Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Executive Committee Gary Stutte, Chair Alex Turkewitsch, Vice Chair Jonathan Frantz, Secretary Erik Runkle, Past Chair Brief Summary of Annual Meeting Complete meeting minutes are available at http://ncr101.montana.edu/meetings_past.htm Opening: Gary Stutte and Bruce Bugbee made opening remarks and thanked the organizing efforts of Bruce Bugbee, Mark Blonquist, Alec Hay, and April Hay for this years meeting. Announcements: Conferences of interest to the group are GreenSys 2009 on June 14th through 19th, 2009 in Quebec City, Quebec, Canada. http://wwwgreensys2009.com/; the ISHS Light in Horticulture conference to be held November 15th to 19th, 2009 in Tsukuba, Japan. http://www.lightsym2009.jp/; The Association of Educators and Research Greenhouse Curators (AERGC) conference on July, 20 to 23, 2009 at Duke University. Graduate Student Poster Competition: The NCERA-101 2009 competition had five participants and was won this year by Jongyun Kim of The University of Georgia. Approval of 2008 Minutes: Alex Turkewitsch presented the Minutes of the 2008 business meeting in Cocoa Beach, FL. The minutes are available on the USDA website http://ncr101.montana.edu/minutes/2008/2008_NCERA-101_Meeting_minutes.pdf Membership Report: Mark Romer presented the Membership Report (see meeting minutes for complete report. Highlights include an all-time high of 145 members representing a total of 100 institutions from 8 different countries and 29 States. Long-term members Gerry Dietzer and Desmond Mortley will be recognized as 20-year members and our Administrative Advisor Ramesh Kanwar will be recognized with the Significant Contributor award. Bruce Bugbee and Mark Romer worked on drafting a Letter of Invitation to use when recruiting new USDA representatives. Effort over the next year will help improve and streamline the process. Website Report: Mark Romer gave a Website Report; he thanked ongoing efforts of Tracy Dougher to maintain the website, and reported that updating member institution contact information is nearly complete. There will be an effort to consolidate annual meeting information, including international meetings, onto the single, Montana State University server. Email/Electronic Discussion Group: Mark Romer reported that the Google group site was launched in a limited capacity, and described the capabilities of the site to have user-defined preferences. Discussion centered on values of moderated vs. non-moderated sites, topics to post, and membership. Post-conference note: NCERA-101 membership was invited to join the discussion group, which is currently a moderated cite with about a half-dozen moderators. Administrative Advisors Report: Ramesh Kanwar presented the report. Thinking globally, he asked where is the NCERA-101 group going? There is stimulus money going to NSF, NIH, and DOE. All of last years proposals that were turned down due to lack of funds stand a good chance of funding this year. Short (2-3 years) time frame for projects is encouraged. Technology/sensor development is an area of emphasis for these projects. Some stimulus money is being given to the states for shovel-ready projects (about $100 to $150 million). New greenhouse projects that have been delayed are possible with this money. Challenge: how to move forward? Where should science and technologies go? Form a small group within this NCERA-101 group to meet with NSF heads. (USDA can come up with travel money to DC) to guide direction of national programs. For reporting, minutes are due 60 days post-meeting. Statements of accomplishments and impact statements are also expected, and he presented two handouts on writing impact statements: ask who cares, so what, what is new, and how does this impact the broader society? On impact statements, be inclusive with your cooperators because the project is easier to sell when there are outcomes. For the 2012 International Meeting, he remined the membership that NSF has a program for 10 travel grants ($2500 each) for a meeting (international). USDA has been able to co-sponsor up to $10,000 for graduate student travel grants ($500 each). Finally, he recommended we view budget cuts as how can we get better? CSREES Administrative Report: Dan Schmoldt presented report, to be changed to the