Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The meeting was held in the National Weather Service Monterey Weather Forecast Office Conference Room. David Reynolds, Meteorologist-In-Charge at the Office hosted the meeting in coordination with Michael Anderson. The group met this year to discuss activities of the committee members and discuss options for extending committee activity for another five years. Discussion focused on including climate change in the objectives of the group and discussions on what actions the committee can take as a coordinating committee in light of progress of national legislation for a National Climate Service. An example of such activity is the new consortium for spatial mapping that will be working with Chris Daly on PRISM products. A subcommittee headed up by Stephen Gray will draft up the documents for extending committee activity for another five years and circulate to the committee at large for approval. Michael Anderson agreed to write up the annual report for this year. An invited presentation on forecasting potential burn dates for Fort Ord was presented by XX from the Naval Postgraduate School in Monterey and colleague of Francis Fujioka.

Natural Resources Conservation Service - National Water and Climate Center http://www.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov/climate/. Water and Climate Monitoring. There is an on-going effect to modernize the SNOTEL sites with additional sensors (e.g. soil moisture, radiometer) and to convert manual snow courses into automated SNOTEL sites. We have developed a new Basin analysis tool that derives optimal placement of future SNOTEL sites. This will be demonstrated at the 2010 meeting of WERA-102. Accomplishments 1)Add additional SCAN sites and improving their maintenance (accessibility); 2) Added additional SNOTEL sites; 3) Constructed a new Master Station at Dugway, UT for meteor burst reception of SNOTEL telemetry improving acquisition of data; 4) Working on a West wide Surface Water Supply Index (SWSI) in support of NIDIS; 5) Revamped NRCS Standards and Specification for snow survey and sensor equipment; 6) Made AgACIS accessible to the public. Investments for the future: Contracts with Cornell University  AgACIS, Oregon State University  PRISM, Portland State - GIS/Web Page improvement, Portland State  Hydrological Modeling, ARS (Boise)  Hydrological Modeling, University of Alaska  Fluidless Pillows Testing. New IT equipment - electronic Maintenance Facility new calibration equipment USDI Bureau of Reclamation - AgriMet is the Bureau of Reclamation's network of automated weather stations for agricultural consumptive water use modeling. The program encompasses agricultural areas in the Pacific Northwest region (the states of Idaho, Washington, Oregon, western Montana and portions of northern California, Nevada, Utah and western Wyoming) as well as central and eastern Montana in Reclamations Great Plains region. AgriMet provides timely crop water use information to a variety of customers, including federal and state agencies, irrigation districts, agricultural consultants, county extension agents, university researchers, and individual farmers and irrigators. The information is used to help irrigators apply the right amount of water to their crops at the right time. Potential program benefits include conservation of water and power resources, improved agricultural production, reductions in soil erosion, and improvements in surface and ground water quality. The AgriMet program consists of the following components: -In the Pacific Northwest Region: A network of 69 automated weather stations, and three stations operated by the NOAA Air Resources Laboratory that provide the data required for crop water use modeling. -In the Great Plains Region: A network of 21 automated weather stations. -A satellite telemetry and downlink system, shared with the Hydromet program. -A set of computer programs for data quality control and crop consumptive water use modeling. -An information dissemination system, including a home page on the World Wide Web and publication in local agricultural newspapers. Primary AgriMet sponsorship continues to be coordinated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. Additional sponsorships and cooperating users include Bonneville Power Administration, other public and private electric utilities, irrigation districts, state land grant universities, Cooperative Extension Service, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Agricultural Research Service, and other state and local agricultural and water resource organizations. Operation and maintenance costs are cost-shared through sponsorship agreements with participating entities. USDI Bureau of Land Management - BLM continues to operate a national interagency network of nearly 2,200 near-real time solar powered fire weather stations throughout the country. Other participating agencies include: USDA-Forest Service, USDI-Bureau of Indian Affairs, USDI-National Park Service, USDI-U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, and the National Association of State Foresters. All stations have shielded ambient temperature/relative humidity, tipping bucket liquid precipitation, 20 ft wind speed/direction, and fuel