Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Call to order Chair Allen Young called the meeting to order at 1:30 PM at UBC Dairy Education and Research. Paul Kononoff welcomed the group to Canada. Nelson Dinn, Herdsman of the UBC dairy facility was also introduced and gave a brief outline of the facility and research conducted. Brief logistical items were reviewed. The agenda was reviewed, which included group station reports on October 14, to be concluded on October 15. The meeting would be concluded with area farm tours on October 16th. Plans for dinner at Crazy Fish Bistro in Harrison Hot Springs were also outlined.

Washington Update: David A. Benfield (OH; administrative advisor): Although not attending Dr. Benfield sent news that Dr. Ronald N. Beachy has been named the first director of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA).

USDA/CSREES Advisor was unable to attend but Adele Turzillo, National Program Leader - Animal Production Systems forwarded information related to the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) program. This included a description of NIFA, REE priorities and associated budget. In addition, information on the Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI), associated proposal submission deadlines and information on the Integrated Solutions for Animal Agriculture Program was distributed.

Station Reports: Allen Young asked members to present their state project reports with a limit of 10 min per station. States were asked to report in reverse order of project objectives (3, 2, and 1). Stations reporting on Wednesday:

Objective 3: States presenting: GA, MD, PA, VA, WI, CA, FL

Adjourned at 5:30 PM

October 15, 2009 Station Reports Continued

Objectives 2 and 1. States presenting: SD, NE, PA, MN

Invited Speaker Dr. Dan Weary of the UBC behavior and welfare group reported on research projects which have been conducted at their facility. Dan presented data pertaining to lactating cow, dry cow and calf behavior and welfare. He noted the need for collaboration related to the economic impact of their findings.

Station Reports Continued

Objectives 2 and 1. States presenting: UT, NH, MI, IN

Future Work

The committee was divided into three groups by objective and given the charge of developing concepts and ideas for future work and grants associated with NC 1042.

Objective 1: Calves and Heifers: To analyze management and nutrition strategies for replacement heifers as they pertain to production and profitability (heifers)

To accomplish stated objective the group plans to undertake two actions: 1) update and develop a measuring tape for heifer growth. A.J. Heinrichs (PA) will take lead to update the relationships between weight, age and height of dairy heifers. The group will be involved in developing a new tape for dairy heifers and plan to co-author an article to be submitted to the Professional Animal Scientist. 2) Develop a definitive management tool on transitional management (2mo- breeding). The group plans to co-author an NC 1042 bulletin in the areas of transition management, confinement and grazing.

Other long range areas they will work include the use of by-products DDGS for heifers (publication), limit feeding, colostrum feeding as it related to quality and health, weaned heifer requirements for rumen degradable (RDP) and undegradable (RUP) protein, grazing and environment impacts and relationships, and colostrum feeding and health.

Objective 2: Cows and Dry Cows To optimize lactating and dry cow decision-making as it relates to animal health, nutrient utilization, milk production, reproduction, and profitability (cows).

To accomplish stated objective the group plans to undertake two actions 1) to perform and publish a meta-analysis evaluating N excretion in heifers and cows consuming corn milling co-products from data that may be available from IN, MI, SD, NE and PA. 2) CT, FL and CA plan to study and determine the costs of lameness to dairy producers.

Objective 3: Whole Farm Systems Approach To evaluate system components and integration of information into decision-support tools and whole farm analyses to improve efficiency, control variation, and enhance profitability, and environmental sustainability (whole farm)

To accomplish stated objective the group plans to undertake two actions 1) Using farm data and farm as the unit of observation, this group will study cost and profits of dairy operations over time and space. Different farm systems will be evaluated including both conventional and organic operations. The group plants to develop average estimates of different farm groups of diverse but defined geography. FL and GA currently have data available and WI and CT are collecting and plan to merge all available data. WI has data from individual farms and will merge datasets. Important issues related to climate change and economics will be included. 2) The group also plans to organize a symposium at the Midwest Animal Science and Dairy Science Associations on decision and risk management tools with GA, FL and WI taking leadership. A Methodological symposium looking at dairy production from different disciplines will also be included.

Business Meeting Allen asked if we would approve the minutes from 2008. Beede (MI) moved the minutes be approved, Erickson (NH) seconded motion, motion carried.

Location for 2010 meeting: After a discussion a decision to go to Twin Falls, ID was made. Mireille Chahine , University of Idaho Dairy Extension Specialist was contacted by Young (UT) and she agreed to host the group. Projected Date: Oct 14-16, 2010.

Website and Historian Report: McGilliard (VA) reported that the website now includes posted information on the Penn St / Virginia Tech Pasteurizer Evaluation Spreadsheet, as well as the Georgia / Florida Dairy Business Analysis Project. In addition, historical documents beginning from 1972 up to 2000 are posted and include title of projects and a listing of who has participated in the project. Some photos are also posted. McGilliard also suggested some information on the feeding and use of DDGS as well as heifer growth may be useful to post.

Kalscheur (SD) requested abstracts related to calves and heifers would be of great interest to those attending the 2009 Annual Meeting ASAS ADSA Midwestern Sections. This year's meeting will be held at the Polk County Convention Center, Des Moines, Iowa on March 16 - 18, 2009. This is a low travel cost meeting and abstracts are due on the end of October. The meeting also includes presentations from Young scholars, and undergraduate posters and paper competitions.

Election of secretary: Kalscheur (SD) nominated Erickson (NH) as secretary for 2010, Beede (MI) seconded and committee approved.

Beede (MI) thanked this year's secretary Kononoff (NE) and chair Young (UT).

Beede (MI) requested the group send a letter to UBC faculty and staff to thank them for the use for the facility. McGilliard seconded and motion carried. The letter was sent by Young (UT).

Meeting Adjourned 5:30 PM

Farm Tours October 16, 2008

Stop 1, UBC Dairy Centre

Stop 2 Suplesse Farms Ltd, Agassiz BC

Stop 3 Cedarbrink Dairy, Chilliwack BC

Stop 4 Meadowgold Farms, Chilliwack BC

A series of projects on feeding calves were conducted by MN. (1) Performance of Holstein heifer fed grain mixes containing glycerin (as an energy source) was explored. Results of the study suggested that up to 6% glycerin can effectively replace corn in grain in rations fed to post-weaned heifers. (2) The influence of altering conventional milk replacer feeding rate and protein source on pre- and post-weaning performance and health of dairy calves was explored. Results indicated that decreasing feeding rate of a conventional milk replacer resulted in similar performance because calves consumed more starter. (3) Performance and health of heifer calves fed bovine spray dried animal plasma (SDP) was compared to a traditional milk replacer program. Results indicated that the inclusion of 4 or 8% SDP in a 20:20 milk replacer resulted in similar calf performance and health to those fed an all-milk protein milk replacer. (4) Performance and health of post weaned Holstein heifer calves fed grain mixes containing varying levels of bovine spray dried plasma protein during the initial transition to group pens was explored. Results indicated that offering a complete pellet grain mix that contained spray-dried plasma protein did not enhance heifer performance during the initial 28 d transition period to group pens when compared to a grain mix without supplemental plasma protein. (5) Performance of post weaned Holstein heifer calves fed limit or free-choice pelleted grain mixes with differing fiber levels along with free-choice hay (FC) was explored. Feeding FC hay with pellet mix resulted in weight gain and growth advantages. An additional four studies have been conducted evaluating the nutrition of dairy calves and results are currently being investigated.

