Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The joint meeting of WERA-97 and the Western Wheat Workers (WWW) was held at Montana State University in Bozeman July 13-14, 2010 and was hosted by Alan Dyer and Luther Talbert. The meeting began Tuesday with a opening remarks by Dr. John Sherwood, Head of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology Department at MSU. Alan Dyer provided the meeting agenda and details concerning lodging and meals. Western Wheat Workers Joint Technical Reports were presented in the morning followed by WERA-97 research reports in the afternoon. Following lunch, tours were provided at the MSU Post Farm by Phil Buchner (MSU winter wheat breeder), Mike Giroux, MSU cereal quality researcher, Alan Dyer and Mary Burrows, MSU plant pathologists and Luther Talbert, MSU spring what breeder. This was followed by a tour of Westbred (a unit of Monsanto) led by Dale Clark and Craig Cook. Dinner was hosted by Westbred at their facility in Bozeman. On Wednesday, July 14, state reports were presented followed by separate business meetings of WWW and WERA 97. The two groups will host separate meetings in 2011, with WERA 97 meeting in St. Paul MN hosted by Ruth Dill-Mackey and the 2012 meeting is tentatively planned for Pullman Washington and hosted by Tim Murray. The meeting was adjourned at noon, May 28. Presentations Janet Mattson, President of the U.S. Wheat Associates, spoke to the group and described the mission of the U.S. Wheat Associates. She also talked about her farming operation in Montana. Dale Clark from WestBred (a unit of Monsanto), described the involvement of industry and biotechnology in the wheat industry. After describing technologies available for wheat development at Monsanto, he proposed partnerships between Monsanto and public wheat breeders. Mike Pumphrey, the new spring wheat breeder at WSU is involved with the Gates Foundation Durable Rust Resistance in Wheat Program. He is screening collections for resistance, developing techniques to allow successful use of alien genes, and developing DNA markers for these genes. He described progress in identifying new genes for both seedling and adult plant resistance. Tim Murray, WSU, described efforts to control Black Stem Rust in the PNW. Tim is examining the effects remnant barberry populations, the sexual hosts of the pathogen, are having local stem rust epidemics and the need for renewed eradication efforts. High variability in rust races occurs in fields surrounding remnant barberry populations indicating that sexual reproduction is high. There is concern that a race similar to Ug99 would develop at this locations and move into Midwest. Rust samples are being monitored, collected and archived. Education efforts for growers, field scouts and decision makers are being implemented. John Lockie, USDA, Risk Management Assessment, described the function of his regional office, which has responsibility for 4 states (MT, SD, ND, and WY) and writes rules for crop insurance, which is based on dollars, not yield (bu). He described how crop insurance works and its role in farming. He also described the relevance of risk assessment and crop insurance to wheat growers in his region in mitigating losses due to diseases and pests. Jackie Campbell, a doctoral candidate form Dr. Li Huangs lab at MSU presented research on novel sources of resistance to wheat rust diseases. The goal is to find and mutate suppressor genes (that suppress the defense response). While these may be host or pathogen gene products, they are looking at the host. Using a mutagenized susceptible wheat seed population, they screened for rust resistance. Three mutants have been identified; all 3 are resistant to leaf rust, 2 are resistant to stem rust, and one to stripe rust. They are currently looking at the agronomic consequences of the mutations; Charles Erickson, USDA-ARS, National Small grains Collection in Aberdeen Idaho, described a new technique for determining ploidy level in wheat using a Partec CyFlow analyzer. Using flow cytometry, one can stain the nuclei and the cyometer measures the amount of DNA. You get separate peaks for diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid nuclei. State Reports Washington Tim Murray described the Stripe Rust Epidemic and mentioned that Cephelsporium eye spot showing up again because new winter wheat varieties lack resistance. They are also seeing physiologic leaf spot sue to chlorine deficiency. South Dakota Jeff Stein said they are seeing Tan spot and Septoria; leaf rust was moderate last year; High scab levels in whiner wheat and take-all is higher as well. Oregon Chris Mundt reoprted that stripe rust levels are high and crown rot is a growing concnern. Montana Alan Dyer said that leaf diseases (e.g. leaf rust and leaf spots) are up because of increased moisture this year as were Pythium, Rhizoctonia, and take-all. Minnesota Ruth Dill-Macky reported that in 2008 MN had some tan spot and that it looks similar this year. They are seeing some leaf rust and, stripe rust as well. Scab was light last year and is modest so far this year. Common root rot is up. Idaho Juliet Windes reported that Pythium has been high and nematodes are a problem in wheat. In barley, Xanthomonas and scald have been problematic. Head blight is slowly increasing in Idaho over the years. Septoria tritici was found in Idaho for the first time.

Technology was transferred from WSU to Western Labs Inc, Parma, Idaho for the molecular detection and quantification of Pythium and Rhizoctonia spp. using quantitative real-time PCR in soils. A Small Business Innovation Research grant was developed to enable them to scale up the service, which is now offered to wheat and potato growers across the Pacific Northwest. WSU evaluated more than 15,000 wheat and 5,000 barley entries for stripe rust resistance; and supported breeding programs in releasing several new cultivars with stripe rust resistance Identified more than 20 different genes and mapped one new gene for effective resistance to stripe rust. WSU developed more than 60 new wheat germplasms with more than 20 genes conferring effective resistance to stripe rust. WSU identified the first group of 65 genes of the stripe rust pathogen involved in interactions with wheat plants and revealed major evolutionary mechanisms of the pathogen. WSU identified new races and determined frequencies and distributions of stripe rust races. WSU evaluated more than 20 fungicide treatments in control of stripe rust. WSU developed a model to predict the optimum timing of glyphosate sprayout before planting for greenbridge control of Rhizoctonia. WSU discovered aluminum toxicity on wheat in bluegrass rotations in Spokane and Latah counties. Biogeography of Pythium and Rhizoctonia in Eastern Washington. WSU discovered QTLs on Chromosome 3B for resistance to Fusarium crown rot. WSU evaluated over 40 wheat varieties and advanced breeding lines for resistance to eyespot and Cephalosporium strip. WSU evaluated 4 fungicides for control of eyespot. WSU initiated a survey of lesion and cereal cyst nematode in Eastern Washington in spring and summer, 2010. WSU initiated a survey of Rhizoctonia in cereal growing across the U.S. Continuing testing of seed treatments from Syngenta, BASF, and Bayer. WSU and MSU diagnosed disease samples from growers. WSU and MSU presented talks at grower meetings and field days. WSU and MSU developed and distributed rust disease updates to stakeholders. WSU established field plots to quantify yield loss due to Soilborne wheat mosaic virus, which was recognized recently in Washington. At KSU, disease phenotypes were determined in the greenhouse for numerous wheat accessions of importance to breeders, geneticists, and extension specialists. Phenotypes were determined for reaction to tan spot, Stagonospora nodorum blotch, Septoria tritici blotch, and Fusarium head blight. 