Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Executive committee met at 5:00 pm on Sunday, 22 February 2009 to appoint a committee to solicit nominations for local arrangements chair and secretary. Registration began at 8:00 am on Monday, 23 February 2009. General meeting began at 8:30 am. Jeff Davis (Local Arrangements and Secretary) and Matt ONeal (Chair) welcomed everyone and made announcements. Sign-up sheet was passed around. Administrative Advisor Dave Boethel greeted us and discussed importance of the S1039 group, past and future. Dr. Boethel started by giving us an overview of the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center; its mission, directives and research stations. He encouraged S1039 to use the new reporting format. Dr. Boethel finished by reminding us to apply for the Multi-State Project Award and to focus on the outcomes to federal partners and cost savings to producers. Next, CSREES Representative Rick Meyer discussed the changes occurring to CSREES (now NIFA) and to NRI (now AFRI). Many programs will require a 1 to 1 of matching funds but may be waived for 406 Programs, CAR, Methyl-bromide, etc. In grant writing, members should focus on promoting outcomes and impacts. Matt ONeal began a discussion of the new reporting format he initiated and discussion of reporting accomplishments, outcomes and impacts. Kelly Tilmon discussed how they changed their reporting formats. Opposition to the new format as sent by email was noted. Jeff Davis proposed using the new format but adding, as an option, the old format at the end of each state report. S1039 decided to continue to use the new format with modifications. Suggestions were made to share state reports, publications, and talks by a website. Rick Meyer suggested using the S1039 site itself. Jeff Davis is exploring these options. The next agenda item addressed was the preservation and funding of the Aphid Suction Trap Network. Dave Voegtlin led this discussion. There is currently no funding for this network. Questions asked were the network worth maintaining, how to pay for the network, and how long could it be maintained with the current staff (1 graduate student and summer interns). S1039 members all agreed that the network is worth having. Discussion then continued on the usefulness of the network. Doug Johnson uses the information extensively and receives funding from his growers for the maintenance of this trap. Suggestions were made to support the trapping network by providing $1000 to $2000 per trap. Jeff Davis led a discussion on the recent soybean breeders meeting. He reported that he had attended the meeting. Breeders are interested in incorporating host plant resistance to soybean aphid but all other insect problems are not as critical. We discussed encouraging soybean breeders to attend the S1039 meeting in the future, especially those involved in insect host plant resistance, and a possibility of holding a future meeting in conjunction with their meetings. In addition, the possibility of a symposium on soybean host plant resistance at the 2009 ESA National Meeting was proposed. Kelly Tilmon is taking the lead on organizing this. Next, Ron Hammond discussed the APHIS Soybean Commodity Survey. This survey monitors for potential invasive soybean pests in soybean fields. Chris DiFonzo then led a discussion on the new labels for fungicides that relate to plant health or vigor, for instance, the supplemental label for Headline which protects against hail. Doug Johnson mentioned that this is occurring only fungicides but insecticides as well. Reporting objectives by insect began. Soybean aphid was first. Jeff Davis gave the report from LA. Soybean aphid has not been found in LA. However, cotton aphid was found colonizing soybean throughout the state (identified by Dave Voegtlin) and reaching hundreds per plant. Life table and EPG studies were conducted with cotton aphid on soybean. Dave Hogg gave the report from WI. WI is conducting research on soybean cyst nematode and soybean aphid interactions. Alate aphid behavior affected by soybean cyst nematode infections. Failure of Rag1 is occurring with the WI soybean aphid biotype. Dowling and Jackson fail as well. Studying if methyl salicylate will attract natural enemies in soybean. John Reese gave the KS report. KS is studying how soybean aphid biotypes are overcoming soybean aphid resistance genes. Collaborating with NE on this work as well. Meeting was adjourned at 12:00 pm for lunch. Lunch was provided by Syngenta Crop Protection. Meeting resumed at 1:00 pm with Chris DiFonzo giving the MI report. Soybean grower survey was conducted this year asking questions about using the soybean aphid threshold. Discussed work on soybean aphid resistance. Dave Voegtlin gave the IL report. Discussed soybean aphid on winter hosts. Soybean aphid overcoming Rag1 and Rag2. Kim Hoelmer gave the USDA-ARS Beneficial Insects Lab report. Discussed the new foreign exploration of natural enemies for soybean aphid in Asia. Tom Hunt gave the NE report. Focusing soybean aphid resistance on tolerance. Warrior is not controlling soybean aphid in 2008. Andy Michel gave the OH report. Using seven polymorphic molecular markers to identify genetic differences between soybean aphids throughout the Mid-West. No significant differences found. Tracey Baute gave the OMAFRA report. Low soybean aphid populations