Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Meeting was called to order by the committee chair at 8:00 am. After brief introductory remarks describing the purpose of the meeting, chair invited the project administrative advisor, Dr. Lacewell to address the committee. ADMINISTRATIVE ADVISORS COMMENTS: "Reminded the committee that the new project should be written and approved by September 2012, when the current one expires. Would like to have the minutes of the business meeting and annual report within 60 days of meeting. "Urged committee to focus on the critical issue of writing a new project proposal and encouraged the membership to form a writing committee to perform the task. "Committee needs to think about national awards to compete for recognition of exemplary work  an example given was a submission this year by S1032 PRESENTATIONS After the administrative advisors comments, the following three presentations on some emerging issues were made to the committee: "Sustainable Animal Barn Design (Dr. Larry Jacobson, University of Minnesota) "Challenges in Engineering Systems Related to Animal Husbandry: A Focus on Animal Welfare (Dr. Angela Green, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ) "NIFA Climate Change funding programs (Mary Ann Rozum, USDA-NIFA) ELECTION OF SECRETARY: Rick Stowell, University of Nebraska was elected as secretary for the 2011-2012 project year. OTHER COMMITTEE OFFICERS: Richard Gates  Chair; Jactone Arogo Ogejo  Vice Chair and Lingying Zhao  past chair. S1025 COMMITTEE MEETING, 2012: "Agreed to meet at the same location as S1032. The meetings should overlap and not run concurrently. "Meeting location: Michigan State University. Dr. Wendy Powers will be the host. "Meeting date: to be decided but suggestion was for between May 14 and May 31, 2012. NEW PROJECT WRITING TEAM Following members were appointed to lead the writing of the new project. " Ken Casey " Rich Gates (Lead) " Lingying Zhao " Lingjuan Wang-Li " Jactone Arogo Ogejo " Wendy Powers " Rick Stowell

PROJECT OBJECTIVES 1. Develop and improve sustainable technologies and systems to measure, model and control indoor air quality and reduce air pollution emissions from poultry and livestock buildings. 2. Quantify animal response to thermal environments, develop and improve methods for providing productive thermal environments without degrading air quality or sustainability. 3. Develop and improve methods of optimizing energy and resource utilization in poultry and livestock facilities to increase profitability without degrading air quality or animal well being. Most activities for the year 2010 reporting period focused on the objective 1. Objectives 2 and 3 are either in planning stages or implemented by a couple of stations for the year 2011. COLLABORATION The issues associated with air pollutant emissions from animal feeding operations are complex and a growing concern nationally. The S1025 membership, during this reporting period used multi-disciplinary and multistate collaborative approaches, involving scientists and engineers of same institution with complementary expertise and at different institutions with same expertise, have been widely used to effectively address the concerns. NAEMS study is a very good example of the collaborative efforts. Many small scale collaborations between two or three institutions or states as shown in the following accomplishment section have also been documented to be a common and effective approach for development of air emission control technologies. Determination of air emission factors, quantification of the beneficial effects of air emission control technologies, and development of cost-effective solutions can best be accomplished by the collaborative efforts of the multi-disciplinary and multi-state professionals familiar with animal feeding operation systems. ACCOMPLISHMENTS Specific accomplishments for the reporting period included: OBJECTIVE 1: DEVELOP AND IMPROVE SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES AND SYSTEMS TO MEASURE, MODEL AND CONTROL INDOOR AIR QUALITY AND REDUCE AIR POLLUTION EMISSIONS FROM POULTRY AND LIVESTOCK BUILDINGS " (OH, MI, MN) Engaged in projects related to systems for controlling air pollutant emissions and indoor environments. The indoor thermal environment of three swine finishing barns in Michigan were monitored to develop preventive measures to manage the prevalence of salmonella in swine facilities. The data collected were used to refine a wireless sensor network for monitoring indoor environment for swine production facilities. Also, an electrostatic precipitator (ESP) for poultry barn dust control was developed. Poultry dust were collected and characterized for development of the ESP. CFD simulation and field ESP performance tests will be conducted. With funding from the USDA Higher Education Challenge Grant, curricula for two of the four courses for agricultural air emissions and air/water interface science and b) animal manure management and technology were developed and peer reviewed. The courses materials were further developed into distance learning materials and were offered in spring of 2010 and student and peer evaluations conducted in late 2010. Work on the development of wet scrubbers to recover ammonia emissions from animal feeding operations continued. Limited field tests were conducted on one wet scrubber for covered manure storage at University Minnesota; a wet scrubber was installed at a commercial poultry composting facility in July of 2010 for long-term field performance tests; and a wet scrubber for a swine pit building was developed and tested in lab. An ammonia absorption model was underdevelopment. Field measurement campaign was conducted in August of 2010 to evaluate PM emission and dispersion data were collected from an Ohio poultry barn by researchers of University of Iowa and the Ohio State University to feed into a large eddy simulations model of PM dispersions from CAFOs. An on-farm tool for management of nitrogen nutrient loss and NH3 emission from animal manure was developed based on an innovative mass balance approach for livestock facilities. The study focused on dairy and poultry layer production systems and resulted in a web-based and producer friendly decision support tool and several