National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA) report due to administrative transition. Fiscal Year 2009 appropriation was about 3.3% higher than FY 08; Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) was about 5.6% higher over FY 08. Mandatory programs grew significantly due to the 08 Farm Bill. The transition from CSREES to NIFA was stimulated by the 2008 Farm Bill. The goal of the transition is to raise the profile of Agricultural Research. There will be a presidential appointment to head NIFA. He summarized by saying the transition should not affect users, reminded us to volunteer for review panels, which will provide direct input to what gets funded/should get funded, and when responding to a Request For Application (RFA), respond directly to application criteria. Instrument Package Report: Bruce Bugbee reported there were three users this year that generated $900 in income. The final account balance is about $1,000. It was pointed out that when meeting surpluses occur, the balance could be transferred to the instrumentation account. Last years surplus had a large surplus. Now, that balance (held by Utah State Ag Experiment Station) is about $12,000. This is because the committee does not have an account for itself. This issue will be raised later in the meeting under new business for more complete discussion. Discussion: Ted Tibbitts pointed out that the inclusion of the instrument package poster on the website was made, which has good descriptions of the packages. Bruce wondered if the package would get more use if the cost was cheaper. The group showed little interest in this. Utah State is now set up to take credit cards, but the cost to the instrument package is $25/month plus 3% of the transaction fee. The bill-to is Utah State University and additional notes can be added (instrument package, for example) to the invoice. International Committee on Controlled Environment Guidelines: AJ Both reported that the tissue culture brochure was handed out at Cocoa Beach, posted on the website, and more copies were distributed to member stations. A large poster is available for meetings. Our colleagues in England published a paper on these guidelines. Next focus is on guidelines for greenhouse reporting, and will be discussed at GreenSys 2009. Growth Chamber Handbook Translation: Erik Runkle reported that a letter to Miguel Gimenez Moolhuijzen, a member of the UK CEUG from Spain, will be written that allows translation, request specifics of what he wants from us, but state that NCERA-101 is not an active participant in the translation. New Business Committee Officers: The nominating committee (the executive committee) nominated Marc van Iersel for incoming secretary. No other nominations were voiced; Erik Runkle motioned to accept the nomination, Cary Mitchell seconded, and the appointment passed unanimously. Surplus Meeting Funds: Gary Stutte began and led discussion on surplus meeting funds. Briefly, at the 2008 international meeting, sponsorships were up, attendance grew more than expected, and they received some unexpected price breaks on hosting, resulting in a nearly ~$14,000 surplus. Some has been used for executive committee-approved items, yet there is still between $11,000 and $11,300 in a corporate account at Dynamac, which is a for-profit company. It was decided to transfer this to the NCERA-101 instrumentation account at Utah State University. Remaining discussion centered on use of the money including buffering future domestic meetings, travel grants for graduate students, subsidizing lower rates for instrument package, and international travel support. There will be an annual financial report on how the surplus is spent. Future meetings: 2010  Bob Morrow of ORBITEC and Peter Vanderveer of Univ of Wisconsin to host. Meeting will be March 20 to 23 on Univ of Wisconsin , Madison , WI. 2011- Iowa State will not be ready to host, but maybe in 2013. Michigan State is a possibility for 2011 (Erik Runkle as host). Mark Romer reported on the idea of having industry host the meeting. Every industry member he polled informally agreed that it was a great idea. This year, Apogee is a partial host, as was 2008 when Dynamac helped host. Ramesh Kanwar stated we should not be concerned about the perception of peddling influence through hosting. Mark Romer updated the group on his discussions