temperature/moisture. Most also have solar radiation, and many have soil temperature/moisture. On a case-by-case basis, we are able to modify for 10 m winds, and to add other sensors (such as optical measurement of aerosols). BLM has developed a Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS), an online shared database containing documentation of annual calibration and maintenance of each automated weather station operated by the wildland fire community. Currently CMMS is not available to the public, but is used internally. A description of minimum sensor maintenance schedules is available at Recent RAWS data are available via several NWS Forecast Offices, ROMAN, and MesoWest websites. All data are available from the Western Regional Climate Center website (http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/wraws/). WRCC also provides meta data and statistical analysis tools. In response to an inquiry at the WERA-102 meeting, Wind Speed data represent a 10 minute average prior to data transmission (based on 120 or more samples) and Wind Peak (Gust) data represent a maximum value collected during the previous 60 minutes (based on 720 or more samples). A description of fire weather station standards (including RAWS) is available at and In addition, BLM has been providing limited assistance to the CoCoRaHS Program (http://www.cocorahs.org/) by providing 4 in plastic rain gauges for use by rural ranchers in order to obtain more precipitation information on the range lands. Depending on resources, BLM is interested in expanding their involvement. USDA Forest Service  Accomplishments include: a) We established and monitored six remote automatic weather stations in a limited area of the San Jacinto Mountains to the west of Palm Springs, California, to study weather patterns that affect fire potential and fire behavior there. This is where the Esperanza Fire in 2006 resulted in five firefighter fatalities, and produced burn patterns that have been difficult to model. Data from the network will be used to evaluate mesoscale simulations with an innermost grid spacing of one km. (Objective 1) b) We co-hosted a weather modeling workshop with the Scripps Institution of Oceanography Experimental Climate Prediction Center that drew scientists from the US and the international weather modeling community. The workshop focused exclusively on the suite of spectral models developed by the National Weather Service. Model applications range from short-term mesoscale forecasting to seasonal regional forecasting, both of which find use in wildland fire management. (Objective 3) c) We refined the Hawaii Fire Danger Rating System by upgrading both the hardware and software that runs the system. The system relies on high resolution weather forecasts, a modified version of the National Fire Danger Rating System, and a web GIS forecast map server. The changes were designed to increase online performance, especially when multiple users access the system at the same time. (Objectives 3, 4) Western Region Climate Center-The Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC), housed at Desert Research Institute in Reno, Nevada, is one of six NOAA Regional Climate Centers, and serves the 11 western states, Alaska, Hawaii and the Pacific Islands. The WRCC has contributed to the WERA-102 objectives through these activities: 1. Coordinate collection and dissemination of weather and climate data and information in the western U.S. and serve as a forum for discussion of related issues. 2. Identify weather and climate issues and support research related to agriculture and natural resources especially in the West. 3. Promote access to, and use of, weather- and climate-based products in order to improve monitoring and decision making related to agriculture and natural resources issues (e.g.; drought, fire, water supply). 4. Coordinate the development of new climatological analysis technologies such as remote sensing and geographic information systems. Wyoming- The Wyoming Water Resources Data System (WRDS; http://www.wrds.uwyo.edu/) and Wyoming State Climate Office (SCO; http://www.wrds.uwyo.edu/wrds/wsc/wsc.html) are the single largest providers of water and climate-related data in the state. Housed within the Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering at the University of Wyoming, WRDS and the SCO are funded primarily through grants from the Wyoming Water Development Commission. The WRDS-SCO office provides direct support to Wyoming agriculture in a variety of ways, ranging from the development of enhanced drought-monitoring products to the online dissemination of water and climate data. WRDS and the SCO also support Wyoming agriculture in a more general sense by assisting in the development of the State Water Plan and helping to coordinate long-term climate and hydrologic monitoring efforts throughout the region. A sampling of products from WRDS and the SCO can be found at: http://www.wrds.uwyo.edu/wrds/wsc/dtf/drought.html http://www.wrds.uwyo.edu/wrds/climatological.html Colorado- The following is a summary of work performed at the Colorado Climate Center during the past year that is contributing to the goals and objectives of this technical coordinating committee. Continued operation of historic Fort Collins weather station