In PA two studies were conducted with neonatal dairy heifer calves. In the first it was determined that feeding colostrum with an esophageal feeder does not reduce IgG absorption in neonatal dairy heifer calves. In the second it was determined that in contrary to common belief, high bacterial concentration in colostrum does not interfere with IgG absorption in neonatal dairy bull calves. In this study, a high load of naturally occurring bacteria in colostrum did not interfere with IgG absorption, and heat treating colostrum significantly improved IgG absorption. A study was also conducted in PA that evaluated the growth of dairy heifers fed limited amounts of high concentrate diets. Investigators observed that dairy heifers that are limit-fed or limit-fed high concentrate diets often have greater diet digestibility, lower levels of environmental excretion, and greater feed efficiency.

In NH investigators evaluated the use of anionic salts in the prepartum diet and addition of sodium bicarbonate to colostrum replacer and examined effects on IgG absorption in the neonate. Results suggested that feeding anionic salts to the dam has no effect on passive transfer while adding sodium bicarbonate increased IgG uptake in calves.

IN continues to evaluate bedding substrates for calves in hutches in Midwest summer conditions. Investigators observed that calves housed in hutches bedded with sand and straw grew better than those on sawdust. Fly prevalence in hutches tended to be greater for calves bedded with sawdust, but presence of larvae in bedding appeared to be greatest for straw bedding. An additional project evaluated the effects of increased ventilation in calf hutches on calf performance. Initial analyses of calf growth and body temperature did not indicate any differences between treatments. An additional study evaluated feed intake and growth of heifers fed diets containing deoiled dried distillers grains. Feed efficiency, intake, body condition and hip height was not different between treatments thus the inclusion of deoiled distillers grains appears to be a viable option for the rearing of replacement heifers. IN also evaluated different supplementation and grazing strategies for replacement heifers with results to be forthcoming.

WI investigators explored feeding and management practices to reduce feed cost and environmental impact of dairy heifer operations. Overall, limit feeding or limit feeding in combination with supplementing an ionophore, improved heifer growth, increased feed efficiency during the growth phase and did not have detrimental effects on rumen volume. Limit feeding heifers did not result in any deleterious carry-over affects during lactation. Secondly WI explored the effect of dietary phosphorus on bone development in dairy heifers and observed that supplementing P to heifers had no effect on extent of frame development, bone density, or bone metabolism. Supplementation of P to heifers modestly increased bone P content but increased bone P was not reflected in frame growth, bone density or bone metabolism. For addition studies were completed with statistical analysis in progress. WI also studied the cost-benefit of accelerated liquid feeding program for dairy calves and concluded that under normal Wisconsin conditions there is a benefit of using an accelerated feeding program. The economic value of sexed semen programs for dairy heifers. In general if the conventional for herds with conception rates is between 31% and 44%, the use of sexed semen would bring additional economic value if used only in the first service.

Objective 2. Cows and Dry Cows To optimize lactating and dry cow decision-making as it relates to animal health, nutrient utilization, milk production, reproduction, and profitability (cows).

To characterize the management of dairy operations, a survey was distributed buy KY investigators to all licensed milk producers in the state. Two hundred and twenty-nine producers responded to the survey. Mean 2008 herd size (milking and dry cows) was 83.0 (± 101.8). Mean daily milk yield (pounds per cow) was 52.6 (± 11.8). Mean somatic cell count (cells/ml) was 304,824.2 (± 123,580.0 ). When asked to describe how much of their income came from farming, 54.9% reported all of their income was from farming, 30.1% said more than half of their income was from farming, 9.3% indicated their income was evenly split between farm and off-farm sources, and 5.8% said most of their income came from off-farm sources. An additional survey was conducted at an off-farm meeting attendance with the goal of examining extension programming. Producers reported that the most effective methods for extension to communicate with them were (1) printed farm magazines (81.0% of respondents), (2) agricultural newspapers (77.4%) and (3) printed newsletters from a county agriculture agent (75.7%). Respondents indicated that the most important management topics for extension programming were (1) mastitis and milk quality, (2) animal well-being, (3) disease prevention and vaccinations, (4) cow comfort and (5) disease treatment. A third survey was conducted to determine criteria used to evaluate the success of their dairy operation. highest percentage of respondents were (1) ability to pay operating expenses without incurring unnecessary debt, (2) well-being of animals in the herd, (3) producing superior quality milk, (4) keeping a balance in the checking account and (5) quality of life.

CA is in the midst of completing the 3rd year of collecting lameness and production records on 3 commercial dairies in California. Along with quantifying lameness lesions effects on milk production, reproduction, and culling of dairy cows economic costs are being explored. Investigators have conducted an in-depth lameness analysis on one of the dairies and will complete the analyses on the others by the end of the year.

WI conducted an on-farm trial (16 farms) in a sequential treatment with a crossover design to test the impacts of a slow-release N product (Optigen®) on milk production. The trial found that Optigen® promoted an increase in milk production of 0.5 kg/cow/day. Analyses to dynamically fine-tune the inclusion of energy and protein supplement was also conducted. A quadratic optimization algorithm was developed to finds the optimal levels of a list of potential energy and protein sources. A decision tree analyses was conducted to evaluate the economics of early post-partum mastitis test and treatment. Possible management decisions that included the option to segregate or culling positive-tested cows were found not to be economically favorable when tested inside a wide range of biological and economic variables.

In MI investigators have sought methods to reduce enteric methane emissions for the U.S. dairy herd by feeding supplemental coconut oil. Based on observed results investigators concluded that it is possible to markedly reduce enteric methane emissions of lactating dairy cows but when doing so by feeding coconut oil, feed intake and milk production also declined. As a consequence cows and replacements would be required to maintain the same national milk production, thus erasing much of the reduction in enteric methane emissions of individual cows and the national dairy herd.

In FL work on DairyVIP model was conducted. This model optimizes breeding and culling decisions and was used to study the effect of changing milk prices on optimal culling decisions and rule-of-thumb decisions such culling open cows when their daily milk production does not cover variable cost anymore. Investigators observed that contrary to common belief and practice, lower milk prices should reduce open cow culling. Work is in progress to simulate the current lactation performance in more detail. A linear program is also being built in Excel to determine the optimal use of sexed semen in closed herds. Both heifers and cows are simulated. Genetic progress in milk production, fertility, and productive life are included.