18 field experiments were completed including wheat disease phenotyping nurseries (foliar disease complex, barley yellow dwarf, and Fusarium head blight), fungicide efficacy trials (foliar and seed-treatment for control of tan spot/leaf rust, Fusarium head blight, Cephalosporium stripe, take-all, Fusarium-damaged kernels, barley yellow dwarf, and common bunt), and epidemiological studies. KSU coordinated the update of cooperative fungicide efficacy tables for wheat disease management. KSU was involved in the cooperative development and deployment of disease prediction models for Fusarium head blight in 24 states where this disease has been a serious production problem. This iIncluded new technologies to communicate disease risk and timely management information to wheat and barley producers throughout the region. KSU organized workshops to coordinate the preparations for potential arrival of Ug99 stem rust in North America. This Includes development of a multi-state publication targeting identification of stem rust and other rust diseases of wheat and barley. The Oregon Wheat Breeding Program has conducted a very successful germplasm exchange with Nickerson seeds of Europe. The French and English materials have proven to be sources of increased resistance to several diseases, including Cephalosporium stripe, eyespot, and stripe rust. OSU mapping studies are being intensively pursued to identify QTL for resistance to Cephalospirium stripe, Fusarium crown rot, Septoria, stripe rust, and other diseases. The reactions of hard red spring wheat, barley and oat cultivars to various diseases prevalent in Minnesota were disseminated to small grains producers on the Minnesota Variety Trials Results. This information provides growers with options and aids them in selecting cultivars that are appropriate for their area and risk level for the diseases prevalent in Minnesota. In UMN, breeding material for Fusarium Head Blight (wheat, barley and oat), leaf rust (wheat), stem rust (wheat), tan spot (wheat), net blotch (barley), septoria (wheat and barley) and loose smut (oat) were screened on up to 5,000 wheat, 12,000 barley and 1,500 oat lines in 2009. The data are used by wheat breeders and geneticists to make selections for improved resistance. UMN tested fungicides on wheat and barley for efficacy to Fusarium head blight as part of a national cooperative effort and recommendations of best management practices are made available to growers through the US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative (USWBSI) and MAES websites. AT MSU, three research projects were completed. These were a survey or root and crown pathogens of spring and winter wheat in central Montana, a study examining interactions between Fusarium pseudograminearum and Bipolaris sorokiana within wheat stems and a rotational study involving the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus. At MSU, a project addressing wheat variety and grassy weed susceptibility to Wheat streak mosaic virus is anticipated to be completed in fall 2010. A stem rust fungicide trial established at MSU in 2009 showed a yield benefit from any fungicide application, with trizoles performing better at reducing disease symptoms than strobiliurins. An expanded version of this study is being repeated in 2010. In the fall of 2009, a new study was set up along with MSU and Dr. Jeff Stein at South Dakota State University looking at the economics of seed treatments in northern winter wheat production systems. Seed treatments in small grains are in a great deal of flux with new materials being recently registered or very shortly registered. With little public information on these treatments, this study will provide growers with a real world glimpse at how this product will perform. This is a three year study with a tentative completion date of 2011. The project will stress the potential effect seed treatments may have on winter survival of winter wheat in areas prone to winterkill of Montana and South Dakota. MSU established an early season, small-plot fungicide trial at the Northern Ag Research Center in Havre, MT as well as three on-farm locations in Pondera, Liberty, and Hill counties. This will complement previously published field-scale information (Burrows, Olmstead and Grey. 2009. MontGuide MT200913AG) on the lack of yield benefits to early season fungicide applications to dryland winter wheat. A wheat pest calendar featuring four common plant disease, insect, and weed problems in wheat was well received by the Ag community and an updated calendar funded for 2011.

