SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: WCC77 : Biology and Control of Winter Annual Grass Weeds in Winter Wheat
- Period Covered: 01/01/2003 to 12/01/2003
- Date of Report: 12/19/2003
- Annual Meeting Dates: 10/30/2003 to 10/30/2003
Participants
Dan Ball, Oregon State University, daniel.ball@oregonstate.edu;Ed Davis, Montana State Univ., edavis@montana.edu;Darrel Hanavan, Colorado Wheat Administrative Committee, dhanavan@uswest.net;Mike Harrington, WAAESD, wdal@lamar.colostate.edu;Drew Lyons, University of Nebraska, dlyon@unlnotes.unl.edu;Case Medlin, Oklahoma State Univ. mcase@okstate.edu;Steven Miller, University of Wyoming, sdmiller@uwyo.edu;Gaylon Morgan, Texas A & M Univ., gmorgan@ag.tamu.edu;Jim Parochetti, , USDA-CSREES, jparochetti@reeusda.gov;Lee Sommers, Colorado State University, lsommers@lamar.colostate.edu;Phil Stahlman, Kansas State University, stahlman@ksu.edu; Phil Westra, Colorado State University, pwestra@lamar.colostate.edu;Tony White, Kansas State University, twhite@oznet.ksu.edu;Ralph Whitesides, Utah State University, ralphw@ext.usu.edu Joe Yenish, Washington State University, yenish@wsu.edu
Jim Parochetti presented a CSREES update. Future of Jointed Goatgrass special project is not certain until final federal appropriations are made. Jim handed out an update for activities in CSREES. The size of NRI grants will increase from $300,000 to $500,000 for the plant science program. This means fewer grants funded, those that are funded are eligible for more funding.
It was suggested that Carol Mallory-Smith be asked to present the new wheat weed research initiative to the research committee at NAWG. Steve Miller suggested Drew Lyon as an alternate. A discussion followed about how to finance the travel. It was suggested that each state could contribute a portion of their technology transfer to fund the travel. It would be necessary for her to give an educational presentation. During a break, Carol was contacted and she agreed to represent WCC-77 at the NAWG to support the new initiative.
Lee Sommers provided an administrative advisor update. There is now a National Information Management and Support System (NIMSS) a database on the web, it is available to provide information for multi-state project and coordinating committee activity. A renewal proposal for WCC-77 project was discussed. For a new proposal we need: a new project number (may request the same number), duration 3-5 years, project title, statement of issue and justification, objectives, expected outcomes and impact. Federal funds from CSREES can only be used for travel to coordinating committees, but regional research projects can get funding for actual research expenses (grad students, equipment, etc.). Proposal deadlines are January 15th and May 15th and are reviewed in March and July, respectively. New projects are initiated in October. The proposal development process using the NIMSS was discussed. All participants must file Appendix E through their Experiment Station Director to renew participation. Mike Harrington, Western Region Executive Director, gave a presentation on efforts to develop impact statements for multi-state projects among Western Experiment Station Directors.
It was agreed that Joe Yenish would act as secretary for 2004. Case Medlin, Oklahoma State University was nominated by Phil Stahlman and seconded by Dan Ball for 2004 chairman. All agreed by voice vote. The next meeting of the WCC-77 will in Denver on November 18, 2004. The motion was seconded by Steve Miller and passed unanimously by voice vote.
Renewal of WCC-77 as a coordinating committee was discussed. It was suggested that the WCC-77 be continued, especially in light of the pending new research initiative. Steve Miller suggested leaving the group as a coordinating committee rather than a regional research project, and structure the new coordinating committee around the new initiative. Steve moved that the group should continue as a coordinating committee. The motion was seconded by Phil Stahlman, and the motion passed by voice vote. If the new Invasive Weeds in Wheat initiative is approved then the coordinating committee (WCC-77) could petition to change to a regional research program, if so desired. The renewal for continuation of the coordinating committee is due by January 15, 2004. A subcommittee was selected by the group to rewrite the project. This committee consists of: Drew Lyon, Gaylon Morgan, Phil Westra, Tony White, and Joe Yenish. All WCC-77 participants will need to petition their respective Experiment Station Directors for membership in the new coordinating committee.
It was moved by Tony White to name the renewal WCC Invasive Weeds in Wheat and it was determined by group discussion to try and keep the number WCC-77. We need a letter of justification to keep the same number.
It was suggested that Carol Mallory-Smith be asked to present the new wheat weed research initiative to the research committee at NAWG. Steve Miller suggested Drew Lyon as an alternate. A discussion followed about how to finance the travel. It was suggested that each state could contribute a portion of their technology transfer to fund the travel. It would be necessary for her to give an educational presentation. During a break, Carol was contacted and she agreed to represent WCC-77 at the NAWG to support the new initiative.