with 120 years of uninterrupted climate data collection including evaporation, soil temperatures and solar radiation. Also continued ongoing climate data continuity measurements with multiple sensors for temperature, humidity, precipitation and snowfall. Continued the operation of the 60+ station Colorado Agricultural Meteorological Network (CoAgMet). A combination of negative factors have converged this year to reduce the available resources to manage and maintain CoAgMet. We are currently working on a downsizing strategy but also seeking new funding partners to support this important network. Through a contract with the North Platte Roundtable and Colorados Interbasin Compact Commission, three new CoAgMet stations were installed in 2009 in the high elevation hay meadow environments of North Park, Colorado. This is our first opportunity to closely monitor climate factors affecting mountain meadow evapotranspiration. Continued the steady expansion of the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow network (CoCoRaHS). By December 2009 CoCoRaHS will be active in all 50 states and has become the largest single source of daily precipitation measurements in the U.S. Spawned by WERA102, in 2008 the Western Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors approved a new coordinating committee, WERA1012, to foster cooperation in improving volunteer networks for climate observations. Our first meeting was held in May 2009 in Estes Park, Colorado  with 25 people attending including several National Weather Service representatives. Out of this effort, several action teams were formed looking at topics such as training, data quality and precipitation gauge comparisons. A committee to begin planning for a 125th anniversary of the NWS Cooperative Network was also convened. Continued ongoing collaborations with the National Weather Service, Regional Climate Centers and the National Climatic Data Center to maintain and enhance the NWS Cooperative Network as a backbone climate monitoring network. Currently working on Co-op Network requirements for state climate monitoring needs. The first new modernized Historical Climate Network stations (HCN-M) were installed in Colorado during fall 2009. Climate change has become a routine issue now for many of our activities. We launched a new Climate Trends Website for Colorado in late 2009 that utilizes only the best and longest climate data available from regions of Colorado. No long term data were perfectly complete and homogeneous for their entire period of record, but this was the best available data going back 100 years or more. From drought preparation to agricultural operations, better knowledge of evapotranspiration and soil moisture is needed. We continue to work to improve monitoring and communication of ET data to support these needs. The Colorado Climate Center is now leading the National Integrated Drought Information Systems (NIDIS) Upper Colorado River Basin Pilot Project with the specific goal of improving monitoring, awareness and historical perspective of drought. We are working with various stakeholders and the NIDIS Drought Portal developers to improve access to appropriate climate and water supply information. The Colorado Climate Center continues to strive to support, maintain and enhance the Colorado Agricultural Meteorological network (CoAgMet) despite reduced resources. We continue to widely promote access to and participation in the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow network (CoCoRaHS) as a low-cost, low technology approach to high resolution community-scale precipitation monitoring. CoCoRaHS data are now being accessed and utilized by a growing mix of federal, state, local, research and business agencies and organizations who are affected by the magnitude and variability of precipitation. We continue the process of developing GIS capabilities for the Colorado Climate Center. This effort is now combined with our role in the Upper Colorado River Basin Pilot Project. We are gaining experience in combining data (so for, just precipitation) from diverse sources (NWS Co- op, ASOS, SNOTEL CoAgMet, CoCoRaHS, the U.S. Climate Reference network and soon RAWS). We have recently begun producing weekly GIS maps that will be distributed through the U.S. Drought Portal. We are now feeding daily CoCoRaHS data to the National Weather Service in KML format so they can integrate our data resources into their GIS climate mapping efforts. We continue exploring ET mapping using CoAgMet and RAWS data along with satellite. We are interested in adding ET forecast products derivable from NWS forecast models, but do not yet have sponsors or capability for this work. New Mexico-Because the Western United States cover a large area, it is difficult to install automated weather stations in all the different climate zones throughout these states and to maintain a good database of complete temperature and other climatic variable data from those stations. Consequently, the major limitation of the expanded use of growing degree day (GDD) driven models for insect control, crop development and irrigation scheduling models is accurate climate data availability in real time with a serial complete databases that is on a user friendly Computer graphics interface (CGI) on the internet. Missing data for even one day can cause a missing calculation in the GDD models. Also, because the stations are automated it is essential to have an interpolation software that replaces bad data with good estimates of the real values. The standard quality control software (QC) involves the use of multiple stations where a stations data is compared against the data from neighboring stations. Forecast data exists from several agencies. The National Weather Service (NWS) provides a Real- Time Mesoscale Analysis (RTMA) that is a gridded analysis of the meteorological variables. The model produces a 5 km grid of data over the entire United States for temperature, dew point, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and sky cover for every hour up to 5 days in the future. The RTMA on the NWS web site has interpolated data to a finer grid (1 km). This interpolated data can be obtained by a user by entering a latitude and longitude or selecting a map location and has the potential to replace measured or bad data. Oregon-Hire of Philip Mote as Director of Oregon Climate Change Research Institute, there is no direct replacement for George Taylor, previous Oregon State Climatologist. Several substantial new grants further fund development of virtual weather data for disease risk modeling and mapping, with on-farm validation research in numerous cropping systems including Potatoes in SE Washington, Hops, grapes and grass seed in W. Oregon, tree fruits in Mid-Columbia and Milton- Freewater Oregon, and wine grapes, table and raisin grapes in Central California. Several new web-based products are expected including My Pest Homepage where an end-user can configure their own actual and virtual weather stations, pest and disease risk models, and other custom settings. PRISM to be used for hourly weather data estimation for the first time in 2 of these projects. Reported error rates for various forecast types (evolving Fox Weather LLC system and NWS Digital Forecast system), as compared to nearby station-based virtual weather data. With further development, both types of data show promise for creation of virtual weather stations. New programming that displays regional disease risk outputs in a Google map interface, allowing plant biosecurity and invasion species specialists to scan entire states and regions for weather conditions conducive to disease. For example the system was tested for the NE US to predict tomato-potato late blight, which was in outbreak this past growing season. Applications in supporting invasive species trapping and epidemiological research using PRISM and weather based degree-day maps, used by APHIS PPQ and NPDN (National Plant Diagnostic Network). With these maps, APHIS PPQ is supporting trapping programs for over a dozen species across the W. US. At Ted Sammis' request, IPPC has added the NMSU pecan nut casebearer phenology model to the http://uspest.org/wea website, to be tested in NM and Texas. California- Over the past year the California State Climate Office has been involved in a variety of projects and collaborations that apply to this technical coordinating committee. The efforts are in the areas of design hydrology, evapotranspiration forecasting, and extreme precipitation monitoring. In partnership with state and federal agencies, an update of Californias design hydrology is underway. Precipitation depth-duration-frequency data is being updated with the Department of Water Resources (DWR) Bulletin 195 as well as with the NOAA Atlas 14 product. The DWR Bulletin 195 did not get published online in 2009 as expected due to delays in the internal review process. The NOAA Atlas 14 product is currently scheduled for completion in 2010 with the release of an online Geographical Information System product. Information from these products will be used in efforts to update the design runoff hydrology for California. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is working with DWR to produce frequency based runoff hydrograph information for the Central Valley to support floodplain mapping and flood management projects. The U.S. Geological Survey has begun work on updating equations for frequency-based hydrology for ungaged streams in the state. A web-based Geographical Information System product is expected in the next three years. Work continued this year on expanding the evapotranspiration (ET) forecast developed in a project that included the partnership of the State Climatologist, Professor Rick Snyder from UC Davis and the Sacramento Weather Forecast Office (WFO) to the rest of the WFOs serving California. This five-day ET forecast is based on existing gridded forecast variables currently produced by the WFOs. Using a routine developed by Professor Snyder, the gridded variables are used to compute an estimate of potential ET for the next five days. Values are compared with the regional California Irrigation Management Information Service (CIMIS) gages in the region. The forecast is currently available on web pages of the Sacramento and Hanford WFOs. A new project was launched in 2008 to begin the deployment of weather monitoring equipment to assist in the forecasting and monitoring of extreme precipitation conditions in California. The project is a partnership