Kansas Publications Kabbage, M., Leslie, J. F., Hulbert, S. H., and Bockus, W. W. 2009. Comparison of natural populations of Mycosphaerella graminicola from single fields in Kansas and California. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 74:55-59/ doi:10.1016/j.pmpp.2009.002 (KAES #07-205 J) Bockus, W. W., Baenziger, P. S., and Ibrahim, A. M. H. 2009. Reaction of Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight (FHB), 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF006. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03 The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Bockus, W. W., and Davis, M. A. 2009. Reaction of selected Kansas winter wheat cultivars to barley yellow dwarf, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF004. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Bockus, W. W., and Davis, M. A. 2009. Reaction of selected winter wheat accessions to Fusarium head blight, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF007. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Bockus, W. W. De Wolf, E., and Wegulo, S. N. 2009. Host resistance correlated with the amount of DON reduction with fungicide on winter wheat, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF008. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Bockus, W. W., Eddy, R. E., and De Wolf, E. D. 2009. Evaluation of foliar fungicides for control of tan spot and leaf rust of winter wheat, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF005. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Bockus, W. W., Fritz, A. K., and Martin, T. J. 2009. Reaction of the 2008 Kansas Intrastate Nursery to Fusarium head blight. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF009. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Wegulo, S. N., Hernandez Nopsa, J., and Bockus, B. 2009. Effects of Prosaro fungicide and cultivars on Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports (online). Report 3:CF028. DOI:10.1094/PDMR03. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN. Appel, J. A., De Wolf, E., Bockus, W. W., Bowden, R. L., and Todd, T. 2009. Prelimilary 2009 Kansas Wheat Disease Loss Estimates. Kansas Cooperative Plant Disease Survey Report. (http://www.ksda.gov/includes/document_center/plant_protection/ Plant%20Disease%20Reports/2009KSWheatDiseaseLossEstimates.pdf) Lingenfelser, J., Bockus, B., DeWolf, E., Fritz, A., Knapp, M., Whitworth, J., Claassen, M., Gordon, W. B., Heer, W., Kimball, J., Maddux, L., Evans, P., Long, J., Martin, T. J., Schlegel, A., Sloderbeck, P., Spangler, M., Chen, R., McLaughlin, L., Miller, R., Shroyer, J., and Warner, M. 2009 Performance Tests. Pages 5-26 in: 2009 Kansas Wheat Seed Book. Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative Extension Service Report of Progress No. 1018. 46 pp. Montana Publications: Burrows, M., Franc, G., Rush, C., Blunt, T., Ito, D., Kinzer, K., Olson, J., O'Mara, J., Price, J., Tande, C., Ziems, A., Stack, J. 2009. Occurrence of viruses in wheat in the Great Plains region, 2008. Online. Plant Health Progress. doi:10.1094/PHP-2009-0706-01-RS. This manuscript was also an APSnet feature article, September. www.apsnet.org. Burrows, M., D. Ito, W. Grey. 2009. Cereal viruses of importance in Montana. Montana State University. Extension MontGuide MT200911AG. Burrows, M., J. Olmstead, and W. Grey. 2009. Fungal, bacterial and physiological leaf diseases of cereal crops (wheat, durum, barley). Montana State University Extension MontGuide MT200913AG. Burrows, M., D. Weaver and F. Menalled. 2009. Wheat pest calendar, 2010. 1000 copies distributed. Hogg, A.C., Johnston, R.H., Johnston, J.A., Klouser, L., Kephart, K.D., and Dyer, A.T. 2010. Monitoring Fusarium crown rot populations in spring wheat residues using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Phytopathology 100:49-57. Theses: Moya, E. 2010. Distribution and interaction of Fusarium crown rot and common root rot pathogens of wheat in Montana and development of an integrated management program for Fusarium crown rot. Ph.D. Thesis. Montana State University. 250pp. (Thesis advisers: Drs. B. Jacobsen and A. Dyer) Zuck, P.C. 2010. Evaluation of alternative crops for management of Pratylenchus neglectus in Montana winter wheat production. MS Thesis. Montana State University. 