genetics, biology, and environment and can it be selected for? Inefficient heifer consumed ~1,000 more lb of feed during the 70 d test than the efficient heifer, with a similar relationship seen in cows. Question by KV: How do you know a specific cows 100% feed intake, all animals will differ? When heifers and cows were ranked as good, medium, or bad in terms of FE, the group relationship was still evident as mature females. Statement by GP & CL: Should evaluate both wt change and % wt change as data can differ. Determination of the appropriate delivery of PGF in the 5 d CO-Synch + CIDR protocol in lactating beef cows. Treatment: a) Single 25 mg of PGF at CIDR removal, b) two concurrent 25 mg doses of PGF (Co-PGF) at CIDR removal, c) two, 25 mg doses of PGF given 8 h apart. TAI pregnancy rates similar to lactating dairy cows, very poor even though DPP and BCS was greater than in previous years. TAI pregnancy rates were greater in the 8 h-PGF treatment (46.9%; n = 64) than the 1x-PGF (26.6%; n = 64) and Co-PGF (21.0%; n = 62) treatments. Breeding season pregnancy rates did not differ between treatments. Effects of 72 h temporary calf removal prior to fixed-time AI on pregnancy rates and subsequent calf performance in suckled beef cows. Calf removal for 72 h tended to increase pregnancy rates, while having negative impacts on subsequent calf performance. TW calves were 16 kg smaller at weaning than controls At the time of temporary weaning (TW), the youngest calves lost the most weight during the weaning period. Discussion: Question: Is the loss in calf performance due to direct effects on the calf (immunity and feed intake) or cow milk production? JS: Suggested to keep calves close so that they dont lose bonding with mothers KV: Skip Barols data: lactotrine (sp?) in milk may be as important as colostrum in swine and hence the reason for decreased performance to TW. CL: Young calves lost more wt during TW but older calves had decreased WW. JS: After TW, different milk components take different intervals to come back. GP: Can/should you measure calf milk intake? IS there a change in gut function due to lack of feed? CL: Intensive measurements are planned using the GS system. Improving growth development and attainment of puberty of replacement beef cattle heifers with perennial peanut forage Objective was to determine if supplementing perennial peanut forage was a viable alternative to supplementing cereal grains to developing crossbred beef heifers. Treatments: Control: ad lib bermudagrass hay, Peanut: ad lib hay + 3/week supplement with perennial peanut forage, Grain: ad lib hay + 3/wk grain supplementation. Peanut and grain diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous ADG was greater in the peanut and grain treatment than the control treatment. Age at puberty did not differ between treatments but weight at puberty was greater in the grain and peanut treatment than the control. Bob Cushman: Reproductive tract measurements and granulose cell gene expression in repeat-breeder cows Repeat breeder cows were those that failed to conceive in 2 consecutive breeding seasons. It was hypothesized that repeat breeder cows would have smaller reproductive tracts and fewer antral follicles than fertile females. Repeat breeders had smaller ovaries and fewer follicles than fertile cows which may contribute to their reduced fertility. Repeat breeders also had decreased mRNA for anti-mullerian hormone. Discussion: Antral follicle counts dont explain everything as only 10% pregnancy rate difference between high and low females. AT: any dud ovaries in repeat breeders? BC = no RK and BS pointed out that repeat breeder beef cows and repeat breeder dairy cows differ as you dont know how many times the repeat beef cow was actually bred. BC: Antral follicle count is affected by day of the estrous cycle but ovarian size and uterine endometrium area is not and thus may be useful to include in a reproductive tract score and for heifer selection. Question from group: is fertility related to large reproductive tract and ovary? BC is getting phenotypes for continued studies in antral follicle count (AFC) and fertility SNIP study by BC: Titan gene spikes in cows with high AFC. Titan is a muscle associated gene that is expressed in the ovary. A SNIP study with cluster pathways identified several genes of interest close to Titan: growth hormone receptor, AMH, BMP receptors For the variables; age at puberty, antral follicle count, heifer pregnancy rate, and birth weight  15 SNIPS were significant for all. Future research by BC: estrous detection data on heifers for 15 years to look at gene clusters close to significant SNIPS Using growth traits and adipose function to identify indicators of heifer fertility Adipose tissue could be used as a biomarker of fertility and be linked to growth traits and feed efficiency in heifers Beef heifers were observed for estrus beginning at 6 months of age. A adipose tissue biopsy was taken at approximately 1 year of age, and heifers entered the breeding season at ~416 days of age. Heifers that were prepubertal at biopsy were younger and lighter at weaning than pubertal heifers but pregnancy rate did not differ nor did weight at breeding. Age at puberty did not impact pregnancy rate. mRNA for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-g in adipose tissue did not predict fertility. BC future research: continue collecting data on heifer ovary size, endometrial weight, and carcass composition to relate to fertility Question by AT: is there a national or international effort to bring all SNIP data together? Issue-phenotype variations Full access to several other SNIP data sets are available. Paul Fricke: To resynch or not to resynch - that is the question As the number of AI attempts increases the conception rate to AI decreases, therefore resynch AI conception rate is reduced. General research question: Can resynch AI pregnancy rates be increased? If so, reproductive performance of dairy herds can be dramatically improved. Most producers will incorporate estrous detection with resynch-TAI approaches. Effect of presynchronization with GnRH or hCG 7 d before resynchronization of ovulation initiated 25 d after a previous timed AI on fertility of lactating dairy cows. Comparing the efficacy of administering either GnRH or hCG 7 days before the initiation of a common resynchronization protocol in lactating dairy cows. Failure of cows having a CL at initiation of resynch results in low progesterone concentrations and reduced fertility. 15 to 20% of cows fail to have a CL at start of resynch. Question by AB: is it a direct effect of progesterone or more related to stage of the estrous cycle? PF: most data suggest in is a direct effect of progesterone. Administering GnRH or hCG 7 d prior to start of a resynch protocol did not improve synchronization rate. hCG improved fertility compared to GnRH, but GnRH was better than control. Discussion: Why do some many cows not have a functional CL at start of resynch? Answer not clear. Presynchronization with hCG 7 d before initiation of Resynch improves fertility similar to a Double-Ovsynch Resynch protocol in lactating dairy cows. Using a double ovsynch as resynch extends the interval to AI by 7 days but has been shown to increase AI conception rate by 8%. What is value of increased conception rate versus increased time to AI? Objective of hCG is to increase progesterone at start of resynch program to enhance fertility. Administering hCG 7 d prior to start of resynch program resulted in similar fertility at using double ovsynch and reduced the interbreeding interval by 14 d. General Discussion: Concern expressed by group: Administering GnRH during periods of elevated progesterone results in reduced incidences of ovulation. Perhaps use hCG rather than GnRH? Question: appropriate dose of hCG: JS: Although PF used 2000 i.u., 1000 should be as effective and is the current recommendation. Concerns expressed by the group the hCG may be taken off the market. GP and AB: expressed that elevated progesterone may be a hindrance in beef cattle, specifically heifers. Question - Does hCG cause antibody development?  