with the UK-CEUG who have offered to host the next international meeting in Cambridge, England scheduled for Sept 9 to 12, 2012 with post conference tours in East Anglia and Cambridge University. The meeting will follow the format of 2001 with a proposal to hold 8 sessions with 20 invited speakers, individual poster contributions, and trade exhibitions. Lynton Incoll is soliciting feedback on potential session themes. Briefly, these suggestions could include 1) revisiting topics covered during the 2001 sessions, 2) updating relevant topics using a review format (changes since 2001), 3) updating the growth chamber handbook, 4) selecting new topics and suggestions. John Lea-Cox suggested food safety as a possible topic to include with the technology behind detection and monitoring. Station Reports: After a vote, electronic station reports are only required as of next year, not written reports. Adjourned: Meeting adjourned at 9:12 AM. Transfer of Chairmanship: The gavel was passed from Gary Stutte to Alex Turkewitsch. Minutes prepared by Jonathan Frantz, Secretary, April 17th, 2009.

NCERA 101 Accomplishments (Complete station reports can be viewed at http://ncr101.montana.edu/station_reports.htm#2008) Agritechnove continues to actively design, construct, and complete research greenhouses around the US and Canada. The National Arboretum greenhouse complex in Washington, D.C. was recently completed, and a greenhouse/ headhouse was built and opened at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Construction began at Bayer CropSciences High-Containment and Low-Containment Research Greenhouses in Saskatoon, and on a small BSL-3 greenhouse at U of Florida. Construction continues at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology in Saudi Arabia, with about 75% of the construction completed. Finally, the design phase has completed in the construction of a new greenhouse complex at the Sugarcane Research Facility for USDA-ARS in Houma, LA. The University of Alaska researchers quickly disseminate information from research studies as research is conducted, field tested and implemented in commercial production through the partnership with Chena Hot Springs Resort. Opportunity to view practical applications stimulates interest and encourages Alaskans to develop greenhouse projects for production and education. Tours are given daily at Chena Hot Springs Resort. Suitable techniques for northern production are also demonstrated in the greenhouse at Pikes Waterfront Lodge, a local hotel and restaurant establishment. Open to the public, daily formal and self-guided tours illustrate commonly used techniques to local and visiting individuals and groups during the summer months. A minimum of 50 daily visitors toured Pikes greenhouse throughout the summer months. The University of Arizona launched new projects of re-evaluating values of farred lighting in plant production. End-of-day farred treatment, a well-known plant photomorphological response, was demonstrated in tomato rootstock seedling to control the height of grafting union. Anther project examines efficacy of farred supplemental lighting in enhancing biomass production of baby leaf lettuce. Results obtained from both experiments addressed the need of pure and low-cost farred light source (using LEDs) for horticultural applications. A project was completed on low temperature storage of grafted cantaloupe seedlings, and found the optimum storage temperature (12 °C) for cantaloupe seedlings grafted on interspecific squash rootstock. It was also found that the cold tolerance of squash rootstock helped cantaloupe scion survive longer in suboptimal temperature environments. The ISHS International Workshop on Greenhouse Environmental Control and Crop Production in Semi-Arid Regions (October 20-24, 2008) was successfully organized for 160 participants from 22 countries. Conference proceedings was published (Acta Horticulturae 797) and distributed to the participants on site. The University of Arkansas report that the energy demands of growing pollen tubes cannot be met under heat stress due to decreased source leaf activity, and a calcium-augmented antioxidant response in heat-stressed pistils that interferes with enzymatic superoxide production needed for normal pollen tube growth. Results support their hypothesis that high temperature