Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Day 1 The meeting was called to order at 1:07 p.m. on March 3, 2010 John Kaminski welcomed us to the meeting, and complimented Bruce Clark for the excellent job done in preparing the annual report. A slate of officers was offered: Chair: John Kaminsik Vice Chair: Albrecht Koppenhöfer Secretary: Frank Wong (elected at this meeting) Outgoing Chair: Richard Cowles Administrative Advisor: Rich Rhodes Administrative Liaison: Rick Meyer A motion to accept the slate was offered and seconded, and approved by unanimous vote. State reports: The meeting then proceeded to state reports, summaries of which are given below. New York: Peck presented an overview of his program's research on annual bluegrass (ABW) ecology, in particular the scope of studies on overwintering behavior, directional movement and population fluctuations that are leading to the development of a degree day model for the prediction of insect phenology. An initial degree day model has been developed based on data collected over three years from two sites in western NY. This is being further strengthened and validated based on the collection of spring generation population and temperature data over two years from eight sites over a wider geographic region of the state. Definitive analyses have not yet been finalized. Frank Rossi was unable to attend. California: Wong presented his studies on efficacy of fungicides vs. anthracnose basal rot (ABR) including data on the effect of various products based on nutrients and their combinations. - DMI fungicides like propiconazole (Banner MAXX), triticonazole (Trinity or Triton), and metconazole (Tourney) appear to be very effective in 2009 field trials. Some summer injury caused by triticonazole and metconazole occurred in the trial, consistent with observations from other researchers. - Nitrogen and phosphite comabinations appear to be effective for disease reduction. - Pigmented fosetyl-Al tank mixes appear to continue to give good control of the disease. Canada: Hsiang was unable to attend. Wong presented Hsiang's report on sequencing of the Colletotrichum cereale genome, on which progress has been limited. An attempt to do a rapid sequencing of the C. cereale genome based on a C. graminicola template was not successful on the first attempt. A DNA library was constructed from C. cereale, and sequencing performed. But It appeared that there was not sufficient similarity between the C. graminicola genome and C. cereale genome to successfully assemble the C. cereale sequences together. Connecticut: Cowles presented his studies on the efficacy vs. pyrethroid-resistant ABW populations of various insecticides and their combinations with potential synergists that are supposed to interfere with the detoxification of the active ingredients in the resistant ABW. Overall, he found little benefits in the combinations relative to the use of a mostly still effective insecticide (spinosad). -Inguagiato announced that funding has been obtained from the NERTF to initiate a new study to guide nitrogen fertilization applications for managing anthracnose. Foliar nitrate levels will be related to anthracnose incidence and severity in annual bluegrass putting green turf. Nitrate will be assessed in the field with an instant output, hand-held device. Results from this study will provide a technique and a recommended range of foliar nitrate that superintendents can utilize to manage N fertilization on putting greens to reduce anthracnose. Massachusetts: Vittum gave an overview on research conducted including involvement in the tracking of ABW seasonal development (WeevilTrak) on several golf courses in 2009 and the planned expansion in 2010 and her studies on the field efficacy of ABW insecticides, in particular larvicides. Decosta was not able to attend. Maryland: Peter Dernoeden and Paula Shrewsbury were unable to attend. Michigan: Joe Vargas was unable to attend. Minnesota: Vera Krischik was unable to attend. New Hampshire: Swier gave an overview on his research on ABW seasonal development (WeevilTrak) and ABW insecticide field efficacy. New Jersey: Murphy presented data on the effect of topdressing, mowing, fertility, irrigation, and plant growth regulators on ABR incidence. Koppenhöfer gave an overview on ABW studies on the field efficacy of insecticides and entomopathogenic nematodes against pyrethroid-susceptible aBW populations, ABW larvae extraction methods, fine scale larval distribution, and behavioral studies. He stated that presently used nematode product do not provide reliable ABW control, especially at very high ABW densities. Clarke presented data on the effect of fungicides on ABR. Bonos was unable to attend but Clarke presented for her data on the ABR incidence in creeping bentgrass variety trials with ranged in ratings from 8.7 to 1.8 (max. = 9). Crouch was unable to attend but Clarke presented her data on the development of molecular markers for C. cereale. The meeting adjourned at 5:02 pm. Day 2 The meeting was called to order at 8:10 am by Kaminski and continued with the state reports. North Carolina: Lane Tredway was unable to attend. Rhode Island: Alm gave an overview