Yes, cows will develop antibodies against it. Serum pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) and progesterone concentrations after induction of pregnancy loss at Day 39 of gestation in lactating dairy cows Many different PAGs, expression pattern differs during gestation. Discussed various pregnancy diagnosis options using varius PAGs and interferon stimulated gene products. Question posed is how long do PAGs stick around once pregnancy is lost? Fetuses aborted on d 39 of pregnancy via PGF (slower death/faster expulsion) or saline infusion (immediate stop in heart beat/slower expulsion). Group discussed various ways to abort the fetus. Serum PAG decrease at a similar rate regardless of method to induce abortion. GP shared cut-off serum values for pregnant, non-pregnant, and not sure for BioPrYN test A Stochastic Evaluation of Reproductive Management Programs for Dairy Herds Economic modeling suggests that breeding costs are trivial compared to returns from getting cows pregnant at fewer days in milk. Reproductive efficiency is biggest driver of economic outcome in model Economic model available for producers on University of Wisconsins website Washington Update provided by AT: NIFA is being reorganized in to 5 institutes: 1) Animal programs in food production and sustainability, 2) Bioenergy, 3) climate, and environment, 4) Food safety and nutrition, 5) Youth and communities Also the Center for International Programs Congress has to approve changes Current plan: implement changes after start of new fiscal year (Oct. 1) What it means for animal science: - Brings everyone together; competitive side aligns with non-competitive program RFAs for next year are underway: goal to have out in November or December -Some people addressed concerns with current grant programs Foundation grants wont rotate between research areas Integration and collaborations is critical: multi-discipline/institution Positive note: AFRI fellowship program: $130,000 limit-Deadline is Oct 5th. Hot off press: New grant opportunity: NIH-NIFA; Administered thru NIH. Joint FOA for dual use of domestic animals and biomedical research. To address issue with large animals that we can use models for human disease. Dual use is key. Human health and biology of ag species. 4 main topic areas: assisted repro technology and stem cell biology, metabolism, developmental origins of adult disease, zoonotic diseases Mark Mirando worked hard to get in place, if questions call Mark. Letters of intent are option, due Oct. 3rd, final due date is Nov 3rd. Grant workshops: Primarily toward new faculty: Arlington VA: Nov 30 and January 25th. (2 d workshops) Budget discussion: President to Senate to house then work out differences July: as of now thru senate. No new money. If increase, it is coming from somewhere AT went over budget details Discussed SARE proposals and process KV: What is the women and minorities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields: Answer: Dont know AT discussed new program leaders and recent personnel changes Lunch Break: 12:00 to 1:30 pm Station Reports Continued: Jeff Stevenson: Post-Embryo Transfer Stimulation of Luteal Function with Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Can embryo transfer (ET) pregnancy rates be improve with administration of hCG at the time of transfer? Embryos only transferred into cows with viable CL. Only 1 hCG treated cows with 3 CLs hCG increased the proportion of pregnant cows with multiple CLs and increased circulating progesterone concentrations Treatment, embryo type (fresh vs. frozen) and BCS affected ET pregnancy rates. hCG increased pregnancy rates. Little research on the impact of receipt BCS on pregnancy rate. At transfer CL scoring (1 vs 2) was done. Cows with a score of 1 had greater progesterone than those with a score of 2. Group discussed impact of BCS of donor, receipt, and effect of embryo development on pregnancy rates to ET. Use of Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin to Stimulate Pregnancy Outcomes in Suckled Beef Cattle Heat stress negatively impacted pregnancy success. Administering eCG at CIDR removal decreased pregnancy rate compared to controls, but extreme heat stress at one location may have impacted results. Enhanced Ovulation in Lactating Dairy Cattle before and after First Services PG-3-G-7-G versus Presynch+Ovsynch Does giving PGF followed by GnRH 3 d later, initiated 10 d prior to the start of Ovsynch increase synchronization rates and TAI pregnancy rates compared to a standard 2 doses of PGF given 14 d apart with the 2nd PGF given 10 d prior to Ovsynch. More cows in the PG-3-G treatment ovulated at start of Ovsynch Pregnancy rates were numerically greater in PG-3-G treatment (preliminary results) Second objective was to administer hCG on d 6 after TAI to induce an accessory CL and potential increase TAI pregnancy rates. A greater proportion of hCG treated cows had multiple CLs and pregnant cows that received hCG had greater progesterone concentrations after on d 21 and 28 than pregnant cows that did not receive hCG. hCG administration did not increase TAI pregnancy rate. Discussion: PF: have you broken out a parity effects? JS: No parity effect CIDR put in CIDR in vagina what CIDR sees does not reflect what is circulation Effect on hypothalamus: P4 above 1 ng/mL so probably not impacting LH release and no persistent follicles PF: population of cows without CI: original CL volume in hCG preg and salin preg: has CL increased volume by d 21 and 28 Interesting on d 14 hCG differs from Saline Discussed P4 effects on fertility in dairy versus beef during development on follicle wave. Bill Silvia: The temporal relationships between physiological, endocrine and behavioral parameters during the periestrual period in lactating dairy cows Past research: cystic ovaries in cattle associated with intermediate concentrations of p4. Level of p4 needed to inhibit an lh surge is extremely low (.4 ng/mL). Inhibiting pulse secretion has to be much higher to suppress LH pulse frequency (4.0 ng/ml). Why is this? Different centers of hypo respond different to p4 level, genomic vs non-genomic, receptor type??? JS: CIDR + CL- is direct action of p4 from CIDR on CL? CL has high p4 anyway. PF: if a cow hasnt seen p4 in a while liver not ready to metabolize. KV: diet can change P4 catabolism AT: OVX changes hypo-pituitary What happens to P4 immediately after CIDR in with CL already-no one knows JO: Couldnt it be that CIDR just impacting LH Current data: Holstein or Holstein x Jersey, any lactation, first breeding postpartum (60 to 100 d). Synched with G6G followed by Select Synch 3 d prior to PGF: smart bolus (temperature sensor, accelerometer) put in reticulum and vagina (attached to CIDR). Constant signal After PGF: check for estrus 2 h intervals until 3 consecutive checks without mounting Bleed 2 h interval for LH (until 24 h after onset of estrus or 120 h Rectal temp at 2 h intervals Ultrasound at 4 h interval o monitor follicle growth and ovulation Measured various intervals. Objective: identify interval with lowest deviation: best predictor of ovulation, know best time to AI. Accelerometer in reticulum: do see a spike at estrus (various transient) Body temp rise associated with estrus. Vaginal temp: goes up, less noise than reticulum Future research: both smartbolus (reticular and vaginal) and ice Tags (leg mounted accelerometer Identify motion signature for mounting events: 1) examine motion at maximum frequency, 2, examine motion in 3 dimensions, 3, mounting versus standing Can we see motions signature profiles between cows in heat and not, and relationship with cows in and not in estrus (interaction). LA: use video cameras on cows Use heat watch (GP) RK: how does sensor measure movement of cow versus tumbling in reticulum? BS: dont think can separate that out? RK, will that mask actual animal movement? BS: yes PF: So when you got a small difference in temp due to estrus, what happens during heat stress. BS: Dont have data evaluated yet, but may be impacted. None showed heat but some did ovulate. Very hot in august. BC: a potential use for temp in beef is to uses with bull to know day of conception CL: if acute changes could be predicted, great use in dairy if data returns fast enough JO: when I first went to OSU: Zartman temp. Joe has some papers published. Thought vagina temp had promise. George Perry: Influence of luteal regression prior to GnRH on LH pulse frequency and synchrony of follicular growth PGF-CIDR program: Tighter synchrony of follicle development better follicle control Tighter control of progesterone Hypothesis: does this impact LH pulse and follicle growth Treatments: PG-CIDR, PG-NoCIDR, 7d CIDR LH bleed 4 d after CIDR inserted PF: why 6 and not 5. GP: no need for 2 shots of PGF, also d 6 optimal follicle sizes from dissertation Less variability in p4 concentrations, follicular growth, and dominant follicle size at PGF in PG-CIDR LH pulse frequency tended to be greater in PG-CIDR and PG-NoCIDR than 7dCIDR treatment Influence of initiating luteal regression prior to treatment with GnRH on fixed time AI fertility in beef heifers. 