71pp. (Thesis adviser: A. Dyer) Presentations: Burrows, M. and J. Stack. 2009. Great Plains Diagnostic Network Regional wheat virus survey: Collaboration, communication, research and extension outcomes. NPDN NationalMeeting, Miami, FL. December 6-10. Poster. Ito, D., Moffet, M. D., and Burrows, M. E. 2009. Quantitative analysis of susceptibility to Wheat streak mosaic virus among alternate hosts and winter wheat varieties in the Great Plains. Phytopathology 99: S57-S57. Karen, I.N. Menalled, F., Weaver, K.D., Dyer, A. and Robison-Cox, J. 2009. Joint managementof wheat stem sawfly, Fusarium crown rot and cheat grass: assessing the ecological basis of a total systems approach to pest management strategies. Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of America Menalled, F., Z. Miller, M. Burrows and N. Orloff. Direct and interactive effects of plant stressors on winter wheat yields and crop-weed competition. Weed Science Society of America, Denver, CO. February 7-11. Poster. Moya, E.A., Dyer, A., Hogg, A., and Jacobsen, B. 2009. Determining distributioin and prevalence of Fusarium crown rot and common root rot in Montana wheat using realtime qPCR. Phytopathology 99:S89-S89. Skoglund, L. and Burrows, M. 2009. Innovative ways to educate ourselves and our clientele: examples from Montana. NPDN National Meeting, Miami, FL. December 6-10. Poster. Extension: 24 AgAlerts with approximately 4,700 contacts Ten fact sheets on High Plains IPM (wiki.bugwood.org/HPIPM) 11 press releases Minnesota Publications St. Pierre, S.L, Gustus, C., Steffenson, B.J., Dill-Macky, R. and Smith, K.P. (2010). Mapping net form net blotch and Septoria speckled leaf blotch resistance loci in barley. Phytopathology, 100:80-84. Dill-Macky, R. (2009). Fusarium head blight: A global threat to food safety in cereals. Bioforsk Fokus, 4:138-139. Gautam, P. and Dill-Macky, R. (2009). Pre-harvest moisture impacts wheat quality through Fusarium head blight (FHB) development and deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation. Phytopathology, 99:S159. Dahleen, L., Dill-Macky, R., Shah, J., Muehlbauer, G., Skadsen, R., Manoharan, M., Abebe. T. and Jurgenson, J. (2009). Transgenic field trials for FHB resistance and related research in wheat and barley. In: Proceedings of the 6th Canadian Workshop on Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Ottowa, Ontario, CANADA, November 1-4, 2009, p. 38. Gale, L.R., Dill-Macky, R., Anderson, J.A., Smith, K.P. and Kistler, H.C. (2009). Aggressiveness and mycotoxin potential of U.S. Fusarium graminearum populations in field-grown wheat and barley. In: Proceedings of the 2009 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Orlando, Florida, USA, December 7-9, 2009, p. 173. Dill-Macky, R., Wennberg, K.J., Scanlan, T.C., Muehlbauer, G.J., Shin, S., Shah, D., Kaur, J. and Dahleen, L.S. (2009). Testing transgenic spring wheat and barley lines for reaction to Fusarium head blight: 2009 field nursery report. In: Proceedings of the 2009 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Orlando, Florida, USA, December 7-9, 2009, p. 189. Smith, K.P., Massman, J., Cooper, B., Horsley, R., Neate S., Dill-Macky, R., Chao, S., Dong, Y. and Schwarz, P. (2008). Association mapping Fusarium head blight QTL using contemporary barley breeding germplasm. In: Proceedings of the 19th North American Barley Researchers Workshop, Madison, Wisconsin, USA, October 29, 2008. WA Publications: Bockus, W.W., R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, T.D. Murray, R.W. Smiley, and W. Morrill, eds. 2010. Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects, Third Edition. APS Press, Minneapolis. Carter, A. H., Chen, X. M., Garland-Campbell, K., and Kidwell, K. K. 2009. Identifying QTL for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Louise. Theor. Appl. Genet. 119:1119-1128. Chen, X., T. Murray, and D. Roberts. 2010. Following the links: Stemming a worrisome rust. Wheat Life 53:57-59. Chen, J., Souza, E. J., Zemetra, R. S. Bosque-Pérez, N. A., Guttieri, M. J., Schotzko, D., O'Brien, K. M., Windes, J. W., Guy, S. O., Brown, B. D., Chen, X. M. 2009. Registration of Cataldo soft white spring wheat. Journal of Plant Registrations. 