Lee Sommers provided an administrative advisor update. There is now a National Information Management and Support System (NIMSS) a database on the web, it is available to provide information for multi-state project and coordinating committee activity. A renewal proposal for WCC-77 project was discussed. For a new proposal we need: a new project number (may request the same number), duration 3-5 years, project title, statement of issue and justification, objectives, expected outcomes and impact. Federal funds from CSREES can only be used for travel to coordinating committees, but regional research projects can get funding for actual research expenses (grad students, equipment, etc.). Proposal deadlines are January 15th and May 15th and are reviewed in March and July, respectively. New projects are initiated in October. The proposal development process using the NIMSS was discussed. All participants must file Appendix E through their Experiment Station Director to renew participation. Mike Harrington, Western Region Executive Director, gave a presentation on efforts to develop impact statements for multi-state projects among Western Experiment Station Directors.
It was agreed that Joe Yenish would act as secretary for 2004. Case Medlin, Oklahoma State University was nominated by Phil Stahlman and seconded by Dan Ball for 2004 chairman. All agreed by voice vote. The next meeting of the WCC-77 will in Denver on November 18, 2004. The motion was seconded by Steve Miller and passed unanimously by voice vote.
Renewal of WCC-77 as a coordinating committee was discussed. It was suggested that the WCC-77 be continued, especially in light of the pending new research initiative. Steve Miller suggested leaving the group as a coordinating committee rather than a regional research project, and structure the new coordinating committee around the new initiative. Steve moved that the group should continue as a coordinating committee. The motion was seconded by Phil Stahlman, and the motion passed by voice vote. If the new Invasive Weeds in Wheat initiative is approved then the coordinating committee (WCC-77) could petition to change to a regional research program, if so desired. The renewal for continuation of the coordinating committee is due by January 15, 2004. A subcommittee was selected by the group to rewrite the project. This committee consists of: Drew Lyon, Gaylon Morgan, Phil Westra, Tony White, and Joe Yenish. All WCC-77 participants will need to petition their respective Experiment Station Directors for membership in the new coordinating committee.
It was moved by Tony White to name the renewal WCC Invasive Weeds in Wheat and it was determined by group discussion to try and keep the number WCC-77. We need a letter of justification to keep the same number.
Accomplishments
University of Idaho researchers continued to evaluate wild oat control in winter and spring wheat and spring barley with herbicides. Several Idaho projects focused on herbicide-resistant wheat i.e. Clearfield winter wheat including weed control efficacy with imazamox compared to other herbicides, such as sulfosulfuron, MKH6561, MKH6562, flufenacet/metribuzin, clodinafop, etc. - annual bromes, wild oat, , Italian ryegrass; rotational crop studies with imazamox in Clearfield winter wheat - rotational crops will be barley and yellow mustard; pollen flow from Clearfield winter wheat to jointed goatgrass (Cooperatively with Carol Mallory-Smith and Bob Zemetra); and variety tolerance (Cooperatively with Bob Zemetra, Ed Souza, Jim Peterson, Dale Shaner). A cooperative study was initiated on control of rattail fescue in conservation tillage systems with Ball, Yenish, and Mallory-Smith. Idaho also is conducting studies to determine effective of quizalofop, compared to glyphosate on green bridge in conservation tillage systems.
Kansas State University researchers focused on several projects including effect of nitrogen concentration on Beyond herbicide efficacy and crop tolerance in Clearfield wheat; Clearfield wheat tolerance as affected by herbicide and growth stage; Comparison of Beyond rates and adjuvant systems in Clearfield wheat; sequence of sulfonylurea and Beyond herbicide split applications in clearfield wheat; downy brome control as affected by herbicide, UAN concentration, and time of application; fall-applied mixtures of Finesse or Glean with Maverick, Olympus, or Everest; winter annual grass control in Clearfield wheat with Beyond and competitive treatments; simulated herbicide drift in wheat; row crop response to fall- and spring-applied Olympus in wheat in normal crop rotation; integrated management of jointed goatgrass using cultural practices ; Clearfield winter wheat risk; prolonging clearfield technology with certified seed and crop rotation ; and characterization of post-dispersal jointed goatgrass seed predation.