about his students (Darryl Ramoutar) completed studies on incidence/distribution of ABW pyrethroid resistance, mechanisms responsible for the resistance (detoxification), and use of synergists to disable the detoxification systems in resistant ABW. Pennsylvania: Landschoot gave an overview about fungicide testing vs. ABR. Kaminski gave a overview about fungicide test vs. ABR. USGA: Zontek gave an overview of observations of USGA agronomists in the field. He concluded that ABR incidence had significantly decreased in the field and attributed this in large part to the successful implementation of ABR BMPs by the project members. In contrary, ABW is still an expanding problem with many superintendents spraying insecticides up to every 3 weeks with no real monitoring of ABW. There are still no reliable management methods/tools for ABW. A discussion ensued about the need to develop clear BMPs. Unfortunately, superintendents listen much more to chemical industry reps than scientists/extension folks despite the obvious bias of the former. To have at least a decent chance to get the end-users to listen we need to respond to peoples enquiries with a unified voice. BMPs for different situations need to be offered, e.g., for different ABW pressures, pyrethroids-resistant vs. susceptible populations. Obviously, people would need to test their ABW populations before being able to correctly select the appropriate BMP. The need for better spread of ABW-resistance kits was discussed, including a better rate of return of results. It was suggested that asking for a fee might increase the subjective value perceived by users which may increase the return rate. Distribution through USGA, e.g., by their agronomists, was suggested, also in combination with a fee. Administrator updates: Rick Rhodes, administrative advisor, was unable to attend the meeting. Industry survey and deployment of extended survey: Kaminski reported on the outcomes of the survey and passed through a hardcopy. It was discussed how the results of the survey should be published. Because the Journal of Extension is very slow (1.5 years) to get papers published it was suggested to use Applied Turfgrass Science. Kaminski and Inguagiato will work on the publication with the help of Cowles and Peck from the entomology side. Kaminski and Inguagiato will also be completing the final version of the extended survey for release to golf course superintendents this spring. They will be working with the GCSAA to determine if this survey can be administered through them. Extra efforts will be made to get completed surveys back from the 284 participants from the original survey to assess changes in management practices prior to the start of the project. Long survey: Murphy proposed employing the expertise of the GCSAA staff to host and conduct an on-line version of the long (second) survey. Questions asked in this survey would need to be provided by the NE-1025 group. Further discussion with GCSAA is needed to determine if this is a feasible option. Best Management Practices: Murphy led the discussion on the development and publication of BMPs. It was agreed that it should not be necessary (at least for now) to have a separate publication on BMPs (such as an extension bulletin) and that Golf Course Management would be a good outlet for BMPs as long as the paper(s) would contain a clear listing of BMPs such as in the form of a table or bullet list at the end of an article. The latter should then also satisfy administrative needs with respect to project output on BMP publications. Due to limited length allowed for GCM articles there was consensus that two separate articles be presented, one for ABR and one for ABW, in preference to one article that integrated recommendations for both pests. However, the two articles should be in the same format and written in parallel fashion as much as possible. At this point, BMPs, at least for ABW are not defined, yet, so that development of a unified and comprehensive BMP publication would be premature, anyway. Frank Wong and Rich Cowles volunteered to take the lead on the ABR and ABW articles, respectively. Again, given the limited length of GCM articles, it was found that at first two article, one for ABW and one for ABR, following a similar format as for the previous two articles in GCM, should be published. More detailed descriptions of the findings could then be published in series of additional follow-up articles Renewal / extension of NE-1025 Project As the original 5-year period of the project ends on September 30, 2010, and there is consensus in the group on the need for the continuation of our research, we have two options. First, submit a request for a new project which would leave us with a short period of having no project. Second, request a 1-year extension, and follow that up with a request for a new project. The general consensus of the group is to pursue the second option. The extension of the project is due asap within the week of March 8, 2010, and will be spearheaded by Koppenhöfer and Wong. The proposal for a new project will be due by November 2010. Reasons and needs for an extension were discussed and summarized: a. Still need