journal and conference papers. " (SD, MN) Developed a novel design for a swine barn that cleans, conditions and recirculates swine barn air was developed. This new design theoretically improves the thermal environment and improves air quality from grow-finish swine facilities; and also improves feed utilization for swine facilities while reducing air emissions This design was presented in a conference presentation. " (AR, SD, NE) Use of vegetative buffer and shelterbelts to mitigate pollution from CAFOs were studied is several stations. In AR, vegetative buffer consisted of four rows of evergreen and deciduous trees/tall bushes were planted downwind of four tunnel ventilation fans. Windbreak walls (10 ft by 40 ft) consisting of 5 panels of shade cloth material fastened to steel posts 20 feet away from the bank of tunnel fans was installed on the same farm. Seven wind vanes and anemometers were installed in the vicinity of the structural windbreak wall to quantify the local wind pattern. Smoke bomb tests were conducted to depict wind pattern as affected by the windbreak. Guidelines and recommendation of design and maintenance for vegetation and structural windbreak have been developed to assist local livestock producers in adopting these affordable, cost-effective technologies. Collaborative work between SD and NE used data from previous studies to develop a sub-model to demonstrate the effectiveness of shelter belts to reduce downwind odor/gas concentrations. The model is to be used in conjunction with the odor footprint model. The emerging results show hydrogen sulfide concentrations change with addition of shelterbelts. Modeling work is ongoing. " (AR, MN, MO, NC, SD) Several stations are working collaboratively or individually on bioscrubbers looking at the different design parameters on the effectiveness of scrubbers to reduce pollution from barns in animal feeding operations. Vertical biofilters are being evaluated, moisture, biofilter media, retention time, C:N ratio, and ammonia concentration. At NC a biofilter was designed to treat the pit ventilation exhaust from a swine finishing barn. The biofilter was evaluated for NH3, methane, and nitrous oxide removal efficiency during summer, fall, and winter. With an empty bed residence time (EBRTs) of 10 s, it was most effective in reducing ammonia emissions while it is only moderately effective in reducing methane and nitrous oxide emissions. Additional monitoring is underway to evaluate its impact on selected volatile organic gases. In AR, six lab scale biofilters were constructed and tested to understand the ammonia removal from air as affected by retention time, C:N ratio, ammonia concentration, and biofilter media composition. Preliminary data indicate over 99% of ammonia removal during the first three months of operation. The moisture content of the filter media varied between 40 and 60% by weight during this period and the retention times were 60-78 seconds. The biofilter with higher C:N ratios of 40 and 50 reached the max performance faster than the biofilters with a C:N ratio of 30. In MN, a 24-h air sampling method for testing the effectiveness of mitigation technologies was developed. The portable units fill 50 L air sample bags over 24-hour sampling periods for later analysis with gas analyzers in a laboratory. The portable 24-h sampling units were used in this study to collect air samples four times from eight existing biofilters located in western and southeastern Minnesota. The purpose of the study was to measure H2S, SO2, NH3, CH4 and N2O reduction efficiencies of full-scale biofilters used by dairy and swine producers. The biofilter media characteristics (age, media depth, porosity, density, particle size, water absorption capacity, and pressure drop) and the biofilters ability to reduce gases were assessed. Collaborative (SD, MN, MO) work on the vertical biofilter on a tunnelventilated building along with a moisture sensor is ongoing. " (MI) Researchers at Michigan State University cooperated with researchers at the University of Maryland and Purdue University to demonstrate effective diet modification strategies to reduce air emissions while maintaining animal performance and reasonable diet costs. Studies were conducted to evaluate low emission diets in turkey toms and laying hens. Excreta from each species were collected and used for additional post-excretion amendment studies. This project, demonstrated that by changing the diet, manure composition can be altered, resulting in a change in emissions from the manure and, ultimately, the livestock facility. In order to estimate emissions it may prove useful to be able to consider how diet impacts emissions and identify key dietary predictors for emissions of specific gases. Findings have been compiled with the objective of identifying key nutritional characteristics to explain changes in emissions of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, within and across species. Since the last reporting period we have focused on emissions from cattle and cattle feeding areas. Emphasis has been placed on feeding of distillers dried grains plus solubles (DDGs) on emissions from cattle, with particular interest in hydrogen sulfide emissions. Cross et al. (2010) reported from our work that cattle fed diets containing 40% DDGs diets resulted in increased ammonia emission (5.44 g/d vs. 11.73 g/d for the 0% DDGs diet compared to the 40% DDGs diets; SEM=1.34; P = 0.01) and hydrogen sulfide (16.41 mg/d vs. 183.45 mg/d for the 0% DDGs diet compared to the 40% DDGs diets; SEM=40.30; P = 0.03). Dietary addition of Cu and Mo did not mitigate hydrogen sulfide emissions. No diet effect was observed for methane emissions (25.04 g/d; SEM=2.49; P>0.05). Separating feces from urine reduced ammonia and hydrogen sulfide emissions from exhausted room air. Most hydrogen sulfide (>100 %) and ammonia (88.2 %) emissions were from the manure and not eructated by the animal. Most methane emissions were due to eructation (>100 %). " (AR) Alternative cooling systems of broiler chickens were evaluated in two tunnel-ventilated commercial broiler houses during summers of 2009 and 2010 in NW Arkansas, and compared with two evaporative-cooled houses on the same farm. Direct surface wetting by overhead sprinkling (operated