Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The joint meeting of WERA-97 and the Western Wheat Workers was held on May 27-28, 2009 and was hosted by Chris Mundt and Jim Peterson at Oregon State University, Corvallis. The meeting began Wednesday with a welcome provided by Dr. Russ Karow, Head of Crop and Soil Sciences (CSS) at Oregon State University. He provided a update on the status of wheat production in the Wilamette Valley and the potential of 200,000 acres by 2010, largely due to the lack of grass seed production and improved wheat varieties. A new licensing policy by the public universities in Oregon, Washington and Idaho, referred to as the TriStateLicense Entity has enabled individual seed associates to gain access to new varieties with herbicide tolerance and generate a royalty stream to the breeding programs. Chris Mundt provided the meeting agenda and specifics on the evening social, and tours of the Botany and Hyslop Farms. Western Wheat Workers Joint Technical Reports were presented in the morning followed by WERA-97 State Reports in the afternoon. Business meetings were conducted in the late afternoon. The joint meeting for 2010 was chosen for Bozeman, hosted by MSU, Alan Dyer & Mary Burrows. Dinner was catered in the local park. On Friday Amy 28th, tours were conducted of the Botany and Hylsop farms, the OSU Cephalosporium nursery at the Botany farm (Chris Mundt), Jim Petersons nursery for stripe rust, BYDV, and imi tolerance at the Hyslop farm and the barley nursery (Pat Hays). Maria Dolores Vazquez, a graduate student with Jim Peterson, wheat breeder in CSS at OSU made a presentation on the status of disease resistance in the PNW and Oregon specifically. High temperature adult plant resistance, HTAP, or durable resistance to rust has been very effective in Stephens wheat. Research goals are to locate QTL markers in populations from a Stephens x Platt cross and building a consensus map with DArt genotyping. Location of a marker on the 2A chromosome, wPt-8490, is a promising marker linked to reduced severity of rust. Other markers have been located in Stephens on chromosomes 2A, 7A, 5A and 1A as well as in Platte on chromosome 4B. Xianming Chen of WSU discussed the stripe rust program as WSU-ARS. The HTAP that was first discovered and referred to a partial resistance to stripe rust, in the wheat variety Brevor was developed by Dr. Vogel and released by WSU in 1949. The durable resistance of Brevor has been included in wheat varieties Omar, Gaines, Nugaines, and Luke, and has been effective for over 60 years. The overall strategy to obtain stripe rust resistance is to employ a seedling selection for race specific resistance and then rely on the field screen for durable or HTAP. Overall, there are new and additional sources of HTAP that have been identified with molecular markers. Luther Talbert, MSU described the goals for his spring wheat breeding program as dealing with increased heat tolerance utilizing the green leaf area duration or tolerance of higher temperatures during grain fill. The number one pest problem is the wheat stem sawfly. The solid stem character is widely used in breeding current MSU varieties, Choteau, Genou, and in private programs. Research into the antixenosis or avoidance of stems by the adult sawfly is underway. Variety blends may be a management tool to concentrate sawfly damage to a limited portion of the plants in a field. Martin Quincke, a graduate student with Chris Mundt and Jim Peterson talked about QTL analyses for Cephalosporium stripe resistance. Cephalosporium stripe resistance is found on the 6Ae#2 chromosome of Th. Elongatum (CI13113). Populations with CI13113 and Tubbs are being screened with specific markers for cephalosporium stripe and improved wheat characters. Other characters that are of interest for OSU are the low gliadin quality wheats. Oscar Riera-Lizarazu, a faculty member in Crop and Soil Science at OSU, also made some insightful comments on molecular markers for several wheat diseases. Kim Campbell, WSU-ARS presented goals for research on the Root lesion nematode and Fusarium crown rot, from Australian wheat sources. Chris Mundt suggested a goal for the 2010 meeting might includes a discussion on methodologies for fusarium crown rot screening. Currently, Kim Campbell inoculates the seed with a treatment of conidia and evaluates plants using three systems; a seedling screen at 3-4 wks in small cone-tainers, a terrace bed system for mature plant reaction and a field screen. QTLs for crown rot resistance were found from the variety Sunco, from Australia. JianLiChen, Univ. Idaho described a major goal to improve drought tolerance and seedling establishment by selecting for coleoptile length and root growth. For example, Vida, Hank, McNeal have short coleoptiles while Jerome, Lassik, Alpowa have longer coleoptiles. Dave Hole, Utah has incorporated dwarf bunt resistance to Bt 8,9, and 10 in a new release, Curlew. Blaire Goates assisted in the screening. Bob Zemetra, University Idaho is looking at the virus diseases, BYDV and WSMV in wheat, disrupting virus replication utilizing coat proteins and RNA silencing. Mike Flowers, Oregon Extension Cereal Agronomist discussed the changing model of Extension and incorporating the role of a crop consultant. It was astutely noted that growers and scientists are 99% good at knocking down a variety and 1% effective at complementing the variety performance. Jim Peterson, Oregon Wheat Breeder presented a brief overview on the recent Oregon releases, Goetze, Tubbs and Skiles. The TriState License Entity has provided equipment support to the wheat program through the royalty stream generated by recent OR releases. Meeting was adjourned at noon, May 28.

Members of the WERA-97 and NCERA-184 committees on small grain diseases are coordinating national preparations for the possible incursion a new race of stem rust (Ug99). A workshop was held in July of 2008 that brought together plant pathologists from the multi-state committees with specialists from the USDA-ARS, USDA-APHIS and key stakeholder groups. The outcome of this workshop identified critical needs in the preparation for Ug99 including national level publications and possible areas of enhanced surveillance. In 2009, the committees launched a coordinated effort to develop these needed extension publications, and proposed enhancements to the monitoring effort. The first of the publications, focused on the identification of the stem rust and differentiation from other cereal rust diseases is scheduled for printing in December of 2009, and will be distributed to 29 states. These efforts are funded the USDA-CSREES EIPM and Critical Issues grants to the multi-state committees. 2010 Meeting Site Selection / Joint meetings. WERA-97 participants decided to meet jointly with the Western Wheat Workers at Montana State University in Bozeman in 2010. This joint meeting continues a long tradition of cooperative interaction with the Western Wheat Workers, which is composed largely of breeders and production system scientists. Maintaining communication among small grain scientists in different geographic regions of the country and disciplines is considered critical for cooperative research, as well as among established individuals and those in the early stages of their careers. Revision of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases. A team of five wheat pathologists (most of who belong to WERA-97 or NCERA-184) and one entomologist was assembled in 2005 to coordinate revision of the Compendium of Wheat Diseases published by APS Press. The completed manuscript was submitted in late 2006 to APS Press. The edited manuscript was received, revised, and resubmitted; it is currently in press. Revision of the List of Common Names of Wheat Diseases was submitted for publication in January 2008 and is in review. This collaborative effort between NCERA-184 and WERA-97 is a significant accomplishment since it has been 19 years since the last edition was published. Summary. WERA-97 continues to fulfill the objectives of communicating and coordinating research activities among its members, which is largely composed of public sector scientists but also includes regular participation by members of the private sector. Discussions at this annual meeting help inform its participants of potential new problems, and new approaches to the control of long-established problems.

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