to gather results of impact survey to determine the impacts of the projects and needs of the stakeholder. b. It has taken this long to gather the information and we need the extension to finalize the best management practices for the stakeholder. c. To develop a final draft of our ongoing and continuously updated BMPs, survey information is still being gathered and should be integrated into the BMP documents. Survey information was developed based on ongoing collection of data in the research. d. Revolution in chemistry and discovery of resistance for ABW during the project has taken this amount of time to get our handle on the scope of the problem which has driven the project in the last four years. Frank Wong was elected new secretary of the project for the 2010 meeting and will serve as Vice-Chair for the 2010-2011 year. The scope of a new project was discussed. On the ABW side, it was obvious that there was still a lot of work to be finished; due to the greater progress on the ABR side, it was not so clear how to continue on this side of the project and some more discussion will be necessary. There was a consensus for the expansion of the project from just looking further into the management of ABW and ABR to also include management (i.e., reduction) of the host, annual bluegrass. Reduction of the host density would require the participation of weed scientists and would also open a whole new perspective on the management of the pests: i.e., at sufficiently low annual bluegrass densities, ABW (ABR?) could actually be maintained as a biological control agent of the weed annual bluegrass. Next meeting Assuming a successful 1-year extension of the current project, the group then discussed the scheduling of the next meeting, which will be held in early 2011 at Rutgers University. Kaminski agreed to put together a Doodle online survey to find the best time for the group. Miscellaneous -Everyone was reminded to keep in mind the impact reporting that will be needed. These impacts need to be quantitative estimates of how we have changed superintendents' practices. -There was a reminder that the minutes and the Annual Technical Reports will be due 60 days from the meeting. -We discussed the problem of non-participants in our project: people that 'signed on' but have showed no signs of contributing. The meeting was adjourned at 11:42 pm.

A. Filling critical gaps in understanding pest biology Annual bluegrass weevil component

• Overwintered adult ABW populations colonize fairways and move within randomly entering from the edges and deposited eggs over several weeks.
• No effect of host species on adult or larval distribution was observed.
• The prevalence of visual damage at the edge of susceptible fairways is not fully explained by insect load, host plant availability or drought stress, but may be linked to thatch accumulation and nitrogen availability.
• As measured by the survival of adult ABW, there is significant variation in host plant suitability across Poa annua accessions.
• The magnitude of injury to Poa annua by adult feeding is greater than previously thought.
• ABW continues to expand its distribution within and across states in the Northeast and mid-Atlantic.

Anthracnose component

• Using Illumina sequenced restriction-associated DNA (RAD) tags, over 20,000 highly variable, multi-allelic SNP loci were identified from Colletotrichum pathogenic to grasses, blueberry and cranberry hosts. Approximately 4,000 of the loci were mapped back to the C. graminicola reference genome, allowing SNPs to be developed into high-density molecular markers for population studies.
• An attempt was made to obtain the full genome sequence of C. cereale was made using a Illumina Solexa approach and using the recently completed C. gramincola sequence as a template. Four terabytes of sequence data was obtained from the C. cereale genome (30-fold coverage of 36bp reads), but it was found that the genomes of C. gramincola and C. cereale were divergent enough such that a complete assembly of the C. cereale genome was not possible. This suggest that other sequencing approaches are needed and reinforces that C. cereale is a distinct species.

Anthracnose and ABW components

• Results from the user survey for anthracnose were compiled - key findings include:
  -Anthracnose is a widespread disease; influencing management of putting greens from the Mid-Atlantic throughout the Northern U.S. and Canada.
  -The total cost of managing anthracnose on putting green turf is approximately $5,100 to $28,000 per year based on superintendent responses on the cost of fungicides and labor.
  -Eighty-four percent of superintendents aware of anthracnose research found information generated by NE-1025 scientists helpful in reducing the disease.
  -The Northeast (CT, MA, NH, ME, NY, VT and RI) had the greatest occurrence of ABW damage on golf courses, followed by the Mid-Atlantic states. Reports of damage were low in other parts of the United States and Canada.
  -On average, courses affected by ABW, spend an estimated $5,000 to $9,000 per year to control the pest, with greater expenditures likely in the Northeastern U.S., where this insect is more prevalent.
