Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

BRIEF SUMMARY OF MINUTES OF ANNUAL MEETING
On October 18, 2003, NC1001 Regional Project members gathered in Seattle, Washington to discuss current progress and future research plans. Following a general meeting of all participants, project members met in small groups organized around the research objectives of the project. These objective include: 1) Determine the consequences of agriculture and food systems on the health of distinct populations, 2) Determine the impact community problem solving around food issues has on population health, 3) Determine the relationships among collective action, the structure of agriculture and food systems, and population health, and 4) Determine the relationships between the scale of the agri-food system and population and landscape health. Progress reports for each of the research objective groups are listed below.

OBJECTIVE 1 REPORT

Lois Wright Morton (Iowa) and Chery Smith (Minnesota) have continued to work on similar projects in their respective states. They secured funding from their Food Stamp Programs to conduct research that examined how low-income people living in rural and urban communities, identified as food deserts, made food choices and accessed foods in areas with limited availability. Each state selected four communities that met similar criteria. The communities were selected based on the following criteria, including limited access to grocery stores (as identified using NAICS codes), higher than state-average poverty levels, and urban or rural ERS codes of 2 (urban) or 7/8/9 (rural). Additionally, civic engagement was the fourth criteria used to identify the sites. Two communities (one urban and one rural) were identified to be civically engaged around food issues, while the other two (one urban and one rural) were identified as less engaged. Civic engagement was assessed by having professionals in counties/neighborhoods (those meeting the first 3 criteria) rank their county on civic engagement based on a series of questions. Each state then conducted focus groups with professionals and consumers during 2002. During the latter part of 2002 and the early part of 2003, Minnesota and Iowa independently developed and administered surveys in their state This is also described below.

1. Development of Survey: Themes from the focus group analysis were used to develop a six-page Food Survey for Minnesota. The guiding theoretical framework used was the Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura) that says behavior (food choice) is determined by interactions of environment, personal factors, and behavior. Prior to use, the survey was appraised by a panel of expert reviewers for content and face validity. Iowa decided to develop a survey to focus on food security and civic structure. Components of that survey were also included on the Minnesota survey.

2. Minnesota surveys: Individuals were surveyed in the Minnesotas urban areas in a number of sites in order to capture ethnic diversity and various levels of income (n=396). In 2003, 400 rural Minnesotan were measured and surveyed. The data was entered into SPSS for analyses. Four manuscripts have been submitted for publication and one Masters thesis has been completed using this data. These include:
Eikenberry N, Smith C. (In press). Attitudes, beliefs and prevalence of dumpster diving as a means to obtain food by Midwestern, low-income, urban dwellers. Ag and Hum Values.

Eikenberry N, Smith C (accepted, revised) Healthy eating: Perceptions, motivations, barriers, and promoters in low-income Minnesota communities. J Am Diet Assoc.

Eikenberry N, Smith C (reviewed and asked to revise into two manuscripts). Civic engagement and urban and rural influence on food access and fruit and vegetable intake. J Nutr Ed Behav

Henderson D, Smith C, and Eikenberry N (under review). Low-income individuals face limited fruit and vegetable access in four Minnesotan communities designated as food deserts. Ag and Human Values

3. Iowa surveys: In Iowa, 720 random sample surveys were mailed to residents in two high poverty rural counties and 528 purposeful surveys were given to low income individuals utilizing safety net services (food pantries, senior meal sites, WIC, Head Start) in two high poverty low income neighborhoods and two high poverty rural counties. Data analyses are currently underway. Findings include:
Transportation and food access. We find that households in two rural Iowa counties regularly shop two grocery stores weekly and travel about 18 minutes each way. While most residents of these counties use their own vehicle to obtain food, older persons and those with limited incomes are more likely to be dependent on family, friends, neighbors and others. Sixteen percent of open country compared to 11 percent of rural town residents regularly shop for food out-of-county at supercenters, discount and wholesale food stores. An increasingly rural aging population suggests lower mobility, isolation, and future access to food store concerns as retail food consolidation continues. Policy makers need to examine rural transportation systems and develop an infrastructure that links elderly and low income individuals to retail food sources on a regular basis.