5 d CO-Synch + CIDR vs PG-CIDR: 5 d = 42% (n = 265); PG-CIDR (64%, n = 252) Influence of initiating luteal regression prior to treatment with GnRH on ability to control follicular waves. Does inducing luteal regression improve response to GnRH-1: 5d vs PG-CIDR Yes: PG-CIDR (83%), 5d (64%)  all cows; same relationship when evaluated cows with follicles > 10 mm. PF: with pg-cidr, do you need a cidr? GP: only time looked at was in 5 heifers, argue yes to get consistent p4. PF: dont need GnRH at start of 5d CIDR in dairy heifers. CL: in beef heifers have to deal with prepubertal, cidr gets more cycling Objective 2: characterize physiological mechanisms Uterine expression of Na+/H+ antiporters 1, 2, and 4 in beef cows following CIDR removal. Na/H antiporters were not affected by estrous expression. Time affected antiporter 1 and 2 and there was an estrus by time interaction for antiporters 1, 2, and 4. AB: estradiol concentrations were high at PGF? GP: typical of our assay RK: are cows predestined not to show estrus/or have drop in uterine ph as antiporters were diff at start Effect of ovulatory follicle size on luteal weight and steriodogenic enzyme expression Cows that show estrus tended to have larger follicles but no difference in luteal wt Ovulatory follicle size tended to be positively correlated with luteal wt on d 10 When grouped, ovulatory follicle size impacted progesterone Estrous expression did not impact progesterone No difference in gene expression in CL from large and small follicles Jamie Larson: Modifying the Double-Ovsynch protocol to include human chorionic gonadotropin to synchronize estrus in dairy cows and heifers. Substitute 1st GnRH of double ov with hCG. Replacing GnRH with hCG did not increase pregnancy rates or ovulation rate but limited numbers. Repeating study in cows to increase numbers JL: Does doing heat detection following AI dirty up the data? PF: good question, can change dynamic of protocol. JL: after you AI all the first time, on return heat do you AI PF: good question: need to know information and heat expression between treatments. How do you know cow is heat? JS: are you testing a protocol or system. System yes, testing protocol = no. PF: swap GnRH with hCG at 2nd GnRH of double ovsynch (not first gnrh of breeding ovsynch). Why would swaping 1st assist fertility? GP: why hCG over GnRH PF: in resynch we wanted to ov follicle high p4, benefit to CL, hCG does better than GnRH. Werent convinced a single GnRH enough would ovulate? Effects of bull exposure on conception rates to artificial insemination in beef cattle Effect of bull exposure on conception rates to AI in beef cattle Control (no bull), side-winder bull, vasectomized bull JL: How to improve detection with bull chin markers?: had problems Could use detectors on cows, but dont know if cow or bull mounted. Other potential methods include vaginal swabs and video Conclusion of Station Reports on Day 1 (Sept 2) Business meeting: Rewrite due in 2011 2011 president is Allen Bridges 2011 secretary: Rick Funston 2011 member at large: Jamie Larson When and where 2011 meeting: Site: Fargo (11 votes) vs St. Louis (3 votes) Time: August 10, 11 2011 Direction of rewrite: 2011 station reports; 15-20 minutes: favorite project (not multiple) two full days: to focus on rewrite. ADJORN DAY 1 (5:00 pm) Day #2 (Sept 3, 2010) Station Reports Continued (8:10 am) Joe Otterbre Objectives: determine if exogenous PGF2± affects the concentrations of mRNA for sodium dependent Vitamin C transporters (SVCT) 1 & 2 in sheep corpora lutea, and to determine if the effect is dependent upon whether the corpus luteum has, or has not, acquired luteolytic capacity. Vitamin C (antioxidant): control free radical in CL Vit C decrease in CL after PGF: d 3 transient (down at 2 h post-PGF but back at 24 h post-PGF), d 10 stays suppressed Does SVCT1 and SVCT 2 mRNA change between d 3 and 10 SVCT1 mRNA was not able to be amplified SVCT2 mRNA was decreased after PGF administration during the mid-cycle but not during early cycle Discussion topics covered: Is it cause and effect? Can you inhibit SVCt 2? Does Vit C play a role in progesterone secretion? : Yes Does CL synthesize Vit C: NO How does Vit C get back out of cell? Leak after transporter destruction? Is SVCT in large or small luteal cells. Standard curve of real-time PCR of SVCT2 Rebecca Krisher: GLUTAREDOXIN PATHWAY GENES ARE DIFFERENTIALLY EXPRESSED IN MATURE PORCINE OOCYTES WITH VARYING DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIALS Gene expression in pig oocytes: Gilt (poor oocytes) vs sow (good oocytes) Several genes upregulated in poor oocytes 13 genes: redox, metabolism etc identified and examined in more detail. Glutaredoxin pathway activity may be different in gilts and sows, thus the potential difference in oocyte quality between them. EFFECT OF LEPTIN ON PORCINE NUCLEAR MATURATION UNDER CONDITIONS OF HYPERGLYCEMIA Leptin and glucose interact to regulate nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of the oocyte. IDENTIFICATION OF DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE RELATED GENES IN MATURE PORCINE OOCYTES The differential expression patterns of genes involved in cholesterol synthesis, fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis in good and poor quality porcine oocytes suggest that activities of these metabolic pathways may be important mechanisms involved in oocyte competence. BASELINE AND SUPEROVULATION HYPERANDROGENISM AND FOLLICULAR DYNAMICS IN THE OSSABAW PIG SUGGEST AN ANIMAL MODEL FOR POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SYNDROME (PCOS) Effect of obesity on gene expression in oocytes MetS pigs had different amounts of androstenedione in serum and follicles as well as difference in progesterone. POS = more endometrial cancer, RK has uterine tissue EFFECT OF REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES DURING IN VITRO MATURATION ON PORCINE OOCYTE NUCLEAR MATURATION AND DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE Functional work: Redox potential in oocyte quality: -to much cystiene is bad but in high redox, adding cystiene helps Important to keep Redox and oxidative agents in balance for proper oocyte development Question from group: does XOD1 or D10 run out because not replaced: probably THE EFFECT OF TNF- ? ON MEIOTIC MATURATION AND BLASTOCYST DEVELOPMENT. Blocking TNF-alpha reduced cleavage and blast % Question by AB:When trying to enhance oocyte quality are we directly impacting oocyte or just granulose cells. Discussion: Both Allen Bridges: Effect of PGF2± administration and CIDR insertion on timed-AI pregnancy rates in beef heifers. PGF at CIDR insertion did not increase TAI preg rates. Changing timing of TAI after CIDR removal in 5 d CIDR program did not increase TAI pregnancy rates. BCS important factor in results between locations Need to assess impact of puberty status on synchronization systems but difficult on cooperator ranches Group discussed role of progesterone between dairy and beef cows/heifers Circulating concentrations of progesterone in ovariectomized beef heifers when treated for 5 days with either a new, 5 day-used, or 10 day-used CIDR. Even after two uses, CIDR maintained progesterone above 1 ng/mL GP: Lower p4 could change LH pulses and impact timing of estrous and ovulation. Hence may alter TAI pregnancy rates. AB: True, must evaluate before making a recommendation towards using used CIDRs in 5 d program Group discussed progesterone concentrations reported. Determining the impact of feeding DDGS to gestating heifers on their reproductive performance and subsequent performance of their offspring Excessive protein did not impact AI pregnancy rates but did increase calf birth weight. GP: protein may not be high enough to cause detrimental effects KV: should use term developmental programming rather than fetal programming: more descriptive of what may be occurring Lloyd Anderson: Nanobiology of neuroendocrine secretion Mechanism of GH secretion using pigs as a model Secretagogue: induces GH secretion from hypo-pituitary homogenous mix within 90 seconds Total population of vesicles remains the same after secretion. Means the vesicle makes a transient membrane to fuse and release product Rapid and regulated process. Aquaporin: assist in releasing cell content Micro tubules go from cytoplasm to membrane then back to cytoplasm Uses about 4% of cells ATP for GH secretion Universal process in vesicle releasing cells (study several cell types across various tissues). Evidence that partial secretion can occur, not always complete as was previous thought. Calcium is required. Size of pore is related to rapidity of release Further refinement of assembly and disassembly of fusion pore. Fusion poor is embedded in membrane Very regulated process that requires considerable energy investment Collaboration Discussion: Current collaborations: JS & CL: ET work JS, CL, JL: dairy study JS & CL; many studies JS, CL, AB: 5 d CIDR PGF GP & BC; several studies KV & RK: collaborating JL, JS, CL; Dairy heifer work *Please send all collaborative stuff to me for rewrite Idea for future: Having symposia with producers (NCERA-57; extension focused committee; NC-1038 is not) AT: This committee does an excellent job at collaborating Repro summit at UF Integrated grant idea: *Beef cattle at different BCS prior to calving: Fat, moderate, thin: then change: up or down or no change AT: NC committees do not have to adhere to AFRI priorities. (we think) Previous rewrites included collaborative projects for some but not all persons but by time it goes thru project have been done or new info available. * no big project in last rewrite Genomics project in rewrite? Why not: state collaboration Jeff Stevenson will volunteer to write Justification: Keep same objectives  come to meeting next year with umbrella ideas Come up with a couple of folks to take leadership role & come with some ideas written up *nutrition & reproduction interactions *Include new objective on Genomic Cliff and Jeff will coordinate the rewrite AT: senior members coordinate and jr members do some of the heavy lifting LA: Does climate change pertain to this group *Should we change to Nutritional and Environmental effects on reproduction (idea from GP) Cliff is organizing a IETS pre-conference symposium (Jan. 8th-Orlando): speakers: Joe LeRoy, Steven LaBlanc, Milo Wiltbank, Buriselli, Pat Lonagren, Jeremy Block, Bill Thatcher, Round table Adjourn (12:00 pm)