effort between DWR, Scripps Institute of Oceanography, and NOAAs Earth Systems Research Laboratory (ESRL). Three types of instrumentation are to be deployed in this project: GPS- Met (water vapor), soil moisture, and vertically pointing radar (freezing level). Deployment of the instruments will occur over a five-year period. In addition, NOAAs ESRL will develop decision support material for quantitative precipitation forecasting that utilizes data from the new instruments. Data from the new instruments will also be disseminated via DWRs California Data Exchange Center operational database. The first two freezing level radar have been deployed in 2009 and sites for the first 9 GPS-Met stations have been selected. Candidate sites for the first 8 soil moisture monitoring sites have been selected but have not been installed. As part of this effort a workshop is being planned for scientists involved in soil moisture monitoring in California to compare methods and equipment and determine the most efficient way to install this network while taking advantage of other soil moisture monitoring activities in the state. Water year 2009 was the third consecutive dry year for California. The continued development and evolution of drought conditions in the state have necessitated the generation of data products for the general public as well as local, state, and federal agencies. These products are being made available to the general public via the website: http://www.drought.water.ca.gov. Included in these products are regular updates of drought conditions and contingency plans for a dry 2010. In general, dissemination of climate information from the office occurs via web page, phone, fax, email and print. In collaboration with Western Region Climate Center is underway to expand the capabilities of the State Climate Office to process and depict data from multiple networks such as the California Data Exchange Center and the California Irrigation Management Information Service. The tools are part of the SC-ACIS program at the Regional Climate Centers. More details on the accomplishments are included in the attachment to the minutes.

Kennedy, A. M., D. C. Garen, and R. W. Koch (2009). The association between climate teleconnection indices and Upper Klamath seasonal streamflow: Trans-Niño Index. Hydrological Processes, 23, 973-984. Pagano, T. C., D. C. Garen, T. R. Perkins, and P. A. Pasteris (2009). Daily updating of operational statistical seasonal water supply forecasts for the western U.S. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 45(3), 767-778. Perkins, T. R., T. C. Pagano, and D. C. Garen (2009). Innovative operational seasonal water supply forecasting technologies. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 64(1), 15A-17A. Data Quality Control and Assurance Procedures for Reclamations AgriMet Weather Station Network. April, 2009, published in the proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 2009. AgriMet: Reclamations Pacific Northwest Evapotranspiration Network, Manuscript submitted and accepted for presentation and publication at the Irrigation Association 2009 Irrigation Show and conference proceedings. Dolling, K., Chu, P.-S., and Fujioka, F. 2009: Natural variability of the Keetch-Byram Drought Index in the Hawaiian Islands. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 18:459-475. Fujioka, F.M.; Gill, A.M.; Viegas, D.X.; Wotton, B.M. 2009: Fire danger and fire behavior modeling systems in Australia, Europe, and North America. Wildland Fires and Air Pollution, A. Bytnerowicz (ed.). Developments in environmental science, 8. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 469-497. Yang, Y., Chen, Y.-L., and Fujioka, F.M., 2008: Effects of trade-wind strength and direction on the leeside circulations and rainfall of the island of Hawaii. Monthly Weather Review, 136:4799-4818. Fujioka, F, 2008: Fire weather technology for fire agrometeorology operations. Proc., Management of natural and environmental resources for sustainable agricultural development, R. Stefanski and P. Pasteris (eds.), February 13-16, 2006, Portland, OR. World Meteorological Organization, WMO/TD No. 1428, Washington, D.C., 193-202. De Melo-Abreu, J.P, Ahmed, D.M., Andrews, P.L., Bastos, T.X., DeGroot, W.J., Fleming, Richard, Fleming, Robert, Fujioka, F., Goldammer, J.G., Govind, A., Harrison, J., Keenan, T., Price, D., Statheropoulos, M., Stigter, K.,. and Wain, A., 2008: Applications of meteorology to forestry and non-forest trees. www.agrometeorology.org/fileadmin/insam/repository/gamp_chapt8.pdf, WMO/CAgM Guide to Agricultural Meteorology Practices, Chapter 8, 107 p. Frakes, B., I. Aston, J. Burke, M. Britten, D. Pillmore, S. Ostermann-Kelm, R. Daly, C. Jean, M. Tercek, S. Gray, and T. Kittel. 2010. Rocky Moutain Climate Protocol: Climate Monitoring in the Greater Yellowstone and Rocky Mountain Inventory and Monitoring Networks. Natural Resource Report NPS/XXXX/NRR2010/XXX, National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado, In press. Cleary, K., S.T. Gray and others. 2009. Assessment of Groundwater Resources in the Green River Basin, Wyoming. Wyoming Water Development Commission, Cheyenne, Wyoming. In Press. Gray, S., C. Andersen, I. Burke. 