Civic structure. random sample survey of residents living in two high poverty rural Iowa counties with two local grocery stores in each county reveals that perceptions of living in a high civic structure rural area significantly decreases the odds of being food insecure. While a great deal of food giving (74 percent give to family and 68 percent to friends) and receiving (30 percent received food from family and friends) is reported, these personal connections do not decrease the odds of being food insecure. Lower incomes and being younger increase the odds of being food insecure. Our findings suggest that investments in strengthening the social structure of rural communities in concert with strategies that increase incomes can help households solve the problem of food insecurity.
Diet and Food Patterns. Analyses are currently underway.

Publications in process from this data set

Bitto, E. A., L.W. Morton, M.J. Oakland, M. Sand. (forthcoming). Grocery Store Access patterns in Rural Food Deserts. The Journal for the Study of Food and Society.

Morton, L.W., E. A. Bitto, M.J. Oakland, and M. Sand. 2003. Solving the Problems of Iowa Food Deserts: Food Insecurity and Civic Structure revise and resubmit Rural Sociology.

Morton, L.W., E. A. Bitto, M.J. Oakland, and M. Sand (in process) Accessing Food in Iowa Food Deserts: Rural and Urban patterns of Giving and Getting Food. Will be submitted to Ag and Human Values.

Another major accomplishment for this section was to write and submit a grant proposal to the National Institute of Health. Data collected thus far from the Iowa/Minnesota focus groups and surveys would be included in the preliminary data section of the grant proposal. Chery Smith submitted the proposal through the University of Minnesota, with subcontracts to Lois Wright Morton at Iowa State University and Alex McIntosh at Texas A & M. The following is the grant proposal title and part of the specific aims portion of the proposal.

The group working on Objective #1 also reported to the larger group about progress made to date. The group working on Objective 1 discussed grant options. We still had not heard from NIH, but agreed that the group had submitted a nice proposal and that it would be reworked and resubmitted should the grant not be funded with this submittal.

OBJECTIVE 2 REPORT

Toby Ten Eyck and Ray Jussaume continue to work on a grant proposal which
will be submitted to USDA by the end of 2003. The grant is focused on
local/alternative food systems and community health. The proposal will be
submitted to the USDA-NRI section on food and human nutrition. The
following is an abstract of the current proposal:

The United States‘ agri-food system, by which we mean the totality of how
food is produced, transformed, transported, distributed and consumed, has
many paradoxical elements. For example, U.S. agricultural production has
continually become more efficient as a result of structural and technical
changes, yet commodity prices paid to farmers have steadily decreased in
real terms. Also, although the cost to consumers for food in the United
States is the lowest in the world, the federal government has been spending
billions yearly in food stamps and other programs to help the poorest
members of society gain access to food. At the same time, overabundance of
food appears to have become a social problem, as cheap access to fast foods
has created the conditions for a deterioration in food habits among certain
segments of the population, leading to higher rates of eating disorders such
as obesity and diabetes. Our proposal will investigate the relationship
between the structure of a community‘s agrifood system and that community‘s
health. Specifically, we aim to test the general hypothesis that the more
dynamic the local food system is, i.e. the greater the number of options
there are for accessing locally produced food via CSAs, farmers‘ markets,
community gardens, etc., the more likely community residents are to make
informed dietary choices and view their community as "healthy" and livable.
Data will be collected from the community through general opinions surveys,
interviews with community leaders in the areas of politics, agriculture, and
medicine, and content analyses of local media and other public arenas.

Toby Ten Eyck and Joan Thompson are working independently on consumer
perceptions of food biotechnology, and the role of the media in shaping this
debate.

OBJECTIVE 4 REPORT

The task of Group 4 is to develop the means for the achievement of Objective 4:Determine the relationships between the scale of agri-food system and population and landscape health.