A study to investigate the dose response of quebracho condensed tannins (CT) on ruminal pH, fermentation, and methane production in mixed ruminal cultures was conducted in by UT investigators. Although ruminal pH linearly decreased with increasing CT supplementation, actual difference between control and HCT was small. Methane production increased in response to increasing CT, whereas ammonia-N concentration decreased. Total VFA increased by increasing CT supplementation. The supplementation of CT resulted in accelerated microbial production, as was seen in increased VFA and methane production and decreased ammonia-N. Supplementing CT to barley based-high concentrate dairy TMR had no negative impact on in vitro microbial fermentation, but sizably shifted its fermentation patterns due possible to the stimulation of cellulolytic bacteria. UT also conducted an in vitro study to determine the effects of feeding birdsfoot trefoil (BFT hay on microbial metabolism by mixed rumen cultures. Feeding BFT altered the metabolic pathways of in vitro ruminal fermentation, and it was beneficial for the use of N by mixed cultures of ruminal microorganisms.

In SD a series of three projects evaluated the nutritional value of corn milling co-products and impacts on milk production. The first study established that the protein availability in corn distillers grains and solubles is relatively comparable to soybean products. In the second study it was discovered that distillers grains in the dry form contribute more by pass protein that the wet form but less total protein is available to the animal. The third study tested the lactation performance and amino acid utilization of early lactating cows fed regular or reduced-fat dried distillers grains with solubles. Investigators observed that although diets containing these co products resulted in an apparent deficiency of lysine, milk production and milk components were similar to a soybean-based diet.

IN conducted two experiments to determine the effectiveness of co-ensiling wet distiller's grains with solubles (WDGS). Milk production, milk composition, and feed intake did not differ for cows fed WDGS that were mixed in the diet at the time of feeding or when WDGS was mixed with the corn silage at harvest. When haycrop forage was direct cut, ensiled and mixed with WDGS at feeding, the cows consumed less feed and produced significantly less milk than when the same silage was co-ensiled with WDGS.

In NE data from five experiments were utilized in a meta-analysis to determine how ration ADIN concentration affects ADIN digestibility and N digestibility. Overall, results suggested that there was a negative relationship between ADIN and N digestibility, and a good correlation exists between them (R2 = 0.49). Acid detergent insoluble nitrogen is digestible and should not be used to measure the amount of indigestible N. A new method to estimate bacterial crude protein in vitro utilization real-time PCR was also developed. A study was conducted that evaluated the effects feeding wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS) on milk production and also to investigate the potential of storing WDGS mixed with other feeds. These results indicated that dairy rations can be formulated to include stored WDGS at 30% DM without negative effects on milk production and composition and that this feed may be co-stored with feeds such as ground hay, corn or corn silage. The last study investigated the feeding of a low lignin corn silage with a diets containing 30% DDGS was also explored. Although having a positive impact on protein yield milk fat yield was negatively affected.

Objective 3. To evaluate system components and integration of information into decision-support tools and whole farm analyses to improve efficiency, control variation, and enhance profitability, and environmental sustainability (whole farm)

CT has recently joined the project (October 2009). Progress has been made in the organization of the Dairy Farm Summary data for New England that will be used for the productivity studies. Work is underway in the estimation of econometric models to analyze the factors that explain a farmer's choice when implementing nutrient management plans.

In PA established focus groups utilized specialized software to enter responses regarding barriers and opportunities for dairy farm transition to new and beginning producers. Those key areas that were identified by participants were: ability to increase equity, followed by planning for management succession and adequate financial position to allow for a complete transfer of assets. Those key areas, along with gaps in knowledge or resources that were identified, were used to develop interactive webinars for new and beginning dairy producers. Focus groups also indicated that effective communication along with opportunities for training and development would result in the most positive returns on investments in terms of employee satisfaction and retention.

FL and GA continued collaboration in the cooperative Dairy Business Analysis Project (DBAP). In this project complete financial and production data are maintained for participating dairies and available for analysis. Twelve dairy farms located in Florida and Georgia had contributed complete financial and production data by the end of September 2009. In the most recent analysis farms with average herd size of 1399 cows and 708 heifers with 17,455 lbs. milk sold per cow. The average culling rate was 35%. The average milk price was $22.59. Average total revenues were $24.67 per cwt. milk sold. Total expenses averaged $21.09 per cwt. sold. The largest items were purchased feed, $9.20, and personnel costs, $3.57. Net farm income from operations averaged $3.58 per cwt. sold. Rate of return on equity was 26%. Net farm income was $3.57 per cwt sold.

IN and KY conducted a stochastic simulation model to assess the potential economic benefits associated with investments in precision dairy farming technologies. Preliminary results revealed that estrus detection and change in estrus detection rates are the most important determinants of the decision to invest in an automatic temperature monitoring system and that assumptions about the desired changes in managing BCS are crucial to long term benefits of investing in an automatic BCS system.

MN conducted field study were to describe animal welfare and environmental characteristics in low profile cross-ventilated freestall barns (CV) compared to conventional naturally ventilated freestall barns (NV). Aerial ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations were lower than recommended standards for human exposure in both types of barns, although concentrations were significantly higher in CV barns than NV barns. Light intensity was significantly lower in CV barns, but cows appeared to not be affected in any way. Hydrogen sulfide concentrations (ppb) were 17 for NV barns and 31 for CV barns. Light intensity (lux) was 429 for NV barns and 118 for CV barns. Air velocity (m/s) was 0.7 for NV barns and 0.9 for CV barns. A second study described management practices of dairy operations utilizing alternative bedding materials for partial or total replacement of sawdust in their compost dairy barns. Data suggests that any of the bedding to substitute or partially substitute for sawdust can work well in compost dairy barns if the pack is consistently well managed by tilling twice daily, providing proper ventilation to keep surface of pack dry, and adding new material when it is visually adhering to the cows. VA developed a planning spreadsheet which may be used to determine the number of cows needed on individual farms. This may be used to plan facilities and estimate income and expenses for projected budgets. The objective was to use Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) records to determine the most accurate method of calculating annual number of calvings in dairy herds. This research demonstrates that the number of calvings in a herd for a year will be nearly the same as the number of cows in the herd (all cows, past 12 mo). This indicates that more complicated estimates may under-estimate or over-estimate the number of calvings by as much as 10%, which will leave some herds many cows different from projected numbers, leading to more expense or less income than planned. This method, developed with 2467 herds, is simple and accurate.

MD conducted a needs assessment study of dairy producers with an objective to identify preferences for sources of advice and information, and the educational subject and delivery method priorities. Dairy producers scored the following sources for dairy information according to importance: veterinarians, 3.95; local farm and feed supply dealers, 3.46; other dairy producers in the area, 3.30; regional or national sales representatives, 2.97; county extension agents, 2.72; private consultants, 2.55; and close relatives who own dairies, 2.49. Producers scored the following 5 sources as the most frequent for obtaining information: dairy magazines, 3.75; cattle/farm magazines, 3.68; observations of other producers, 3.22; county extension newsletters, 2.86; one-on-one consulting, 2.71. Dairy respondents scored 97 practices in educational importance. The 20 practices with the highest scores were in the areas of mastitis and milk quality, reproductive management, nutrition and feeding, and transition cow management. A second objective of this study was to identify characteristics of Maryland dairy operations. The average herd size was 108 cows with 84 replacements and calves. Most survey respondents indicated they operated the following type of dairy: whole herd (72%); free stall (68%); and grade cattle (59%) with an average of 124 hectares of tillable cropland. Respondents indicated that business management practices including keeping cost of production, up-to-date business records, herd health records and accurate production records as their top priorities. The five most important limiting factors to improving and/or growing the dairy operation were in order of rank were: land costs, low profits, encroachment of development, labor availability and government regulations.

