SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report

Status: Approved

Basic Information

Participants

Baker, John [baker@anr.msu.edu] Michigan; Davis, Duane [davis@ksu.edu] Kansas; Diekman, Mark [mdiekman@purdue.edu] Indiana; Flowers, William [william_flowers@ncsu.edu] North Carolina; Guthrie, H. Dave [dave.guthrie@ars.usda.gov] USDA-BARC; Khauer, Mark [mkhauer@pork.org] National Pork Board (visitor); Kirkwood, Roy [kirkwood@cvm.msu.edu] Michigan; Knox, Rob [rknow@illinois.edu] Illinois (visitor); Miles, Jeremy [jeremy.miles@ars.usda.gov] USDA-USMARC; Miller, Dave [djmille@illinois.edu] Illinois; Parrish, John [parrish@ansci.wisc.edu] Wisconsin; Pettigrew, Jim [jepettig@illinois.edu] Illinois (visitor); Rempel, Lea [lea.rempel@ars.usda.gov] USDA-USMARC (visitor); Ross, Jason [jwross@iastate.edu] Iowa; Safranski, Tim [safranskit@missouri.edu] Missouri; White, Brett [bwhite2@unlnotes.unl.edu] Nebraska; Wilson, Matt [mwilso25@wvu.edu] West Virginia;

The 2010 annual meeting of the NCERA057 was held at the magnificent Corporate Office of the Maschhoff's in Carlyle, IL. The meeting was called to order by Dave Miller, Vice Chair and local host, at 8:30 AM on Tuesday, May 25. Dave provided background information on the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign pertaining to the academic enrollment, costs, and administrative structure. He also provided details on the Animal Science department at Illinois, which has 43 faculty, ~100 graduate students, and ~535 undergraduate students. Dave also noted that the Animal Science department was taking significant budget cuts (9.5%) this year. John Baker, Adminstrative Advisor to NCERA057, addressed the committee stating that the NCERA057 five year renewal had become effective and runs through 2014. He indicated that we need to submit a mid-term report next year (2011) and that the rewrite will occur in 2013. John also praised the organization and accomplishments, especially the biennial symposium, of the NCERA057 committee and indicated that this specific committee was among the best that he serves as an Adminstriative Advisor. Since the program was running ahead of schedule, Matt Wilson, Chairman, initated the business meeting. Jason Ross was unanimously elected as the next Secretary, Jeremy Miles will move up to Vice Chair, and Dave Miller will become the Chair. After an intense battle between BARC and USMARC, it was decided that the USMARC would host the next annual meeting. The tentative dates selected for the 2011 annual meeting were May 24th and 25th (Tuesday and Wednesday) with travel day on Monday May 23rd. Adele Turzillo, National Program Leader for Animal Production Systems within the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA), addressed the committee via conference call at 9:00 am. Adele provided an update on the newly established Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) and the seven Requests for Applications (RFA) within AFRI. She also provided details regarding the NIFA budget and highlighted some personnel updates. She noted that many complaints had arisen with the current RFAs and indicated that NIFA would have a public stakeholder meeting in Washington, DC on June 2, 2010 to help rectify some of these issues. She also suggested that we submit comments to NIFA prior to this meeting as individuals and more importantly as groups, likely NCERA057. Jim Pettigrew noted that the Federation of Animal Science Societies would be submitting a formal comment and suggestion letter to NIFA. Finally, Adele indicated that she would be at the Joint ASAS/ADSA meeting in Denver and Mark Mirando would be at the SSR meeting in Milwakee if there were additional questions or comments. Station reports began at 9:45 am with reports from Billy Flowers, Dave Guthrie, Matt Wilson, Jeremy Miles, and Jason Ross. Prior to Jeremy's report, Lea Rempel introduced herself and her research interests (sow productive lifetime) to the committee as she will become a co-representative for the USMARC in the very near future. Following a pork barbeque sandwich lunch provided by the Maschhoffs, the 2010 Biennial NCERA057 symposium entitled "Gilt Development" began at 1:00 pm with the following program: - Rob