Objective 1. To develop breeding programs to maximize pregnancy rates. Kansas State Injection of hCG on d 7 post-estrus (at the time of embryo transfer) induced ovulation in 69% of recipient beef cows, increased concentrations of progesterone, and increased pregnancy transfer rates by 7 percentage points. Injection of eCG at the time of PGF2a failed to alter progesterone concentrations or timed AI pregnancy rates. In fact, treatment of suckled beef cows with eCG at CIDR insert removal reduced timed AI pregnancy rates. Location accounted for differences in cycling status, luteolysis success, pregnancy rates, and pregnancy loss between d 35 and 67. We concluded that eCG treatment under these experimental conditions did not increase concentrations of progesterone post-eCG or pregnancy rates of suckled beef cows. Applying pre-timed AI injection of PGF2a and GnRH resulted in better ovulation responses to the first GnRH injection of the timed AI protocol (Ovsynch), more CL per cow at the time of PGF2a. The pregnancy outcomes are favorable but not sufficient cows have been tested to date. Future Work A companion eCG study is near completion in which 100 lactating dairy cows will be treated with 400 IU of eCG or saline concomitant with the PGF2a injection of the Ovsynch protocol that followed presynchronization of estrous cycles (Presynch). Cows will be scanned before the first GnRH injection of Ovsynch, just before treatment at the time of PGF2a, and at 48 and 96 h later (to assess follicle diameter and ovulation), and at 7 and 14 days after the second GnRH injection of Ovsynch (to assess size of the CL). Pregnancy diagnosis will occur at d 32 and 60 post-AI. Our hypothesis is that the FSH activity of eCG might increase estrogen biosynthesis and mitosis of granulose cells in the preovulatory follicle, thus increasing potential CL size, progesterone output from the resulting CL and pregnancy outcome. Complete the lactating dairy cow experiment by treating a total of 100 cows per treatment (PG-3-G vs. Presynch 10) for which blood samples and ovarian scans are done. The treatments will continue for another year to increase the number of observations for pregnancy outcomes. In addition, a field trial is planned to test the PG-3-G vs. Presynch 10 pre-timed AI systems in 3 commercial Kansas dairy farms beginning mid September 2010. At each dairy 500 cows will be treated (250 per treatment) to provide approximately 750 cows per treatment. University of Wisconsin-Madison Presynchronization with hCG or GnRH 7 d before initiation of Resynch did not affect synchronization rate, but that hCG increased fertility whereas GnRH tended to increase fertility compared to Ovsynch initiated 25 d after a prior TAI. Presynchronization with hCG increased fertility of resynchronized cows similar to that of a Double-Ovsynch Resynch protocol while reducing the interbreeding interval by 14 d. Development and use of a stochastic model by commercial dairy herds may facilitate selection of economically-optimal reproductive programs based on farm-specific parameters. Although timing of conceptus expulsion occurred 5.2 d later for INF than for PGF cows, serum PAG concentrations for INF and PGF cows decreased at a similar rate from the onset of treatment. Future Work Researchers are continuing to work on improving fertility to synchronization strategies in lactating dairy cows. South Dakota State University For the project: Influence of luteal regression prior to GnRH on LH pulse frequency and synchrony of follicular growth. There was a treatment (P=0.04), time (P<0.01), and treatment x time (P<0.01) interaction on progesterone concentrations. PG-No CIDR had decreased concentrations compared to PG-CIDR and 7d CIDR, which were similar. There was a tendency (P=0.09) for LH pulse frequency to be greater among PG-CIDR (3.4±0.24) and PG-No CIDR (3.4±0.24) compared to the 7d CIDR (2.6±0.40), but area under the curve (P>0.76) and mean LH concentrations (P>0.76) did not differ. Follicular growth rates did not differ between treatments (P>0.14), but there was a tendency for decreased variance in growth rate among PG-CIDR (0.03) compared to PG-No CIDR (P = 0.1; 0.10) and 7d CIDR (P = 0.06; 0.20). In addition, variance in dominant follicle size on d 0 was decreased in PG-CIDR (0.2) compared to PG-No CIDR (P < 0.01; 7.8) and 7d CIDR (P = 0.01; 5.1). For the project: Influence of initiating luteal regression prior to treatment with GnRH on fixed time AI fertility in beef heifers. Pregnancy success was 42% (115/265) for the 5-day CIDR and 64% (162/252) for the PG-CIDR. There were no differences (P > 0.10) between sires or technicians. For the project: Influence of initiating luteal regression prior to treatment with GnRH on ability to control follicular waves. When all cows were included there was no difference (P = 0.43) in the percentage of cows that ovulated in response to cysterolin or factrel (77% 41/53 vs. 71% 36/51). When only cows with follicles greater than 10 mm in diameter were included there was no difference (P = 0.40) in the percentage of cows that ovulated in response to cysterolin or factrel (82% 41/50 vs. 75% 36/48). More cows (P = 0.03) treated with the PG-CIDR protocol ovulated following the GnRH injection compared to the 5-day CIDR protocol when all cows were included [83% (43/52) and 64% (34/53); respectively). When only cows with follicles > 10 mm in diameter were included more (P = 0.03) PG-CIDR treated cows ovulated following the GnRH injection compared to the 5-day CIDR protocol [88% (43/49) and 69% (34/49); respectively). Among heifers when all were included there was no difference (P = 0.51) in the percentage that ovulated in response to cysterolin or factrel (44% 8/18 vs. 56% 10/18). When only heifers with follicles greater than 10 mm in diameter were included there was no difference (P = 0.61) in the percentage that ovulated in response to cysterolin or factrel (53% 8/15 vs. 63% 10/16). There was no difference in ovulatory response between heifers treated with the 7-day CIDR protocol or the PG-CIDR protocol [44% (8/18) vs. 56% (10/18) for all heifers respectively and 53% (8/15) vs. 63% (10/16) for heifers with > 10 mm respectively]. Future Work To investigate why some follicles do not ovulate in respone to an injection of GnRH. Mississippi State University Preliminary data indicate that replacing the first injection of GnRH with hCG in the Double-Ovsynch protocol does not affect conception rates in heifers (30.8 and 36.2%, respectively) or cows (23.4 and 23.0%, respectively). However, the number of CLs present on d 7 after treatment was increased (P < 0.05) in heifers (0.9 and 1.4) and cows (1.2 and 1.8) treated with hCG. Additional data are being collected to determine the effects of the presence of either a vasectomized bull or a sidewinder bull during the 21 days prior to AI. Future Work Additional data will be collected on Experiments 1 and 2 in this report. These two experiments will be repeated this coming fall. Additionally, a collaborative project with Drs. Stevenson and Lamb will be conducted this fall in dairy heifers to evaluate a 5-day CIDR protocol for synchronization of the estrous cycle. A collaborative project with Drs. Lamb and Dahlen will be conducted this fall and spring to evaluate a 72-hour calf removal protocol on conception rates as well as calf growth. Research will be conducted to evaluate the timing of insemination when using sex-sorted semen. Purdue Station Report Delivering PGF2a at CIDR insertion did not increase timed-AI pregnancy rates in replacement beef heifers. Using a CIDR insert three times in the 5 d CIDR protocols is feasible as circulating concentrations of progesterone remain greater than 1.0 ng/mL suggesting sufficient progesterone to prevent estrous and ovulation. Feeding DDGS as an energy source during late gestation and early in the postpartum period can impact fetal growth and result in increased calving difficulties. However, no negative impacts on reproductive performance were observed. Future Work Determine the impact of gonadotropin stimulation and follicle age on oocyte viability and competence. Impact of excessive CP supplementation on oocyte competence and early embryonic development Continue investigations into developing new and effective timed-AI protocols for beef heifers. Assessment and validation of molecular genetics tools for selection of replacement