last year. Rag1 will have commercial release in Canada this year. Matt ONeal gave the IA report. Erin Hodgson hired by Iowa State (70% extension/30% research). Discussed natural enemy work in relationship to soybean aphid and modeling aphid emigration. Wayne Bailey gave the MO report. Soybean aphid still being found on horsenettle. Kelly Tilmon gave the SD report. Rag1 soybean aphid resistant plants had upwards of 500 soybean aphids per plant, with resistance breaking down. Natural enemy numbers increased dramatically in 2008. Compared how aphids on resistant plants respond to susceptible plants and how aphids on susceptible plants respond to resistant plants. David Ragsdale gave the report from MN. Soybean aphid yield loss the same in different row spacing. Janet Knodel gave the ND report. One foliar spray at threshold provides season long control against soybean aphid in ND. Most significant beneficials in ND soybean are Nabids. Meeting was adjourned for the day. General meeting resumed at 8:30 am on 24 February 2009. Nominations were made for Secretary. Brian McCornack was elected Secretary for the 2010 meeting. Jeff Davis will move to Chair. Nominations were made for Local Arrangements Chair. Fred Musser was elected Local Arrangements Chair. Meeting will be held in Biloxi, MS or Tunica Falls, MS in 2010. Meeting will be February 21 to 23, 2010. Members will arrive the 21 February. Meeting will be held for two full days instead of one and a half days. Members will leave the evening of the 23 February 2010. Reporting objectives by insect continued, focusing on stink bugs. Josh Temple gave the LA report. Redbanded stink bug is the most common species found in soybean in LA. Redbanded stink bug is much harder to control with current insecticides compared to other stink bug species. Kathy Kamminga gave the report from VA. Stink bug thresholds (1 per row ft) were re-evaluated in VA, MD, and DE. No damage found at this threshold. Suggestions were to increase numbers to evaluate thresholds. Fred Musser gave the MS report. Reported on consultant survey. Stink bugs were treated in 50% of MS soybean fields. Reporting objectives by insect continued, focusing on bean leaf beetle. Fred Musser gave the MS report. Bean leaf beetles becoming highly resistant to pyrethroids in MS. Reporting objectives by insect continued, focusing on Dectes stem borer. Kelly Tindall gave MO report. Dectes infesting many soybean fields. Research focusing on all aspects of life history. Larry Buschman gave KS report. Survey conducted over last 25 years. Dectes infestations are rising. Conducted study on yield response to Dectes with and without insecticide seed treatments. Overall, 8 bu/a increase with seed treatment. Screening for host plant resistance. PI165673 appears to have antibiosis as effective as fipronil. Brian McCornack (KS) gave a report on the cooling point studies he is conducting on Dectes. Don Cook gave the MS report. Conducted fipronil seed treatment study. Reporting objectives by insect continued, focusing on corn earworm. Kathy Kamminga gave the VA report. Corn earworm has become the most important soybean pest in VA. She discussed the importance of monitoring for pyrethroid resistance. Reporting objectives by insect continued, focusing on threecornered alfalfa hopper. Ishakh Pulakkatu Thodi gave MS report. Conducting research to determine yield loss from threecornered alfalfa hopper at different R stages. Meeting was adjourned at 12:00 pm.

Characterize insect-soybean interactions and their impact on plant growth, grain quality, and yield. Sub-objective 1a. Establish or modify thresholds of important regional pests to account for maturity group, planting systems, plant age, and natural enemy populations. Soybean aphid economic thresholds for row spacing less than 30 inches were redefined. To measure adoption of IPM practices for soybean aphid, a full-length survey instrument was mailed in early 2008 to randomly-selected growers on soybean commodity lists in Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The effect of southern green stink bug feeding on soybeans during the R7 stage was conducted in MS. Studies were conducted in DE, MD, and VA to re-evaluate the threshold of 1 stink bug/row ft for the green stink bug and the brown stink bug. Studies were conducted in LA to determine thresholds for redbanded stink bug. Studies were conducted to determine spatial movement and field colonization of stink bugs in insecticide treated and untreated fields in LA. Insecticide trials were conducted in LA to determine at what reproductive stage redbanded stink bug control can be terminated at. A survey was conducted to determine stink bug species composition in MG IV, V, and VI soybeans in LA. Late-season impact of threecornered alfalfa hopper on soybeans was evaluated in LA and MS. Studies on green bean syndrome (plants remain green and dont senesce) in GA soybeans indicate that planting date, pod injury, and drought all contribute to green bean syndrome symptoms. Studies on green bean syndrome in LA indicate that variety, stink bug damage, fungicides, drought, and glyphosate all contribute to green bean syndrome symptoms. Experiments were conducted in TX to determine if redbanded stink bug is responsible for causing flat pod syndrome. Conducted a preliminary study to examine the relationship between densities of Japanese