English, TML: Welcome to TML. - Charles Francisco, Intervet/Schering-Plough: Recent Experiments in France. - Billy Flowers, NCSU: Neonatal Environment and Adult Fertility. - Roy Kirkwood, MSU: Inducing Puberty and Maintaining Cyclicity. - Duane Davis, KSU: Review of Approved Systems to Synchronize Estrus in Gilts. - Archie Clutter, Newsham Choice Genetics: Genetic Selection for Lifetime Productivity. - Matt Frizzo, TML: Gilt Development Current State at The Maschhoffs. The symposium and meeting adjourned at 5:00 pm. We then had dinner at the LuBar & Bistro in Carlyle, IL with all the committee members and visitors along with some individuals from the Maschhoffs. The continuation of the business meeting was called to order by Matt Wilson at 8:30 am on Wednesday, May 26th. The dates for the 2011 meeting in Clay Center, NE were finalized as May 24th and 25th. Hotel rooms will be blocked off at the Holiday Inn Express in Hastings, NE. Members flying into to either Omaha or Lincoln airports will be picked up by Jeremy Miles or Lea Rempel, local hosts on Monday, May 23rd. Discussions were initiated by Duane Davis on how to improve the symposium by getting better feedback from producers (i.e., focus groups or Q&A sessions). Tim Safranski noted that the past symposiums have covered most of the topics facing reproductive issues in swine production and now the question is what the next symposium should cover. Lea Rempel suggested that we have a focus group with key stakeholders and producers during the year between the symposiums to get ideas for the next symposium for key reproductive issues. It was noted by Duane and Billy that consultants would likely give the best input on these issues and that Don Levis would be an excellent facilitator for this focus group. As a result, it was decided that we will organize a focus group of around 6 consultants with Don Levis as the facilitator to be held as a Webinar during the 2011 annual meeting at Clay Center, NE to help identify the next topic for the biennal symposium. The organizing committee will consist of Duane Davis, Jeremy Miles, Lea Rempel, and John Parrish. Next, Tim Safranski noted that a thank you letter should be sent to the Maschhoffs for hosting the annual meeting and symposium with special thanks given to Bradley Wolters, TML Chief Operating Officer, and Missy. It was noted that Matt Wilson and Dave Miller would send this letter. Following the business meeting, Duane Davis and Dave Guthrie discussed some of the comments and issues that had been returned from the submitted AFRI grant on Seasonal Infertility, which was not funded. More comments, questions, and complaints regarding the new AFRI RFAs and format were brought up during this discussion. It was decided that the committee will submit a comment and suggestion letter to NIFA and that Matt Wilson and Dave Miller would draft and submit of this letter. Final station reports were then given and these included John Parrish, Brett White, Roy Kirkwood, Duane Davis, Tim Safranski, and Dave Miller. During Tim's report, he suggested that an abstract be submitted at the next Midwest ASAS meeting summarizing the past biennial symposia. Furthermore, it was suggested that this abstract be submitted and presented during the Billy Day symposium. The meeting was adjourned at 12:00 pm. Respectfully submitted, Jeremy Miles, Secretary, NCERA057

Accomplishments

1. The Biennial NCERA057 symposium entitled "Gilt Development" was presented at the Maschhoffs Corporate Office and included speakers from the NCERA057 committee as well as from industry that presented on various aspects of gilt development. This symposium had a diverse audience of around 100 guests that included many academic, government, and industry researchers and stakeholders. 2. Several publications were published by committee members and their associates during the past year that provide scientific knowledge and impact on reproductive efficiency in swine. 3. Inititated the Swine Consultant Focus Group to determine key issues on swine reproduction. This will help the committee determine the next Biennial NCERA057 symposium topic and ensure that research focuses of the committee meet the current concerns of swine production.