  -For superintendents aware of ABW research, 71% found information generated by NE-1025 scientists helpful in reducing damage.

B. Find new control options for annual bluegrass pests
Annual bluegrass weevil component

• In field tests against the spring generation of ABW, preventive applications provided 60-100% control for chlorantraniliprole, 50-88% for indoxacarb, and 60-100% for bifenthrin, and 96% for a combination of clothianidin and bifenthrin.
• Curative applications provided 75-88% for indoxacarb, 98% reduction for trichlorfon, 85% for spinosad, 88% for a combination of clothianidin and bifenthrin
• Combinations of preventively applied chlorantraniliprole and curatively applied indoxacarb provided 88-100%for control.
• The demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide propiconazole and gibberellin inhibitor plant growth regulators are able to synergize bifenthrin through blocking P450 enzymes. The effect, however, is not significant enough to make these combinations practical for controlling pyrethroid resistant ABW populations.
• Combining DMI fungicides with indoxacarb could be counterproductive because this insecticide requires activation by esterase enzymes, which may also be inhibited.
• The most consistently effective product to target ABW larvae from pyrethroid-resistant populations appears to be spinosad.

Anthracnose component

• In field trials on putting green turf under severe disease pressure, excellent control (< 10% disease) was provided by chlorothalonil, fludioxonil, iprodione, an isoparaffin mineral oil, metaconazole, propiconazole, triticonazole, and fungicide programs incorporating mixtures or rotations of chlorothalonil, fosetyl-Al, potassium phosphite, propiconazole or triticonazole. Slight to moderate phytotoxicity was observed with the application of metaconazole or triticonazole during hot weather (> 28 C).
• Tank mixes or pre-mixed products containing chlorothalonil or fosetyl-Al with triticonazole or propiconizole provided greater anthracnose control than treatments containing a single active ingredient.
• Field tests examined the efficacy of phosphonate fungicides on anthracnose. Chipco Signature (fosetyl Al) provided some control of anthracnose and performed better than Aliette, another fosetyl Al-containing product. Other phosphonate fungicides were ineffective. In vitro studies revealed no meaningful inhibition of C. cereale with phosphorous acid, confirming that any efficacy obtained with these fungicides is not due to direct inhibition of the causal agent.
• DMI fungicides were effective against anthracnose and should continue to be integrated into control programs. Injury due to phytotoxicity could be a problem for some some new DMI-fungicides such as triticonazole and metconazole when applied in mid-summer.
• The effect of cumulative, low rate soluble-N fertilization on anthracnose applied during the summer was studied on ABG greens. Turf receiving the greatest total N quantity (58.8 kg/ha) over 12 wks had the least anthracnose. A negative linear response of cumulative N to anthracnose severity was observed. Treatments initiated prior to disease development resulted in greater total N accumulation and reduced anthracnose severity compared to N treatments started at disease inception. The lowest disease severity was observed on plots treated with N at 9.8 kg/ha/wk; however, anthracnose intensified at the higher N rates tested (19.6 and 24.5 kg/ha/wk). Disease severity was reduced when granular N was applied during the spring compared to autumn. Generally, greater N rates applied by granular fertilization reduced disease severity compared to lower N rates. Soluble-N rates applied during the summer interacted with granular N rate in the spring.
• Sand topdressing reduced disease severity but did so more effectively and consistently in summer rather than spring. Lower topdressing rates initially increased disease when applied at the onset of symptoms, while greater rates either had no effect or reduced disease severity. Topdressing applied on a biweekly basis was more likely to reduce disease severity than the single applications made after the initiation of disease.
• Verticutting (3 mm depth) and scarifying (6 mm depth) produced the greatest mechanical damage and increased anthracnose severity.
• 250 half-sib bentgrass progeny were screened in the field for anthracnose resistance, the best performing plants with high seed yield potential moved to crossing blocks, and seed from those blocks planted in the field (fall 2009) for further evaluation.
• Completed one year of a multi-year field experiment and conducted three other field efforts focused on mower type, mower set-up, frequency of clip, and turfgrass fertility and mowing interactions.