Group 4 discussed the recent proposal review it had received from its submittal of Obesity etc. to NIH-NIDDK in February 1, 2003. The review panel suggested a number of changes that would have to be made to the proposals conceptual model, measurement models, and statistical analysis plan. The group discussed each of these needed changes and then created a division of labor for making these changes to our proposal. Tom Lyson (Cornell) and Troy Blanchard (Mississippi State) will refine the conceptual model; Alex McIntosh (Texas A&M) and Lois Wright Morton (Iowa State) will develop further justification for the food insecurity measures we will be using. Troy Blanchard will expand the data analysis plan.

The NIH panel manager for the review group that reviewed our proposal also suggested that we submit our revised proposal to the Secondary Data Analysis Review Group, as the data we propose using in our analysis are secondary (i.e., the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and Census data regarding the availability of various retail food and fast food outlets in the Zip Code areas of the NHANES respondents).

A discussion with Richard Moore, Ohio State then took place regarding the links between agriculture, pollution from agricultural production, and human health. Group 4 will begin to develop ideas for a proposal for submission to NSF or EPA that would attempt to link human health with pollution from agricultural pollution.

Finally the group discussed Annette Bittos (Iowa State) proposed dissertation. Several of Group 4s members have access to the Compressed Mortality Files by rural-urban location. Annette will study changes in diabetes mortality over time, attempting to explain the dip in this mortality from 1960 to 1980 and subsequence rise in diabetes mortality from 1980 to present. Among the factors that Annette plans to account in her study is the increase in the fructose content of many processed foods.

During years 1-3, the milestones of NC1001 included:

Year 1. Research committee organized and proposals for funding objectives developed

Year 2. Begin research on each objective, use in-house resources to carry out low cost portions, and await funding support from proposals

Years 2-4. Carry out research including secondary data analysis and interpretation; primary data collection, analysis, and interpretation

NC1001 participants have been successful in acheiving these milestones. Research committee groups organized around the four project objectives have been developed. The groups hold in-person meetings at the NC1001 annual meeting and have also engaged in conference call and online meetings (via email) to coordinate research activities. Participants in the research objective groups have been successful in developing research proposals submitted to federal and state funding organizations and disseminating initial research findings through peer-reviewed publication outlets and technical reports. A list of the publications and proposals completed by NC1001 participants are detailed in the publicaitons section of this report.

Summary of Research and Dissemination, October 2001- 2003

The grants, contracts, publications, and conferences listed below are part of the AES NC1001 multi-state research team cumulative efforts to link health to agriculture, food systems, and communities.


Grants/Contracts received

Bellows, AC, Project Director, Co-Principal Investigator and Schilling, B, Co-Principal Investigator. 2002-2004. Improving Food Security for New Jerseys Families: Food Source, Need and Tools for Connecting. New Jersey Department of Human Services. $250,000.


Blanchard, Troy C. and Thomas A. Lyson. 2002. Retail Globalization and Food Access in the South. Project funded by Southern Rural Development Center/USDA, Food Assistance Research Small-Grants Program: Exploring Food Assistance Issues among the South‘s Vulnerable Populations. $30,000.

Coolman, R, Bellows, AC, Homitzky, C. 2003-2004. New Brunswick, NJ: Community Health and Environment Johnson and Johnson Foundation. $6,000.


Greder, K., S. Garasky, H. Jensen, and L. W. Morton. 2001-03. Food Security Report Card. Iowa Department of Public Health. 2 years. $80,000.

Hoy, Casey, Richard Moore, Fredrick Hitzhusen, John Cardina Landscape Pattern Indicators for Agroecosystem Health (2001-2) OARDC RECGP $75,695.

Lyson, Thomas. Community Agriculture and Food Systems Certification Program, 2002-2004 (Northeast Sustainable Agriculture, Research, and Education Program). (This proposal was submitted and approved during 2001-2002.) $120,197.

McIntosh, Alex. Principal Investigator. "Parental Time Constraints, Role Strain, Coping and Children‘s Diet and Nutrition." USDA-FANRP. Start date: October 1, 2000. $251,000.

McIntosh, Alex. Co-Project Director. "The Moral Economy of Antimicrobials in Animal Agriculture: Advancing Policy and Practice." USDA-CSREES. 2 1/2 years. Start date: October 1, 2002. $236,000.

