SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: WERA_OLD89 : Potato Virus Disease Control
- Period Covered: 01/01/2002 to 01/01/2003
- Date of Report: 02/03/2003
- Annual Meeting Dates: 04/04/2002 to 04/05/2002
Participants
Alvarez, Juan M.-University of Idaho; Batchelor, Dallas-Lamb-Weston, Inc.; Berger, Phil-University of Idaho; Brown, Chuck-USDA-ARS, Prosser, WA; Charkowski, Amy-University of Wisconsin; Corsini, Dennis-USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, ID; Crosslin, Jim-Washington State University; Davidson, Robert-Colorado State University; Franc, Gary-University of Wyoming; Gray, Stewart-Cornell University; Gutbrod, Oscar-Oregon State University; Guzman, Pablo-California Dept. Food and Agriculture; Hamm, Phil-Oregon State University; Hane, Dan-Oregon State University; Henderson, Bob-Oregon State University; Jaeger, Joy-Oregon State University; James, Steve-Oregon State University; Johnson, Dennis-Washington State University; Malik, Ved-USDA-APHIS; Marquadt, Steve-North Dakota State Seed Department; Nolte, Phil-University of Idaho; Piche, Lisa-North Dakota State University; Ragsdale, Dave-University of Minnesota; Sather, Kent-Colorado State University; Shiel, Pat-University of Idaho; Singh, Rudra-Agriculture Canada; Sun, Mike-Montana State University; Whitworth, Jonathan-Idaho Crop Improvement Assoc. (Univ. of Idaho); Zink, Rick-Colorado State University;
Following administrative activities (election of officers for the coming year), there was a presentation from Dr. Singh. The presentation focused on characterization and detection of strains of Potato virus Y (PVY). This was timely and useful, considering recent revelations on the introduction and presence of apparently novel strains into the US. Dr. Shiel then followed, presenting data recently obtained that describe methods that can be used to assist in the differentiation of PVY isolates. Analysis of nucleotide sequence data from the Idaho group was presented by Dr. Berger, showing that 4-5 novel isolates have been introduced into the US. One of these is particularly troublesome, as it is a recombinant virus with an O-like coat protein, but otherwise is NTN. This means that it will not be flagged as an N or NTN type serologically. Detection of new isolates in Oregon and Washington was also discussed by Drs. Hamm and Crosslin.
Dr. Hamm presented data on yield reductions due to PVY in the cultivars Norkotah and Shepody, which typically do not show symptoms. In spite of the extremely mild symptoms in these cultivars, significant yield losses due to PVY can occur. Dr. Nolte reported on similar experiments investigating yield losses associated with Potato virus A (PVA). Dr. Ragsdale presented data on the suppression of spread of PVY and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in seed potato production. There are certain treatments (insecticide, oil sprays, etc.) that may reduce spread of these viruses by their aphid vectors. Aphid population densities and movement dynamics were also discussed.
Dr. Brown reported on work assessing genetic resistance to potyviruses and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV). TRV presents interesting and unusual challenges, and Drs. Brown and Crosslin elaborated. Dr. Alverez discussed preliminary findings on transmission of PLRV from Solanum sarrachoides. Dr. Gray presented data relating to the functions of the PLRV 17 K, 22K, and 50K proteins, particularly as they related to movement of the virus through the aphid and the ability of PLRV to move systemically in potato. He also reported on aphid genetics as it relates to vector efficiency.
In addition to research results reported, there was considerable discussion pertaining to future research and virus disease management needs, including the need for additional antisera, re-examination of the PVYN Management Plant, and recommendations for dealing with strains of PVY new to the US.
Dr. Hamm presented data on yield reductions due to PVY in the cultivars Norkotah and Shepody, which typically do not show symptoms. In spite of the extremely mild symptoms in these cultivars, significant yield losses due to PVY can occur. Dr. Nolte reported on similar experiments investigating yield losses associated with Potato virus A (PVA). Dr. Ragsdale presented data on the suppression of spread of PVY and Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) in seed potato production. There are certain treatments (insecticide, oil sprays, etc.) that may reduce spread of these viruses by their aphid vectors. Aphid population densities and movement dynamics were also discussed.
Dr. Brown reported on work assessing genetic resistance to potyviruses and Tobacco rattle virus (TRV). TRV presents interesting and unusual challenges, and Drs. Brown and Crosslin elaborated. Dr. Alverez discussed preliminary findings on transmission of PLRV from Solanum sarrachoides. Dr. Gray presented data relating to the functions of the PLRV 17 K, 22K, and 50K proteins, particularly as they related to movement of the virus through the aphid and the ability of PLRV to move systemically in potato. He also reported on aphid genetics as it relates to vector efficiency.
In addition to research results reported, there was considerable discussion pertaining to future research and virus disease management needs, including the need for additional antisera, re-examination of the PVYN Management Plant, and recommendations for dealing with strains of PVY new to the US.
Accomplishments
There was considerable discussion of policy as it relates to the PVYN Management Plan, and agreement that the plan should be modified or eliminated. These ideas will be shared with appropriate regulators. A large multidisciplinary grant was submitted to the IFAFS program from several members of the WCC-89. This proposal was well received, but unfortunately not funded. Discussions were held to prepare the proposal for re-submission.
A major focus of this meeting and the focus of many members of the WCC-89 relates to diagnosis of PVY strains. A proposal to ARS (National Potato Council) was discussed at this meeting, and the proposal was subsequently funded, with funds distributed amoong groups in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Improved understanding of the new virus strains present in the US should result from this work, as well as improved diagnostic procedures. In the coming year, results of these studies will be shared with the group as well as in appropriate publications.
An important outcome of the meeting not readily evident in publications or other traditional measures of productivity was the opportunity for open discussion and communication among virus researchers, regulatory officials involved with the Federal government and state officials responsible for enforcing potato seed certification regulations. Ultimately, viral research and regulations that target virus diseases of potato need to consider the impact of each particular virus on the potato industry. Practical approaches for virus detection and regulation must be developed in order to facilitate incorporation of research results into seed potato production programs.
A major focus of this meeting and the focus of many members of the WCC-89 relates to diagnosis of PVY strains. A proposal to ARS (National Potato Council) was discussed at this meeting, and the proposal was subsequently funded, with funds distributed amoong groups in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Improved understanding of the new virus strains present in the US should result from this work, as well as improved diagnostic procedures. In the coming year, results of these studies will be shared with the group as well as in appropriate publications.
An important outcome of the meeting not readily evident in publications or other traditional measures of productivity was the opportunity for open discussion and communication among virus researchers, regulatory officials involved with the Federal government and state officials responsible for enforcing potato seed certification regulations. Ultimately, viral research and regulations that target virus diseases of potato need to consider the impact of each particular virus on the potato industry. Practical approaches for virus detection and regulation must be developed in order to facilitate incorporation of research results into seed potato production programs.
Impacts
Publications
Crosslin, J.M., Hamm, P.B., Eastwell, K.C., Thornton, R.E., Brown, C.R., Corsini, D., Shiel, P.J., and Berger, P.H. 2002. First report of PVYN potyvirus on potatoes in the northwestern United States. Plant Disease 86:1177.