C. IPM decision tools for pests of annual bluegrass
Annual bluegrass weevil component
No new results and activities to report. Anthracnose component No new results and activities to report. D. Best management practices for annual bluegrass The final version of the best management practices for anthracnose and ABW is being written based on the results from NE-1025 participants. Publication is expected in 2011.

Full-length Scientific Journal Articles Bonos, S.A., E.N. Weibel, T.J. Lawson and B.B. Clarke. 2009. Tolerance of Creeping Bentgrass Cultivars and Selections to Anthracnose in New Jersey. Online. App. Turf Sci. DOI:10.1094/ATS-2009-0806-01-BR. Cook, P.J., P.J. Landschoot, and M.J. Schlossberg. 2009. Suppression of anthracnose basal rot symptoms and improved putting green quality with phosphonate fungicides. International Turfgrass Society Research Journal (11) 181-194. Cook, P.J., P.J. Landschoot, and M.J. Schlossberg. 2009. Inhibition of Pythium spp. and suppression of Pythium blight of turfgrasses with phosphonate fungicides. Plant Disease (93) 809-814. Crouch, JA and Beirn, LA. 2009. Anthracnose of cereals and grasses. Fungal Diversity 39:19-44. Crouch, J.A., L.A. Beirn, L.M. Cortese, S.A. Bonos, and B.B. Clarke. 2009. Anthracnose disease of switchgrass caused by the novel fungal species Colletotrichum navitas. Mycological Res 113:1411-1421. Crouch, J.A., B.B. Clarke, and B.I. Hillman. 2009. What is the value of ITS sequence data in Colletotrichum systematics and species diagnosis? A case study using the falcate-spored graminicolous Colletotrichum group. Mycologia 101:648-656 (available on-line; DOI: 10.3852/08-231). Crouch, J.A., B.B. Clarke, J.F. White, and B.I. Hillman. 2009. Systematic analysis of the falcate-spored graminicolous Colletotrichum and a description of six new species from warm season grasses. Mycologia 101:717-732 (available on-line; DOI: 10.3852/08-230). Crouch, JA, and Inguagiato, JC. 2009. First report of anthracnose disease of ornamental feather reed grass caused by Colletotrichum cereale. Golf Course Mgmt 77:86-87. Crouch, J.A., L.P. Treadway, B.B. Clarke, and B.I. Hillman. 2009. Phylogenetic and population genetic divergence correspond with habitat for the pathogen Colletotrichum cereale and allied taxa across diverse grass communities. Molecular Ecology 18:123-135. Fidanza, M.A., J.E. Kaminski, M. Agnew, and D. Shepard. 2009. Evaluation of water droplet size and water carrier volume on fungicide performance for anthracnose control on annual bluegrass. Int. Turfgrass Res. Soc. J. 11:195-205. Heller, P.R., D. Kline, and A. Houseman. 2009. Application timing study to evaluate Provaunt to suppress first generation annual bluegrass weevil, 2008. Arthropod Management Tests (34) G7. Heller, P.R., D. Kline, and A. Houseman. 2009. Creative study to evaluate Conserve, Dylox, and Provaunt to suppress first generation annual bluegrass weevil larvae, 2008. Arthropod Management Tests (34) G8. Heller, P.R., D. Kline, and A. Houseman. 2009. Preventive timing study to evaluate the effectiveness of Acelepryn, Provaunt, Talstar, and experimental formulations to suppress first generation annual bluegrass weevil, 2008. Arthropod Management Tests (34) G9. Heller, P.R., D. Kline, and A. Houseman. 2009. Preventive application of formulations to suppress first generation annual bluegrass weevil, 2008. Arthropod Management Tests (34) G10. Hyde, KD, Cai, L, Cannon, PF, Crouch, JA, Crous, PW, Damm, U, Goodwin, PH, Chen, H, Johnston, PR, Jones, EBG, Lui, ZY, McKenzie, EHC, Moriwaki, J, Noireung, P, Pennycook, SR, Pfenning, LH, Phoulivong, S, Prihastuti, H, Sato, T, Shivas, RG, Taylor, PWJ, Tan, YP, Weir, BS, Yang, YL, and Zhang, JZ. 2009. Colletotrichum: Names in current use. Fungal Diversity 39:147-183. Inguagiato, J.C., J.A. Murphy, and B.B. Clarke. 