at 40 psi) achieved satisfactory cooling of birds. Bird performance including feed conversion, livability, and live weights from sprinkler cooling houses and conventional evaporative cooling houses were not significantly different. Sprinkler cooling houses saved at least 62% of water used by evaporative cooling houses, but consumed equivalent amount of electricity for fan operations. Litter conditions from the sprinkler cooling houses were equivalent with the evaporative cooling houses. Air in the sprinkler cooled houses was warmer but drier than that of the evaporative cooled houses. " (IL) The Bioenvironmental Structural Systems (BESS) Lab at the University of Illinois provides the public with a database of Agricultural Ventilation Fans, Performance and Efficiencies, which is updated annually (http://bess.illinois.edu/). The database includes performance data for over 800 commercially available ventilation. Designers of poultry and livestock buildings can make an optimal selection of ventilation fans based on the data in the database for ventilation system energy efficiency and healthy indoor air quality. Building operators can learn about actual ventilation rates and power usage. The BESS Lab also calibrates airflow measurement instruments used in poultry and livestock buildings. Airflow rate accuracy is critical when calculating emission rates of gaseous pollutants from intensive poultry and livestock housing. We have calibrated Fan Assessment Numeration Systems (FANS) for the following universities: University of Kentucky, Texas A&M University, Iowa State University, University of Minnesota, Pennsylvania State University and Purdue University " (AL, VA) Projects evaluating the effects of litter amendments on NH3 volatilization were conducted in AL and VA. In AL, a series of trials evaluated the ability of various litter amendments to reduce ammonia volatilization and mitigation from poultry facilities and found that: 1) litter treatments are effective in reducing litter pH and ammonia volatilization, 2) aerobic and anaerobic bacterial levels are lower in pens that contain higher amounts of litter treatment, specifically Salmonella 3) improvements in growth performance may be possible with the use of litter treatments, 4) nutrient retention of nitrogen occurs as a result of an appreciable reduction in ammonia volatilization, 5) not all litter treatments are equally effective and higher levels of treatment may be required to provide long-term effectiveness, 6) the useful life of litter may be extended with the use of a litter treatment, and 7) litter treatment usage provides the producer with methods for improving the economic viability of their poultry production facility. Also, in AL, An indexing method to assist the grower in evaluating litter conditioning and litter treatment effectiveness under commercial conditions has been introduced. Various bedding sources such as sand, cotton gin trash, ground pallets, door filler materials, straw, hardwood sawdust, peanut hulls, and pine bark have been evaluated in comparison to pine shavings for broiler production. The products were evaluated on their ability to reduce paw burns on broiler feet and also their influence on ammonia volatilization. In VA, work was conducted to develop biodegradable litter amendment from agricultural residues such as corn cobs, corn stover, silage corn, poplar wood, pine wood, and soybean straw using a combination of steam explosion and augmentation with metal salts (aluminum sulfate, ferric chloride, or ferric sulfate). The best ammonia absorption capacities for steam exploded materials, using titration as an indicator, were obtained at residence times of 3 minutes for the corn cob, and corn silage residues; the residence time for treating corn stover, poplar wood, pine wood, and soybean straw was 5 minutes. Overall, steam treated corn stover produced material with the highest ammonia absorption. Materials produced from poplar wood had the least ammonia absorption capacity. Augmentation of the agricultural residues was completed for corn stover and soybean straw. Compared to the control (no salt added), ferric sulfate provided the largest increase in ammonia absorption at 187%; aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride increased ammonia absorption by 50 and 132%, respectively, compared to the control. Augmenting soybean straw with ferric sulfate, ferric chloride, and aluminum sulfate resulted in increases of ammonia absorption of 52, 63, and 74 percent, respectively. " (MN) A project was begun that includes 12 months of monitoring at a full scale swine gestation, farrowing and nursery facility in western Minnesota. The facility began operation in early 2009 and incorporates a full scale geothermal system to provide building heating and cooling. Monitoring will include continuous monitoring of airflow, energy use, temperature, and humidity in three representative rooms (gestation, farrowing, and nursery) in the facility. In addition, six times during this 12 month period the indoor air quality in these representative rooms will be measured continuously for twenty-four hours. Samples will be collected in Tedlar bags and returned to the University of Minnesota for analysis, including odor and particulate matter. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations will be determined using a TEI 45 C Analyzer (Themo Environmental Instruments, MA) and ammonia concentrations determined using a TEI 17 C Analyzer (Themo Environmental Instruments, MA). Monitored data (energy use and indoor air quality) will be compared to theoretical calculations for geothermal heating and cooling. Additionally, animal performance data will be collected throughout the project along with capital investment, in an attempt to quantify the economic impact of the integrated geothermal system. " (MN, IL, IA, SD, NE) The objectives of this integrated research and Extension project address mitigating gas emissions from livestock operations. The research will assess whether 24-hour bag samples are an effective method for measuring and monitoring biofilter performance; whether alternative media are effective at reducing odor, hazardous gas and greenhouse gas emissions; and whether filamentous fungi accumulation on biofilter media is