stress during reproductive development is a leading cause of decreased cotton yields in Arkansas. These studies have led to ongoing investigations of the use of the anti-ethylene compound 1-methylcyclopropene to ameliorate the detrimental effects of high temperature stress during the early stages of flowering. Duke University researchers have developed an imaging system, Versatile Imager for Positron Emitting Radiotracers (VIPER), to investigate the impact of elevated levels of atmospheric CO2 on carbon and nitrogen dynamics in plants using 11C as a radiotracer. University of Guelph researchers have developed four organic growing substrates and successfully used these substrates for producing organic tomatoes in greenhouse environment. They also developed a system that includes organic growing substrates for organic vegetable transplant production. They have developed an automated irrigation system prototype using soil moisture sensor and wireless technologies, which is useful for research or commercial plant production in controlled environment. The higher plant chamber for the MELiSSA Pilot Plant was shipped and installed in Spain (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona), one of our European collaborators. The University of Florida researchers have demonstrated that long-day bedding plants can be produced outdoors in south Florida for early spring sales by February with night-interruption lighting. This strategy will enable the growers to utilize the early spring market to sell flowering plants, increasing their annual revenue by up to 15%. Kennedy Space Center researchers completed experiments to increase the bioprotective value of red leaf lettuce grown under LEDs under conditions that were relevant to long duration space missions without increases in volume, power or mass inputs. Another set of experiments in collaboration with the University of Guelph was completed to study the effects of reduced pressure on the growth, development, and secondary metabolite levels in two cvs. of lettuce. A series of experiments was initiated to demonstrate sustained production of lettuce and radish in prototype Salad machine modules in order to identify issues associated with plant production on a lunar base. Two prototype plant growth units VEGGIE and BPSe developed by ORBITEC are being used for these experiments. The Solid State Lighting Module (SSLM) was fully characterized as well as three other commercial off the shelf luminaires for: photopic luminous flux, scotopic luminous flux, color rendering index, correlated color temperature, total radiant power, radiant efficiency, luminous efficacy, color coordinates in four different color spaces, color gamut area, power spectral distribution, light distribution profile, photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), and phytochrome photostationary state. McGill University researchers are studying the impact of LED lighting systems on post harvest handling. Our previous research in collaboration with the University of Tennessee used a lighting system that produced wavelength of 730, 640, 525, 440, and 400 nm. Maximum accumulation (fresh mass) of chlorophyll a and b and lutein occurred at the wavelength of 640 nm, whereas b-carotene accumulation peaked under the 440-nm treatment. Management of irradiance and wavelength may hold promise to maximize nutritional potential of vegetable crops grown in controlled environments. Michigan State University researchers determined the efficacy of compact fluorescent lamps relative to incandescent lamps to inhibit flowering of short-day plants and promote flowering of long-day plants grown in greenhouses at either the end of a 9-hour natural photoperiod or during the middle of the night. In some crops, flowering was similar under the lamps types but in petunia, flowering was delayed when long days were delivered by compact fluorescent lamps. In 2008, Michigan State University updated a greenhouse energy conservation and production efficiency website (www.hrt.msu.edu/Energy/Notebook.htm). Articles on greenhouse light management, temperature and scheduling, energy-saving technologies, alternative fuels, and energy grant and loan opportunities are available to commercial greenhouse growers. The Ohio State University/USDA-ARS, Toledo developed Virtual Grower software to allow