Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Colorado State University - Haley In fall 2009, experimental line CO03W054-2 was released as 'Snowmass'. Snowmass is a medium maturing, tall semidwarf, hard white winter wheat. Snowmass was selected from the cross KS96HW94//'Trego'/CO960293 made in fall 1999. Snowmass has good resistance to stripe and stem rust and "temperature-sensitive near immunity" to wheat streak mosaic virus (from the CO960293 parent). Sprout tolerance of Snowmass is adequate for High Plains production, better than Platte, similar to Trego, and less than Danby. Averaged across 2008 and 2009 Colorado dryland variety trials, Snowmass was the second highest yielding entry, similar to Ripper and greater than all other hard red and hard white wheat cultivars. Bread baking quality characteristics of Snowmass include strong dough mixing properties (7.0 min Mixograph mix time, compared to 3.0 min for Danby and 4.6 min for Hatcher), high pup loaf volumes (1011 cc, compared to 870 cc for Danby and 938 cc for Hatcher), and good crumb grain scores (4.5 score, compared to 2.5 for Danby and 4.0 for Hatcher). In 2009, we continued several quality-related research activities including: SKCS, NIR, PPO, and Mixograph analyses of our Wheat-CAP mapping population (Platte/CO940610); collaborative research with Jerry Johnson (CSU Extension Agronomist) to assess the effect of planting date, seeding rate, and fertilizer rate on end-use quality; and flour and whole-grain NIR calibration development for SKCS, PPO, and dough mixing properties. In our breeding program, we continue to implement marker-assisted selection in a rapid advance (via single seed descent) F2 allele enrichment scheme, focusing on key disease and insect resistance genes and both high and low molecular weight glutenin subunits. In May 2009, Dr. Oluwatosin Adedipe joined our program as a postdoctoral scientist focusing on NIR calibration development. Montana State University Spring Wheat Program - Talbert Approximately 2,000,000 acres of hard red spring wheat were seeded in 2009. Leading varieties were Reeder, Choteau, Vida and McNeal, accounting for over 60% of the acreage in the state. Our recently released variety, Vida, is a high-yielding line especially suited for rain-fed areas of Montana. One focus of the project over the past few years has been to identify new forms of resistance to the wheat stem sawfly that may complement solid stems as we develop host plant resistance. In this regard, two QTL were identified that control attraction of female sawfly to plants for oviposition. These QTL are being incorporated into new varieties. We have also instigated several experiments regarding genetics of resistance to the orange wheat blossom midge. This is a major insect pest in the northwestern part of Montana. Our results indicate that differences in host-plant attractiveness to the female midge may also be exploited to help control this insect. Montana State University - Winter Wheat Program - Bruckner Montana harvested winter wheat acreage for 2009 was 2.42 million acres averaging ~37 bu/acre (total production ~89.5 million bushels). Leading varieties were Genou (24.5%) and Yellowstone (12.7%), both recent program releases. Genou was the most planted wheat cultivar in Montana for the 3rd consecutive year. The winter wheat program emphasizes on-farm productivity characteristics and quality characteristics to compete in a global market place. Specific objectives include productivity, adaptation (cold tolerance, maturity, stress tolerance), pest resistance (wheat stem sawfly, wheat streak mosaic virus, stem rust), and dual-purpose end-use quality. End-use quality goals are high grain protein and gluten strength, high flour extraction and low ash content, good dough mixing and bread baking quality, and superior noodle color and textural characteristics. No new cultivars were released in 2009. Montana State University - Quantitative Genetics and Plant breeding - Giroux and Martin Our objectives are to conduct studies on genes important to wheat grain quality and or agronomic traits. In 2009, we published two papers on the creation and testing of new Puroindoline alleles. The new alleles were created and tested in the soft white spring wheat Alpowa. New Pina and Pinb missense alleles varied in function in terms of their effects upon grain hardness from mild to severe. Missense alleles