Moore, Richard and Ben Stinner. Improving Stream Quality in the Headwaters of Sugar Creek Watershed through Dairy Farmer Learning Communities 2 year project (2001-2003) USDA SARE $49,000.

Moore, Richard, Benjamin Stinner, P.Charles Goebel, Larry Brown Improving Water
Quality and fostering a Community Vision and Action through Participatory Farmer Groups in the Sugar Creek Headwaters (2002-05) Ohio EPA 319 $474,978.

Moore, Richard, Benjamin Stinner. Improving Livestock and Grain Farms‘ Contribution to Environmental Quality through Headwaters Learning Communities (2001-03) OARDC RECGP $49,000.

Morton, L. W., M. J. Oakland, S. Garasky, K. Greder, and P. Flakoll. 2003-4. Impact of the food environment on the dietary choices, intake, and health of rural elderly who live in Iowa food deserts. USDA Special Research grant to ISU Center for Designing Foods to Improve Nutrition. $29,851.

Morton, L. W. and M. J. Oakland. Community Food Assessment. 2001-03. Iowa Department of Public Health. 2 year $63,000.

Morton, L. W. NC1001 Project. 2001-05. Agricultural Experiment Station at Iowa State University. Funds a graduate student in support of the project. 4 years. $65,000

Smith, Chery. 2001-03. The Influence of Food Systems and Community Infrastructures on the Dietary and Health Behaviors of Low Income Populations. Minnesota Food Stamp Program. 2 years.

Stinner, Benjamin, Sally Miller, Deborah Stinner, Richard Moore, John Cardina, Casey Hoy, Parwinder Grewal, Matt Kleinhenz, Doug Doohan, Frederick Michel, Joe Kovach . Revitalizing Small And Midsize Farms: Organic Research, Education and Extension (2000-04) USDA IFAFS $1,800,000.

Benjamin Stinner, Richard Moore, Patrick Goebel, Deborah Stinner, Robin Taylor Impact of Economics-driven Land Use Decisions on Watershed Health (2003-04) NSF Biocomplexity Planning Grant Program $99,900.

Teneyck, Toby. Co-Principal Investigator (with Peter Cowen, Lee-Ann Jaykus, and Roberta Morales). "Designing Effective Risk Communication Messages Based on Microbial Risk Assessment Outcomes." United States Department of Agriculture, November 2001-September 2003. $590,980.

Thomson, J. S. Biotechnology Media Coverage sub-contract through Consumer Acceptance of Food Biotechnology in the United States, Food Policy Institute, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, 2001-2005. Funded by USDA IFAFS. $167,118.

Grants Submitted or in Process

Blanchard, T., T. Lyson, A. McIntosh, L. W. Morton, and C. McCullum. The Effect of Access to Food on Rural Population Health. Submitted to USDA NRI Dec. 2002. $180,000. Not funded.

McIntosh, A., T. Blanchard, T. Lyson, L. W. Morton, and C. McCullum. NIH proposal on Food Systems in process January. 2003. Revise and resubmit.

McIntosh, W. A., Letitia T. Alston, and M. Peck. Mental Models and Peer Influences on Childrens Nutrition. NIH proposal; revise and resubmit 2003. $650,000.

Smith, C., L. W. Morton, and W. A. McIntosh. Work site food environment impacts obesity and Diabetes submitted to National Institutes of Health. May, 2003. $1,844,731.

Ten Eyck, T. A., and J. Thomson. Proposal in process Agricultural Systems and Choices: Public and Private Strategies. January 2003.

Ten Eyck, T. A., P. Allen, R. Jussuame and A. Gillespie. "Access to Alternative Food Systems: Public and private strategies." Submitted to the USDA December 1, 2003. $300,000.

Publications

Bellows, AC and M.W. Hamm. 2003. International Origins of Community Food Security
Policies and Practices in the U.S. Critical Public Health, Special Issue: Food Policy. 13(2):107-123.

Bellows, A.C. 2003 Exposing Violences: Using Women‘s Human Rights Theory to
Reconceptualize Food Rights. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics. 16(3): 249-279.