correlated to percent gas reduction. The Extension component will engage stakeholders through conference calls and meetings to identify and address barriers to adopting effective researched mitigation technologies. An economic web-based decision aid is being developed and a series of videos are planned to describe emissions issues and mitigation practices to help people make science-based decisions for managing odor, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methane, nitrous oxide and other gas emissions from livestock and manure storage facilities. The materials will be available on the web through continued technology transfer. Stakeholders and web users will assess the materials to evaluate their impact on decision making. Work on this project continues. " (VA) As part of the extension outreach component of the project, the last of the four listening sessions on agricultural air quality was conducted in Harrisonburg, Va. The session was conducted to gather information from the community (stakeholders) about their perceptions, concerns, what they would like to know, and who should be educated about agricultural air quality. We made a short presentation to introduce the subject and then solicited stakeholder reaction. These meetings were very informal but facilitated to meet our objectives. Meals were served at each meeting. Participants in the listening sessions at Harrisonburg expressed similar concerns as other localities. They wanted to learn more about agricultural air quality (AAQ), how it is measured, current regulations or impending regulations for AAQ, and to get information on the topic to share with others. The participants also wanted educators to provide comparisons between agricultural air pollutants and other non-agricultural sources, for example, dairy cows and household pets such as dogs or cats. These comparisons, they indicated, would highlight good AAQ practices already being used by farmers, to realize the psychological aspects of AAQ that people smell with their eyes, the need for general awareness of agriculture by the public, and the interrelationships between AAQ and water quality. Agricultural AQ appears to be a relatively new issue for many communities in Virginia. " (MN, IN) Real time methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission measurements were made from two commercial dairy buildings located in Midwestern (Wisconsin) U.S. during an 18 month period. The two cross-flow mechanically ventilated dairy buildings (approximately 275 and 375 cow capacities) were part of the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS), which collected hazardous gas (NH3 and H2S) and particulate matter (PM) emission data from various dairy, pig, and poultry buildings in the U.S. Hourly CH4 and N2O emission rates were calculated for both dairy buildings over approximate 18 and 6 month time periods respectively. Average daily methane emissions were approximately 300 g/d/AU or 400 g/d/hd from both buildings. There seems to be very limited seasonal effect on CH4 emissions, however, there was a major increase in methane concentrations during the winter but because of reduced airflow rates the emission rates was only slightly higher than in the summer. Average daily nitrous oxide emissions were very low, with an approximate rate of only 615 mg/d/AU. Also, in the fall of 2008 both barns manure collection system was switched from a flush (using manure storage effluent as flush water) to a tractor scrape system. Little variation is seen in methane emission rates before and after this key manure management change, probably suggesting that most of the methane emissions are enteric losses directly from the dairy cows. Nitrous oxide emissions may have varied more during the flushing than tractor scrape but the study was unable to quantify any N2O emission difference. " (TX) The analysis of data collected from a 2800 sow facility located in the Panhandle of Oklahoma, which was part of the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS) study was completed and a report written and submitted to Purdue University. Other activities in 2010 included contributing to AAQTF white papers on methodologies and protocols for data analysis to minimize uncertainty in resultant aerial emissions estimates, and recommended units and supporting data for standardized reporting of air emissions. Installed an electrostatic particle ionization & biocurtain to reduce dust, odor and other pollutants from broiler houses in central Texas. The effectiveness of these technologies in reducing emissions of particulates, hydrogen sulfide and VOCs were evaluated for 2 days at the end of a fall and winter flock. Emissions from the modified house are compared with those from an adjacent unmodified control house. The fans in both houses have been characterized using a FANS unit and the impact of the biocurtain on fan operating pressure has been measured. " (MN) Limited experiences in Minnesota suggested that odor and hydrogen sulfide emissions were greater from recycled sand systems but no research data was available to support or refute the perception. The purpose of this project was to measure gas flux rates and estimate emissions from primary sources on dairy operations using sand bedding. Eight dairy operations representing four types of sand systems (ex. mechanical sand separation, sand lanes with continuous operation, sand lanes with intermittent operation and seeping wall liquid separation) were invited to participate in this project. The eight dairy operations were visited three times to measure flux rates from four to six sources at each site using a portable wind-tunnel and air sample bags. The sources sampled included cow manure lanes, sand lanes, manure storage basins, sand separating room, and recycled sand piles. Liquid and solids were collected and used in a micro-tunnel method for standard emissions comparisons between manure samples. Hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide flux rates were measured using both the wind-tunnel and the micro tunnel methods. Manure samples from each source were collected and frozen for physical and chemical analysis. OBJECTIVE 2: QUANTIFY ANIMAL RESPONSE TO THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS, DEVELOP AND IMPROVE METHODS FOR