characterized as mild were those that did not result in large hardness increases relative to Alpowa while severe alleles resulted in hard grain texture. Oregon State University Wheat Breeding Programs - Peterson A total of nine varieties have been released since 2002, including Tubbs and Tubbs 06; ORCF-101, 102, 103; Norwest 553, Goetze, and Skiles. These varieties accounted for 457,200 acres, or 60.4% of all winter wheat produced in Oregon in 2009 (either alone or in blends). This exceeds acreage of Stephens, long the #1 variety in Oregon, at 170,000 acres, or 19.3% of all winter wheat. Varieties released by OSU since 2002 accounted for 31% of all Washington Certified winter wheat seed sold in fall 2008. Using conservative estimates, these nine new wheat varieties have increased yields across the state by 5 bushels per acre (8 to 12%) compared to Stephens. At the current price of wheat (~$5.50 per bushel) this equates to an economic impact for Oregon wheat growers of $12 million dollars in 2009 alone. Availability of these new varieties has contributed to a nearly 10-fold increase in wheat acreage in the Willamette valley. In Washington, these new OSU wheat varieties increase wheat yields by an average 6.5 bushels per acre compared to Madsen. At the current wheat, the economic impact of these improved Oregon wheat varieties for Washington growers is conservatively estimated to be $21.5 million dollars in 2009. The CLEARFIELD varieties ORCF-101, ORCF-102, and ORCF-103 were the leading royalty income sources for OSU in 2007 and 2008. Twenty eight seed companies in the PNW are currently licensed to produce and sell seed of the OSU CLEARFIELD varieties. In fall, 2008, approximately 450,000 acres of ORCF-101 and 102 were seeded in the PNW from sale of 540,000 bushels of Certified seed. For fall 2009, combined seed sales of ORCF-101, 102, and 103 are anticipated to be over 700,000 bu. The Oregon Winter Elite Yield Trial (OWEYT) was grown at 14 locations in 2009. Data were collected and summarized from 11 sites. Data also were collected from 7 locations of the Hard Winter Elite Yield Trials (HWELT) and 4 locations of the Oregon Spring Elite Yield Trial (OSEYT). These variety trials support breeding efforts, end-use quality testing, variety release decisions, variety quality recommendations, and provide important information on variety performance to Oregon wheat growers. Oregon State University Cereal Quality Program - Ross During 2009 the laboratory processed or supervised data collection from 120 whole wheat mixographs, 900 polyphenol oxidase tests, over 1900 kernel hardness tests, 400 NIR protein tests, 195 total polymeric protein analyses, 126 full mill/rheology/bake profiles, 103 mill/bake profiles, and 90 mill/rheology profiles. The laboratory also supervised over 100 barley RVA and over 500 barley beta-glucan analyses. Other laboratory activities included methods validation and development work on the new 100g pin mixer for pup loaf baking, adaptation of a high-throughput beta glucan testing method, and adaptation, commissioning, and validation of a new, more rapid, small-bore chromatographic method for gluten quality analyses. During 2009 CQL personnel attended the PNW Wheat Quality Council and National Food Barley Council meetings. The PI traveled to the Australian Cereal Chemistry Conference, and to Central America and Mexico with US Wheat Associates. University of Idaho Aberdeen Research & Extension Center - Chen We had a very productive year in 2009 and made significant contributions in the hard white winter wheat variety development and in scholarly contributions. We released hard white winter wheat variety UICF Grace that carries the Als1 gene for tolerance to imazamox herbicide. We also released another hard white winter wheat UI Silver and announced the pre-release of hard white winter wheat IDO835. Foundation seeds for the three varieties will be available in the fall of 2010. UICF Grace is adapted to dryland production, while UI Silver and IDO835 are adapted to both irrigated and rainfed production areas. We also submitted an additional two spring wheat potential releases to PNW Quality Council. In addition, I published six peer-referred articles (one senior author) and submitted one (senior author) in the Journal of Plant Registration this year. In cooperation with the Moscow breeding program, we completed WheatCap projects and identified