a user to easily build, in software, a greenhouse that closely matched their facility so that energy simulations could be run conveniently. By controlling CO2 to 500 ppm, a commercial grower could reduce temperature by 3 °F and save 10% of his typical energy use, and lowered the carbon use of his production by 60%. A rapid whole canopy photosynthesis measurement system has been developed to address the concerns and limitations of currently available CO2 gas exchange chambers. A review article was published summarizing factors affecting photosynthesis measurement accuracy using open type whole canopy photosynthesis measurement systems. ORBITEC researchers have begun testing solid state greenhouse supplemental lighting systems. These are bar type LED arrays that allow sunlight to pass through. The arrays provide about 200-250µmol/m2/s of lighting at the plant canopy. The current arrays use only red (627nm) LEDs, but we are fabricating additional test prototypes that will have both red and blue (450nm) LEDs. ORBITEC is continuing to investigate tobacco productivity in controlled environments. This work is being done in preparation for eventual production of industrial proteins using genetically modified plants. Purdue University researchers performed greenhouse studies using rice ('Nipponbare') to optimize growing methods. This research identified the best root medium as calcined clay granules (Profile Greens"), with a fertilizer regimen of 15-5-15 fertilizer at 200 ppm N, twice per week in 4-inch pots. Experiments with Sumagic" on Bt corn demonstrated that 0.5 to 1 ppm of this growth regulator could reduce height without a negative impact on plant yield. Ornamentals research at Purdue University has focused on increasing the use of sensors and control systems in greenhouse horticultural production. The results of this research reduces the energy needed for successful crop production by increasing the efficiency of automation and supplemental lighting and reducing the temperatures needed for certain stages of crop growth. Rutgers University researchers conducted growth chamber experiments using LED lamps as the sole light source for tomato growth and development. Despite the increasing unevenness in wavelength uniformity as the canopy increased in height, tomato fruit developed and ripened normally. A new landfill gas fired 250 kW microturbine was installed at the NJ EcoComplex greenhouse facility. The system generates electricity and heat for the 1-acre greenhouse facility. Excess electricity is sold back to the local utility grid. Texas A&M University showed that lettuce can be grown under hypobaria (~25% of normal earth ambient total pressure), however, hypobaria caused no significant reduction of endogenous ethylene production. Hypoxia decreased the CO2 compensation point and decreased the CO2 saturation point of ambient pressure plants. While low light reduced the CO2 saturation point, it increased the CO2 compensation point, compared with high light plants. The results show that hypobaric conditions of 25 kPa do not adversely affect gas exchange compared to ambient pressure plants, and may be advantageous during hypoxia stress. The University of Wisconsin-Biotron researchers found that photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) influenced the outcome of the interaction of soybean and the fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. University of Wisconsin Biotron has found out that replacing the T12 high output 1500 mA fluorescent lamps in the control environment plant rooms with T8HO lamps will save approximate 55% in electricity. An added advantage is the T8 lamps typically last twice as long as the T12 lamps. The T8 lamps fit into the same socket but would require new electronic ballasts, yet provide about the same light quality and quantity for plant growth. The University of Wisconsin-Madison began a cooperative project with ORBITEC on the growth of plants under LED lighting in the greenhouse. A new 1340 square meter (bench space) greenhouse with computer-controlled temperature and lighting capabilities was built. A growth chamber from Environmental Growth Chambers was also brought online. USDA-ARS Beltsville, MD researchers conducted four SPAR chamber experiments with potato and corn using sand culture in order to quantify responses to potassium (K), nitrogen (N), CO2 enrichment, or temperature. K stress in corn and potato were not observed at any CO2 level. The main goal of these SPAR studies was to improve crop models developed for the purpose of studying agricultural management options. Leaf area data from several SPAR chamber experiments, with water stress as the treatment, were used to validate the routines. Researchers studied the ability of important species to adapt to potential increases in CO2 and changes in air temperature. Studies with Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea evaluated the acclimation of net photosynthetic rate to temperature. Larger changes in the temperature dependencies of leaf level photosynthetic parameters were observed in Brassica as compared with Arabidopsis, indicating more capacity to acclimate photosynthetically to changes in growth temperature. A study with rice showed that the effect of CO2 enrichment on nitrogen (N) uptake capacity in roots depended on developmental stage and generally resulted in decreased nitrate and ammonium uptake during mid- and later-reproductive stages. Response, particularly floral sterility, of wild and cultivated rice lines to CO2 and temperature were studied in growth chambers to evaluate adaption to CO2 and climate extremes. Experiments were conducted to evaluate CO2 and/or temperature effects on biochemical constituents in important plant species. Growth chamber studies to determine if CO2 and/or temperature modifies concentration of secondary defensive compounds (e.g. nicotine) as a function of the C:N of the compound in tea, coffee, and Artemisia were conducted. The experiment tested the hypothesis that the concentration of compounds with higher N content would decrease with increasing CO2. Glutamine concentrations were decreased 70% in barley primary leaves that developed leaf yellowing in response to high light and high carbon dioxide levels. Elevated carbon dioxide and a mutation within NADH-dependent nitrate reductase decreased glutamine levels in vegetative stage barley leaves. (Yang, Chun, Fleisher, Timlin, Reddy, Bunce, Shimono, Ziska, Sicher).

NCERA 101 Member Publications In addition to their efforts The NCERA 101 group had a minimum of 125 reports either published or accepted for publication since the last meeting. The following publication list of NCERA 101 contributors compiled for station reports and does not include publications from non-reporting stations. 1. Arevalo, L.S., Oosterhuis, D.M., Coker, D. and Brown, R.S. 2008. Physiological response of cotton to high night temperature. Amer. J. Plant Sci. And Biotechnol. 2:63-68. 2. Arquiza, J. M. R. A., J. B. Hunter, R.C. Morrow and R.W. Remiker. Modeling and simulation of the drying of cabin solid waste in long-term space missions. SAE Technical Paper Series Paper No. 2008-01-2194. 3. Bamsey, M., Dixon, M., Graham, T., Berinstain, A., Vuk, T.R., Stasiak, M., Scott, A. 2009. Canadian advanced life support capacities and future directions. Advances in Space Research (In Press), doi: 10.1016/j.asr.2009.03.024. 4. Bhaskar, P.B., Raasch, J.A., Kramer, L.C., Neumann, P., Wielgus, S.M., Austin-Phillips, S., and Jiang, J. 2008. Sgt1, but not Rar1, is essential for the RB-mediated broad-spectrum resistance to potato late blight. BMC Plant Biol. 8: 8. 5. Halterman, D.A., Kramer, L.C., Wielgus, S., and Jiang, J. 2008. Performance of transgenic potato containing the late blight resistance gene RB. Plant Dis. 92: 339-343. 6. Bibi, A.B., Oosterhuis, D.M., Gonias, E.D. 2008. Photosynthesis, quantum yield of photosystem II and membrane leakage as affected by high temperatures in cotton genotypes J. Cotton Science. 12:150-159. 7. Bibi, A.B., Oosterhuis, D.M., Gonias, E.D. 2008. Changes in the antioxidant activity of cotton genotypes during high temperature stress. Life Sciences International Journal 2:621-627. 8. Blanchard, M., E. Runkle, and J. Frantz. 2008. Responses to temperature and light. Greenhouse Grower. 26:1-7. 9. Blanchard, M., R. Lopez, and E. Runkle. 2008. Getting results with a liner dip. Greenhouse Grower 26(13):68-74. 10. Blanchard, M.G. and E.S. Runkle. 2008. Benzyladenine promotes flowering in Doritaenopsis and Phalaenopsis orchids. J. Plant Growth Regul. 27:141-150. 11. Blanchard, M.G. and E.S. Runkle. 