PROVIDING PRODUCTIVE THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS WITHOUT DEGRADING AIR QUALITY OR SUSTAINABILITY " (FL) Data collection and analysis for a study evaluating the Clegg Impact hammer used for pavement and foundation design (http://www.clegg.com.au/Products.asp) as tool to evaluate water beds, sand and rubber matting freestall bedding materials was completed. The Clegg tester successfully produced index numbers that distinguished between the softness of the bedding materials. Additional work is planned to relate the tester readings to cow comfort. The evaporative cooling methods currently used can provide effective cooling for cows, but because of issues with water consumption and treatment and concerns about hoof health on wet floors, this summer, we are evaluating the feasibility of directly cooling freestalls by embedding cooling pipes in the freestall base material " (IL) Work continued on flow visualization research, resulting in completion of one dissertation and a conference paper on ventilation in large naturally ventilated free-stall buildings. OBJECTIVE 3: DEVELOP AND IMPROVE METHODS OF OPTIMIZING ENERGY AND RESOURCE UTILIZATION IN POULTRY AND LIVESTOCK FACILITIES TO INCREASE PROFITABILITY WITHOUT DEGRADING AIR QUALITY OR ANIMAL WELL-BEING. " (MI) Researchers at Michigan State University examined the potential to anaerobically digest livestock manure to produce energy, potentially increasing farm profitability and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This work will continue into the next year. Databases for large farms, landfills, wastewater treatment plant biosolids, schools, universities, and prisons were incorporated into the interactive, GIS based Michigan Biomass Inventory. Net energy modeling for 5 conversion technologies (anaerobic digestion, gasification, ethanol, biodiesel, and direct combustion) is also incorporated into the tool. Currently, the databases are being updated, food processing waste is being added, and the databases are being mined to locate the best locations to initiate waste to resource technologies. Further, spreadsheets for all energy conversion technologies will be available to be used independently of the mapping tool. Over 40 biomass blends, including various animal manures and food processing wastes, have been tested to determine their biogas potential. The percentage of methane and carbon dioxide produced and the amount of COD and volatile solids reduction are monitored. These biogas assays help determine if further consideration for establishing a renewable energy system is warranted for a specific waste blend. Further, the impact of amendments such as trace nutrients, enzymes, and microorganisms on the digestion process has been tested on several blends. A database is currently being developed to conveniently represent synergistic, additive, and antagonistic blends. " (IL) The environmental preference research that has been planned over the last two years is going to be initiated with layer hens in 2011. This will provide an interesting evaluation of the role of animal preference in comparing different possible environments, such as encountered in alternative egg production housing systems.

JOURNAL ARTICLES AND ABSTRACTS Akdeniz,N., K.A. Janni and I.A. Salnikov. 2011. Biofilter performance of pine nuggets and lava rock as media. Bioresour. Technol. 102:4974-4980. Akdeniz,N., K.A. Janni, L.D. Jacobson and B.P. Hetchler. 2011. Comparison of gas sampling bags 1 to temporarily store hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and greenhouse gases. Trans ASABE 54(2): 653-661. Applegate, T.J., C. Romero, M.E.B. Abdallah, R. Angel, and W. Powers. 2010. Effect of dietary adipic acid and dried distillers grains plus solubles in combination with post-excretion amendment with sodium bisulfite on nitrogen loss from stored laying hen excreta. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 88, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 93, E-Suppl. 1/Poult. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1. Abstract W319. Boone, R.E., R. A. Bucklin and D. R. Bray. 2010. Comparison of freestall bedding materials and their effect on cow behavior and cow health. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 26(6): 1051-1060. Casey, K. D., R. S. Gates, R. C. Shores, E. D. Thoma, and D. B. Harris. 2010. Ammonia Emissions from a US Broiler House-Comparison of Concurrent Measurements Using Three Different Technologies. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 60(8):939-948. Casey, K.D., R.S. Gates, R.C. Shores, E.D. Thoma, and D.B. Harris. 2010. Ammonia emissions from a U.S. broiler house  comparison of concurrent measurements using three different technologies. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association. 60(8):939-948. Cross, L.D., S.R. Rust, and W.J. Powers. 2010. Inclusion of molybdenum and copper with high distillers grain diets as a strategy to mitigate hydrogen sulfide emissions. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 88, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 93, E-Suppl. 1/Poult. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1. Abstract 553. Li, Hui, L.Y. Zhao, and P. Ling. 2010. Wireless control of residential HVAC systems for energy efficient and comfortable homes. ASHRAE Transactions 116(2): xxx-xxx. Li, Q., L. Wang, E.O. Oviedo-Rondón, and C.B. Parnell. 2010. Impact of ozonation on particulate matter in broiler houses. Journal of Poultry Science 89:2052-2062 Li, W., W. J. Powers, D. Karcher, C. R. Angel, and T. J. Applegate. 2010. Effect of DDGS and mineral sources on air emissions from laying hens. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 88, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 93, E-Suppl. 1/Poult. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1. Abstract 544. Liu, Z., W. J. Powers, D. Karcher, C. R. Angel, and T. J. Applegate. 2010. Effect of amino acid formulation and supplementation on nutrient mass balance and air emissions from turkeys. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 88, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 93, E-Suppl. 1/Poult. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1. Abstract 545. Purswell, J.L. R.S. Gates, L.M. Lawrence and J.D. Davis. 