Bellows, AC and Hamm, MW. 2003. International Origins of Practice and Controversy in
U.S.-based Community Food Security. Journal of the Association for the Study of
Food and Society, Special Issue: Geography of Food Studies. 6(1):31-44.

Bellows, AC. 2001. The Praxis of Food Work in Marianne DeKoven (ed.) Feminist
Locations: Global and Local, Theory and Practice. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers
University Press. pp. 229-256.


Eikenberry, N. and C. Smith. (In press). Attitudes, beliefs and prevalence of dumpster
diving as a means to obtain food by Midwestern, low-income, urban dwellers. Ag and Hum Values.

Hamm, MW and Bellows, AC. 2003. Community Food Security and Nutrition Educators.
Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 35(1):37-43.

Hodne, C. J. (forthcoming 2004). Rural environmental health and industrial agriculture: A case example of concentrated animal feeding operations. In Critical Issues in Rural Health edited by N. Glasgow, L. W. Morton, and N. Johnson. Ames, IA: Iowa State Press.

Lyson, Thomas A. 2002. "Agricultural biotechnologies, the structure of agriculture, and the future of the food system." Pp. 83-88 in Perspectives on Agricultural Biotechnology. Ithaca, NY: Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service (NRAES).

Lyson, Thomas A. (2003). "Civic agriculture." In Encyclopedia of Community edited by G. Chanan et al. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing Group.

Lyson, Thomas A. (2003) "Agricultural scale and community quality." In Encyclopedia of Community. Great Barrington, MA: Berkshire Publishing Group.

Lyson, Thomas A. 2002. "Advanced agricultural biotechnologies and sustainable agriculture." Trends in Biotechnology 20:193-196.

Lyson, Thomas A. 2001. "The promise of a more civic agriculture." Catholic Rural Life 43(2):40-43.

McCullum, C., D. Pelletier, D. Barr, and J. Wilkins. 2002. Use of a participatory planning process as a way to build community food security. Journal of the American Dietetic Association 102:962-967.

McIntosh, Alex, Dianne Sykes, and Karen S. Kubena. 2002. "Religion and community among the elderly: The relationship between religious and secular characteristics of the elderly‘s social networks." Review of Religious Research. Vol. x .

McIntosh, Alex and Jeff Sobal. (forthcoming 2004) "Rural diet, nutrition, and body weight." In Critical Issues for Rural Health edited by N. Glasgow, L. W. Morton, and N. Johnson. Ames: Iowa State Press.

McIntosh, Alex. "Problems in communicating food safety risk to the public." In Research Directions in Food Safety edited by R. C. Beier, R. L. Ziprin, and T. D. Phillips. Ames: Iowa State Press.

McIntosh, Alex and John K. Thomas. 2002 "Economic and other determinants of the prevalence of HIV: A test of competing hypotheses." Sociological Quarterly. Forthcoming.

McIntosh, Wm. Alex and Nazrul Hoque. 2003. Predictors of female and male smoking prevalence and the male-female differential in smoking. Journal of Health and Social Behavior.

Morton, L. W. (2003) Rural Health Policy Chapter 22, pages 330-344 in Challenges for
Rural America in the 21st Century (ed) David Brown and Louis Swanson. The Rural
Studies Series. Penn State Press.

Morton, L.W., B.L. Allen, and T. Li. (forthcoming) Rural Housing Adequacy and Civic
Structure Sociological Inquiry.

Morton, L. W. (forthcoming 2004). Patterns of spatial inequality in Critical Issues for Rural Health edited by N. Glasgow, L. W. Morton, and N. Johnson. Ames: Iowa State Press, Division of Blackwell.

Morton, L. W., D. Worthen, and L. Weatherspoon. (forthcoming 2004). Rural food security and health in Critical Issues for Rural Health edited by N. Glasgow, L. W. Morton, and N. Johnson. Ames: Iowa State Press, Division of Blackwell.

Muqoz, Ed A., Catherine Lillehoj Goldberg, and Delfino Vargas-Chanes. 2002. Iowa Latino Im/migrant Families: Negotiating an Optimal Level of Cultural Assimilation. Pp. 59-79 In Illusions of Borders: The National Presence of Mexicanos in the U.S. edited by Gilberto Garcma and Jerry Garcma. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.