Impacts

  1. Developed teaching modules that will help institutions transition from traditional lecture- based animal science curriculum to online-based curriculum, including laboratories that focus on domestic animal reproduction.
  2. Discovered specific sugars (glycans) in the oviduct that bind sperm to form a reservoir, which may alter sperm function and allow sperm to survive extended periods of time.
  3. Developed a new miniature swine model of retinitis pigmentosa that can be viable animal model for biomedical research.
  4. Discovered key proteins involved in ER-Golgi transport, known as porosomes, which regulate key physiological functions such as reproduction, energy production, growth, and hormone release.
  5. Developed a better understanding of the effects of cryopreservation and post-thaw processing on boar sperm survival and reproductive performance.
  6. Refined systems for in vitro production and nuclear transfer of pig embryos.
  7. Developed a better understanding of the function of regulatory elements within the promoter region of the GnRH receptor by utilizing a variety of unique pig breeds and lines.
  8. Illustrated the effects of neonatal environment and puberty induction strategies on reproductive performance in pigs.
  9. Demonstrated reactive oxygen species formation and membrane lipid peroxidation in viable boar sperm.
  10. Provided details on the involvement of glycosaminoglycans and their degrading enzymes on the development of the microscopic folded-bilayer in the pig placenta.
  11. Identified many SNPs within candidate genes that have associations on reproductive traits in swine.
  12. Refined Fourier harmonic analysis of boar sperm shape to better describe fertility of semen samples.

Publications

Am-in N, Kirkwood RN, Techakumphu M, Tantasuparuk W. 2010. Relationship between boar sperm motility and quality after storage for 24 h at 18 C. Canadian Journal of Animal Science (in press). Am-in N, Kirkwood RN, Techakumphu M, Tantasuparuk W. 2010. Lipid profiles of sperm and seminal plasma from boars having normal or low sperm motility. Theriogenology (in press). Anderson, LL. 2009. EDITORIAL FORWARD for Cell Secretion Review SeriesCell Secretion: an orchestra involving intracellular protein transport, the universal secretory machinery-porosome, and secretory vesicle swelling-induced content release. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine. (In press). Anderson, LL. 2009. Reproductive biology of pigs. Animal Industry Report. A.S. Leaflet R2443. Ansenberger K, Richards C, Zhuge Y, Barua A, Bahr JM, Luborsky J and Hales DB. 2010. Decreased severity of ovarian cancer and increased survival in hens fed a flaxseed enriched diet for one year. Gynecolic Oncology 117:341-347. Ansenberger K, Zhuge Y, Lagman JAJ, Mahon C, Barua A, Bahr JM, Hales DB. 2009. E-cadherin expression in ovarian cancer in the laying hen, Gallus domesticus. Gynecologic Oncology 113: 362-269. Artac, R.A., R.M. McFee, R.A. Smith, M.M. Baltes-Breitwisch, D.T. Clopton, and A.S. Cupp. 2009. Neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor antiangiogenic isoforms is more effective than treatment with proangiogenic isoforms in stimulating vascular development and follicle progression in the perinatal rat ovary. Biology of Reproduction 81:978-988. Baldock, K. D., M. E. Wilson and D. L. Smith. 