beef heifers. Objective 2: To characterize physiological mechanisms that regulate ovarian and uterine functions. Iowa State University Cellular protein transport and secretion is fundamental to the very existence of an organism, regulating important physiological functions such as reproduction, digestion, energy production, growth, neurotransmission, hormone release, water and ion transport, et cetera, all required for the survival and maintenance of homeostasis within an organism. Molecular understanding of transport and secretion of intracellular product, has therefore been of paramount importance and aggressively investigated for over six decades. Only in the last 20 years, the general molecular mechanism of the process has come to light, following discovery of key proteins involved in ER-Golgi transport, and discovery of the porosome the universal secretion machinery in cells. In cattle luteinizing hormone (LH) is released in a pulsatile pattern that depends on age, reproductive stage of the estrous cycle, pregnancy and postpartum and effects of other factors, i.e., leptin, nalaxone (an opiate antagonist, neuropeptide-Y). This indicates LH release is regulated by hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Estradiol treatment induces a preovulatory LH surge in cattle presumably by increasing pituitary sensitivity of hypothalamic GnRH and subsequent GnRH release. We hypothesize that neurosurgical isolation of the medial basal hypothalamus in beef heifer calves differentially affects estrogen-induced LH secretion. Results from this research indicate that there is a transient change in LH secretion after anterior hypothalamic or complete hypothalamic deafferentation in prepuberal heifers with intact ovaries. The integrity of the neural connection of the posterior hypothalamus is required for estrogen-induced LH release in beef heifers University of Kentucky Future Work Further studies will be conducted to determine if the timing of insemination can be optimized through the use of devices designed to sense core body temperature and motion. We will focus on accelerometer patterns during mounting events. University of Illinois Invited lecture: Towards use of microfluidics for individual embryo culture. January, 2010. International Embryo Transfer Society Annual Meeting, Cordoba, Argentina. Researchers have validated our gene expression results with functional studies which demonstrate that cellular redox pathways play a major role in porcine oocyte quality. Researchers have characterized the Ossabaw mini-pig as a valuable model of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), which may be used to study the disease mechanisms and ART applications. Researchers have determined that leptin and glucose interact during oocyte maturation to affect oocyte quality in conditions of obesity. Future Work Scientists continue to examine oocyte competency, develop our novel model for PCOS and elucidate the effects of obesity on ovarian steroidogenesis and oocyte quality. We plan to focus, in particular, on cellular redox pathways in the oocyte, how gene expression and pathway function is affected by multiple models of oocyte competence, and how this information can be used to influence oocyte quality after in vitro maturation. USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center Ultrasonographic measurements of the number of antral follicles, size of the ovaries, and diameter of the uterine horn in yearling heifers will be useful phenotypes in whole genome scans for identifying genetic markers of heifer fertility. Clustering analysis and pathway determination of genes involved in ovarian function and adiposity will aid in fine mapping functional polymorphisms that influence heifer fertility. Future Work Moving forward in the Germplasm Evaluation Project, yearling heifers (n = 1000/year beginning in 2010) will be evaluated for antral follicle counts, ovulatory status, ovary length and height, and uterine horn diameter. Genotypes will be determined using a combination of the 770K SNP Chip and the 50K SNP Chip. Measurements of adiposity, fatty acid profiles, and adipose RNA-sequencing will be included in evaluations of heifer development and fertility. Ovarian cortex from repeat-breeder and control cows will be submitted for RNA-sequencing to identify genes controlling the size of the ovarian reserve and ovarian development. South Dakota State University Uterine expression of Na+/H+ antiporters 1, 2, and 4 in beef cows following CIDR removal. Onset of estrus was determined by the HeatWatch Estrous Detection System from d 0 to d 5, and mean interval to estrus was 70.48 ± 1.74 h. There was no effect of estrus on expression of Na+/H+ antiporter 1, 2, or 4 (P = 0.43, 0.33, and 0.88, respectively). In addition there was no effect of time (P > 0.25, respectively), on expression of antiporter 4. Alternatively, there was an effect of time (P < 0.05 and P = 0.04) on antiporter 1 and 2 expression, and an estrus by time interaction (P = 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.04, respectively) on expression of antiporter 1, 2, and 4. Among cows that exhibited standing estrus, expression of antiporter 1 was decreased at 48 h compared to h 0 (P = 0.05), antiporter 2 expression was decreased at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 h compared to h 0 (P < 0.01), and antiporter 4 expression was decreased at 36, 48, and 60 h compared to h 0 (P < 0.02). Among cows that did not exhibit estrus, expression of antiporter 1, 2, and 4 did not change (P > 0.14, P > 0.35, and P > 0.06; respectively). Effect of ovulatory follicle size on luteal weight and steriodogenic enzyme expression. Cows that exhibited estrus tended (P=0.09) to have larger follicles than cows that did not exhibit estrus (15.3±0.8 and 13.7±0.4), but there was no difference (P=0.99) in d 10 luteal weight (5.0±0.7 and 5.0±0.4). Ovulatory follicle size tended (P=0.056) to have a positive correlation with luteal weight on d 10 (R-squared 0.18). For every one mm increase in ovulatory follicle size, d 10 luteal weight increased by 0.33 g. When ovulatory follicle size was grouped into small (<12 mm), medium (12-15.5 mm), and large (>15.5 mm) follicles, follicle size (P=0.04) and time (P<0.01) influenced concentrations of progesterone, and there tended to be a follicle size by time interaction (P=0.08). However, there was no effect of estrus (P=0.16), luteal weight (P=0.47), estrus by time (P=0.21), or luteal weight by time (P=0.50) interaction on circulating concentrations of progesterone. In addition, there was no effect of estrus, follicle size, or luteal weight on LH receptor expression (P=0.99, 0.87, and 0.85, respectively), StAR expression (P=0.35, 0.70, and 0.16, respectively), CYP11A1 expression (P=0.64, 0.74, and 0.69, respectively), or 3b-HSD expression (P=0.39, 0.11, and 0.69, respectively). Future Work To investigate the regulation of Na+/H+ antiporter and distribution of cell populations in CLs following GnRH induced ovulation. Ohio State University found that SVCT1 mRNA was not amplified to measureable levels during the standard curve validation. It is likely that there was limited SVCT1 message available for amplification. Certain tissues within the body are preferentially biased toward one specific SVCT transporter over another. We speculate that the CL may be one such tissue, and preferentially biased toward SVCT2. Further tests using a known SVCT1 biased tissue will be needed to confirm if this is true. SVCT2 was amplified to measureable concentrations during the standard curve validation (Fig.2.) Real time PCR of logarithmic serial dilutions of RNA resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the number of cycles needed to reach threshold (CT). To be valid, at least three of these dilutions need to have a consistent interval between CT values. We validated SVCT2 amplification by observing four consistent intervals corresponding to RNA concentrations of 200, 20, 2, and 0.2 ng/well. In the early luteal phase there was no effect of PGF2± treatment, or hour of collection, on the concentration of SVCT2 mRNA (Fig. 3). There was a significant increase in concentration of SVCT2 message as the CL aged from early to mid cycle (p< 0.01). PGF2± had no effect on mid cycle CL at 2h, but tended to decrease the concentration of SVCT2 mRNA at 24h (p=0.06). North Dakota State University Maternal diet can regulate progesterone catabolism and may impact fertility Maternal diet appear to influence uterine blood flow to the developing calf. Future Work: To determine the impacts of nutrition, specifically duration of undernutrition, during pregnancy on placental vascularity and vasoactivity, as well as offspring growth and reproductive development will be assessed.