2010. Anthracnose development on annual bluegrass affected by seedhead and vegetative growth regulators. Applied Turf Sci.: Submitted 1/10/10. Inguagiato, J.C., J.A. Murphy, and B.B. Clarke. 2009. Anthracnose disease and annual bluegrass putting green performance affected by mowing practices and lightweight rolling. Crop Sci.49: 1454-1462 Inguagiato, J.C., J.A. Murphy, and B.B. Clarke. 2009. Anthracnose of annual bluegrass putting green turf influenced by trinexapac-ethyl application interval and rate. J. Int.Turf Soc. 11: 207-218 McGraw B.A., Koppenhofer A.M. 2009. Binomial sequential sampling plans for forecasting Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larval damage to golf course turfgrass. J. Econ. Entomol. 102: 1325-1335. McGraw B.A., Koppenhofer A.M. 2009. Population dynamics and interactions between endemic entomopathogenic nematodes and annual bluegrass weevil populations in golf course turfgrass. Appl. Soil Ecol. 41: 77-89. Ramoutar, Darryl, Steven R. Alm and Richard S. Cowles. 2009. Pyrethroid resistance in populations of Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from southern New England golf courses. J. Econ. Entomol. 102: 388-392. Ramoutar, Darryl, Richard S. Cowles and Steven R. Alm. 2009. Pyrethroid resistance mediated by enzyme detoxification in Listronotus maculicollis Kirby, (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Connecticut. J. Econ. Entomol. 102: 1203-1208. Ramoutar, Darryl, Ana I. Legrand and Steven R. Alm. 2010. Field performance of Metarhizium anisopliae against Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae in turfgrass. J. Entomol. Sci. 45: 1-7. Soika, M., and Tredway, L.P. 2010. Control of anthracnose and dollar spot on a creeping bentgrass green, 2009. Plant Disease Management Reports 4:T025. Trade Journal Articles Crouch, JA, and Inguagiato, JC. 2009. First report of anthracnose disease of ornamental feather reed grass caused by Colletotrichum cereale. Golf Course Mgmt 77:86-87. Inguagiato, J.C., J. A. Murphy, and B. B. Clarke. 2009. Mowing and rolling strategies to manage anthracnose on annual bluegrass greens. Golf Course Mgmt 77: 111-116. Inguagiato, J., J. A. Murphy, B. B. Clarke, and J. Roberts. 2009. Effect of topdressing on anthracnose in Poa annua. Golf Course Mgmt 77(12):94 Koppenhofer A.M. 2009. Integrated management of important turfgrass insect pests in New Jersey. Clippings & Green World 72, Spring 2009, 6-7. McGraw B.A., Koppenhofer A.M. 2009. Biological and biorational management options for the annual bluegrass weevil on golf courses. In: 2008 Turfgrass and Environmental Research Summary, (J.L. Nus, Ed.), p.4. USGA Green Section, Far Hills, NJ. McGraw B.A., Koppenhofer A.M. 2009. Exploring biocontrol of annual bluegrass weevil. USGA Green Section Record. 47 (2), 11-13. Murphy, J., F. Wong, L. Tredway, J. A. Crouch, J. Inguagiato, B. Clarke, et al. 2009. Best management practices for anthracnose on annual bluegrass turf. The Dogwood (The newsletter of the British Columbia GCSA) Fall 2009:36-45 Roberts, J., B.B. Clarke and J.A. Murphy. 2009. Effect of irrigation management on anthracnose of Poa annua greens. Golf Course Mgmt 77(7):103 Young, JR, Tomaso-Peterson, M, and Crouch, JA. 2009. First report of Colletotrichum cereale causing anthracnose foliar blight of creeping bentgrass in Mississippi and Alabama. Golf Course Mgmt 77:88. Abstracts Crouch, JA, and Inguagiato, JC. 2009. First report of anthracnose disease of ornamental feather reed grass (Calamagrostis x acutifolia 'Karl Foerster') caused by Colletotrichum cereale. Plant Disease 93: 203 (Referred extended abstract). Koppenhofer A.M. 2009. Spatio-temporal nematode-host interactions in turfgrass. Program and Abstract, 42nd Ann. Meet. Soc. Invertebr. Pathol., Park City, UT, p.100. Roberts, J.A., J.C. Inguagiato, B.B. Clarke, and J.A. Murphy. 