QTL and markers associated with the predominant diseases (HTAP stripe rust and Dwarf bunt) in Idaho and QTL associated with end-use quality, which will accelerate the deployment of MAS in the breeding program. Two manuscripts derived from the CAP project will be submitted by the end of this year or the beginning of 2010. To sustain Idaho wheat production, we initiated drought projects and conducted intensive field screening and candidate gene mapping. We identified some QTL associated with drought related physiological traits and mapped thirteen candidate genes in the wheat genome. One manuscript derived from the drought project was submitted and one poster will be presented at PAG meeting in Jan. 2010. In order to improve the breeding efficiency, I use my budget wisely and purchased a new headrow thresher and a Ranger. The new headrow thresher reduced by half the time required for winter wheat planting turn around. The Ranger helped a lot for transportation in Aberdeen. Washington State University Spring Wheat Breeding Program - Kidwell/Shelton/Pumphrey After nearly three years of searching, a new spring wheat breeder has been identified. Dr. Michael Pumphrey has been appointed and assumed the position in January 2010. During this longer than expected transition, this program has faced considerable change with the departure of Dr. Dipak Santra, Dr. Meenakshi Santra and Adrienne Burke, all of whom were important in meeting the overall goals of this program. In contrast, we have an additional person, Wycliffe Nyongesa who is a new field technologist. With these changes the program has remained highly productive. In 2009, over 29,000 breeding lines and/or named varieties of four market classes (soft white, hard white, hard red and club) were evaluated. Nearly 2,700 lines were selected for end-use quality assessment in 2009. Additionally, 276 crosses were made in 2009. The introgression of marker-assisted selection (MAS)-derived genotypes has become an important segment of the program and the development of genotypes through MAS that carry essential genes of interest are currently being used as parents in our crossing blocks. Targeted genes include stripe rust seedling resistance genes Yr5 and Yr15, the high-temperature adult-plant stripe rust resistance genes of Louise and Alpowa, the high protein gene Gpc-B1, and Hessian fly resistance genes H9, H13 and H25. Success for this program is measured by the producers adoption of our newly released varieties. Louise was released in 2005 and in 2009, 62% (180,000 A) of the soft white spring wheat acreage in Washington state was planted to Louise. Washington State University Winter Wheat Breeding Program - Carter The biggest change over the past year as been the recent hire of the new winter wheat breeder. Arron Carter started on July 16th, 2009 and has been actively engaged in cultivar development efforts. As with all new additions, the winter wheat breeding program has been going through a series of internal evaluations, identifying ways in which the program can expand on the previous program. Initial areas of expansion for the winter wheat program include the incorporation of marker-assisted selection, early-generation end-use quality screening, and a more focused approach to collaboration with other researchers on cultivar development. The marker-assisted selection program is focusing on pyramiding seedling and adult plant resistance to stripe rust, incorporation of Rht8, selection for foot rot resistance, and selection for Gpc-B1. Cross-hybridizations are centralized around these focus areas as well as others for future marker-assisted selections. Objectives of the breeding program focus on grain yield productivity and stability, adaptation (emergence, cold tolerance, drought tolerance), pest resistance (stripe rust, foot rot, snow mold, Cephalosporium stripe, wireworm), and excellent end-use quality characteristics. The main focus of the winter wheat breeding program continues to focus on cultivar development for the soft white common, hard red, and hard white market classes. In 2009, approximately 1.7 million acres of wheat were planted in Washington. Eltan continues to be the top planted cultivar, accounting for 21% of the winter wheat acreage. Acreage of Imazamox resistant cultivars increased 67% from 2008 and was planted on over 200,000 acres. Soft white club acreage was slightly higher this