University of Nebraska studies focused on determining best management practices for using Clearfield wheat technology to control jointed goatgrass and minimize the development of imazomox-resistant goatgrass populations. A field study near Sidney, NE evaluated the interaction of various nitrogen fertilizer rates on the efficacy of Beyond herbicide applied in the fall and spring to Clearfield wheat for feral rye control. A study was initiated at four sites in western Nebraska, in cooperation with Stephen Miller at the University of Wyoming, to quantify jointed goatgrass seed decline in the soil. In a winter wheat variety susceptible to imazamox damage, imazamox was sprayed at low rates to control winter annual grasses; including jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), and field brome (Bromus arvensis). Imazamox (1 oz and 2 oz rates) was combined with shallow rotary hoe tillage and cold or warm temperature at spraying time and compared to untreated checks. Several treatments provided partial control of jointed goatgrass (32% to 69%) and field brome (59% to 89%) compared to the checks. Winter wheat yields were 17% to 36% higher in treated plots. A field study initiated in 1996 looked at the effect of wheat varieties, crop rotations, and tillage vs no-till on jointed goatgrass densities. This project will soon enter its final phases. Corn did poorly both years with no grain harvested in 2002 or in the no-till plots in 2003. A field study initiated in 1997 looked at the effects of five different tillage timings after wheat harvest on jointed goatgrass density in winter wheat compared to a no-tillage treatment. This study was completed in 2003 with the harvest of the final winter wheat crop.
Oregon State University researchers are studying the dormancy and germination of jointed goatgrass; the impact of wheat cytoplasm on the % seed set on hybrids between jointed goatgrass and wheat; outcrossing rates between jointed goatgrass plants; and outcrossing from wheat to wheat and from wheat to jointed goatgrass. Kee-Woong Park finished his PhD dissertation on ALS resistant downy brome biotypes. One biotype was resistant due to metabolism and the other had site based resistance. Italian ryegrass control with mesosulfuron was evaluated in several studies with mixed results. Evaluations are continuing on ACCase resistance in Italian ryegrass. Some populations are also resistant to SU herbicides. Evaluations continued of downy brome control in winter wheat with propoxycarbazone, mesosulfuron, and with PRE applications of flufenacet. Adjuvants were evaluated for enhanced activity of imazamox in Clearfield wheat. Addition of UAN solution increased wheat crop injury and slightly increased downy brome control. Tolerance of advanced Clearfield wheat lines to imazamox was evaluated at two locations in eastern Oregon. Advanced lines for proposed release in the PNW had tolerance similar to FS-4 (Fidel). Evaluations continued to develop glyphosate alternatives for management of WAG weeds and volunteer wheat. A cooperative study with Gail Wicks and Jack Evans evaluated post-harvest tillage for management of JGG. Oregon results indicate little/no impact of post-harvest tillage on JGG in subsequent wheat plantings.
Utah State University studies have taken place to evaluate promising candidate herbicides to control wild oat, feral rye, and jointed goatgrass. Compounds previously evaluated include fenoxaprop, clodinafop, tralkoxydim, sulfosulfuron, flucarbazone sodium, and propoxycarbazone sodium. Current studies include, in addition to the above herbicides, imazamox combined with herbicide-resistant wheat to provide increased levels of weed control as well as a broader spectrum of species that can be managed. Ongoing investigations to manage feral rye in winter wheat using selective herbicides and cultural practices have been disappointing and largely unsuccessful. Consequently, another approach using imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars combined with appropriate applications of imazamox have been the main focus of recent feral rye studies. In the fall of 2002 a field trial was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of imazamox to control a mixed stand of downy brome and feral rye in a field of ClearfieldR winter wheat.
Texas A&M University conducted the following studies involving winter annual grass weeds in winter wheat in Texas: Evaluation of a broad spectrum of labeled and experimental herbicides for managing ryegrass in HRWW in Central Texas. The standard herbicides for the area are Amber, Glean, and Finesse. Hoelon use is minimal in this area partially due to the grazing restrictions and high price. Evaluation of Osprey for both wild oat and ryegrass were evaluated at numerous locations across Texas. A ryegrass survey of from 10 counties in Central Texas identified as much as 70% ALS resistant ryegrass. Ryegrass samples were taken from wheat fields with a history of ryegrass problems. A three-year research project evaluating the economics of the Clearfield system and conventional grass weed management (wild oat, ryegrass, and jointed goatgrass) in wheat was initiated in the fall of 2003. Measuring the impact wheat seed size has on its competitive ability with annual ryegrass was initiated in the fall of 2002. The second season of research was initiated in the fall of 2003 and the study will conclude in June 2004.
Washington State University and USDA-ARS researchers conducted experiments in eastern Washington in 2003 to evaluate various aspects of winter annual grass control in winter wheat, including: Jointed Goatgrass Integrated Management for the Pacific Northwest; a jointed goatgrass seed longevity study; a Clearfield wheat crop rotation study evaluating 2 and 3 year rotations with Clearfield wheat at varying intervals to determine risk of developing imazamox resistant populations of jointed goatgrass; Volunteer wheat control with glyphosate and glyphosate alternatives; and studies evaluating various herbicides for winter annual grass control in winter wheat. Studies evaluate control of jointed goatgrass, downy brome, and Italian ryegrass.