3:264-268. Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2009. Control of stripe rust of winter wheat with foliar fungicides, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:CF038. Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2009. Control of stripe rust of spring wheat with foliar fungicides, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:CF039. Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2009. Testing fungicide Evito for control of stripe rust on spring wheat, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:CF040. Chen, X. M. 2009. Stripe rust. Pages 55-56 in: Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects. W. W. Bockus et al. (ed.). APS Press. Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2010. Control of stripe rust of spring wheat with foliar fungicides, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:CF002. Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2010. Control of stripe rust of winter wheat with foliar fungicides, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:CF003. Chen, X. M., and Wood, D. A. 2010. Control of stripe rust of spring barley with foliar fungicides, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:CF004.  Cheng, P., and Chen, X. M. 2010. Molecular mapping of a gene for stripe rust resistance in spring wheat cultivar IDO377s. Theor. Appl. Genet. 121:195-204. De Wolf, E., T. Murray, P. Paul, L. Osborne, A. Tenuta, and M. Stadtlander. 2010. Identifying Rust Diseases of Wheat and Barley. USDA-CREES Extension IPM 2009-41533-05331. Griffey, C. A., Thomason, W. E., Pitman, R. M., Beahm, B. R., Paling, J. J., Chen, J., Fanelli, J. K., Kenner, J. C., Dunaway, D. W., Brooks, W. S., Vaughn, M. E., Hokanson, E.G., Behl, H. D., Corbin, R. A., Hall, M. D., Liu, S., Custis, J. T., Waldenmaier, C. M., Starner, D. E., Gulick, S. A., Ashburn, S. R., Whitt, D. L., Bockelman, H. E., Souza, E. J., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Kolmer, J. A., Long, D. L., Jin, Y., Chen, X., and Cambron, S. E. 2009. Registration of USG 3555 wheat. J. of Plant Registration 3:273-278. Griffey, C. A., Thomason, W. E., Pitman, R. M., Beahm, B. R., Paling, J. J., Chen, J., Gundrum, P. G., Fanelli, J. K., Kenner, J. C., Dunaway, D. W., Brooks, W. S., Vaughn, M. E., Hokanson, E. G., Behl, H. D., Corbin, R. A., Hall, M. D., Liu, S., Custis, J. T., Waldenmaier, C. M., Starner, D. E., Gulick, S. A., Ashburn, S. R., Jones Jr., E. H., Whitt, D. L., Bockelman, H. E., Souza, E. J., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Kolmer, J. A., Long, D. L., Jin, Y., Chen, X., and Cambron, S. E. 2009. Registration of 5205 wheat. J. of Plant Registration 3-283-288. Griffey, C. A., Thomason, W. E., Pitman, R. M., Beahm, B. R., Paling, J. J., Chen, J., Gundrum, P. G., Fanelli, J. K., Kenner, J. C., Dunaway, D. W., Brooks, W. S., Vaughn, M. E., Hokanson, E. G., Behl, H. D., Corbin, R. A., Hall, M. D., Liu, S., Custis, J. T., Waldenmaier, C. M., Starner, D. E., Gulick, S. A., Ashburn, S. R., Whitt, Jr., D. L., Bockelman, H. E., Souza, E. J., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Kolmer, J. A., Long, D. L., Jin, Y., Chen, X. M., and Cambron, S. E. 2010. Registration of Jamestown wheat. J. of Plant Registration. 4:28-33. Griffey, C. A., Thomason, W. E., Pitman, R. M., Beahm, B. R., Paling, J. J., Chen, J., Gundrum, P. G., Fanelli, J. K., Kenner, J. C., Dunaway, D. W., Brooks, W. S., Vaughn, M. E., Hokanson, E. G., Behl, H. D., Corbin, R. A., Hall, M. D., Liu, S., Custis, J. T., Waldenmaier, C. M., Starner, D. E., Gulick, S. A., Ashburn, S. R., Jones, E. H., Whitt, Jr., D. L., Bockelman, H. E., Souza, E. J., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Kolmer, J. A., Long, D. L., Jin, Y., Chen, X. M., and Cambron, S. E. 2010. Registration of Shirley wheat. J. of Plant Registration. 4:38-43. Griffey, C. A., Thomason, W. E., Pitman, R. M., Beahm, B. R., Paling, J. J., Chen, J., Gundrum, P. G., Fanelli, J. K., Kenner, J. C., Dunaway, D. W., Brooks, W. S., Vaughn, M. E., Hokanson, E. G., Behl, H. D., Corbin, R. A., Hall, M. D., Liu, S., Custis, J. T., Waldenmaier, C. M., Starner, D. E., Gulick, S. A., Ashburn, S. R., Jones, E. H., Whitt, Jr., D. L., Bockelman, H. E., Souza, E. J., Brown-Guedira, G. L., Kolmer, J. A., Long, D. L., Jin, Y., Chen, X. M., and Cambron, S. E. 2010. Registration of 3434 wheat. J. of Plant Registration. 