year, being planted on 128,000 acres. Hard red winter wheat is continuing to decline in acreage with only 212,000 acres in 2009, a 40% decrease from 2007. Hard white winter wheat cultivars are still planted on minimal acreage. Western Wheat Quality Lab - Morris and Beecher A comprehensive analysis of wheat grain ash across the U.S. Pacific Northwest showed that some genetic variation existed for the trait but that environment and crop year were a greater source of variation, therefore discouraging any significant breeding effort. Milling performance and the quality of Chinese white salted noodles was shown to benefit from the Pinb-D1b allele. Transforming maize with puroindolines increased wet milling starch yields 5% while reducing the pressure required to fracture kernels by up to 36%. A new gene locus for Puroindoline b variant was discovered (Pinb-2) and other homoeologs re-assigned through physical mapping. Hard-soft near isogenic lines were used to determine polar lipid composition in grain. Surveys of water soluble and total arabinoxylans of Pacific Northwest wheat cultivars and breeding populations were conducted and showed that genetic variation ranged about 2 fold. Feeding trials with rainbow trout indicated that waxy wheat could be a superior aquaculture feed. PPO genes structure was advanced by cloning PPO genes and conducting a phylogenetic analysis. Digital Differential Display was shown to effectively identify differentially expressed UniGenes in silico in wheat during development. The AACCI Approved Method 10-52 for sugar-snap cookies was revised. Collaboration included studies on size-exclusion HPLC analysis of SWW wheat proteins, the effect of free-air CO2 enrichment on wheat grain quality, use of marker-assisted selection to rapidly target rust resistance genes into wheat, and studies on the gluten macropolymer in Asian noodles. Each year Doug Engle and Dr. Morris organize the Pacific Northwest Wheat Quality Council, with attendance of approximately 80, there are 22 collaborators which include ADM Milling, Agri-Pro/Syngenta, Central Milling, Cereal Foods Processors, ConAgra, Horizon Milling,Kraft/Nabisco, Continental Mills, Pendleton Flour Milling, USDA-GIPSA-FGIS, WestBred LLC, and others. Engle and Morris also organize the Overseas Varietal Analysis Project, Soft White & Club Wheats for U.S. Wheat Associates.

Bettge, A.D., Kweon, M. 2009. Collaborative study on updated method 10-52: Baking quality of cookie flour micro method (sugar-snap cookie). CFW 54:70-73. Blake, N.K., S. P. Lanning, J. M. Martin, M. Doyle, J. D. Sherman, Y. Naruoka, and L. E. Talbert. 2009. Effect of variation for major growth habit genes on maturity and yield in five spring wheat populations. Crop Sci. 49:1211-1220. Carter, A.H., X.M. Chen, K. Garland-Campbell, and K.K. Kidwell. 2009. Identifying QTL for high-temperature adult-plant resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in the spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Louise. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 119:1119-1128. Chen, J., E. J. Souza, R. S. Zemetra, N. A. Bosque-Pérez, M. J. Guttieri, J. Wheeler, K. M. O'Brien, J. W. Windes, S. O. Guy, B. D. Brown, X. M. Chen. 2009. Registration of Cataldo Spring Wheat. J. Plant Registration 3: 264 - 268. Eujayl, I. and C.F. Morris. 2009. Identification of differentially expressed UniGenes in developing wheat seed using digital differential display. J. Cereal Sci. 49:316-318. Feiz, L., B.S. Beecher, J.M. Martin, and M.J. Giroux. (2009) In planta mutagenesis determines the functional regions of the wheat puroindoline proteins. Genetics 183(3):853-860. Feiz, L., H.W. Wanjugi, C.W. Melnyk, I. Altosaar, J.M. Martin, and M.J. Giroux. (2009a) Puroindolines co-localize to the starch granule surface and increase seed bound polar lipid content. J Cereal Science 50:91-98. Feiz, L., J.M. Martin, and M.J. Giroux. (2009b) Creation and functional analysis of new Puroindoline alleles in Triticum aestivum. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 118:247-257. Gaylord, T.G., Barrows, F.T., Rawles, S.D., Liu, K., Bregitzer, P., Hang, A., Obert, D.E., and Morris, C.F. 2009. Apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy in extruded diets from cultivars of barley and wheat selected for nutritional quality in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture Nutrition 15:306-312. Griffey, C.A., W. E. Thomason, R. M. Pitman, B. R. Beahm, J. J. Paling, J. Chen, J. K. Fanelli, J. C. Kenner, D. W. Dunaway, W. S. Brooks, M. E. Vaughn, E.G. Hokanson, H. D. Behl, R. A. Corbin, J. T. Custis, C. M. Waldenmaier, D. E. Starner, S. A. Gulick, S. R. Ashburn, D. L. Whitt, H. E. Bockelman, E. J. Souza, D. L. Long, Y. Jin, X. Chen, and S. E. Cambron. 