Iowa State University Papers/Abstracts Lkhagvadorj, S., L. Qu, W. Cai, O.P. Couture, C.R. Barb, G.J. Hausman, D. Nettleton, L.L. Anderson, J.C.M. Dekkers, and C.K. Tuggle. 2009. Microarray gene expression profiles of fasting induced changes in liver and adipose tissues of pigs expressing the melanocortin-4 receptor D298N variant. Physiological Genomics 38:98-111. Lkhagvadorj, S., L. Qu, W. Cai, O.P. Couture, C.R. Barb, G.J. Hausman, D. Nettleton, L.L. Anderson, J.C.M. Dekkers, and C.K. Tuggle. 2009. Leptin mediates discriminate response to feed restriction in feed efficient pigs. Experimental Biology 2009. FASEB J. 23:1375 (New Orleans). Molina, J.R., A.M. Benoit, S. Lkhagvadorj, and L.L. Anderson. 2009. Hypothalamic deafferentation in prepuberal beef heifers: effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and estradiol benzoate on luteinizing hormone secretion. Livestock Science 120:13-24. Benoit, A.M., J.R. Molina, S. Lkhagvadorj, and L.L. Anderson. 2009. Prolactin secretion after hypothalamic deafferentation in beef calves: response to haloperidol, a-methyl-r-tyrosine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and ovariectomy. Animal Reproduction Science 111:54-68. Wilson, M.E. and L.L. Anderson. 2010. Mechanistic aspects of foetal development relating to postnatal health and metabolism in pigs. In: Managing Prenatal Development to Enhance Livestock Productivity. Edited by P. Greenwood and A. Bell. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria Springer Science & Business Media, B.V. Dordrecht. pp. 161-202. Cho, S.-J., J.-S. Lee, E.D. Mathias, C. Chang, G.J. Hickey, S. Lkhagvadorj, and L.L. Anderson. 2010. Pharmacology of intracerebroventricular and intravenous administration of growth hormone secretagogue, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y and galanin in pig: central and dose dependent effects on growth hormone secretion. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 151:412-419. Lkhagvadorj, S., L. Qu, W. Cai, O. Couture, C. Barb, G. Hausman, D. Nettleton, L.L. Anderson, J. Dekkers, and C. Tuggle. 2010. Gene expression profiling of the short-term adaptive response to acute caloric restriction in liver and adipose tissues of pigs differing in feed efficiency. American Journal of Physiology  Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 298:R494-R507. Barb, C.R., G.J. Hausman, R. Rekaya, C.A. Lents, S. Lkhagvadorj, L. Qu, W. Cai, O.P. Couture, L.L. Anderson, J.C.M. Dekkers, and C.K. Tuggle. 2010. Gene expression in hypothalamus, liver and adipose tissues and feed intake response to melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist in pigs expressing MC4R mutations. Physiological Genomics 41:254-268. Mathew, D., E. Sellner, C. Okamura, R. Geisert, L. Anderson, and M. Lucy. 2009. Effect of progesterone antagonist RU486 on uterine progesterone receptor mRNA expression, embryonic development and ovarian function during early pregnancy in pigs. In: Control of Pig Reproduction VIII. (Edited by: H. Rodriquez-Martinez, J.L. Vallet and A.J. Ziecik) Nottingham University Press, Nottingham NG11 OAX, UK, pp. 333-334. Anderson, L.L. 2010. Nanobiology of neuroendocrine secretion. BITs 1st Annual World Congress of NeuroTalk 2010. Track 1-5: Cell Biology of Neurons and Glia Cells. June 25-28, 2010, EXPO, Singapore, p. 61. Mathew, D.J., E.M. Sellner, C.S. Okamura, R.D. Geisert, L.L. Anderson, and M.C. Lucy. 2009. Effect of progesterone (P) antagonist RU486 on uterine progesterone receptor (PGR) mRNA expression, embryonic development and ovarian function during early pregnancy in pigs. 42nd Annual Meeting of ASAS Midwestern Section  ADSA Midwest Branch Meeting, March, 2009. Polk County Convention Center, Des Moines, IA. Abstract no. 78. pp 24-25. Anderson, L.L. 2009. Reproductive biology of pigs. Animal Industry Report A.S. Leaflet R-2443. Wilhelms, K.W., K.F. Fitzpatrick, C.G. Scanes, and L.L. Anderson. 2010. In ovo exposure to atrazine on circulating reproductive hormones and gonadal histology in Japanese quail. Animal Industry Report. A.S. Leaflet R-2536. Lkhagvadorj, S., L. Qu, W. Cai, O. Couture, L. Anderson, J. Dekkers, D. Nettleson, and C. Tuggle. 2010. Transcriptional profiling of the caloric restriction in key metabolic tissues of pigs differing in feed efficiency. Animal Industry Report. A.S. Leaflet R-2558. University of Kentucky: Reames, P.S., T.B. Hatler, S.H. Hayes, D.L. Ray and W.J. Silvia. 2010. Differential regulation of estrous behavior and luteinizing hormone secretion by estradiol-17b in ovariectomized dairy cows. Theriogenology. King, S.S., B.L. Douglas, J.F. Roser, W.J. Silvia and K.L. Jones. 2010. Differential luteolytic function between the physiological breeding season, autumn transition and persistent winter cyclicity in the mare. Animal Reproduction Science 117:232-240. University of Illinois Manuscripts Yuan, Y., Krisher, R.L. (2009) Effect of ammonium during in vitro maturation on porcine oocyte nuclear maturation and subsequent embryonic development. Animal Reproduction Science 117:302-307. doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.05.012. Paczkowski, M., Krisher R.L. (2010) Aberrant Protein Expression is Associated with Decreased Developmental Potential in Porcine Oocytes. Molecular Reproduction and Development 77:51-58. Published Online: 2 Sep 2009; DOI 10.1002/mrd.21102. Krisher, R.L. and Wheeler, M.B. (2010). Towards use of microfluidics for individual embryo culture. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22:32-39. Boutelle, S., Lenahan, K., Krisher, R.L., Bauman, K.L., Asa, C.S., Silber, S. (Accepted) Vitrification of oocytes from endangered Mexican gray wolves (Canis lupus baileyi). Theriogenology. Paczkowski, M., Yuan, Y., Fleming-Waddell, J., Bidwell, C., Spurlock, D., Krisher, R.L. (submitted) Alterations in the transcriptome of porcine oocytes derived from prepubertal and adult females is correlated with developmental potential. Theriogenology. Abstracts Paczkowski, M., Fleming-Waddell, J., Bidwell, C.A., Krisher, R.L. (2009) Maternal Age Alters Fetal and Placental Development and Expression of Methylated Genes. Reprod Fertil Dev. 21(1):194 (abstr. 191). Silva, E., Krisher, R. (2009) Leptin and Glucose Influence Porcine Nuclear Maturation. Reprod Fertil Dev. 21(1):226 (abstr. 256). Yuan, Y., R.L. Krisher. (2009). Glutaredoxin pathway genes are differentially expressed in mature porcine oocytes with varying developmental potentials. Biology of Reproduction 81 (Suppl. 1): 370. Ohlweiler, L.U., Mezzalira, J.C., Monaco, E., Mezzalira, A., Bertolini, M., Wilson, S.M., Ringwelski, J., Krisher, R.L., Rund, L., Wheeler, M.B. (2010) Pregnancy outcome after oviductal transfer of zona free 1 cell stage porcine embryos produced by hand made cloning. Reproduction Fertility and Development 22(1):194 (abst. 72). Mezzalira, J.C., Ohlweiler, L.U., Massie, A., Monaco, E., Silva, E.P., Yuan, Y., Mezzalira, A., Bertolini, M, Krisher, R.L., Wheeler, M.B. (2010) Effects of cell type, pre-activation protocol and culture conditions on development of porcine hand made cloned embryos. Reproduction Fertility and Development 22(1):193 (abst. 69). Yuan, Y., Paczkowski, M., Krisher, R.L. (2010) Identification of Developmental Competence Related Genes in Mature Porcine Oocytes. Biology of Reproduction 83 (Suppl 1):87 (abstract 390). Silva, E., Paczkowski, M., Krisher, R.L. (2010) Effect of leptin on porcine oocyte nuclear maturation under conditions of hyperglycemia. Biology of Reproduction 83 (Suppl 1):127 (abstract 563). Kansas State University Journal Articles and Abstracts Dahlen, C.R., S.L. Bird, C.A. Martel, KC Olson, J.S. Stevenson, and G.C. Lamb. 2010. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin 7 days after fixed-time AI of suckled beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. .88:2337-2345. Chebel, R.C., M. J. Al-Hassan, P. M. Fricke, J.E.P. Santos, J. R. Lima, C. A. Martel, J. S. Stevenson, R. Garcia, R. L. Ax, and F. Moreira. 2010. Supplementation of progesterone via CIDR inserts during ovulation synchronization protocols in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93:922-931. Stevenson, J.S., and A.P. Phatak. 2010. Rates of luteolysis and pregnancy in dairy cows after treatment with cloprostenol or dinoprost. Theriogenology 73:1127-1138. Buttrey, B. S., M. G. Burns, and J. S. Stevenson. 2009. Ovulation and pregnancy outcomes in response to human chorionic gonadotropin before resynchronized ovulation in dairy cattle. Theriogenology 73:449-459. Lamb, G. C. C. R. Dahlen, J. E. Larson, G. Marquezini, and J. S. Stevenson. 2010. Control of the estrous cycle to improve fertility for fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) in beef cattle: A review. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E. Suppl.):E181-E192. Stevenson, J. S., and C. A. Martel. 2009. Resynchronized ovulation in lactating dairy cattle of unknown pregnancy: Occurrence and timing of gonadotropin-releasing hormone. Prof. Anim. Sci. 25:605-609. Dobbins, C. A., D. E. Eborn, D. E. Tenhouse, R. M. Breiner, S. K. Johnson, T. T. Marston, and J. S. Stevenson. 