4:44-49. Jones, S. S., Lyon, S. R., Balow, K. A., Gollnick, M. A., Murphy, K. M., Kuehner, J. S., Murray, T. D., Chen, X. M., Engle, D. A., and Campbell, K. G. 2010. Registration of Xerpha Wheat. J. of Plant Registrations 4:137-140. Kidwell, K. K., Shelton, G. B., DeMacon, V. L., Chen, X. M., Kuehner, J. S., Baik, B., Engle, D. A., Carter, A. H., and Bosque-Pérez, N. A. 2009. Registration of Kelse wheat. J. of Plant Registrations 3:269-272. Kidwell. K. K., Shelton, G. B., DeMacon, V. L., Kuehner, J. S., Baik, B., Engle, D. A., Bosque-Pérez, N. A., Burke, A., Carter, A. H., and Chen, X. M. 2009. Registration of Whit wheat. J. of Plant Registrations 3:279-282. Kwak, Y. S., Bakker, P. A. H. M., Glandorf, D. C. M., Rice, J. T., Paulitz, T. C., and Weller. D. M. 2010. Isolation, characterization, and Sensitivity to 2, 4- diacetylphloroglucinol of isolates of Phialophora spp. from Washington wheat fields. Phytopathology Vol. 100, No. 5, pg. 404-414. Liu, B., Xue, X. D., Cui, S. P., Zhang, X. Y., Han, Q. M., Zhu, L., Liang, X. F., Wang, X. J., Huang, L. L., Chen, X. M., and Kang, Z. S. 2010. Cloning and characterization of a wheat ²-1,3-glucanase gene induced by the stripe rust pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Mol. Bio. Rep. 37:1045-1052. Ma, J. B., Huang, X. L., Wang, X. J., Chen, X. M., Qu, Z. P., Huang, L. L., Kang, Z. S. 2009. Isolation of expressed genes during compatible interaction between stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) and wheat using a cDNA library. BMC Genomics 10:586. Ma, J. B., Chen, X. M., Wang, M. N., and Kang, Z. S. 2009. Constructing physical and genomic maps for Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, the wheat stripe rust pathogen, by comparing its EST sequences to the genomic sequence of P. graminis f. sp. tritici, the wheat stem rust pathogen. Comparative and Genomics. Vol. 2009, Article ID 302620. MacDonald, J., C. Allen, D. Gadoury, W. Jacobi, S. Kelemu, J. Moyer, T. Murray, K. Ong, C. Pearson, J. Sherwood, and A. Vidaver. 2009. Education in plant pathology: Present status and future challenges. Plant Disease 93:1238-1251. Mohd Jaaffar, A., Weller, D. M., Paulitz, T. C. And Thomashow, L. S. 2010. Effect of pH on the growth of Rhizoctonia spp. from cereal-based cropping systems in eastern Washington State. Phytopathology Vol. 100, No. 6, pg. S85. Murphy, L. R., Santra, D., Kidwell, K., Yan, G. P., Chen, X. M., and Campbell, K. G. 2009. Linkage maps of wheat stripe rust resistance genes Yr5 and Yr15 for use in marker assisted selection. Crop Sci. 49:1786-1790. Murray, T.D. 2010. Diseases caused by fungi and fungal-like organisms. Pages 15-16 in: Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects, W.W. Bockus, R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, T.D. Murray, R.W. Smiley, and W. Morrill, eds., Third Edition. APS Press, Minneapolis. Murray, T.D. 2010. Eyespot (Strawbreaker foot rot). Pages 32-34 in: Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects, W.W. Bockus, R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, T.D. Murray, R.W. Smiley, and W. Morrill, eds., Third Edition. APS Press, Minneapolis. Murray, T.D. 2010. Snow Rot. Pages 72-73 in: Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects, W.W. Bockus, R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, T.D. Murray, R.W. Smiley, and W. Morrill, eds., Third Edition. APS Press, Minneapolis. Murray, T.D. 2010. Speckled Snow Mold (Typhula Blight). Pages 73-74 in: Compendium of Wheat Diseases and Insects, W.W. Bockus, R.L. Bowden, R.M. Hunger, T.D. Murray, R.W. Smiley, and W. Morrill, eds., Third Edition. APS Press, Minneapolis. Murray, T.D. 2009. Winter Climate Change and interaction with Diseases of Wheat in the Pacific Northwest U.S. Program and Abstracts, Northwest Scientific Association Annual Meeting, pages 47-48 (abstr.). Murray, T. 2009. The Borlaug Global Rust Initiative: What is it and why should we care? Wheat Life 52:32-34. Murray, T., Milus, G., DeWolf, E., Dill-Macky, R., Steffenson, B., Wegulo, S., Bergstrom, G., Sorrells, M., McMullen, M., Paul, P., Hunger, R., Mundt, C., Isard, S., Stein, J., Baker, H., Bulluck, R., Divan, C., Engle, J., Hebbar, P., Bowden, B., Carson, M., Chen, X., Jin, Y., Marshall, D., Smith, K., and Szabo, L. 2010. Recovery plan for stem rust of wheat caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Ug99. National Plant Disease Recovery System, a cooperative project of The American Phytopathological Society and The United States Department of Agriculture, posted at http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/npdrs. Murray, T.D., H. Pappu, R.W. Smiley. 