2010. Thermal environment in a four-horse slant-load trailer. Transactions of the ASABE 53(6):1885-1894. Tinoco, I.F.F., J.A.O. Saraz, R. Piexoto, M. de Paula and R.S. Gates. 2010. Evaluation of prefabricated concrete roof slabs made with lightweight expanded clair and applied to covering facilities for animal production. Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomia de Colombia, 63(2). Wang, L., E.O. Oviedo-Rondón, J. Small, Z. Liu, B.W. Sheldon, G.B. Havenstein, and M.C. Williams. 2010. Farm-scale evaluation of ozonation for mitigating ammonia emissions from broiler houses. Journal of Air and Waste Management Association 60:789-796. Wu-Haan, W., W. J. Powers, C. R. Angel, and T. J. Applegate. 2010. The use of distillers dried grains plus soluble as a feed ingredient on performance and air emissions from laying hens. Poult. Sci. 89:1355-1359. Wu-Haan, W., W. J. Powers, D. Karcher, C. R. Angel, and T. J. Applegate. 2010. Evaluation of a low sulfur diet on air emissions, nutrient excretion, and performance of laying hens. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 88, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 93, E-Suppl. 1/Poult. Sci. Vol. 89, E-Suppl. 1. Abstract 541. Xin, H., R.S. Gates, A. R. Green, F. M. Mitloehner, P. A. Moore Jr., and C. M. Wathes. 2010. Environmental impacts and sustainability of egg production systems. Poultry Science 90(1):263-277. doi:10.3382/ps.2010-00877. Zhang, S.,Cai, L., Koziel, J.A., Hoff, S.J., Schmidt, D.R., Clanton, C.J., Jacobson, L.D., Parker, D.B., Heber, A. J. Field. 2010. Air Sampling and Simultaneous Chemical and Sensory Analysis of Livestock Odorants with Sorbent Tubes and GC-MS/Olfactometry. Sensors Actuators: B. Chemical 146: 427-432. CONFERENCE PRESENTATIONS AND PROCEEDINGS Akdeniz, A., K.A. Janni, L.D. Jacobson and B.P. Hetchler. 2010. Comparison of gas sampling bags to temporarily store hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and greenhouse gases. In Int. Sym. Air Quality and Manure Management for Agriculture Conf. Proc., ASABE, St. Joseph, MI. 711P0510cd. Akdeniz, N., Jacobson, L.D., Hetchler, B.P., Bereznicki, S.D., Heber, A.J., Cortus, E.L., Lim, T.T., Heathcote, K.Y., Hoff, S.J., Koziel, J.A., Cai, L., Zhang, S., Parker, D.B., & Caraway, E.A. 2010. Odor and Odorous Chemical Emissions from Animal Buildings: Part 2- Odor Emissions. Presented at the International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management for Agriculture (ASABE) in Dallas, TX on Sept 13-16, 2010. Al Mamun, M.R., R. Nicolai, E. Cortus, S. Pohl, and S. Cortus. 2010. Emission measurement methods for monoslope beef barns in South Dakota. ASABE Paper Number MBSK 10-204. St. Joseph, MI: ASABE. Bereznicki, S.D., Heber, A.J., Jacko, R.B., Lim, T.T., Jacobson, L.D., Akdeniz, N., Hetchler, B.P., Heathcote, K.Y., Hoff, S.J., Koziel, J.A., Cai, L., Zhang, S., Parker, D.B., & Caraway, E.A. 2010. Odor and Odorous Chemical Emissions from Animal Buildings: Part 1- Project Overview and Collection Methods. Presented at the International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management for Agriculture (ASABE) in Dallas, TX on Sept 13-16, 2010. Blake, J. P., J. B. Hess, and K. S. Macklin, 2010. Estimating litter nutrients for broiler chickens. In: Proc National Poultry and Animal Waste Management Symposium, Greensboro, NC. Blake, J. P., J. B. Hess, and K. S. Macklin, 2010. Litter treatment usage and trace element accumulation in broiler litter. In: Proc. National Poultry and Animal Waste Management Symposium, Greensboro, NC. Borges, G., K.O.S. Miranda, R.S. Gates, G.T. Sales. 2010. Environmental conditions effects in noise emissions by piglets in an intensive production farm. ASABE Paper No. 10-09625. ASABE: St. Joseph, MI. Borges, G., R.S. Gates, G.T. Sales and K.O.S. Miranda. 2010. Fuzzy logic application on the determination of noise levels as an indicative of swine welfare in controlled environments. ASABE Paper No. 10-0916. ASABE: St. Joseph, MI. Cai, L., Zhang, S., Koziel, J.A., Sun, G., Heathcote, K.Y., Hoff, S.J., Parker, D.B., Caraway, E.A., Jacobson, L.D., Akdeniz, N., Hetchler, B.P., Bereznicki, S.D., Heber, A.J., Cortus, E.L, & Lim, T.T. 2010. Odor and Odorous Chemical Emissions from Animal Buildings: Part 3- Chemical Emissions. Presented at the International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management for Agriculture (ASABE) in Dallas, TX on Sept 13-16, 2010. Cortus, E. L., B. Bogan, K. Wang, T. T. Lim, J. Ni, M. Eisentraut, P. Eisentraut, and A. Heber. 2010. Using CAPECAB to process emission data in the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study. In International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management for Agriculture Conference, Dallas, Texas. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE. Cortus, E.L., S. Spronk, C. Lanoue, R. Nicolai, and S. Pohl. 2010. Heat and moisture balances for a new barn design with recirculated air. ASABE Paper MBSK 10-202. St. Joseph, MI: ASABE. Hess, J. B., J. P. Blake, K. S. Macklin, and S. F. Bilgili, 2010. Alternative litter sources/litter management. North American Gamebird Association Annual Convention, San Antonio, TX. Feb. 15-16. Jacobson L.D., Hetchler B.P., Cortus E., Heber A.J., and Bogan B.W., 2010. Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Two Dairy Freestall Barns with Flush and Scrape Manure Collection Systems. Presented at the Greenhouse Gases and Animal Agriculture Conference in Banff, Alberta, CANADA on Oct 3-8, 2010. Jacobson, L.D. 2010. GHG Emissions From Livestock Housing. 