2010. Short Communications: Effect of a Pre-synchronization Injection of Prostaglandin F2a during the Voluntary Waiting Period on Dairy Cattle. Journal of Dairy Science (Submitted 2/19/10). Baltes-Breitwisch, M.M., R.A. Artac, R.C. Bott, R.M. McFee, J.G. Kerl, D.T. Clopton, and A.S. Cupp. 2010. Neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor antiangiogenic isoforms or administration of proangiogenic isoforms stimulates vascular development in the rat testis. Reproduction [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID:20457593. Bakst MR, Donoghue AM, Yoho DE, Moyle JR, Whipple SM, Camp MJ, Liu GQ, Bramwell K. comparisons of sperm storage tubule distribution and number in 4 strains of mature broiler breeders and in turkey hens before and after the onset of photostimulation. Poultry Science 2010 89:986-992. Bakst MR, Akuffo V. Morphology of the turkey vagina with and without an egg mass in the uterus. Poultry Science 2009 88:631-635. Barua A, Bitterman P, Abramowicz JS, Dirks AL, Bahr JM, Hales DB, Bradaric MJ, Edassery SL. Rotmensch J, Luborsky JL 2009. Histopathology of ovarian tumors in laying hens, a preclinical model for human ovarian cancer. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 19 (4):531-539. Barua A, Bitterman P, Bahr JM, Bradaric M, Hales DB, Luborsky JL, and Abramowicz J. 2010. Detection of tumor associated neo-angiogenesis by Doppler ultrasound during early stage ovarian cancer in laying hens: A preclinical spontaneous model of human ovarian cancer. Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 29:173-182. Bass, B.E., R.A. Cederberg, G.A. Mills, C.M. Clay, and B.R. White. 2010. Responsiveness of GnRH receptor and gonadotropin subunit genes to GnRH in lines of swine divergent for ovulation rate. Reproduction (Submitted). Benoit, AM, Molina, JR, Lkhagvadorj, S, Anderson, LL. 2009. Prolactin secretion after hypothalamic deafferentation in beef calves: response to haloperidol, a-methyl-r-tyrosine, thyrotropin-releasing hormone and ovariectomy. Animal Reproduction Science 111:54-98. Bischoff, S.R., Tsai, S., Hardison, N., Motsinger-Reif, A.A., Freking, B.A., Nonneman, D., Rohrer, G., Piedrahita, J.A. 2009. Characterization of conserved and nonconserved imprinted genes in swine. Biology of Reproduction 81(5):906-920. Bischoff, S.R., Tsai, S., Hardison, N., Motsinger-Reif, A.A., Freking, B.A., Piedrahita, J.A. 2009. Functional genomic approaches for the study of fetal/placental development in swine with special emphasis on imprinted genes. Society of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement 66:245-264. Bleck GT, MB Wheeler, LB Hansen, H Chester-Jones, and DJ Miller. 2009. Lactose synthase components in milk: Concentrations of a-lactalbumin and b1,4galactosyltransferase in milk of cows from several breeds at various stages of lactation. Reproduciton in Domestic Animals 44:241-247. Blomberg L. A., Schreier, L. L, Guthrie, H. D., Sample, G. L., Vallet, J., Caperna, T. Ramsay, T. 2010. The Effect of Intrauterine Growth Retardation on the Expression of Developmental Factors in Porcine Placenta Subsequent to Placentation. Placenta 2010 Apr 7. [Epub ahead of print] PubMed PMID: 20381143. Blomberg L.A., Schreier L.L, Li R.W. Characteristics of Peri-Implantation Porcine Concepti Population and Maternal Milieu Influence the Transcriptome Profile. Submitted for publication to Molecular Reproduction and Development. (Pending review). Boltz CR, Belton RA, Boltz DA, Dirks A, Bunick D, Scherba G, Bahr JM. 2010. Vaccination of roosters against avian infectious bronchitis virus results in autoimmunity to sperm (submitted). Caperna T. J., Shannon A. E., Blomberg L. A., Garrett W. M., Ramsay T.G. 2010. Identification of protein carbonyls in serum of the fetal and neonatal pig. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology [Epub ahead of print]. Cassar G, Kirkwood RN, Friendship RM. 2009. Low sow reproductive performance related to estrus detection and timing of insemination. The Pig Journal 62:7-9. Cassar G, Friendship RM, Zak L, Kirkwood RN. 2010. Effect of eCG dose on the estrus response of gilts and weaned sows and effect of the interval between eCG and pLH injections on sow performance. Journal of Swine Health and Production (in press). Cederberg, R.A., E.A. McDonald, C. Lee, R.A. Friedrich, A.R. Cropp, and B.R. White. 2010. Activity of the porcine GnRH receptor gene in aT3-1 cells is partially conferred by a distal swine upstream promoter enhancing region (SUPER) and two proximal steroidogenic factor-1 binding sites. Endocrinology (Submitted). Checura C.M., Beg M.A., Gastal E.L., Gastal M.O., Wiltbank M.C., Parrish J.J., and Ginther O.J. 2009. Effect of Suppression of FSH with a GnRH Antagonist (Acyline) Before and During Follicle Deviation in the Mare. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44(3):504-11 Checura C.M., Beg M.A., Parrish J.J., and Ginther O.J. 2010. Functional relationships among intrafollicular insulin-like growth factor 1, circulatory gonadotropins, and development of the dominant follicle in mares. Animal Reproduction Science 118(2-4):270-8. Chen L, Belton Jr. RJ, Nowak RA. 2009. Basigin-mediated gene expression changes in mouse uterine stromal cells during implantation. Endocrinology 150:966-976 [Epub October 1, 2008], PMID18832103. Chen L, Bi J, Nakai M, Bunick D, Couse JF, Korach KS, Nowak RA. 2010. Expression of Basigin in reproductive tissues of estrogen receptor-alpha or beta null mice. Reproduction [Epub April 13, 2010], PMID20388736. Cherrington, B.D., T.A. Farmerie, R.A. Cederberg, C.M. Clay, and B.R. White. 2010. Emergence of a new regulatory element in the proximal promoter of the gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor in Chinese Meishan swine. Biology of Reproduction (Provisionally Accepted). Conley, A., Ford, J. 2009. Comment: The comparative and evolutionary biology of vertebrate aromatase. Journal of Experimental Zoology 311A(5):313. Corbin, C.J., Berger, T., Ford, J.J., Roselli, C.E., Sienkiewicz, W., Trainor, B.C., Roser, J.F., Vidal, J.D., Harada, N., Conley, A.J. 2009. Porcine hypothalamic aromatase cytochrome P450: Isoform characterization, sex-dependent activity, regional expression, and regulation by enzyme inhibition in neonatal boars. Biology of Reproduction 81(2):388-395. Cupp, A.S., J. Matthews, E. Huff-Lonergan, D.M. Spurlock, and D. McLean. 2009. Cell biology symposium: the role of microRNA in cell function. Journal of Animal Science 87 (Suppl. 14):E19-20. Cushman, R.A., M.F. Allan, L.A. Kuehn, W.M. Snelling, A.S. Cupp, and H.C. Freetly. 2009. Evaluation of antral follicle count and ovarian morphology in crossbred beef cows: investigation of influence of stage of the estrous cycle, age, and birth weight. 87:1971-1980. Cushman, R.A., J.R. Wood, R.G. Slattery, D.T. Clopton, J. Smith, K.A. Beavers, W.E. Pohlmeier, J.W. Bergman, K.V. Moline, and A.S. Cupp. 2010. Reproductive aging influences ovarian function in beef cows. 2010 Nebraska Beef Report pp. 16-17. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Davis, D.L., Stevenson, J.S. 2010. Estrus Synchronization: Horses, Pigs, Sheep, and Goats. In : Encyclopedia of Animal Science, 2nd Edition (in press). Echternkamp, S.E., Cushman, R.A., Allan, M.F. 2009. Size of ovulatory follicles in cattle expressing multiple ovulations naturally and its influence on corpus luteum development and fertility. Journal of Animal Science 87(11):3556-3568. Erkens, T., Rohrer, G.A., Van Zeveren, A., Peelman, L.J. 2009. SNP detection in the porcine PPARGC1A promoter region and 3'UTR, and an association analysis in a Landrace-Duroc-Yorkshire population. Czech Journal of Animal Science 54(9):408-416. Flowers, W.L. 2009. Swine: Reproduction Management. In: Encyclopedia of Animal Science. W.G. Pond and A.W. Bell (eds.), Marcell Dekker, Inc., New York , 829-831. Flowers, W.L. 2009. Biotechnology: Artificial Insemination. In: Encyclopedia of Animal Science. W.G. Pond and A.W. Bell (eds.), Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York , pp. 137-139. Flowers, W.L. 2009. Selection for boar fertility and semen quality  the way ahead. Soceity of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement 66:67-78. Ford, J.J., Rohrer, G.A., Nonneman, D.J., Lunstra, D.D., Wise, T.H. 2010. Association of allelic variants of thyroid-binding globulin with puberty in boars and responses to hemicastration. Animal Reproduction Science 119(3-4):228-234. Ford, J.J., Wise, T.H. 2009. Sertoli cell differentiation in pubertal boars. Journal of Animal Science 87(8):2536-2543. Garcia JC, Dominguez JC, Pena FJ, Alegre B, Gonzalez R, Castro MJ, Habing GG, Kirkwood RN. 2010. Thawing boar semen in seminal plasma: Effects on sperm quality in vitro and sow fertility. Animal Reproduction Science 119:160-165. Garcia JC, Dominguez JC, Manjarin R, Alegre B, Kirkwood RN. 2010. Effect of thawing frozen boar semen in 50% seminal plasma on sow fertility. Livestock Science (submitted). Guthrie H. D, Welch G. R. 2010. Using fluorescence-activated flow cytometry to determine reactive oxygen species formation and membrane lipid peroxidation in viable boar spermatozoa. Ed. Armstrong., In: Advanced Protocols for Oxidative Stress II. Humana Press Inc., New York. pp. 163-171. Grudzien MM, Low P, Manning PC, Arredondo M, Belton Jr. RJ, Nowak RA. 2010. The antifibrotic drug halofuginone inhibits proliferation and collagen production by human leiomyoma and myometrial smooth muscle cells. Fertility and Sterility 93:1290-8 [Epub January 9, 2009], PMID19135664. Hao, Y., D. Wax, Z. Zhong, C.N. Murphy, L. Spate, M. Samuel, A. Rieke, P. Dyce, J. Li, R.S. Prather. 2009. The potential of the porcine skin-derived stem cells as donors cells for nuclear transfer. Cloning and Stem Cells 11:101-110. Harris, D.L., Huderson, A.C., Niaz, M.S., Ford, J.J., Archibong, A.E., Ramesh, A. 2009. Comparative metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene by ovarian microsomes of various species. Environmental Toxicology 24(6):603-609. Holl, J.W., Rohrer, G.A., Brown-Brandl, T.M. 2010. Estimates of genetic parameters among scale activity scores, growth, and fatness in pigs. Journal of Animal Science 88(2):455-459. Hughes PE, Smits RJ, Kirkwood RN. 2010. Relationship between sow liveweight, P2 backfat depth and culling rates. Journal of Swine Health and Production (in press). Isom, S.C., L. Lai, R.S. Prather, E.B. Rucker III. 2009. Heat shock of porcine zygotes immediately after oocyte activation increase viability. Molecular Reproduction and Development 76:548-554. Isom, S.C., R.S. Prather, E.B. Rucker, III. 2009. The enhanced developmental potential of heat stressed porcine parthenogenetic embryos is associated with accelerated inactivation of the MAP kinase signaling cascade. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21:892-900. Khatib H., Huang W., Schutzkus V., Khatib R., Monson, R.L., and Parrish J.J. 2010. Validation of in-vitro fertility genes in a Holstein bull population. Journal of Dairy Science (accepted). Koch, J. M., T. A. Wilmoth and M. E. Wilson. 