2009. Registration of USG 3555 Wheat. J. Plant Registration 3: 273 - 278. Griffey, C.A., W. E. Thomason, R. M. Pitman, B. R. Beahm, J. J. Paling, J. Chen, J. K. Fanelli, J. C. Kenner, D. W. Dunaway, W. S. Brooks, M. E. Vaughn, E.G. Hokanson, H. D. Behl, R. A. Corbin, J. T. Custis, C. M. Waldenmaier, D. E. Starner, S. A. Gulick, S. R. Ashburn, D. L. Whitt, H. E. Bockelman, E. J. Souza, D. L. Long, Y. Jin, X. Chen, and S. E. Cambron. 2009. Registration of 5205 Wheat. J. Plant Registration 3: 283 - 288. Haley, S.D., J.J. Johnson, P.H. Westra, F.B. Peairs, J.A. Stromberger, E.E. Heaton, S.A. Seifert, R.A. Kottke, J.B. Rudolph, G.Bai, R.L. Bowden, M.-S. Chen, X. Chen, Y. Jin, J.A. Kolmer, and B.W. Seabourn. 2009. Registration of 'Thunder CL' wheat. J. Plant Reg. 3:181-184. Haynes, L.C., Bettge, A.D.,and Slade, L. 2009. Soft wheat and flour products methods review: Solvent Retention Capacity equation correction. CFW 54:174-175. He, X.Y., He, Z.H., Morris, C.F., and Xia, X.C. 2009. Cloning and phylogenetic analysis of polyphenol oxidase genes in common wheat and related species. Genetic Res. Crop Evolution 56:311-321. Kidwell, K.K., G.B. Shelton, V.L. DeMacon, X. Chen, J. Kuehner, B. Baik, D.A. Engle, A.H. Carter and N.A. Bosque-Perez. 2009. Registration of Kelse wheat. Journal of Plant Registrations 3(3):269-272. Kidwell, K.K., G.B. Shelton, V.L. DeMacon, J. Kuehner, B.K. Baik, D.A. Engle, and N.A. Bosque-Perez, A. Burke, A.H. Carter and X. Chen. 2009. Registration of Whit wheat. Journal of Plant Registrations 3(3)279-282. Li, S., Morris, C.F., and Bettge, A.D. 2009. Genotype and environment variation for arabinoxylans in hard winter and spring wheats of the U.S. Pacific Northwest. Cereal Chem. 86:88-95. Ma, D., Zhang, Y., Xia, X., Morris, C.F., and He, Z. 2009. Milling and Chinese raw white noodle qualities of common wheat near-isogenic lines differing in puroindoline b-alleles. J. Cereal Sci. 50:126-130. Morris, C.F., Li, S., King, G.E., Engle, D.A., Burns, J.W., and Ross, A.S. 2009. A comprehensive genotype and environment assessment of wheat grain ash content in Oregon and Washington: Analysis of variation. Cereal Chem. 86:307-312. Ohm, J.B., Ross, A.S., Peterson, C.J., and Morris, C.F. 2009. Relationships of quality characteristics with size-exclusion HPLC chromatogram of protein extract in soft white winter wheats. Cereal Chem. 86:197-203. Porteaus, F., Hill, J., Ball, A.S., Pinter, P.J., Kimball, B.A., Wall, G.W., Adamsen, F.J., Hunsaker, D.J., LaMorte, R.L., Leavitt, S.W., Thompson, T.L., Matthias, A.D., Brooks, T.J., and Morris, C.F. 2009. Effect of free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) on the chemical composition and nutritive value of wheat grain and straw. Animal Feed Sci.and Tech. 149:322-332. Randhawa, H.S., Mutti, J.S., Kidwell, K., Morris, C.F., Chen, X., and Gill, K.S. 2009. Rapid and targeted introgression of genes into popular cultivars using marker-assisted background selection. PLoS ONE 4:e5752. Rey, J.I., P. M. Hayes, S. E. Petrie, A. Corey, M. Flowers, J. B. Ohm, C. Ong, K. Rhinhart, and A. S. Ross. Production of Dryland Barley for Human Food: Quality and Agronomic Performance Crop Sci. 2009 49: 347355. Weaver, D. K., M. Buteler, M. L. Hofland, J. B. Runyon, C. Nansen, L. E. Talbert, and G. R. Carlson. 2009. Cultivar preferences of ovipositing wheat stem sawflies as influenced by the amounts of volatile attractants. J. Econ. Entomol. 102:1009-1017. Zhang, J., Martin, J.M., Beecher, B., Morris, C.F., Hannah, L.C., and Giroux, M.J. 2009. Seed-specific expression of the wheat puroindoline genes improves maize wet milling yields. Plant Biotech. Journal 7:733-743. Zhang, J., J.M. Martin, B. Beecher, C.F. Morris, L.C. Hannah, and M.J. Giroux (2009) Seed-specific expression of the wheat puroindoline genes improves maize wet milling yields. Plant Biotechnology 7:733-743. Zheng, S., P.F. Byrne, G. Bai, X. Shan, S.D. Reid, S.D. Haley, and B.W. Seabourn. 2009. Association analysis reveals effects of wheat glutenin alleles and rye translocations on dough-mixing properties. J. Cer. Sci. 50:283-290.