WI conducted four projects. In the first, investigators developed a large model framework to be used in decision-making in several areas of management of dairy farming. It is has been found that consistent replacement policies were to: (1) keep pregnant cows, (2) keep primiparous cows longer than multiparous, and (3) decrease replacement rates when milk and feed prices are favorable. In the second project WI investigators also positioned Wisconsin as a national leader in the analysis of the new dairy farm insurance product. They have developed a Website with information related to LGM-Dairy, including extensive documentation, spreadsheet and online tools. Extensive seminars and workshops were performed in Wisconsin and other states. In the third project Wisconsin dairy farms were also used to examine the extent to which technical efficiency is related to practices commonly used by dairy farmers and the effect of intensification on the performance of the farms. The empirical analysis showed that at a commercial level the administration of bovine somatotropin hormone to lactating cows increases milk production. In addition, farm efficiency is positively related to farm intensification, the level of contribution of family labor in the farm activities, the use of a total mixed ration feeding system and the milking frequency. The fourth project currently underway evaluated the impact of six major dairy herd diseases to the income over feed costs (IOFC) was evaluated. We expect to find a correlation between incidence and prevalence of these diseases with the IOFC and be able to better understand the overall economic impacts associated with each one of these diseases.

Moreira, V. H. and B. E. Bravo-Ureta. Technical Efficiency and Technological Gap Ratios for Dairy Farms in Three Southern Cone Countries: A Stochastic Meta-Frontier Model. Journal of Productivity Analysis (2010): Forthcoming.

Tao, H., T, F. Morris B. E. Bravo-Ureta and R. Meinert. A Partial Budget Analysis for Phosphorus-Based Nutrient Management Plans for Connecticut Dairy Farms. Agronomy Journal (2009): Forthcoming.

Moreira, V. H. and B. E. Bravo-Ureta. "A Study of Dairy Farm Technical Efficiency Using Meta-Regression: An International Perspective." Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research 69-2(2009): 214-223.

De Vries, A., J. D. Olson, and P. J. Pinedo. Reproductive risk factors for culling and productive life in 727 large dairy herds in the eastern USA between 2001 and 2006. J. Dairy Sci. (Accepted).

Bell, A.A., P. J. Hansen, and A. De Vries. 2009. Profitability of bovine somatotropin administration to increase first insemination conception rate in seasonal dairy herds with heat stress. Livestock Science 126:38-45.

Sanders, A. H., J. K. Shearer, and A. De Vries. 2009. Seasonal incidence of lameness and risk factors associated with thin soles, white line disease, ulcers, and sole punctures in dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 92:3165-3174.

De Vries, A., and S. Feleke. 2008 Prediction of future uniform milk prices in Florida federal milk marketing order 6 from milk futures markets. J. Dairy Sci. 91:4871-4880.

De Vries, A. 2009. Economics of sexed semen in dairy heifers and cows. Univ. Florida EDIS Document AN214.

De Vries, A., R. Giesy, M. Sowerby, and L. Ely. 2009. Dairy Business Analysis Project: 2007 financial summary. Univ. Florida EDIS Document AN213.

Bewley, J.M., M.W. Grott, M.E. Einstein, M.M. Schutz. 2008. Impact of intake water temperatures on reticular temperatures of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91:3880-3887.

Bewley, J.M., and M.M. Schutz. 2008. An interdisciplinary review of body condition scoring for dairy cattle. The Prof. Animal Scientist 24:507-529. Bewley, J.M., M.E. Einstein, M.W. Grott, and M.M. Schutz. 2008. Comparison of reticular and rectal core-body temperatures in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91:4661-4672.

O'Driscoll, K., S.D. Eicher*, M.M. Schutz, and A.C. Lossie. 2009. The effect of floor surface on dairy cow immune function and locomotion score. J. Dairy Sci.. 92:4249-4261.

Bewley, J.M., R.E. Boyce, L. Munksgaard, S.D. Eicher, M.E. Einstein, and M.M. Schutz. 2009. An exploratory study of management factors influencing lying behavior using an automated activity monitoring sensor. Journal of Dairy Res. (Accepted).

Bewley, J.M., R.E. Boyce, D.J. Roberts, M.P. Coffey, M.M. Schutz. 2009. A comparison of visual and palpation-based body condition scoring systems. J. Dairy Res. (Accepted).

Bewley, J.M., R.E. Boyce, D.J. Roberts, M.P. Coffey, and M.M. Schutz. 2009. Comparison of two methods of assessing dairy cow body condition score. Journal of Dairy Research (Accepted)

Bewley, J.M., R.E. Boyce, J. Hockin, L. Munksgaard, S.D. Eicher, M.E. Einstein, and M.M. Schutz. 2009. The influence of milk yield, stage of lactation, and body condition on dairy cattle lying behavior using an automated activity monitoring sensor. Journal of Dairy Research (Accepted)

Bewley, J.M., A.M. Peacock, O. Lewis, R.E. Boyce, D.J. Roberts, M.P. Coffey, S.J. Kenyon, and M.M. Schutz. 2008. Potential for estimation of body condition scores in dairy cattle from digital images. J. Dairy Sci. 2008 91: 3439-3453.

Bewley, J.M. and M.M. Schutz. 2008. An interdisciplinary review of body condition scoring for dairy cattle. The Professional Animal Scientist. 24:507-529

Bewley, J.M., M.E. Einstein, M.W. Grott, and M.M. Schutz. 2008. Comparison of reticular and rectal core-body temperatures in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91: 4661-4672

Bewley, J.M., M.W. Grott, M.E. Einstein, and M.M. Schutz. 2008. Impact of intake water temperatures on reticular temperatures of lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 91:3880-3887.

Bewley, J.M. and J.L. Taraba. Compost Bedded Pack Barns in Kentucky. Extension Fact Sheet ID-178.

Myers, Z. H., and D. K. Beede. 2009. Evaluating estimates of phosphorus maintenance requirement of lactating Holstein cows with different dry matter intakes. J. Dairy Sci. 92:708-719.

Davidson, J. A., and D. K. Beede. 2009. Exercise training of late-pregnant and nonpregnant dairy cows affects physical fitness and acid-base balance. J. Dairy Sci. 92:548-562.

Knowlton, K. F., D. K. Beede, and E. Kebreab. 2009. Phosphorus requirements and nutrition of ruminants. In: Phosphorus Nutrition of Ruminants. E. Kebreab, ed. CABI Publishing, CAB International, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8DE, UK. (Accepted).

Christenson, D. R., D. D. Warnick, J. E. McCarhty, D. K. Beede, D. W. Rozeboom, and A. G. Sollman. 2009. Field Crops (Chapter 36, page 545-565); (Focus Box, Dairying in Michigan, page 554). In: Michigan Geography and Geology. Schaetzl, R. J. Darden, J. T., and D. Brandt (eds). Pearson Custom Publishers, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Machacek, K.J., and P.J. Kononoff. 2009. The effect of acid detergent insoluble nitrogen on nitrogen digestibility in lactating dairy cows. Prof. Anim. Sci. In Press.