2010. Peri-conceptional growth hormone treatment alters fetal growth and development. Journal of Animal Science 88:1619-1625. Koh, S, Lee, K, Wang, C, Cabot, RA, and Machaty, Z. 2009. STIM1 regulates store-operated Ca2+ entry in oocytes. Developmental Biology 330:368-376. Knox, R. M. Day, G. Lewis, M. Lucy, and K. Vonnahme. 2009. Triennial Reproduction Symposium: Challenges and opportunities facing livestock reproduction in the 21st century. http://jas.fass.org/cgi/reprint/jas.2009-2717v1. Knox, R., J. Taibl, M. Altmyer, S. Breen, D. Canaday, and A. Visconti. 2009. Assessment of follicle population changes in sows from day of weaning and during estrus using real-time ultrasound. Soceity of Reproduction and Fertility Supplement 66:199-200. Krisher, R.L., Wheeler, M.B. 2010. Towards use of microfluidics for individual embryo culture. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22:32-39. Lan Levengood, S.K., Polak, S.J., Wheeler, M.B., Maki, A.J., Clark, S.G., Jamison, R.D., Wagoner Johnson, A.J. 2010. Multiscale osteointegration as a new paradigm for the design of calcium phosphate scaffolds for bone regeneration. Biomaterials 31, 3552-3563. Lan Levengood, S.K., Polak, S.J., Wheeler, M.B., Maki, A.J., Clark, S.G., Jamison, R.D., Wagoner Johnson, A.J. 2010. The effect of BMP-2 on micro and macroscale osteointegration of biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds with multiscale porosity. Acta Biomaterialia (accepted) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2010.02.026. Landers EA, HR Burkin, GT Bleck, L Lesley Howell-Skalla, and DJ Miller. 2009. Porcine b 1,4galactosyltransferase-I sequence and expression. Reproduction in Domestic Animals 44:228-234. Larson, D.M., A.S. Cupp, and R.N. Funston. 2010. Extending grazing in heifer development systems decreases cost without compromising production. 2010 Nebraska Beef Report pp. 7-10. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Larson, D.M., J.A. Musgrave, and R.N. Funston. 2010. Estrous synchronization increases early calving frequency, which enhances steer progeny value. 2010 Nebraska Beef Report pp. 13-15. University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Lee K-H, Bunick D, Lamprecht G, Choi I, Bahr JM. 2009. Differential expression of genes important to efferent ductules in homeostasis across postnatal development in estrogen receptor-± knockout and wildtype mice. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences 21:510-522. Lee K-H, Bunick D, Lubahn D, Bahr JM. 2009. Morphological comparisons of the testis and efferent ductules between wild type and estrogen receptor ± knockout mice during postnatal development. Journal of Anatomy 214:916-925. Lee K, Hyslop JM, Nanassy L, and Machaty Z. 2009. Incidence of apoptosis in parthenogenetic porcine embryos generated by using protein kinase or protein synthesis inhibitors. Animal Reproduction Science 112:261272. Lemley, C. O., J. M. Koch, K. P. Blemings and M. E. Wilson. 2009. Alterations in progesterone catabolic enzymes, CYP2C and CYP3A, in hepatocytes challenged with insulin and glucagon. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 8:39-46. Lemley, C. O., K. A. Vonnahme, L. R. Tager, K. M. Krause and M. E. Wilson. 2010. Insulin secretion, cytochrome P450 activity, liver blood flow and progesterone clearance in dairy cows fed a high cornstarch versus a high fiber diet. Journal of Endocrinology 205:233-241. Lemley, C. O., T. A. Wilmoth, L. R. Tager, K. M. Krause, and M. E. Wilson. 