2008. Container opacity and media components influence rooting of potted Phalaenopsis and Doritaenopsis orchids. Acta Hort. 788:115-120. 12. Blanchard, M.G. and E.S. Runkle. 2008. Increasing stem elongation and bract size of poinsettia Freedom Red with gibberellins and benzyladenine. Acta Hort. 774:209-215. 13. Blanchard, M.G. and E.S. Runkle. 2008. Temperature and pseudobulb size influence flowering of Odontioda orchids. HortScience 43:1404-1409. 14. Blank, R.R., T.A. Morgan, L.H. Ziska, and R.H. White. 2008. Effect of atmosphere CO2 levels on nutrients in cheatgrass tissue. USDA-FS, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 15. Both, A.J. 2009. Greenhouse energy conservation and efficiency (Abstract). Proceedings of the Annual NJ Vegetable Growers' Association Meeting. January 13-15. Atlantic City, NY. pp. 76-78. 16. Both, A.J. and D.R. Mears. 2008. Building and maintaining greenhouses for energy savings. In Horticulture: Principles and Practices, 4th ed. by G. Acquaah; included in Chapter 12 Controlled-Environment Horticulture. Prentice Hall, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ. pp. 406-417. 17. Both, A.J. and T. Manning. Solar and wind energy for greenhouses. OFA Bulletin No. 910. September/October 2008. pp. 1, 6-7. 18. Both, A.J. Energy efficiency: Learning to conserve. Greenhouse Grower 25th Anniversary Issue. December 2008. pp. 56, 58. 19. Both, A.J. 2008. Maintain ventilation equipment before warm weather starts. Greenhouse Management and Production (GMPro). April issue. pp. 21-24. 20. Bourget, C.M. 2009. An introduction to lighting emitting diodes. HortScience 43:1944-1946. 21. Brantner J. R., Windels, C. E., and Omer M. 2008. Verticillium wilt on sugar beet following potatoes in eastern North Dakota. Plant Health Progress doi:10.1094/PHP-2008-1212-01-BROnline 22. Buck, J.S., C. Kubota, and M. Jensen. 2008. Effect of mid-day reduction of high electrical conductivity treatment on the yield and quality of greenhouse cherry tomato. HortTechnology 18:460-466. 23. Bunce, J.A. 2008. Acclimation of photosynthesis to temperature in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea. Photosynthetica, 46: 517-524. 24. Cayanan D, Llewellyn J, Dixon M and Zheng Y. 2009. Response of container-grown nursery plants to chlorine used to disinfect irrigation water. HortScience. 44 (1): 164-167. 25. Cayanan D, Zhang P, Liu W, Dixon M and Zheng Y. 2009. Efficacy of Using Chlorine in Controlling Five Common Plant Diseases in Irrigation Water. HortScience. 44 (1): 157-163. 26. Cayanan D.F., Zheng Y, Chong C, Zhang P, Graham T, Llewellyn J and Dixon M. 2008. Overhead irrigation with chlorinated water on five container-grown nursery species. HortScience 43:1882-1887. 27. Cayanan DF, Dixon M and Zheng Y. 2008. Development of an automated irrigation system using wireless technology and root zone environment sensors. Acta Horticulturae 797: 167-171. 28. Dinneny, J.R., T.A. Long, J.Y. Wang, J.W, Jung, D. Mace, S. Pointer, C. Barron, S.M. Brady, J. Schiefelbein and P.N. Benfey. 2008. Cell identity mediates the response of Arabidopsis roots to abiotic stress. Science 320:942-945. 29. Drysdale, A., T. Nakamura, N. Yorio, J. Sager, and R. Wheeler. 2008. Use of sunlight for plant lighting in a bioregenerative life support system--Equivalent system mass calculations. Adv. Space Res. 42:1929-1943. 30. Eubanks, M.W. and D. Richter. 2008. Enhancing nitrogen use effiency in corn through intragression of low N tolerance from Eastern Gamagrass. Invited NSF Session No.699. Celebrating the International Year of Planet Earth. Ecological Society of America, American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Madison, WI. p.232. 31. Fleisher, D.H., D.J. Timlin, and V.R. Reddy. 2008. Interactive effects of carbon dioxide and water stress on potato canopy growth and development. Agron. J., 100: 711-719. 32. Fleisher, D.H., D.J. Timlin, and V.R. Reddy. 2008. Elevated carbon dioxide and water stress effects on potato gas exchange, water use, and productivity. Agr. and Forest Met., 148: 1109-1122. 33. Frantz, J.M., J.C. Locke, L. Datnoff, M. Omer, A. Widrig, D. Sturtz, L. Horst, C.R. Krause. 2008. Detection, distribution, and quantification of silicon in floricultural crops utilizing three distinct analytical methods. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Analysis. 39:2734-2751. 