Muqoz, Ed A, Catherine Lillehoj Goldberg, and Martha Dettman. (in press). Substance use prevention: An Iowa Mexican immigrant family perspective. In Cocktails and Dreams: An Interpretive Perspective on Drug Abuse. Edited by Wilson R. Palacios and Paul F. Comwell. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

Pelletier, D., C. McCullum, V. Kraak, and K. Asher. Participation, power, and beliefs shape local food and nutrition policy. Journal of Nutrition (in press).

Peters C. J., N. Bills, J. L. Wilkins, and R. D. Smith. 2003. Fruit Consumption, Dietary Guidelines and Agricultural Production in New York State Implications for Local Food Economies. Research Bulletin 2003-02, Department of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University. http://aem.cornell.edu/research/researchpdf/rb0302.pdf.

Peters C. J., N. Bills, J. L. Wilkins, and R. D. Smith. 2002. Vegetable Consumption, Dietary Guidelines and Agricultural Production in New York State Implications for Local Food Economies. Research Bulletin 2002-07, Department of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University. http://aem.cornell.edu/research/researchpdf/rb0207.pdf

Robinson R. and C. Smith. (2003). Integrating issues of sustainably produced foods into nutrition practice: A survey of Minnesota Dietetic Association Members. J Am Diet Assoc, 103 (5):608-611.

Robinson R. and C. Smith. (2003). Associations between consumer health consciousness and attitudes about sustainably produced foods. Ag and Human Values, 20(2):177-187.

Ten Eyck, Toby A. and Melissa Williment. (Forthcoming 2004). "The more things change . . . : Milk pasteurization, food irradiation, and biotechnology in the New York Times." The Social Science Journal 41.

Ten Eyck, Toby A. and Melissa Williment. 2003. "The national media and things genetic: Coverage in The New York Times (1971 - 2000) and Washington Post, (1977-2000)." Science Communication

Wilkins J. L., E. Bowdish, and J. Sobal. 2002. Consumer perceptions of seasonal and local foods: A study in a US community. Ecology of Food and Nutrition 41:415-439.

Wilkins, J., V. Kraak, D. Pelletier, C. McCullum, and U. Uusitalo. 2001. Moving from debate to dialogue about genetically engineered foods and crops: Insights from a land-grant university. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 18(2/3):167-201.

Young, Frank W. and Thomas A. Lyson 2001. "Structural pluralism and all-cause mortality." American Journal of Public Health 91:136-138.

Publications submitted/under review

Bitto, E. A., L. W. Morton, M. J. Oakland, and M. Sand. 2003. Grocery store access patterns in rural food deserts. Submitted to The Journal for the Study of Food and Society.

Eikenberry N., and C. Smith. (Under review) Healthy eating: Perceptions, motivations, barriers, and promoters in low-income Minnesota communities. J Am Diet Assoc.

Eikenberry N., and C. Smith. (Under review). Civic engagement and urban and rural influence on food access and fruit and vegetable intake. J Nutr Ed Behav

McIntosh, Alex, Letitia Alston, Dianne Sykes, and Clasina Segura. 2002. "Determinants of multiple use of telemedicine." Health Services Research. Under review.

McIntosh, Wm. Alex, R. John Booher, Letitia T. Alston, Dianne Sykes, and Classina Segura. 2003. Time spent with patients and cost to patients experiencing telemedicine. Journal of Telemedicine and Telehealth. Under review.

Morton, L. W., E. A. Bitto, M.J. Oakland, and M. Sand. 2003. Solving the problems of Iowa food deserts: Food insecurity and civic structure revise and resubmit Rural Sociology.

Technical Reports/Websites/CD/Educational-Outreach Products

Blanchard, T. and T. Lyson. 2003. Access to Low Cost Groceries in Nonmetropolitan Counties: Large Retailers and the Creation of Food Deserts Southern Rural Development Center Measuring Rural Diversity Conference Proceedings. Available at:
http://srdc.msstate.edu/measuring/ruraldiversity.htm

Greder, K, S. Garasky, H. Jensen, and L. W. Morton. 2002. Iowa Food Security Report Card Project. Iowa State University.