2009. Effects of foot traffic and sand topdressing on anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass putting green turf. Phytopathology 99 (6):S109 Roberts, J.A., J.C. Inguagiato, B.B. Clarke, and J. A. Murphy. 2009. Influence of irrigation quantity on anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass. Phytopathology 99 (6):S195. Roberts, J.A.. J.C. Inguagiato, J.A. Murphy, and B.B. Clarke. 2009. Sand topdressing and foot traffic effects on anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass putting green turf. 2009 International Meeting of ASA-CSSA-SSSA Proceedings. p. 104 Roberts, J.A., J.A. Murphy, and B.B. Clarke. 2009. Anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass putting green turf as affected by summer soluble N-fertilization. 2009 International Meeting of ASA-CSSA-SSSA Proceedings. p.102. Proceedings Clarke, B. B., P. R. Majumdar, M. Peacos, J. P. Chung Yew, A. Burnett, S. Gunasekera, D. Fitzgerald, T. J. Lawson, J. Roberts, K. E. Clarke, A. Pitonak, W. K. Dickson, J. B. Clark, and J. Inguagiato. 2009. Preventive control of anthracnose with selected fungicides and biorational products on an annual bluegrass putting green, 2008. Pages 249-265 in: Rutgers Turfgrass Proceedings 2008. A. B. Gould, ed. Center for Turfgrass Science and the New Jersey Turfgrass Association, New Brunswick, N. J. Vol. 40. Crouch, J., B. B. Clarke, and B. I. Hillman. 2009. Does movement of Colletotrichum cereale from natural grasses and cereal crops promote turfgrass anthracnose disease? Pg. 40 in: Proc. 18th Annual Rutgers Turfgrass Symp. B. B. Clarke and B. Fitzgerald, eds. Center for Turfgrass Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Crouch, J., L. Cortese, L. A. Beirn, S. A. Bonos, and B. B. Clarke. 2009. Characterization of anthracnose disease of switchgrass (Panicum virgatim) caused by a novel species of the fungus Colletotrichum. Pg. 38-39 in: Proc. 18th Annual Rutgers Turfgrass Symp. B. B. Clarke and B. Fitzgerald, eds. Center for Turfgrass Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ Inguagiato, J. C., J. A. Murphy, B. B. Clarke, and J. A. Roberts. 2009. Topdressing incorporation and sand particle shape effects on anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass. Pg. 44 in: Proc. 18th Annual Rutgers Turfgrass Symp. B. B. Clarke and B. Fitzgerald, eds. Center for Turfgrass Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. McGraw B.A., Koppenhofer A.M. 2009. Effect of endemic and released entomopathogenic nematodes on annual bluegrass weevil populations in golf course fairways. Pg.48 in: Proc. 18th Ann. Rutgers Turfgrass Symp. B. B. Clarke and B. Fitzgerald, eds. Center for Turfgrass Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. Roberts, J. A., J. C. Inguagiato, B. B. Clarke, and J. A. Murphy. 2009. Recent advances in determining the influence of cultural practices on anthracnose disease of annual bluegrass putting green turf. Pg. 29-30 in: Proc. 18th Annual Rutgers Turfgrass Symp. B. B. Clarke and B. Fitzgerald, eds. Center for Turfgrass Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ. Roberts, J.A., J.A. Murphy, and B.B. Clarke. 2010. Effect of soluble-N fertilization on anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass turf. Proc. European Turfgrass Soc Intern. Conf., 2nd. Angers  France. 11-13 April 2010. http://www.turfgrasssociety.eu. In Press (Refereed) Wong, F. P. Chemical Control of Anthracnose in Southern California, Summer 2009. UCR Turf and Landscape Field Day Proceedings. September 17, 2009 Dissertations: Inguagiato, J.C. 2009. Anthracnose severity influenced by cultural management of annual bluegrass putting green turf. New Brunswick: Rutgers University, 228 pp. [Doctoral dissertation]. Roberts, J. A. 2009. Impact of Cultural Management on Anthracnose Severity of Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf. New Brunswick: Rutgers University, 161 pp. [Masters thesis].