2009. Insemination timing affects pregnancy rates in beef cows treated with CO-Synch protocol including an intravaginal progesterone insert. Theriogenology 72:10091016. Stevenson, J.S. 2010. Alternative protocols to presynchronize estrous cycles in dairy cattle before a timed AI program. J. Dairy Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 1.):218 (Abstr.). Wallace, L.D., S. L. Pulley, KC Olson, J.R. Jaeger, J.W. Bolte, S.K. Johnson, L.A. Pacheco, K. Bischoff, T. Loyd, G.C. Lamb, and J. S. Stevenson. 2010. Timed AI pregnancy rates in suckled beef cows in response to equine chorionic gonadotropin. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 2):392 (Abstr.). Wallace, L.D., C.A. Breiner, R.A. Breiner, and J. S. Stevenson. 2010. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin to embryo transfer recipients increased ovulation, progesterone, and transfer pregnancy rates. J. Anim. Sci. 88(E-Suppl. 2):397-398 (Abstr.). Thesis Wallace, L.D. 2010. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin to embryo transfer recipients increased ovulation, progesterone, and transfer pregnancy rates. M.S. thesis, Kansas State University, 56 p. USDA-ARS U.S. Meat Animal Research Center Peer Reviewed Manuscripts and Abstracts McFee R, Pohlmeier W, Smith J, Kerl J, Slattery R, Clopton D, Wood J, Cushman R, Cupp A. Follicle size and volume is less indicative of development of a persistent follicle in beef heifers. Biol. Reprod. 2010 (Special Issue Abstr.). Cushman RA, Allan MF, McDaneld TG, Kuehn LA, Rempel LA, Lindholm-Perry AK, Snelling WM, Freetly HC. Using growth traits and adipose function to identify indicators of heifer fertility. 8th International Ruminant Reproduction Symposium, 2010 (Abstr.). Cushman RA, Miles JR, Echternkamp SE. Reproductive tract differences in repeat-breeder cows. J. Anim. Sci. 2010 88(E-Suppl. 2 Abstr.). Echternkamp SE, Cushman RA, Ferrell CL. Effect of dietary energy on ovarian development and fertility in postpuberal beef heifers. J Anim. Sci 2010 88(E-Suppl. 2 Abstr.). University of Wisconsin-Madison Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles Hackbart, K. S., R. M. Ferreira, A. A. Dietsche, M. T. Socha, R. D. Shaver, M. C. Wiltbank, and P. M. Fricke. Effect of organic zinc, manganese, copper, and cobalt on milk production, follicular growth, embryo quality, and tissue mineral concentrations in dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. (accepted 08-19-10). Bork, N. R., J. W. Schroeder, G. P. Lardy, K. A. Vonnahme, M. L. Bauer, D. S. Buchanan, R. D. Shaver, and P. M. Fricke. 2010. Effect of feeding rolled flaxseed on milk fatty acid profiles and reproductive performance of dairy cows. J. Anim. Sci. (In press). Published online July 9, 2010. Grummer, R. R., M. C. Wiltbank, P. M. Fricke, R. D. Watters, and N. Silva del Rio. 2010. Management of dry and transition cows to improve energy balance and reproduction. J. Reprod. Dev. 56:S22-S28. Silva del Río, N., P. M. Fricke, and R. R. Grummer. 2010. Effects of twin pregnancy and dry period feeding strategy on milk production, energy balance and metabolic profiles in Holstein cows. J. Anim. Sci. 88:1048-1060. Chebel, R. C., M. J. Al-Hassan, P. M. Fricke, J. E. P. Santos, J. R. Lima, C. A. Martel, J. S. Stevenson, R. Garcia, and R. L. Ax. 2010. Supplementation of progesterone via CIDR inserts during ovulation synchronization protocols in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93:922-931. Abstracts presented at scientific meetings Giordano, J. O., J. N. Guenther, G. Lopes, M. F. McGrath, and P. M. Fricke. 2010. Serum pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) and progesterone concentrations after induction of pregnancy loss at Day 39 of gestation in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 1):81. Giordano, J. O., J. N. Guenther, M. S. Ares, M. C. Wiltbank, and P. M. Fricke. 2010. Presynchronization with hCG 7 d before initiation of Resynch improves fertility similar to a Double-Ovsynch Resynch protocol in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 1):219. Giordano, J. O., J. N. Guenther, G. Lopes Jr., M. M. Herlihy, A. B. Nascimento, M. C. Wiltbank, and P. M. Fricke. 2010. Effect of presynchronization with GnRH or hCG 7 d before resynchronization of ovulation initiated 25 d after a previous timed AI on fertility of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 1):676. Giordano, J. O., P. M. Fricke, M. C. Wiltbank, and V. E. Cabrera. 2010. A stochastic evaluation reproductive management programs for dairy herds. J. Dairy Sci. 93(E-Suppl. 1):752. Giordano, J. O., P. M. Fricke, M. C. Wiltbank, and V. E. Cabrera. 2010. An economic decision-making model for comparing reproductive management programs in dairy herds. Midwest ADSA. South Dakota State University Manuscripts Sá Filho, M. F., A. M. Crespilho, J. E. P. Santos, G. A. Perry, and P. S. Baruselli. 2010. Ovulatory follicle diameter at timed insemination and estrous response influence likelyhood of ovulation and pregnancy after estrous synchronization with progesterone and progestin-based protocols in suckled suckled Bos indicus cows. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 120:23-30. Garverick, H. A., J. L. Juengel, P. Smith, D. A. Heath, M. N. Burkhart, J. L. Schenk, G. A. Perry, M. F. Smith, K. P. McNatty. 2010. Development of the ovary and ontogeny of mRNA and protein expression of P450 aromatase (arom) and estrogen receptors (ER) alpha and beta during early fetal life in cattle. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 117:24-33. Burkhart, M. N., J. L. Juengel, P. R. Smith, D. A. Heath, G. A. Perry, M. F. Smith and H. A. Garverick. 2010. Morphological development and characterization of aromatase and estrogen receptors alpha and beta in fetal ovaries of cattle from days 110 to 250. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 117:43-54. Abstracts Grant, J. K., and G. A. Perry. 2010. Uterine expression of Na+/H+ antiporters 1, 2, and 4 in beef cows following CIDR removal. 8th International Ruminant Reproduction Symposium. Perry, G. A., K. L. Gebhart, B. L. Perry, M. G. Gonda, C. L. Wright, and R. C. Bott. 2010. Effect of ovulatory follicle size on luteal weight and steriodogenic enzyme expression. 8th International Ruminant Reproduction Symposium. Jinks, E. M., J. A. Atkins, K. G. Pohler, M. F. Smith, G. A. Perry, M. D. MacNeil, and T. W. Geary. 2010. Factors affecting preovulatory concentrations of estradiol and its role in establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in suckled beef cows using reciprocal embryo transfer. 8th International Ruminant Reproduction Symposium. Grant, J. K., F. M. Abreu, and G. A. Perry. 2010. Influence of luteal regression prior to GnRH on LH pulse frequency and synchrony of follicular growth. J. Anim. Sci. Perry, G. A., B. L. Perry, and J. H. Krantz. 2010. Influence of inducing luteal regression prior to a fixed-time AI CIDR protocol in postpartum beef cows on pregnancy success. J. Anim. Sci. Johnson, S. K., R.N. Funston, J. B. Hall, D. J. Kesler, J. W. Lauderdale, G. C. Lamb, D. J. Patterson, G. A. Perry, and D. R. Strohbehn. 2010. Multi-state Beef Reproduction Task Force provides science based recommendations for the application of reproductive technologies. J. Anim. Sci. Olenich, S. A., X. Fang, L. A. Hoff, J. A. Walker, K. C. Olson, G. A. Perry, and M. G. Gonda. 2010. Partial characterization of bovine Complement Receptor-2 (CR2) in Angus cattle. J. Anim. Sci. Fang, X., L. A. Hoff, J. A. Walker, K. C. Olson, G. A. Perry, J. X. Wu, C. Maltecca, and M. G. Gonda. 2010. No evidence for association between leptin polymorphism C.73 C>T and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) vaccine response. J. Anim. Sci. Gebhart, K. L., B. L. Perry, M. G. Gonda, C. L. Wright, R. C. Bott, and G. A. Perry. 2010. Effect of standing estrus prior to an injection of GnRH on steriodogenic enzyme expression in luteal tissue. J. Anim Sci. (Midwest) Camacho, L. E., A .M. Meyer, D. M. Hallford, G. A. Perry, D. A. Redmer, L. P. Reynolds, J. S. Caton, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Effects of nutritional plane and dietary selenium during gestation on serum prolactin (PRL) and estradiol-17² (E2) in ewe lambs during pregnancy and lactation. J. Anim Sci. (Midwest) Mississippi State University Journal Articles Larson, J. E., R. L. Krisher, and G. C. Lamb. 2010. Effects of supplemental progesterone on the development, metabolism, and blastocyst cell number of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Reprod. Fert. Devl. Romano, J. E. and J. E. Larson. 2010. Accuracy of pregnancy specific protein-B test for early pregnancy diagnosis in dairy cattle. Theriogenology (doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.04.018). Lamb, G. C., C. R. Dahlen, J. E. Larson, G. H. Marquezini, and J. S. Stevenson. 2010. Control of the estrous cycle to improve fertility for fixed-time artificial insemination in beef cattle: A review. J. Anim Sci. 88:E181-E192. Larson, J. E., G. C. Lamb, B. J. Funnell, S. Bird, A. Martins, and J. C. Rodgers. 