Hanson, M. M. and L. W. Morton. 2002. Age-adjusted Mortality Rates by Selected Causes for U.S. Counties Based on Urban Influence by Four U.S. Regions 1968-97. Iowa State University.

Melvin S., J. Mabry, W. Powers, J. Kliebenstein, K. Donham, and C. Hodne. Industry structure and trends in Iowa. In Iowa State University and The University of Iowa Study Group. Iowa concentrated animal feeding operations air quality study, 18-34, February 2002.

Morton, L.W., B.L. Allen, and T. Li. 2003. Housing, Health, and Community: Selected
Case Studies in Iowa. Technical report. Rural Development Initiative RDI 124.

Morton, L.W., K. Greder, N. Paxton, S. Garasky, H. Jensen. 2003. Iowa Food Security,
Insecurity, and Hunger website www.extension.iastate.edu/hunger

Morton, L.W., M.J. Oakland, E.A. Bitto, M. Sand, and Susan Klein. 2003. Food in My
Community: A Case Study of a Des Moines Neighborhood. Iowa State University
Extension. Department of Sociology and Extension Family Nutrition Program. Technical Report number 001

Morton, L.W., M.J. Oakland, E.A. Bitto, M. Sand, and Vera Stokes. 2003. Food in My
Community: A Case Study of a Davenport Neighborhood. Iowa State University Extension. Department of Sociology and Extension Family Nutrition Program. Technical Report number 002

Morton, L.W., M.J. Oakland, E.A. Bitto, and M. Sand. 2003. Food in My Community: A
Case Study of Decatur County. Iowa State University Extension. Department of Sociology and Extension Family Nutrition Program. Technical Report number 003.

Morton, L.W., M.J. Oakland, E.A. Bitto, and M. Sand. 2003. Food in My Community: A
Case Study of Monroe County. Iowa State University Extension. Department of Sociology and Extension Family Nutrition Program. Technical Report number 004.

Morton, L. W., M. J. Oakland, E. A. Bitto, M. Sand, and B. Michaels. 2002. Iowa Community Food Assessment Project Report 2001-02. Iowa State University. Department of Sociology.




Presentations/Posters/Conferences
Bellows, A. 2003, Paper presenter and panel co-organizer, Labors of Nutrition:
Negotiating Food Systems with the (Un)Common Skills and Everyday Praxis of Food Work on panel, From soil to food: contradictions, inequalities, and in/efficiencies in agro-food systems. Association for American Geography, Annual Conference. New Orleans, LA, 4-8 Mar 2003.

Bellows, A. 2002. Paper presenter and panel co-organizer, Labors of Nutrition:
Negotiating Food Systems with the (Un)Common Skills and Everyday Praxis of Food Work on panel, Transformative Commodities and Political Food: Skills, Consumption and Geographic Knowledge. Middle States Regional Geography Conference. Upper Montclair, NJ, 11-13 October 2002.

Bellows, A. 2002. Paper presenter, with MW Hamm. Cooking in the Local Food
System: Nutritional Behaviors of Undergraduate Students and Low Income Community Residents; 2 Parts: A) Food Preparation Practices; B) Local Food Systems Engagements Annual Joint Meeting of the Agriculture, Food and Human Values Society (AFHVS) and the Association for the Study of Food and Society (ASFS), Chicago. 12-16 June 2002.

Bellows, A. 2002. Poster presenter, with EV Bandera, MW Hamm, P Schoenfeld.
Assessing Food Skills Knowledge Associated with Vegetable, Fruit, and Whole Grain Consumption for Cancer Prevention in a Low-Income Population: Results from Two Focus Groups. New Jersey Cancer Commission; Annual Cancer Retreat. Princeton. 24 April 2002.

Bellows, A. 2002. Poster presenter, with EV Bandera, MW Hamm, P Schoenfeld.
Assessing Public Health Nutrition Needs in a Low-Income Population: Results rom Two Focus Groups. New Jersey Cancer Commission; Annual Cancer Retreat. Princeton. 24 April 2002.