beetles and soybean yield. Sub-objective 1b. Characterize the unique relationships between insect pests and organic/ specialty beans. Determined the impact of soybean aphids, soybean cyst nematode, and brown stem rot, alone and in combination, on yield and composition of commodity and low linolenic varieties. Determined the susceptibility of low-linolenic soybean varieties to soybean aphids, soybean cyst nematode and brown stem rot. Determined whether soybean leaf fatty acid levels can be used to predict differences in soybean grain composition. Edamame was shown to be efficiently produced in southern GA utilizing most of the soybean culture that is currently being recommended. When edamame is planted from mid- April to mid-May, insect-induced crop injury caused by stink bugs and caterpillars is reduced compared to a June planted crop. Experiments were conducted for to compare soybean aphid, leafhopper and natural enemy populations within conventional and organic soybean and alfalfa cropping systems. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of methyl salicylate as an organic attractant for natural enemies in soybean fields. Sub-objective 1c. Understand the movement of pest Lepidoptera as it relates to pest management Pyrethroid resistance monitoring of the corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) continued in LA, MS, VA, Sub-objective 1d. Maintain the North central regional aphid suction trap network. Suction trap monitoring to assess aphid migration continued through the fall of 2008 in 42 Midwestern locations. Conducted a weekly survey for soybean aphids in 26 commercial soybean fields in north-central and northwestern Illinois from mid-June through mid-September to correlate in-field, in-season densities of soybean aphids with captures of winged soybean aphids in suction traps. Objective 2. Develop and validate tactics for management of key soybean insects. Sub-objective 2a. Efficacy of seed treatments and foliar insecticides for key soybean insects. Field trials to evaluate efficacy of foliar and seed applied insecticide against bean leaf beetle were conducted in LA, KS, MS, and NE. Insecticide evaluation programs were conducted to evaluate what products offered the most consistent control of soybean aphids and if soybean aphids should be treated when they exceed the economic threshold on late stage soybeans (R6-stage). An assay was developed to expose aphids to insecticides, classifying aphids as walking, poisoned or dead. Field trials to evaluate efficacy of foliar and seed applied insecticide against soybean aphid were conducted in IA, IL, KS, MN, NE, ND, and WI. Field trials to evaluate efficacy of seed applied insecticide against Dectes stem borer were conducted in KS and KY. Field trials to evaluate efficacy of foliar and seed applied insecticides against stink bug species were conducted in LA, MS, TX, and VA. Laboratory insecticide bioassays were conducted in LA to determine efficacy of current products labeled for use in soybean on redbanded stink bug. Field trials to evaluate efficacy of foliar and seed applied insecticides against threecornered alfalfa hopper were conducted in LA, and MS. Field trials to evaluate efficacy of foliar applied insecticides against corn earworm were conducted in VA. Conducted an efficacy trial to compare foliar-applied insecticides for control of Japanese beetles in soybeans in IL. Sub-objective 2b. Enhance biological control of soybean aphid, using both conservation of natural enemies and classical biological control releases. Release/monitoring program for the soybean aphid parasitoid, Binodoxys communis was expanded. Released B. communis in soybeans and buckthorn under varying densities of aphids. Field studies were conducted on the interaction between natural enemies and resistant varieties for soybean aphid suppression. The effects of reconstructed tall grass prairie and surrounding landscapes dominated by corn-soybean production on soybean aphid and natural enemy communities were evaluated. The effects of buffer zones in organic production on soybean aphid and natural enemy communities were evaluated. Foreign exploration of soybean aphid biological control in Asia and host range evaluation of candidate natural enemies in quarantine laboratories was conducted. Sub-objective 2c. Screen, characterize, and incorporate host plant resistance to soybean aphid and other key insects. Soybean lines from North Central working group breeding programs were screened for soybean aphid resistance in the field and greenhouse. This included an intensive "second tier" field screening of one or two select lines from 2007 first-tier screening to determine yield benefits of tolerance vs. antibiosis Six soybean lines were screened for Dectes stem borer resistance. Twenty-eight soybean breeding lines (including the Hutcheson and Dillon cultivars) were screened for stink bug and lepidopteran resistance in GA, LA, and TX. Transgenic soybean lines expressing cry1A from Bacillus thuringiensis were examined for the suppression of naturally occurring population densities of lepidopteran pests. Conducted a research trial to investigate soybean aphid biotypes among different soybean lines. Conducted trials to determine plant-mediated interspecific interactions between soybean aphids and soybean cyst nematodes.

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