Hubbard, K.J., P.J. Kononoff, A. M. Gehman, J. M. Kelzer, K. Karges, and M. L. Gibson. 2009. The effect of feeding high protein dried distillers grains on milk production. J. Dairy Sci. 92: 2911-2914.

Kelzer, J.M., P.J. Kononoff, A.M. Gehman, K. Karges, and M.L. Gibson. 2009. Effects of feeding three types of corn milling co-products on ruminal fermentation and digestibility in lactating Holstein dairy cattle. J. Dairy Sci. 92: 5120-5132.

Hall, M.B. and Kononoff, P.J. By-Products. Encyclopedia of Dairy Sciences, Second Edition, In Press. Elsevier LTD, Oxford, England.

Shea, E.C., N.L. Whitehouse, and P.S. Erickson, 2009. Effects of colostrum replacer supplemented with lactoferrin on the blood plasma immunoglobulin G concentration and intestinal absorption of xylose in the neonatal calf. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2047-2054.

Morrill, K.M., S.P. Marston, N.L. Whitehouse, M.E. Van Amburgh, C.G. Schwab, D.M. Haines and P.S. Erickson. 2009. Anionic salts in the prepartum diet and addition of sodium bicarbonate to colostrum replacer and their effects on IgG absorption in the neonate. J. Dairy Sci. submitted.

Hyde, Jeffrey, Richard Stup, and Lisa Holden, (2008) "The Effect of Human Resource Management Practices on Farm Profitability: An Initial Assessment," Economics Bulletin, Vol. 17 no. 12 pp. 1-10.

Lascano, G. J., G. I. Zanton, M. L. Moody, P. A. Topper, E. F. Wheeler, and A. J. Heinrichs. 2008. Effect of changing the ration of forage to concentrate on ammonia emissions by dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 91:4301-4306.

Elizondo-Salazar, J. A., B. M. Jayarao, and A. J. Heinrichs. 2008. Colostrum pasteurization: effect on bacterial count and immunoglobuin G concentration. REDVET. Revista electrónica de Veterinaria. Volumen IX Número 9 www.veterinaria.org/revistas/redvet/n090908/090903.pdf

Straley B.A., S. I. Kehoe, A. J. Heinrichs and B. M. Jayarao. 2008. A survey of bacteriological quality and the occurrence of Salmonella in raw bovine colostrum. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 6:853-858.

Elizondo-Salazar, J. A., and A. J. Heinrichs. 2008. A review: Heat treating bovine colostrum. Prof. Anim. Sci. 24: 530-538.

Heinrichs, A. J., S. S. Costello, and C. M. Jones. 2009. Control of heifer mastitis by nutrition. Veterinary Microbiology. 134:172-176.

Lascano, G. J., and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Rumen fermentation pattern of dairy heifers fed restricted amounts of high, medium, and low concentrate diets with and without Saccharomyces Cervaisiae. Livestock Sci. 124:48-57.

Zanton, G.I., and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Digestion and nitrogen utilization in dairy heifers limit-fed a low or high forage ration at four levels of nitrogen intake. J. Dairy Sci. 92:2078-2094.

Terrill, S. J. and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. A review of symbiotic supplements on fecal immunoglobulin A in bovine neonates. CAB Reviews. Perspectives Agric. Vet. Sci. Nutr. Natural Resources 4 No. 3. 1-6. www.cababstractsplus.org/cabreviews.

Zanton, G. I., and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Evaluation of modeling procedures for fitting in situ feed degradation profiles. J. Animal Sci. 89:2080-2088.

Elizondo-Salazar, J. A., and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Feeding heat-treated colostrum to neonatal dairy heifers: effects on growth characteristics and blood parameters. J. Dairy Sci. 92:3265-3273

Heinrichs, A. J., C. M. Jones, J. A. Elizondo-Salazar, and S. J. Terrill. 2009. Effects of a probiotic supplement on health of neonatal dairy calves, Livestock Sci. 125:149-154.

Zanton, G. I., and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Review: Limit-feeding with altered forage-to-concentrate levels in dairy heifer diets. Prof. Anim. Sci. 25: 393-403.

Heinrichs, A. J. and J. A. Elizondo-Salazar. 2009. Reducing failure of passive immunoglobulin transfer in dairy calves. Revue. Med. Vet. 160:436-440.

Lascano, G. J., G. I. Zanton, and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Concentrate levels and Saccharomyces cerevisiae affect rumen fluid-associated bacteria numbers in dairy heifers. Livestock Sci: 126:189-194.

Elizondo-Salazar, J. A., and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Feeding heat-treated colostrum or unheated colostrum with two different bacterial concentrations to neonatal dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 92: 4565-4571.

Lascano, G. J., G. I. Zanton, F. J. Suarez-Mena, and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Impact of limit feeding high and low concentrate diets with Saccharamyces cervisiae on digestibility and on dairy heifer growth and first lactation performance.. J. Dairy Sci. 92:5100-5110.

Heinrichs, A. J., and C. M. Jones. 2009. Colostrum substitutes and milk replacers. in: Large Animal Internal Medicine. Ed. B. P. Smith.. Fourth Ed. Mosby Elesevier. Pp. 367-373.

Heinrichs, A. J. 2009. Managing calf health through nutrition. In Ruminant Formula for the Future: nutrition or pathology. Ed. S. Andrieu and H. Warren. Wageningen Academic Publishers. Pp. 25-31.

Abdelqader, M. M., A. R. Hippen, K. F. Kalscheur, D. J. Schingoethe, K. Karges, and M. L. Gibson. 2009. Evaluation of corn germ from ethanol production as an alternative fat source in dairy cow diets. J. Dairy Sci. 92:1023-1037.

Anderson, J. L., K. F. Kalscheur, A. D. Garcia, D. J. Schingoethe, and A. R. Hippen. 2009. Ensiling characteristics of wet distillers grains mixed with soybean hulls and evaluation of the feeding value for growing Holstein heifers. J. Anim. Sci. 87:2113-2123.

Cao, Z. J., J. L. Anderson, and K. F. Kalscheur. 2009. Ruminal degradation and intestinal digestibility of dried or wet distillers grains with increasing concentrations of condensed distillers solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 87:3013-3019

. Williams, C.M., J.-S. Eun, C.M. Dschaak, A.J. Young and J.W. MacAdam. 2009. Effects of replacing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay with birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) hay on ruminal fermentation and nitrogen metabolism in continuous culture: Short communication. J. Dairy Sci. (submitted).

Velayudhan, B. T., K. M. Daniels, D. P. Horrell, S. R. Hill, M. L. McGilliard, B. A. Corl, H. Jiang, and R. M. Akers. 2008. Developmental histology, segmental expression and nutritional regulation of somatotropic axis genes in small intestine of prepubertal dairy heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 91:3343-3352.