2009. Assessing the Future of Wyomings Water Resources: Adding Climate Change to the Equation. William D. Ruckelshaus Institute of Environment and Natural Resources, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming. 28 pp. In press. Kittel, T., S. Ostermann-Kelm, B. Frakes, M. Tercek, S. Gray, and C. Daly. 2009. A Framework for Climate Analysis and Reporting for the Greater Yellowstone (GRYN) and Rocky Mountain (ROMN) Networks: A Report from the GRYN/ROMN Climate Data Analysis Workshop. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/GRYN/NRR2009/XXX. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. In press. Gray, S.T., C.M. Nicholson, and M.D. Ogden. 2009. Greater Yellowstone Network: Climate of 2008. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/GRYN/NRR2009/XXX. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. In press. Gray, S.T., C.M. Nicholson, T. Dietrich, and S. Laursen. 2009. Greater Yellowstone Network: Climate of 2007. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/GRYN/NRR2009/076. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. Aziz, O.A., G.A. Tootle, S.T. Gray and T.C. Piechota. 2010. Identification of Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature influences on Colorado River Basin snowpack. Water Resources Research, In press. Barnett, F.A., T.A. Watson, G.A. Tootle and S.T. Gray. 2010. Upper Green River Basin (USA) streamflow reconstructions. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, In press. Gray, S.T. and G.J. McCabe. 2009. Combined water balance and tree-ring approaches to understanding the potential hydrologic effects of climate change on the Yellowstone River. Water Resources Research, In press. Jackson, S.T., J.L. Betancourt, R.K. Booth and S.T. Gray. 2009. Ecology and the ratchet of events: Climate variability, niche dimensions, and species distributions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, doi:10.1073/pnas.0901644106. Jackson, S.T., S.T. Gray and B. Shuman. 2009. Paleoecology and resource management in a dynamic landscape: Case studies from the Rocky Mountain headwaters. The Paleontological Society Papers, 15:61-80. Kelleners, T., V.B. Paige, S.T. Gray. 2009. Measurement of the dielectric properties of Wyoming soils using electromagnetic sensors. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 73:1626-1637, doi:10.2136/sssaj2008.0361. Watson, T.A., F.A. Barnett, S.T. Gray and G.A. Tootle. 2009. Reconstructed stream flows for the headwaters of the Wind River, Wyoming, USA. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 45:224-236. Wang, J., T. W. Sammis, V. P. Gutschick, M. Gebremichael, D. R. Miller. 2009. Sensitivity Analysis of the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL). ASABE Transactions. 52 (3):801-811. Wang, S.-Y., R. R. Gillies, J. Jin, and L. E. Hipps, Recent rainfall cycle in the Intermountain Region as a quadrature amplitude modulation from the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol:36 Wang, S.-Y., R. R. Gillies, E. S. Takle, and W. J. Gutowski Jr.,, Evaluation of precipitation in the Intermountain Region simulated by the NARCCAP regional climate models, Geophysical Research Letters, Vol:36 Wang, S.-Y., R. R. Gillies, L. E. Hipps, and J. Jin, A transition-phase teleconnection of the Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation, Climate Dynamics, in press Wang, S.-Y., R. R. Gillies, J. Jin, and L. E. Hipps, Coherence between the Great Salt Lake Level and the Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation, Journal of Climate, in press Wang, S.-Y., L. E. Hipps, R. R. Gillies, X. Jiang, and A. L. Moller, Circumglobal teleconnection and early summer rainfall in the US Intermountain West, Theoretical and Applied Climatology, in press Gillies, R. R. Estimated changes in the winter precipitation regime over Utah (August 24, 2009), Melbourne, Australia, 6th International Scientific Conference on the Global Energy and Water Cycle Gillies, R. R. Linked Micromap Plots for Evaluating Trends in Multi-Pollutant Deposition (October 06, 2009), Saratoga Springs, NY, NADP 2009 Annual Meeting and Scientific Symposium Gillies, R. R. Evaluation of precipitation in the Intermountain Region simulated by the NARCCAP regional climate models (August 24, 2009), Melbourne, Australia, 6th International Scientific Conference on the Global Energy and Water Cycle Gillies, R. R. Evaluation of precipitation in the Intermountain Region simulated by the NARCCAP regional climate models (March 03, 2009), Logan, Utah, Spring Runoff Conference Gillies, R. R. Recent rainfall cycle in the Intermountain Region as a quadrature amplitude modulation from the Pacific decadal oscillation (March 03, 2009), Logan, Utah, Spring Runoff Conference Gillies, R. R. The Pacific QDO as a natural predictor for the Great Salt Lake elevation. (November 23, 2009), Silver Springs, MD, Conference Gillies, R. R. The mysterious coherence between the Great Salt Lake and the Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation. (October 26, 2009), , Monterey, CA, NOAA's 34th Climate Diagnostics and Prediction Workshop Gillies, R. R. Coherence between the Great Salt Lake and the Pacific quasi-decadal oscillation. (October 09, 2009), Boulder, CO, 64th Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Hydrologic Research Center, Boulder