71th Minnesota Nutrition Conference, Owatonna, MN. Pp 53. Sept 21, 2010. University of Minnesota Animal Science Department, St. Paul, MN 55108. Jacobson, L.D. 2010. Real time measurement of GHG Emissions from pig barns. Proceedings (CD, Vol 37) of the 2010 Allen D. Leman Swine Conference, University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine, St. Paul, MN. Sept 19-21, 2010. pp. 95 - 99. Jacobson, L.D., Akdeniz, N., Cai, L., Zhang, S., Koziel, J.A., Hoff, S.J., Heathcote, K., Parker, D.B., Heber, A. J., Bereznicki, S., and Caraway, E., 2010. Odor Emissions and Chemical Analysis of Odorous Compounds from Animal Buildings. Presented at WEF/A&WMAs Odors and Air Pollutants Conference 2010 in Charlotte, NC on March 22-24, 2010. Jacobson, L.D., Akdeniz, N., Hetchler, B.P., Bereznicki, S.D., Heber, A.J., Jacko, R.B., Heathcote, K.Y., Hoff, S.J., Koziel, J.A., Cai, L., Zhang, S., Parker, D.B., & Caraway, E.A. 2010. Odor and Odorous Chemical Emissions from Animal Buildings: Part 4- Correlations Between Sensory and Chemical Measurements. Presented at the International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management for Agriculture (ASABE) in Dallas, TX on Sept 13-16, 2010. Jacobson, L.D., Hetchler, B.P., and Noll, S.L. 2010. Measuring emissions from a Naturally Ventilated turkey grow-out Building. Presented at CIGR Section II: Farm Buildings, Equipment, Structures and Livestock Environment Conference or Symposium in Québec City, Canada June 13-17, 2010 Janni, K.A., N. Akdeniz, D.R. Schmidt, L.D. Jacobson and B.P. Hetchler. 2010. A 24-hour air sample collection system. ASABE Paper No. 1009597, ASABE, St. Joseph, MI 49085. Jin, Y., T. T. Lim, J. Ni, A. Heber, R. Liu, B. Bogan, and S. Hanni. 2010. Aerial emission monitoring at a dairy farm in Indiana. ASABE Paper No. 1009527. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE. Kirk, D., Faivor, L., Wu-Haan, W., Safferman, S. 2010. Anaerobic Digestion Performance on Blended Feedstorcks. Biogas Summit. Flint, MI. Kettering University, Oct. 29, 2010. Li, Q., L. Wang, Z. Liu, R.K.M. Jayanty. 2010. Major ions characterization of PM2.5 emitted from AFOs. Presented at 2010 ASABE Annual International Meeting. June 21 24, 2010. Pittsburgh, PA. Li, Q., L. Wang, Z. Liu, R.K.M. Jayanty. 2010. Patterns and spatial variation of elements in PM2.5 emitted from AFOs. Paper No. 1008743. Presented at 2010 ASABE Annual International Meeting. June 21 24, 2010. Pittsburgh, PA. Li, Q., L. Wang, Z. Liu. 2010. Influence of temperature setting of tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM) sampler on particulate measurements. Paper No. 1008744. Presented at 2010 ASABE Annual International Meeting. June 21 24, 2010. Pittsburgh, PA. Li, Q., L. Wang, Z. Liu. 2010. PM2.5 mass concentrations at commercial egg production facility and its vicinity. Paper No. 1008750. Presented at 2010 ASABE Annual International Meeting. June 21 24, 2010. Pittsburgh, PA. Liang, Y. K.W. VanDevender, and G.T. Tabler. 2010. Field evaluation of windbreak effect on airflow downwind of poultry housing tunnel fans. Proc. International Symposium on Air Quality & Manure Management for Agriculture, Dallas, TX. ASABE St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE. Liang, Y., G.T. Tabler, I. Berry, and S.E. Watkins. 2010. Field evaluation of controlled surface wetting system to cool broiler chickens. ASABE Paper No. 1008478, St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE. Lim, T. T., J. Ni, A. Heber, and S. Hanni. 2010b. Field evaluation of dried distiller grain solubles and best management practices to reduce ammonia emissions from a high-rise layer barn. ASABE Paper No. 1009997. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE. Lim, T. T., J.-Q. Ni, A. J. Heber, and Y. Jin. 2010a. Applications and calibrations of the FANS and traverse methods for barn airflow rate measurement. In International Symposium on Air Quality & Manure Management for Agriculture, Dallas, Texas. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE. Liu, Z., L. Wang, Q. Li, and R.K.M. Jayanty. 2010. Measurements of ammonia gas, ammonium aerosol, and related inorganic particulate matter in vicinity of a southeast layer operation. Paper No. 1009200. Presented at 2010 ASABE Annual International Meeting. June 21 24, 2010. Pittsburgh, PA. Lopes, I.M., D.G. Overhults, G.M. Morello, J. Earnest Jr., R.S. Gates, A. Pescatore, J. Jacob and M. Miller. 2010. Assessing air leakage in commercial broiler houses. ASABE Paper No. 0-09236. ASABE: St. Joseph, MI. Morello, G.M., D.G. Overhults, I.M. Lopes, J. Earnest Jr., R.S. Gates, A. Pescatore, J. Jacob and M. Miller. 2010. Influence of fan operations on FANS (Fan Assessment Numeration System) test results. ASABE Paper No. 10-09235. ASABE: St. Joseph, MI. Mukhtar, L. Jacobson, P. Bredwell, A. Stokes, D. Shelmidine, T. Applegate, B. Weinheimer, G. Zwicke. 2010. Recommended units and supporting data for standardized reporting of air emissions from animal agriculture. Presented at USDA Agricultural Air Quality Taskforce - Livestock and Poultry Air Emissions Standardization Workshop, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Sep 27-28, 2010. Ogejo, J.A., R.S. Gates, F.A. Agblevor, N. Franz, F.W. Pierson, and K. Stephenson. 2010. Integrating education and development of biodegradable litter amendment to mitigate ammonia emissions from poultry houses. NIFA AFRI Air Quality PD annual meeting, Aug 23-24. Overhults, D. G., G. M. Morello, I. M. Lopes, A. Pescatore, J. Jacob, M. Miller, R. S. Gates, and J. W. Earnest, Jr. 2010. Broiler house fan performance. ASABE Paper No. 10-09240. ASABE, St. Joseph, MI. Overhults, D.G., I.M. Lopes, G.M. Morello, A. Pescatore, M. Miller, R.S. Gates and J.W. Earnest, Jr. 2010. Energy use in Kentucky broiler houses. ASABE Paper No. 10-09232. ASABE: St. Joseph, MI. protocols for analysis of raw data to minimize uncertainty of resultant aerial emissions estimation. Presented at USDA Agricultural Air Quality Taskforce - Livestock and Poultry Air Emissions Standardization Workshop, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Sep 27-28, 2010. Safferman, S., Kirk, D., Faivor, L., Liu, Y. 2010. Holistic Anaerobic Digester Development-Michigan State University Anaerobic Digestion Research and Education Center. Biogas Summit. Flint, MI. Kettering University, Oct. 29, 2010. Safferman, S.I. 2010. Feedstocks Available for Use in a Bio-Based Economy. Michigan Biomass Waste to Energy Summit. East Lansing, MI. MSU Dec. 7, 2010. Sales,G.T., A.R. Green and R.S. Gates. 2010. Performance assessment of an environmental preference chamber for animals. ASABE Paper No. 10-09155. ASABE: St. Joseph, MI. Souza, C.F., G.B. Day V., J.L. Taraba, R.S. Gates and W.P.M. Ferreira. 2010. BIOG-C: Modeling the volumetric methane production in the anaerobic digestion process applied to swine wastes. ASABE Paper No. 10-09181. ASABE: St. Joseph, MI. Stowell, R.R., J. Heemstra, D. Schulte , R. Sheffield , K. Janni , E. Wheeler. 