Daniels, K. M., M. L. McGilliard, M. J. Meyer, M. E. Van Amburgh, A. V. Capuco, and R. M. Akers. 2009. Effects of Body Weight and Nutrition on Histological Mammary Development in Holstein Heifers. J. Dairy Sci. 92:499-505.

Cabrera, V.E. Accepted. A large Markovian linear program for replacement policies to optimize dairy herd net income for diets and nitrogen excretion. Journal of Dairy Science 00-00.

Cabrera, V.E., Solis, D., del Corral, J. Accepted. Determinants of Technical Efficiency among Dairy Farms in Wisconsin. Journal of Dairy Science 00-00.

Cabrera, V.E., D. Solís, G.A Baigorria and D. Letson. 2009. Chapter 7th:Managing Climate Variability in Agricultural Analysis. IN Long, J.A. and Wells D.S. (Eds), Ocean Circulation and El Niño: New Research, p. 163-179, Nova Science Publishers, Inc, Hauppauge, NY.

Cabrera, V.E., Stavast, L.J., Baker, T.T., Wood, M.K., Cram, D.S., Flynn, R.P., and Ulery, A.L. 2009. Soil and runoff response to dairy manure application on rangeland. Agriculture, Ecology, and Environment 131:255-262.

Cabrera, V.E., Solis, D., Letson, D. 2009. Optimal crop insurance under climate variability: contrasting insurer and farmer interests. Transactions of the ASABE 52, 623-631.

AitSahlia, F., Wang, C., Cabrera, V.E., Uryasev, S., Fraisse, C.W. 2009. Optimal crop planting schedules and financial hedging strategies. Annals of Operations Research DOI: 10.1007/s10479-009-0551-2.

Liu, J., Men, C., Men, C., Cabrera, V.E., Uryasev, S., Fraisse, C.W. 2009. Optimizing crop insurance under climate variability. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology DOI: 10.1175/2007JAMC1490.1.

Cabrera, V.E., Hagevoort, R., Solis, D., Kirksey, R., Diemer, J.A. 2008. Economic Impact of Milk Production in the State of New Mexico. Journal of Dairy Science 91:2144-2150.

Cabrera, V.E., Mathis, C.P., Kirksey, R.E., Baker, T.T. 2008. Development of a seasonal prediction model for manure excretion by dairy cattle. The Professional Animal Scientist 24:175-183.

N.M. Esser, P.C. Hoffman, W.K. Coblentz, M.W. Orth and K.A. Weigel. 2009. The effect of dietary phosphorus on bone development in dairy heifers J. Dairy Sci. 92: 1741-1749.

Non Peer Reviewed

K. M. Morrill, S. P. Marston, N. L. Whitehouse, and P. S. Erickson. J. Dairy Sci. 92 E- Suppl.1: 127. Feeding anionic salts in the prefresh period, the addition of sodium bicarbonate to colostrum replacer and their effects on IgG absorption in the neonate.

Kruse, K.A., N. M. Esser, P. C. Hoffman, and D.K. Combs, 2009. Effects of limit feeding and ionophore supplementation on replacement heifer growth, rumen function and manure excretion. J. Dairy Sci. 92(Suppl. 1):abstr.

Hoffman P.C. 2008. The potential to limit feed dairy replacement heifers. Pp. 77 in the Proceedings of the Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, Fort Wayne, IN, Pp. 119 in the Proceedings of Dairy Calf and Heifer Growers Association. Rochester, MN, Pp. 85 inVirginia State Feed Association 62nd Annual Convention Proceedings, Blacksburg, Va.

Hoffman P.C. 2008. Novel nutrition for dairy replacement heifers. Pp. 74 in Four-State Dairy Nutrition and Management Conference, Dubuque, IA, Penn State Dairy Cattle Workshop, Grantville, PA.

Hoffman P.C. 2008. Cost of raising dairy calves and replacement heifers. Pp. 80 in Four-State Dairy Nutrition and Management Conference, Dubuque, IA.

Zwald. A, T. L. Kohlman, S. L. Gunderson, P. C. Hoffman1 and T. Krieg. 2008. Economic costs and labor efficiencies associated with raising dairy herd replacements on Wisconsin dairy farms and custom heifer raising operations. http://www.wisc.edu/dysci/

Huibregtse, A. T. Anderson, P. Hoffman and A. Zwald. 2008. In just nine yearsheifer-raising cost jumped over 50 percent. Hoards Dairyman. Vol 153(5):169.

Kohlman, T., S. Gunderson, P. Hoffman and A. Zwald. 2008. Caring for calves; an expensive business. Hoards Dairyman. Vol 153(1):40.

Kohlman, T., and P. Hoffman. 2008. Ten things to do when caring for calves. Hoards Dairyman Vol153(18):694.

Huntzicker, S. J.Zander, T. Kohlman, P. Hoffman, and A.Zwald. 2008. Big spread exist on hours needed to raise calves. Hoards Dairyman. Vol153(4):134.

Kohlman, T., S. Gunderson, P. Hoffman and A. Zwald. 2008. Feed expenses eat heifer-raising budgets. Hoards Dairyman. Vol153(2):55.

S. L. Berry, J. M. Pinos-Rodriquez, P. H. Robinson, and C. B. Tucker. Lesion Specific Lameness Incidence on Three California Dairies During 2007. Charlotte, NC:American Association of Bovine Practitioners. 41:52, 2008.

S.L.Berry and A. Ahmadi. 2009. Rolling yearly incidence report of lesions specific lameness on 3 commercial dairies in California. Unpublished for private distritbution.

Bewley, J.M., and M.M. Schutz. 2009.Potential of using new technology for estimating body condition scores.Proc. Tri-State Dairy Nutr. Conf.Fort Wayne, IN.

Schutz, M.M., and J.M. Bewley. 2009. Implications of changes in core body temperature. Proc. Tri-State Dairy Nutr. Conf.. Ft. Wayne, IN.

Bewley, J.M., M.D. Boehjle, A.W. Gray, H. Hogeveen, S.D. Eicher, Schutz, M.M., 2009. Modeling precision dairy farming technology investment decisions. In: Bregt, A., Wolfert, S., Wien, J.E., Lokhorst, C. (Eds.), EFITA conference '09. Proceedings of the 7th EFITA Conference, Wageningen,The Netherlands, 6-8 July 2009, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, pp. 107-114.

Schroer, R. C., T. D. Nennich, D. Little, and S. S. Donkin. 2009. Intake and growth of dairy heifers fed deoiled dried distillers grains. Page 175 in Proc. 2009 Tri-State Dairy Nutrition Conference, Fort Wayne, IN.

Rozeboom, Dale W., Beede, David K. 2009. How much root zone is needed for livestock nutrients. MSU Pork Quarterly 14(1), January (1st Quarter/Winter), 6-7.

Powers, W.J., D.M. Panetta, B.S. Oldick, A. Fogiel, J. Roth, J.R. Russell, M. Hollmann, D.K. Beede, J.A. Davidson, and D. Meyer. 2008. Impact of diet modification on performance and air emissions from dairy cattle. Proc. International Livestock Environment Symposium VIII. September 1-5, Iguasso Falls, Brazil.