2009. First report of Soilborne wheat mosaic virus in Washington State. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2009-1204-01-BR. Murray, T. and H. Wetzel. 2010. Got rot? Wheat Life 53(5):50-53. Murray, T., H. Wetzel III, K. Esvelt-Klos, and H. Sheng. 2009. Strawbreaker Foot Rot, Cephalosporium Stripe, and Snow Mold Diseases of Winter Wheat. Crop and Soil Sciences Technical Report 09-1. Nishio, Z., A. Hayata, T. Tabiki, N. Iriki, M. Ito and T.D. Murray. 2010. Mapping a gene conferring resistance to Wheat yellow mosaic virus in European winter wheat cultivar Ibis (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant Breeding (DOI 10.1007/s10681-010-0229-5). Okubara, P. A., Paulitz, T. C. And Hulbert, S. 2010. Going to war: WSU scientists team up to combat Rhizoctonia and Pythium. Wheat Life 53: pg. 56-57. Okubara, P. A., Schroeder, K. L. and Paulitz, T. C. 2010. Out of sight, not out of mind. Getting to the root of fungal pathogens Rhizoctonia and Pythium. Wheat Life 53: pg. 60-63. Paulitz, T. C., Schroeder, K. L., and Schillinger, W. F. 2010. Soilborne pathogens of cereals in an irrigated cropping system: Effects of tillage, residue management, and crop rotation. Plant Disease Vol. 94, No. 1, pg. 61-66. Schillinger, W. F., Young, D. L., Kennedy, A.C, and Paulitz, T. C. 2010. Diverse no-till irrigated crop rotations instead of burning and plowing continuous wheat. Field Crops Research Vol. 115, No. 1, pg. 39-49. Sheng, H. and T.D. Murray. 2009. Identifying Resistance Genes for Eyespot of Wheat in Aegilops longissima. Phytopathology (abstr.)(IN PRESS). Smith, K. M. Draper, K. Simmons, R. Bennett, P. Hebbar, M. Royer, T. Murray. 2009. Management strategies for new wheat stem rust strains in the U.S. Outlooks on Pest Management 20:148-52. Sui, X. X., Wang, M. N., and Chen, X. M. 2009. Molecular mapping of a stripe rust resistance gene in spring wheat cultivar Zak. Phytopathology 99:1209- 1215. Thompson, A., K. Campbell, D. Smiley, C. Steber, T. Paulitz, K. Riga, T. Murray, and A. Burke. 2009. Breeding for Plant Parasitic Nematode Resistance in Wheat. Crop and Soil Sciences Technical Report 09-1. Wang, X. J., Liu, W., Chen, X. M., Ma, J. B., Huang, X. L., Dong, Y. L., Liu, Bo., Zhao, J., Wei, G. R., Huang, L. L., Kang, Z. S. 2010. Differential gene expression in incompatible interaction between wheat and stripe rust fungus revealed by the cDNA-AFLP and comparison to compatible interaction. BMC Plant Biol. 10:9. Wetzel III, H.C., K. Esvelt Klos, and T.D. Murray. 2009. Reaction of winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Cephalosporium stripe, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:CF042. Wetzel III, H.C., K. Esvelt Klos, and T.D. Murray. 2009. Reaction of winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines to eyespot, 2008. Plant Disease Management Reports 3:CF041. Yin, C. T., Chen, X. M., Wang, X. J., Han Q. M., Kang, Z. S., and Hulbert, S. 2009. Generation and analysis of expression sequence tags from haustoria of the wheat stripe rust fungus Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. BMC Genomic 10:626. Yu, X. M., Wang, X. J., Wang, C. F., Chen, X. M., Qu, Z. P., Yu, X. D., Han, Q. M., Zhao, J., Guo J., Huang L. L., Kang, Z. S. 2010. Induction of wheat defense related genes in response to Puccinia striiformis. Funct. Integr. Genomics 10:227-239. Yin, C., Hulbert, S. H., Schroeder, K. L., Mavrodi, O., Mavrodi, D., Dhingra, A. and Paulitz, T. C. 2010. Comparison of bacterial communities from inside and outside of Rhizoctonia bare patches in wheat. Phytopathology 100: S142.