2010. Using webcasts to highlight air quality research. In Int.l Sym. Air Quality and Manure Management for Agriculture Conf. Proc., ASABE, St. Joseph, MI. 711P0510cd Wang, L., Q. Li, G. Byfield, O. D. Simmons, J. Classen. 2010. Biological characteristics of aerosols emitted from a layer operation in Southeast U.S. Paper No. 1009290. Presented at 2010 ASABE Annual International Meeting. June 21 24, 2010. Pittsburgh, PA. Wang, L., Q. Li, Z. Liu, Z. Cao, R.K.M. Jayanty, G. Byfield, and M. Franklin. 2010. Characterization of Particulate Matter Emitted from Commercial Egg Production Facilities in Southeastern U.S. Paper#244. Presented at A&WMA International Specialty Conference: Leap frogging Opportunities for Air Quality Improvement. May 10-14, 2010. Xian China. Wang, L., Z. Cao, Q. Li, Z. Liu. 2010. Particle size distribution and concentration of total suspended particulate in layer barns. Paper No. 1009287. Presented at 2010 ASABE Annual International Meeting. June 21 24, 2010. Pittsburgh, PA. Wang, S., L.Y. Zhao, R. Manuzon, H. Keener, and A. Heber. 2010. Prediction of NH3 Emission from Confinement Dairy Housing System using an Alternative Mass-Balance Method. ASABE Paper No. 109409. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASABE. Wheeler, E.F., D. Meyer, P. Martin, D. Schmidt, W. Powers, K. Casey, R. Stowell, S. Mukhtar, L. Jacobson, P. Bredwell, A. Stokes, D. Shelmidine, T. Applegate, B. Weinheimer, G. Zwicke. 2010. Recommended units and supporting data for standardized reporting of air emissions from animal agriculture. Presented at USDA Agricultural Air Quality Taskforce - Livestock and Poultry Air Emissions Standardization Workshop, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Sep 27-28, 2010. Xin, H., H. Li, R. Gates, R. Burns, and K. Casey. 2010. Methodologies and protocols for analysis of raw data to minimize uncertainty of resultant aerial emissions estimation. Presented at USDA Agricultural Air Quality Taskforce - Livestock and Poultry Air Emissions Standardization Workshop, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Sep 27-28, 2010. Yan, W., D. Barker, Y. Sun, Y. Zhang and R.S. Gates. 2010. Performance simulation of high volume low speed fans in a free stall barn. XVIIth World Congress of the International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR), 13-17 June, Quebec City, Canada.. Yang, L. X. Wang, T.L. Funk, R.S. Gates and N. Jiang. 2010. Optimization of livestock air pollutants removal biofilter Part I: media selection. ASABE Paper No. ASABE: St. Joseph, MI. Yang, X., and X. Wang, J. Lee, and Y. Zhang. 2010. Concentrations of culturable airborne bacteria and fungi in swine and poultry confinement buildings, In ASABE Annual Meeting, Pittsburg, PA: ASABE. Zhang, S., Cai, L., Koziel, J.A., Heathcote, K.Y., Hoff, S.J., Parker, D.B., Caraway, E.A., Jacobson, L.D., Akdeniz, N., Hetchler, B.P., Bereznicki, S.D., Heber, A.J., Cortus, E.L, & Lim, T.T. 2010. Odor and Odorous Chemical Emissions from Animal Buildings: Part 5- Correlations between Odor Intensities and Chemical Concentrations (gc-ms/o). Presented at the International Symposium on Air Quality and Manure Management for Agriculture (ASABE) in Dallas, TX on Sept 13-16, 2010. EXTENSION PUBLICATIONS AND POPULAR PRESS ARTICLES Liang, Y., K. VanDevender, and G.T. Tabler. 2011. Vegetative shelterbelts on poultry farms for air emission management. FAS 1071. Univ. of Arkansas Division of Agriculture Fact sheet. Ogejo, J.A., N. Franz, and K. Stephenson. 2010. A summary of agricultural air quality perceptions in Virginia. Publication 3004-1442. Virginia Cooperative Extension. http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/3004/3004-1442/3004-1442_pdf.pdf EXTENSION PRESENTATIONS Blake, J. P., 2010. Controlling Ammonia. Alabama Poultry and Egg Association Grower Educational Seminars, Cullman, AL. October 18. Blake, J. P., 2010. Controlling Ammonia. Alabama Poultry and Egg Association Grower Educational Seminars, Boaz, AL. October 18. Blake, J. P., 2010. Controlling Ammonia. Alabama Poultry and Egg Association Grower Educational Seminars, Troy, AL. October 19. Blake, J. P., 2010. Controlling Ammonia. Alabama Poultry and Egg Association Grower Educational Seminars, New Brockton, AL. October 19. Blake, J. P., J. B. Hess, and K. S. Macklin, 2010. Litter treatments to control ammonia. Koch Grower Meeting, Heflin, AL. March 10. Hess, J. B., J. P. Blake, and K. S. Macklin, 2010. Broiler litter  Decision making. Koch Grower Meeting, Heflin, AL. March 10. Hess, J. B., J. P. Blake, and K. S. Macklin, 2010. Broiler litter  Decision making. Central Alabama Poultry and Egg Association Meeting, Greenville, AL. January 21. Hess, J. B., J. P. Blake, S. F. Bilgili, and K. S. Macklin, 2010. Ammonia-Broiler health and performance. 2010 Alabama Poultry Producers Organizational Meeting, Alabama Farmers Federation, Birmingham, AL. February 3. Macklin, K. S., J. B. Hess, J. P. Blake, S. F. Bilgili, and J. J. Giambrone, 2010. Litter Issues. Alltech Brazilian Group Visit, Auburn University, Auburn, AL. May 13. HANDBOOKS, TECHNICAL BULLETINS, THESES, DISSERTATIONS, REPORTS, AND CIRCULARS Hess, J. B., J. P. Blake, and K. S. Macklin, 2010. Proceedings of the National Poultry and Animal Waste Symposium. National Poultry Waste Management Symposium Committee, Auburn University, AL. 102 pp. Blake, J. P. and J. B. Hess, 2010. Compiled Proceedings of the National Poultry Waste Management Symposium from 1988-2008. National Poultry Waste Management Symposium Committee, Auburn University, AL. 3,112 pp. Yang, X. 2010. Physical, chemical and biological properties of airborne particles emitted from animal confinement buildings. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana IL. Yan, W. 2010. Development of hybrid particle tracking algorithms and their applications in airflow measurement within an aircraft cabin mock-up. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana IL. BESS. 2010. Annual update of database of agricultural ventilation fans performance and efficiencies. http://bess.illinois.edu Cortus, E.L., K. D. Casey, A. P. Caramanica, K. J. Mickey and A.J. Heber. 2010. National Air Emissions Monitoring Study: Emissions Data from Two Sow Barns and One Swine Farrowing Room in Oklahoma- Site OK4B. Final Report. Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, July 2.