2010. Effect of a high cornstarch diet on hepatic cytochrome P450 2C and 3A activity and progesterone half-life in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 93:1012-1021. Lemley, C. O. and M. E. Wilson. 2010. Effect of cytochrome P450 and aldo-keto reductase inhibitors on progesterone decay in primary bovine hepatic cell cultures. Journal of Dairy Science (In Press). Li, R., C.N. Murphy, L. Spate, D. Wax, S.C. Isom, A. Rieke, E. Walters, M. Samuel, R.S. Prather. 2009. Production of piglets after cryopreservation by using a centrifugation-based method for delipation without micromanipulation. Biology of Reproduction 80:563-571. Lindholm-Perry, A.K., Rohrer, G.A., Holl, J.W., Shackelford, S.D., Wheeler, T.L., Koohmaraie, M., Nonneman, D. 2009. Relationships among calpastatin single nucleotide polymorphisms, calpastatin expression and tenderness in pork longissimus. Animal Genetics 40(5):713-721. Liu, G.E., Hou, Y., Zhu, B., Cardone, M.F., Jiang, L., Cellamare, A., Mitra, A., Alexander, L.J., Coutinho, L.L., Dell'Aquila, M.E., Gasbarre, L.C., Lacalandra, G., Li, R.W., Matukumalli, L.K., Nonneman, D., Regitano, L.C.A., Smith, T.P.L., Song, J., Sonstegard, T.S., Van Tassell, C.P., Ventura, M., Eichler, E.E., McDaneld, T.G., Keele, J.W. 2010. Analysis of copy number variations among diverse cattle breeds. Genome Research 20(5):693-703. Lkhagvadorj, S, Qu, L, Cai, W, Couture, OP, Wang, Y, Barb, CR, Hausman, GJ, Rekaya, R, Nettleton, DS, Anderson, LL, Dekkers, JCM, Tuggle, CK. 2009. Microarray gene expression profiles of fasting-induced changes in liver and adipose tissues of pigs expressing the melanocortin-4 receptor D298N variant. Physiological Genomics 38:98-111. First published April 14, 2009; doi:10.1152/physiolgenomics.90372.2008. Long JA, Bongalhardo DC, Pelaéz J, Saxena S, Settar P, O'Sullivan NP, Fulton JE. 2010. Rooster semen cryopreservation: Effect of pedigree line and male age on postthaw sperm function. Poultry Science 89(5):966-973. Manandhar G, Miranda-Vizuete A, Pedrajas JR, Krause WJ, Zimmerman S, Sutovsky M, Sutovsky P. 2009. Peroxiredoxin-2 and Peroxidase Enzymatic Activity of Mammalian Spermatozoa. Biology of Reproduction 80(6):1168-77 Manjarin R, Garcia JC, Dominguez JC, Castro MJ, Alegre B, Munoz JD, Trottier NL, Kirkwood RN. 2010. Effect of gonadotropin treatment on estrus, ovulation and litter size in weaned and anestrous sows. Journal of Animal Science (in press) Martin J.L., D.M. Larson, H.L. Stroh, A.S. Cupp, and R.N. Funston. 2010. Effect of dietary crude protein source on hormone and follicle characteristics in beef heifers. Journal of Animal Science 88:937-942. McDonald, E.A., J.E. Smith, R.A. Cederberg, and B.R. White. 2010. Divergent activity of the porcine GnRH receptor gene promoter in aT3-1 cells is partially conferred by nuclear factor (NF)-kB, specificity protein (Sp)1-like, and GATA4 elements. Endocrinology (Submitted). McFee, R.M., R.A. Artac, R.M. McFee, D.T. Clopton, R.A. Smith, T.G. Rozell, and A.S. Cupp. 2009. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor signal transduction blocks follicle progression but does not necessarily disrupt vascular development in perinatal rat ovaries. Biology of Reproduction 81:966-977. Mesquita FS, Dyer SN, Heinrich DA, Bulun SE, Marsh EE, Nowak RA. 2010. Reactive oxygen species mediate mitogenic growth factor signaling pathways in human leiomyoma smooth muscle cells. Biology of Reproduction 82:341-351[Epub September 9, 2009], PMID19741209. Metzler-Zebeli BU, Caine WR, McFall M, Miller B, Ward TL, Kirkwood RN, Mosenthin R. 2010. 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