34. Giacomelli, G.A., 2009. Engineering principles impacting high tunnel environments. HortTechnology 19:1-4. 35. Gonias, E. D., Oosterhuis, D.M. and Bibi, A.C. 2008. Estimating light interception by the cotton crop using a digital imaging technique. pp. 175-177. CD-ROM Proc. Beltwide Cotton Conferences. Nashville, TN., Jan 8-11, 2008. National Cotton Council of America, Memphis, TN. 36. Graham, T, Zheng Y, Zhang P, Dixon D. 2009. Phytotoxicity of Aqueous Ozone Irrigation Solutions on Five Economically Significant Perennial Nursery Species. HortScience (In press). 37. He, C., F. T. Davies, and R. E. Lacey. 2009. Ethylene reduces gas exchange and growth of lettuce plants under hypobaric and normal atmospheric conditions." Physiologia Plantarum 135(3): 258-71. 38. Huber J, Zheng Y and Dixon M. 2009. Hydroponic cucumber production using a new recyclable growth substrate and irrigation system. Acta Horticulturea (In Press). 39. Kacira, M., S. Sase, A. Ikeguchi, M. Ishii, G. Giacomelli, N. Sabeh. 2008. Effect of Vent Configuration and wind speed on three-dimensional temperature distributions in a naturally ventilated multi-span greenhouse by wind tunnel experiments. Acta Horticulturae, 801: 393-400. 40. Karlsson, M. and J. Werner. 2009. High tunnel covering materials for northern field production. Acta Horticulturae (in press). 41. Karlsson, M. and J. Werner. 2009. Hydroponic greenhouse lettuce production in subarctic conditions using geothermal heat and power. Acta Horticulturae (in press). 42. Karlsson, M. and J.W. Werner. 2009. Snap bean yield and photosynthesis during twilight extended field conditions. HortScience 44: (in press). 43. Karlsson, M. and J.W. Werner. 2008. Early day length sensitivity in sunflower. HortScience 43:1262-1262. 44. Kiser, M.R., C.D. Reid, A.S. Crowell and C.R. Howell. 2008. Exploring the transport of plant metabolites. HFSP Journal 2: 189-204. 45. Kubota, C. 2008. Use of grafted seedlings for vegetable production in North America. Acta Horticulturae 770:21-28. 46. Kubota, C., M.A. McClure, N. Kokalis-Burelle, M.G. Bausher, and E.N. Rosskopf. 2008. Vegetable grafting: history, use, and current technology status in North America. HortScience. 43:1664-1669. 47. Kubota, C. and M. Kacira. 2008. Proceedings of the international workshop on greenhouse environmental control and crop production in semi-arid regions. Acta Horticulturae 797. 48. Lan, Y. B., Zheng, X. Z., Westbrook, J. K., Lopez, J., Lacey, R. & Hoffmann, W. C. 2008. Identification of stink bugs using an electronic nose. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 5, 172-180. 49. Lan, Y., H. Zhang, R. Lacey, W.C. Hoffmann, W. Wu. Development of an integrated sensor and instrumentation system for measuring crop conditions. 2009. The Agricultural Engineering International CIGR Ejournal Manuscript IT-08 1115. Vol. XI: 1-16. April. 50. Lefsrud, M., D. Kopsell, C. Sams, J. Wills, and A.J. Both. 2008. Dry matter content and stability of carotenoids in kale and spinach during drying. HortScience 43(6):1731-1736. 51. Lefsrud, M.G., D.A. Kopsell, C.E. Sams. 2008. Wavelengths from adjustable light-emitting diodes affect secondary metabolites in kale. HortScience 43(7):2243-2244 Lefsrud, M.G., D.A. Kopsell, J. Wills Jr., C. Sams, and A.J. Both. 2008. Dry matter content and stability of carotenoids in kale and spinach during drying. HortScience 43(6):1731-1736. 52. Levine, L.H., H. Kasahara, J. Kopka, A. Erban, I. Fehrl, F. Kaplan, W. Zhao, R.C. Littell, C. Guy, R. Wheeler, J. Sager, A. Mills, and H.G. Levine. 2008. Physiologic and metabolic responses of wheat seedlings to elevated and super-elevated carbon dioxide. Adv. Space Res. 42:1917-1928. 53. Levine, L.H., P.A. Bisbee, T.A. Richards, M.N. Birmele, R.L. Prior, M. Perchonok, M. Dixon, N.C. Yorio, G.W. Stutte, and R.M. Wheeler. 2008. Quality characteristics of radish grown under reduced atmospheric pressure. Adv. Space Res. 41:754-762. 54. Li, J., S. Leisner, J.M. Frantz. 2008. Alleviation of copper toxicity in Arabidopsis thaliana by silicon addition to hydroponic solutions. J. Amer. Soc. Hort Sci. 133:670-677. 55. Ling, P. P. 2008. Cutting a Greenhouse Heating Bill. Ohio Country Journal. February. 56. Loka, D.A. and D.M. Oosterhuis. 2008. Effect of high night temperatures on respiration, energy balance and carbohydrates. pp. 142-146. CD-ROM Proc. 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