Beede, David K. 2008. Provide plenty of water. Dairy Herd Management 45(4), April (2nd Quarter/Spring), 10-13. www.ManejoLechero.com

Hollmann, Marcus, Beede, David K., Allen, Michael. 2008. Ration fermentability: key factor for inclusion level of distiller's grains in lactation rations. Michigan Dairy Review 13(2), April (2nd Quarter/Spring), 6-8.

Hollmann, Marcus, Beede, David K. 2008. Dietary coconut oil and animal fat blend decrease lactational performance of Holstein cows fed a high starch diet. 91 (E-Suppl. 1).

Hollmann, Marcus, Beede, David K., Allen, Michael. 2008. "Hollmann, M., D. K. Beede, and M. S. Allen. (April 2008). Inclusion of corn distiller's grains reduces raw and fat-corrected milk yields but not milk fat concentration in more fermentable diets: A statistical analysis. Proc. Tri-State Nutrition Conf. page 155, Ft. Wayne, IN." April (2nd Quarter/Spring).

Bewley, J.M. 2009. Precision Dairy Farming: The Next Dairy Marvel? Abstract 5652. 60th Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production. Barcelona, Spain.

Bewley, J.M., M.D. Boehjle, A.W. Gray, H. Hogeveen, S.D. Eicher, and M.M. Schutz. 2009. Modeling precision dairy farming technology investment decisions . In: Bregt, A., Wolfert, S., Wien, J.E., Lokhorst, C. (Eds.), EFITA conference '09. Proceedings of the 7th EFITA Conference, Wageningen, The Netherlands, 6-8 July 2009, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, pp. 107-114.

Halachmi I, P.Polak, D.J.Roberts, M.Klopcic, J. Bewley. 2009. Thermally sensed, automatic cow body condition scoring. Precision livestock farming '09. edited by: C. Lokhorst and P.W.G. Groot Koerkamp. 2009, 368 pages, Wageningen Academic publishers. The Netherlands. Pages 193-200.

Russell, R.A. and J.M. Bewley. 2009. Description of Kentucky dairy management systems and producer demographics. Abstract W103. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,p> Russell, R.A. and J.M. Bewley. 2009. Characterization of the decision making behavior of Kentucky dairy producers. Abstract W104. American Dairy Science Association Annual Meeting. Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Peters, R. R., K. M. Wilson, M. R. Bell, R. A. Erdman, S. W. Fultz, J. E. Hall, R. A. Kohn, W. D. Lantz, J. W. Semler, and M. A. Varner. 2007 Maryland dairy producer education needs assessment study. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1)/ J. Dairy Sci. 90 (Suppl. 1)/ Poult. Sci. 86 (Suppl. 1): 26.

Peters, R. R., K. M. Wilson, M. R. Bell, R. A. Erdman, S. W. Fultz, J. E. Hall, R. A. Kohn, W. D. Lantz, J. W. Semler, and M. A. Varner. 2007 Trends in Maryland dairying and future prospects. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1)/ J. Dairy Sci. 90 (Suppl. 1)/ Poult. Sci. 86 (Suppl. 1): 26.

K. M. Lobeck, M. I. Endres, E. M. Shane, S. M. Godden, and J. Fetrow. 2009. Animal welfare in cross-ventilated and naturally ventilated dairy barns in the upper Midwest USA. J. Dairy Sci. 92(Suppl. 1):334.

K. M. Lobeck ,M. I. Endres, E. M. Shane, and K. A. Janni. 2009. Environmental characteristics in cross-ventilated and naturally ventilated dairy barns in the upper Midwest USA. J. Dairy Sci. 92(Suppl. 1):334.

M.I. Endres. 2009. Research on cow comfort. Dairy Star, August 2009. M.I. Endres. 2009. What do we know about cow 'friendship'? Dairy Star, May 2009.

M.I. Endres. 2009. Compost bedded pack barns - Can they work for you? Pp. 271 in Proc. 2009 Western Canadian Dairy Seminar, Alberta, March 2009.

M.I. Endres. 2009. Are your cows comfortable? Dairy Star, February 2009.

M.I. Endres. 2008. Human-cow interactions. Dairy Star, November 2008.

Raeth-Knight, M.L., H. Chester-Jones, S. Hayes, J. Linn, R. Larson, D. Ziegler, B. Ziegler, and N. Broadwater. 2009. Impact of conventional or intensive milk replacer programs on Holstein heifer performance through six months of age and during lactation J. Dairy Sci. 92:799-809.

Golombeski, G., M. Raeth-Knight, B. Ziegler, R. Larson, D. Ziegler H. Chester- Jones, and J. Linn. 2009. Performance of post-weaned Holstein heifer calves fed grain mixes with glycerin as an energy source. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 1): 87. Abstract M271.

Carlson, D. , S. Hayes, B. Ziegler, R.Larson, M. Raeth-Knight, G. Golombeski, J. Linn, D. Ziegler, and H. Chester-Jones. 2009. Influence of altering conventional milk replacer feeding rate and protein source on pre- and post-weaning performance and health of dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 1): 450. Abstract W221.

Hayes, S., D. Carlson, D. Ziegler, M. Raeth-Knight, G. Golombeski, B. Ziegler, R. Larson, J. Linn, and H. Chester-Jones. 2009. Pre- and post weaning performance and health of heifer calves fed different levels of bovine spray dried animal plasma in a traditional milk replacer program. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 1): 454. Abstract W234.

Chester-Jones, H., S. Hayes, R. Larson, B. Ziegler, D. Ziegler, M. Raeth-Knight, G. Golombeski, and J. Linn. 2009. Performance and health of post weaned Holstein heifer calves from 9 to 25 weeks of age fed grain mixes containing varying levels of bovine spray dried plasma protein during the initial transition to group pens. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 1): 455. Abstract W235.

Ziegler, D., R. Larson, B. Ziegler, M. Raeth- Knight, G. Golombeski, H. Chester-Jones, and J. Linn. Performance of post weaned Holstein heifer calves fed limit or free-choice pelleted grain mixes with two differing fiber levels along with free-choice hay. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 1): 455. Abstract W236.

Hyde, J. A., S. A. Roth and L. A. Holden. 2009. Human Resource Management on Dairy Farms: Does investing in people matter? Northeastern Agricultural and Resource Economics Association Meetings. June 7-9, 2009, Burlington, VT.

Holden, L. A., J. A. Hyde, B. J. Hilty, E. Cowan and J. Frey. 2009. Pennsylvania New and Beginning Dairy Producer Initiative. International Farm Management Association Meetings. July 12-16, Bloomington, IL.

J. A. Elizondo-Salazar, C. M. Jones, R.F. Leuer, and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Replacing milk proteins with nucleotides in milk replacers for pre-weaned dairy calves. J. Dairy Sci. 93: E-Suppl. 1: 11.

J. A. Elizondo-Salazar and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Feeding colostrum with an esophageal feeder does not reduce IgG absorption in neonatal dairy heifer calves. J. Dairy Sci. 93: E-Suppl. 1: 13.