2010. Embryo production in superovulated Angus cows inseminated four times with sexed- sorted or conventional, frozen-thawed semen. Theriogenology 73(5):698-703. Abstracts Presented at Scientific Meetings Larson, J. E., R. L. Krisher, and G. C. Lamb. 2010. Effects of supplemental progesterone during culture on the development, metabolism, and blastocyst cell number of bovine embryos produced by in vitro maturation, fertilization, and culture. Proc. American Society of Animal Science Southern Branch: 20 (Abstr.) Research Reports Binversie, J. A. and J. E. Larson. 2010. Modifying the Double-Ovsynch protocol to include human chorionic gonadotropin to synchronize estrus in dairy cows and heifers. Mississippi State University Animal and Dairy Sciences Department Report 2010. Extension Publications Parish, J. A., J. E. Larson, and R. C. Vann. 2010. The Estrous Cycle of Cattle. Publication 2616. Extension Service of Mississippi State University. Parish, J. A., J. E. Larson, and R. C. Vann. 2010. Estrus (Heat) Detection in Cattle. Publication 2610. Extension Service of Mississippi State University. Parish, J. A., J. E. Larson, and R. C. Vann. 2010. Estrus Synchronization in Cattle. Publication 2614. Extension Service of Mississippi State University. Parish, J. A., J. E. Larson, and R. C. Vann. 2010. Reproductive Management of Beef Cattle Herds. Publication 2615. Extension Service of Mississippi State University. Ohio State University Percha, K. 2010. The Effect of PGF2± on the Expression of Sodium Dependent Vitamin C Transporters in Early vs. Mid-Cycle Corpora Lutea of Sheep. The Ohio State University, Honors Thesis, Advisor: Ottobre, Joseph. The Knowledge Bank at OSU. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/45598 Purdue Journal Articles and Abstracts Day, M.L., M.L. Mussard, G.A. Bridges, and C.R. Burke. 2010. Controlling the dominant follicle in beef cattle to improve estrous synchronization and early embryonic development. Reproduction in Domestic Ruminants VII. B.L. Sparks, S.L. Lake, J. Berry, K. Heaton, R.P. Lemenager, L.A. Horstman, K.S. Fisher, P.J. Gunn, and G.A. Bridges. 2010. Effect of PGF2± administration at CIDR insertion on AI pregnancy rates in beef heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (Suppl. 1): Abst 845. L.H. Cruppe, L.A. Souto, M. Maquivar, P. Gunn, M.L. Mussard, D. Wolfenson, A. V. Pires, G.A. Bridges, and M.L. Day. 2010. Use of two coincident doses of PGF2± with the 5-d CO-Synch + CIDR estrous synchronization program. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (Suppl. 1): Abst 849. K.S. Fisher, T.S. Stewart, P.H. Purdy, H.D. Blackburn, W.L. Singleton, B.L. Sparks, P.J. Gunn, and G.A. Bridges. 2010. Reproductive performance of sows inseminated with various doses of frozen-thawed semen. J. Anim. Sci. 88 (Suppl. 1): Abst 991. G.A. Bridges, B.L. Sparks, P.J. Gunn, and K.S. Fisher. 2010. Impact of reduced progesterone during the follicular wave on ovulatory follicle diameter and progesterone concentrations in the subsequent estrous cycle. Abstr. M34. Presented at the 8th International Ruminant Reproduction Symposium, September 3-7, 2010, Anchorage, AK Thesis Sparks, B.L. M.S. Impact of reducing progesterone concentrations during the follicle development on follicular dynamics, steroidogenesis, and fertility in beef heifers. Fisher, K.S. M.S. Methods to improve the utilization and preservation of gametes in swine. North Dakota State University Neville, T. L., J.S. Caton, C.J. Hammer, J.J. Reed, J.S. Luther, J.B. Taylor, D.A. Redmer, L.P. Reynolds and K.A. Vonnahme 2010. Ovine offspring growth and diet digestibility are influenced by maternal Se supplementation and nutritional intake level during pregnancy despite a common postnatal diet. Journal of Animal Science. Epub ahead of print: http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/jas.2009-2666v1. Lemley, C.O., K.A. Vonnahme, L.R. Tager, K.M. Krause, M.E. Wilson. 2010. Diet-induced alterations in hepatic progesterone (P4) catabolic enzyme activity and P4 clearance rate in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Endocrinology. Epub ahead of print: http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/cgi/reprint/JOE-10-0042v1 Neville, T.L., D.A. Redmer, P.P. Borowicz, J.J. Reed, M.A. Ward, M.L. Johnson, J.B. Taylor, S.A. Soto-Navarro, K.A. Vonnahme, L.P. Reynolds, and J.S. Caton. 2010. Maternal dietary restriction and selenium supply alters messenger ribonucleic acid expression of angiogenic factors in maternal intestine, mammary gland, and fetal jejunal tissues during late gestation in pregnant ewe lambs. Journal of Animal Science. Accepted. Epub ahead of print: http://jas.fass.org/cgi/content/full/88/8/2692 Meyer, A.M., J.J. Reed, K.A. Vonnahme, S. A. Soto-Navarro, L. P. Reynolds, S. P. Ford, B. W. Hess, and J. S. Caton. 2010. Effects of stage of gestation and nutrient restriction during early to mid-gestation on maternal and fetal visceral organ mass and indices of jejunal growth and vascularity in beef cows. Journal of Animal Science. Epub ahead of print: http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/jas.2009-2220v1 Bork, N.R., J.W. Schroeder, G.P. Lardy, K.A. Vonnahme, M.L. Bauer, R.D. Shaver, and P.M. Fricke. 2010. Effect of Feeding Rolled Flaxseed on Milk Fatty Acid Profiles and Reproductive Performance of Dairy Cows. Journal of Animal Science. Accepted. Epub ahead of print: http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/jas.2010-2841v1 Meyer, A.M., J.J. Reed, T.L Neville, J.B. Taylor, C.J. Hammer, L.P. Reynolds, D.A. Redmer, K.A. Vonnahme, and J.S. Caton. 2010. Effects of nutritional plane and selenium supply during gestation on ewe and neonatal offspring performance, body composition, and serum selenium. Journal of Animal Science. 88:1786-1800. Knox, R.V., M. L. Day, G.S. Lewis, M.C. Lucy and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Triennial Reproduction Symposium: Challenges and opportunities facing livestock reproduction in the 21st century. Journal of Animal Science. 88(13 suppl): E193-E194. Funston, R.N., D.L. Larson, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Impacts of maternal nutrition on conceptus growth and offspring performance: Implications for beef cattle production. Journal of Animal Science Invited review. 88(13 suppl):E205-E215. Reynolds, L.P., P.P Borowicz, J.S. Caton, K.A. Vonnahme, J.S. Luther, C.J. Hammer, K.R. Maddock Carlin, A.T. Grazul-Bilska, and D.A. Redmer. 2010. Developmental programming: The concept, large animal models, and the key role of utero-placental vascular development. Journal of Animal Science. Invited review. 88(13 suppl.): E61-E72. Reynolds L. P., P. P Borowicz, J. S. Caton, K. A. Vonnahme, J. S. Luther, D. S. Buchanan, S. A. Hafez, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, and D. A. Redmer. 2010. Utero-placental vascular development and placental function: An update. Invited review. Internat J. Develop. Biol., Special Issue Placental Developmental Biology, JS Hunt and KL Thornburg (eds.); 54:355-366. Lekatz, L.A., J.S. Caton, J.B. Taylor, L.P. Reynolds, D.A. Redmer, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Maternal selenium supplementation and timing of nutrient restriction in pregnant sheep: Impacts on maternal endocrine status and placental characteristics. Journal of Animal Science. 88:955-971. Lekatz, L. A., M. A. Ward, P. P. Borowicz, J. B. Taylor, D. A. Redmer, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, L. P. Reynolds, J. S. Caton, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Cotyledonary responses to maternal selenium and dietary restriction may influence alterations in fetal weight and fetal liver glycogen in sheep. Animal Reproduction Science. 117:216-225. Abstracts Camacho, L. E., L. A. Lekatz, M. L. VanEnom, C. S. Schauer, K. R. Maddock Carlin, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Effects of maternal metabolizable protein supplementation in late gestation on uterine and umbilical blood flows in sheep. American Society of Animal Science. Neville, T. L., L. A. Lekatz, T. J. Swanson, M. L. Van Emon, C. S. Schauer, K. R. Maddock Carlin, C. J. Hammer, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Effects of maternal metabolizable protein supply on fetal organ weights. American Society of Animal Science. Lekatz, L. A., M. L. Van Emon, P. K. Shukla, S. T. O'Rourke, C. S. Schauer, K. M. Carlin, K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Influence of metabolizable protein supplementation during late gestation on vasoreactivity of maternal and fetal placental arteries in sheep. American Society of Animal Science. Swanson, T. J., L. A. Lekatz, T. L. Neville, M. L. Van Enom, C. S. Schauer, K. R. Maddock Carlin, C. J. Hammer, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2010. Effects of late gestation metabolizable protein (MP) supplementation on ewe organ and blood parameters. American Society of Animal Science. Magolski, J. D., W. L. Keller, T. M. Jeske, C. A. Schwartz, L. A. Lekatz, J. D. Kirsch, C. S. Schauer, K. A. Vonnahme, K. R. Maddock-Carlin. 2010. Effects of maternal metabolizable protein supplementation during late gestation on ovine fetal muscle calpain and calpastatin activities. American Society of Animal Science