Bellows, A. 2001. Paper presenter. The Impact of Cooking Skills on Nutritional Health
and Local Food Systems. Annual Joint Meeting of the Agriculture, Food and Human Values Society (AFHVS) and the Association for the Study of Food and Society (ASFS), Minneapolis. 7-10 June 2001.

Bellows, A. 2001. Paper presenter. Knowledge, Survival, Reminders: Urban Livestock
Agriculture in New Jersey. In session, Gardens as Cultural Survival/Gardens as Resistance. Association for American Geography, Annual Conference. New York. 27 Feb.-3 Mar. 2001.

Bitto, E. A. and L. W. Morton. 2003. Local Transportation and the Food Environment. Paper presented at the Rural Sociological Society annual meeting, Montreal, Canada, July 29.

Blanchard, Troy C. 2002. Does the Effect of Inequality Vary? A Race Disaggregated Analysis of Mortality in Non-Metropolitan Counties. Paper presented at the Rural Sociological Society Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL. August.

Blanchard, Troy C. 2002. Civic Community and All Cause Mortality in U.S. Counties, 1990. Paper presented at the Southern Sociological Society Meetings, Baltimore, MD.

McIntosh, Alex. 2002. "Parental Time Constraints, Role Strains, Coping, and Children‘s Diet and Nutrition." Presented at the Food Assistance Research: Recent Findings and Emerging Issues Conference. Washington, DC. May.

McIntosh, Alex and Karen S. Kubena. 2002. "Time Constraints, Role Strains, and Adolescent Nutrition: Preliminary Results." Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Food and Society. Chicago, IL. June.

Morton, L. W. and E. A. Bitto, M. J. Oakland, and M. Sand. 2003 poster Civic Structure and Food Deserts Rural Sociological Society annual meeting in Montreal. First place.

Morton, L. W. September 5, 2003. Creating a Local Community Food Security Profile: Data. Iowa Food Policy Conference. Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa.

Morton, L. W., E. A. Bitto, M. J. Oakland, and M. Sand. 2003. Solving the Problems of Food Deserts: Personal Networks and Civic Structure. Paper presented at the Rural Sociological Society Annual Meeting. Chicago, IL. August 27.

Morton, L. W. , E. A. Bitto, M. J. Oakland, M. Sand, and B. Michaels. 2003. Food Deserts and Civic Structure. Poster presentation at the Rural Sociological Society Annual Meeting. Montreal, Canada. July. Best Poster Award.

Morton, L. W. March 25, 2003. Food Deserts and Civic Structure. Iowa Public Health Conference. Ames, Iowa.

Morton, L. W. 2002. Does Food Insecurity Exist in Iowa? Nutrition Policy in Action, Iowa Dietetic Association, Des Moines, IA. March.

Morton, L. W. 2002. Food Security Assessment for Iowa. First Iowa Food Policy Conference. Drake University, Des Moines, IA. April.

Morton, L. W. 2002. Civic Engagement to Solve Food Access Problems. The Food System as an Instrument of Public Health, satellite videoconference originating from Iowa State University, Ames, IA. April.

Oakland, M. J., L. W. Morton, E. A. Bitto, M. Sand, and B. Michaels. 2003. Community Food Assessment: Food choice Challenges in Rural and Urban Areas with Few Grocery Stores. Society for Nutrition Education Conference, August.

Smith, C. and N. Eikenberry. Associations among fruit and vegetable consumption and body mass index in urban and rural community members. NAASO, Fall 2003.

Thomson, J. S. and L. M. Dininni. 2003. What National Media Coverage of Food Biotechnology Tells Us. Paper presented at the Agriculture, Food, and Human Values Society and Association for the Study of Food and Society joint annual meeting, Austin, TX, June 13.

Webber, Caroline and Thomas A. Lyson 2001. "American food deserts: A case study in rural New York." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Agriculture, Food and Human Values Society, Minneapolis, MN. June.

Welsh, Rick and Thomas A. Lyson. 2001. "Anti-corporate farming laws‘ impact on rural community welfare." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Rural Sociological Society. Albuquerque, NM. August.