J. A. Elizondo-Salazar and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. High bacterial concentration in colostrum does not interfere with IgG absorption in neonatal dairy bull calves. J. Dairy Sci. 93: E-Suppl. 1: 14.,p> K. E. Griswold, P. H. Craig, R. C. Goodling, and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Subjectivity of qualitative assessment of corn silage by dairy nutritionists. J. Dairy Sci. 93: E-Suppl. 1: 34.

Heinrichs, A. J. 2009. Mastitis prevention: the nutritional approach. Feed Mix: The International Journal of Feed, Nutrition, and Technology. 16:15-17. Heinrichs, A. J. 2009. Dairy calf nutrition issues. Primus Agr Magazin. Munchen, Germany. Pp. 26-30.

Heinrichs, A. J. 2009. Manage your calf health through nutrition. Progressive Dairyman. 23(6):42-43.

Zanton, G. I., and A. J. Heinrichs. 2009. Limit-feeding heifers: what we have learned and what we recommend. Hoards Dairyman. 154(7): 252.

Heinrichs, A. J. and G. J. Lascano. 2009. Rumen development and health for optimal growth and rumen microbial production in dairy replacements. In XIV ISAH Congress 2009 Sustainable animal husbandry: prevention is better than cure. Vol 1 pp 89-82.

Abdelqader, M. M., J. L. Anderson, A. R. Hippen, D. J. Schingoethe, and K. F. Kalscheur. 2009. In situ ruminal degradability of dry matter and protein from corn germ, distillers grains, and soybean meal. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (5):2362. (Abstr.)

Rosentrater, K. A., F. Teymouri, and K. F. Kalscheur. 2009. Quantifying livestock feed value of AFEX-treated DDGS and subsequent biorefinery byproducts. 31st Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, San Francisco, CA, May 4, 2009. Poster 9-55. p.148. (Abstr.)

Christen, K. A., D. J. Schingoethe, K. F. Kalscheur, A. R. Hippen, K. Karges, and M. L. Gibson. 2009. Response of lactating dairy cows to high protein distillers grains or three other protein supplements. J. Dairy Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 1):559. (Abstr.)

Mjoun, K., K. F. Kalscheur, A. R. Hippen, and D. J. Schingoethe. 2009. In situ ruminal degradability and intestinal digestibility of protein in soybean and dried distillers grains with solubles products. J. Dairy Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 1):84. (Abstr.)

Mjoun, K., K. F. Kalscheur, A. R. Hippen, and D. J. Schingoethe. 2009. Lactation performance and amino acid utilization of early lactating cows fed regular or de-oiled dried distillers grains with solubles. J. Dairy Sci. 92(E-Suppl. 1):559. (Abstr.)

Garcia, A. D., K. F. Kalscheur, A. R. Hippen, and K. Rosentrater. 2009. O problema resultante da presença de micotoxinas em grãos de destilaría destinados a rumiantes. Albeitar: publicacion veterinaria independendiente, Portugal, March/April, No. 2. pp. 48-53. Schingoethe, D. J., A. D. Garcia, K. F. Kalscheur, A. R. Hippen, and K. Rosentrater. 2009. El azufre en los granos de destilería para el ganado lechero. South Dakota State University, Cooperative Extension Service. ExEx4039S.

Dschaak, C.M., J.-S. Eun, F. H. Bhushan, and A. J. Young. 2009. Shift in in vitro microbial fermentation in response to condensed tannin supplementation in mixed ruminal cultures. J. Dairy Sci. 92: W274 (Suppl. 1)(abst.)

Williams, C.M., C. M. Dschaak, J.-S. Eun, A. J. Young, and J. W. MacAdam. 2009. Ruminal metabolism during continuous culture fermentation when replacing alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) hay with birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) hay. Proc. Western Section, ASAS 60:

James, Robert E. 2009. Clean Colostrum and Ig Absorption. Proceedings of Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Association Meeting. Madison.

James, Robert E. and M. C. Scott . 2009. Management of on Farm Pasteurizers in Calf FeedingPrograms. Proceedings Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Association Meeting. Madison. James, Robert E. and S. Godden. 2009. Managing a pasteurizer system for feeding milk to calves. Bovine Alliance on Management and Nutrition (BAMN) publication.

Cabrera, V.E., Gould, B.W., Valvekar, M. 2009. Livestock gross margin insurance for dairy Cattle: an analysis of program performance and cost under alternative policy configurations. AAEA, CAES, & WAEA Joint Annual Meeting. Milwaukee, WI, 26-28 July 2009.

Cabrera, V.E. 2009. A large Markovian linear program model for dairy herd decision-making. Joint ADSA-CSAS-ASAS Annual Meeting. Montreal, Canada, 12-16 July 2009. (Invited) J. Dairy Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 1):661. Cabrera, V.E., Pantoja, J., Ruegg, P., Shook, G. 2009. Decision-making for early postpartum subclinical mastitis. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 1):T13. Valvekar, M., Cabrera, V.E., Gould, B. 2009. Analysis of program performance and cost under alternative policy configurations and market conditions. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 1):W102.

Janowski, J., Cabrera, V.E. 2009. A stochastic decision support system tool for dairy expansion. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 1):T236.

Inostroza, J. F., Cabrera, V.E., Shaver, R.D., Tricarico, J.M. 2009. Evaluation of the economic impact of Optigen use in commercial dairy herd diets with varying feed and milk prices. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 1):M131.

Inostroza, J. F., Shaver, R.D., Cabrera, V.E., Tricarico, J.M. 2009. Effect of Optigen on milk yield composition and component yields in commercial Wisconsin dairy farms. J. Dairy Sci. 92 (E-Suppl. 1):T297.

Inostroza, J. F., Cabrera, V.E., Shaver, R.D., Tricarico, J.M. 2009. Evaluation of the economic impact of Optigen use in commercial dairy herd diets with varying feed and milk prices. Alltech 25th International Symposium, 17-20 May 2009, Lexington, KY.

De Vries, A., and R. Nebel. 2009. National heifers supply and the effects of sexed semen. Pages 131-140 in: Proceedings Western Dairy Management Conference, Reno, NV, March 9-13.

De Vries, A. 2006. How much can you afford to spend on treating a broken cow? Pages 79 to 92 in: Proceedings Southeast Dairy Herd Management Conference. Macon, GA, November 14-15.

De Vries, A. 2009. Application of statistical process control techniques to monitor changes in animal production systems. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 92, E-Suppl. 1: 35.

De Vries, A. 2009. To keep or cull a cow. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 92, E-Suppl. 1: 541.

Lima, F., A. De Vries, and C. Risco. 2009. Financial analysis of direct comparison of natural service sires and timed artificial insemination in a dairy herd. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 92, E-Suppl. 1: 138.

Ely, L. O., A. De Vries, R. Giesy, M. Sowerby, B. Broaddus, and C. Vann. 2009. Financial performance of dairies in Florida and Georgia in 2007. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 92, E-Suppl. 1: 414

Pinedo, P. J., and A. De Vries. 2009. Effect of days open in the previous lactation on the risk of culling or death around calving. J. Anim. Sci. Vol. 87, E-Suppl. 2/J. Dairy Sci. Vol. 92, E-Suppl. 1: 336