Kansas State University researchers focused on several projects including effect of nitrogen concentration on Beyond herbicide efficacy and crop tolerance in Clearfield wheat; Clearfield wheat tolerance as affected by herbicide and growth stage; Comparison of Beyond rates and adjuvant systems in Clearfield wheat; sequence of sulfonylurea and Beyond herbicide split applications in clearfield wheat; downy brome control as affected by herbicide, UAN concentration, and time of application; fall-applied mixtures of Finesse or Glean with Maverick, Olympus, or Everest; winter annual grass control in Clearfield wheat with Beyond and competitive treatments; simulated herbicide drift in wheat; row crop response to fall- and spring-applied Olympus in wheat in normal crop rotation; integrated management of jointed goatgrass using cultural practices ; Clearfield winter wheat risk; prolonging clearfield technology with certified seed and crop rotation ; and characterization of post-dispersal jointed goatgrass seed predation.
University of Nebraska studies focused on determining best management practices for using Clearfield wheat technology to control jointed goatgrass and minimize the development of imazomox-resistant goatgrass populations. A field study near Sidney, NE evaluated the interaction of various nitrogen fertilizer rates on the efficacy of Beyond herbicide applied in the fall and spring to Clearfield wheat for feral rye control. A study was initiated at four sites in western Nebraska, in cooperation with Stephen Miller at the University of Wyoming, to quantify jointed goatgrass seed decline in the soil. In a winter wheat variety susceptible to imazamox damage, imazamox was sprayed at low rates to control winter annual grasses; including jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), and field brome (Bromus arvensis). Imazamox (1 oz and 2 oz rates) was combined with shallow rotary hoe tillage and cold or warm temperature at spraying time and compared to untreated checks. Several treatments provided partial control of jointed goatgrass (32% to 69%) and field brome (59% to 89%) compared to the checks. Winter wheat yields were 17% to 36% higher in treated plots. A field study initiated in 1996 looked at the effect of wheat varieties, crop rotations, and tillage vs no-till on jointed goatgrass densities. This project will soon enter its final phases. Corn did poorly both years with no grain harvested in 2002 or in the no-till plots in 2003. A field study initiated in 1997 looked at the effects of five different tillage timings after wheat harvest on jointed goatgrass density in winter wheat compared to a no-tillage treatment. This study was completed in 2003 with the harvest of the final winter wheat crop.
Oregon State University researchers are studying the dormancy and germination of jointed goatgrass; the impact of wheat cytoplasm on the % seed set on hybrids between jointed goatgrass and wheat; outcrossing rates between jointed goatgrass plants; and outcrossing from wheat to wheat and from wheat to jointed goatgrass. Kee-Woong Park finished his PhD dissertation on ALS resistant downy brome biotypes. One biotype was resistant due to metabolism and the other had site based resistance. Italian ryegrass control with mesosulfuron was evaluated in several studies with mixed results. Evaluations are continuing on ACCase resistance in Italian ryegrass. Some populations are also resistant to SU herbicides. Evaluations continued of downy brome control in winter wheat with propoxycarbazone, mesosulfuron, and with PRE applications of flufenacet. Adjuvants were evaluated for enhanced activity of imazamox in Clearfield wheat. Addition of UAN solution increased wheat crop injury and slightly increased downy brome control. Tolerance of advanced Clearfield wheat lines to imazamox was evaluated at two locations in eastern Oregon. Advanced lines for proposed release in the PNW had tolerance similar to FS-4 (Fidel). Evaluations continued to develop glyphosate alternatives for management of WAG weeds and volunteer wheat. A cooperative study with Gail Wicks and Jack Evans evaluated post-harvest tillage for management of JGG. Oregon results indicate little/no impact of post-harvest tillage on JGG in subsequent wheat plantings.
Utah State University studies have taken place to evaluate promising candidate herbicides to control wild oat, feral rye, and jointed goatgrass. Compounds previously evaluated include fenoxaprop, clodinafop, tralkoxydim, sulfosulfuron, flucarbazone sodium, and propoxycarbazone sodium. Current studies include, in addition to the above herbicides, imazamox combined with herbicide-resistant wheat to provide increased levels of weed control as well as a broader spectrum of species that can be managed. Ongoing investigations to manage feral rye in winter wheat using selective herbicides and cultural practices have been disappointing and largely unsuccessful. Consequently, another approach using imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars combined with appropriate applications of imazamox have been the main focus of recent feral rye studies. In the fall of 2002 a field trial was initiated to evaluate the efficacy of imazamox to control a mixed stand of downy brome and feral rye in a field of ClearfieldR winter wheat.
Texas A&M University conducted the following studies involving winter annual grass weeds in winter wheat in Texas: Evaluation of a broad spectrum of labeled and experimental herbicides for managing ryegrass in HRWW in Central Texas. The standard herbicides for the area are Amber, Glean, and Finesse. Hoelon use is minimal in this area partially due to the grazing restrictions and high price. Evaluation of Osprey for both wild oat and ryegrass were evaluated at numerous locations across Texas. A ryegrass survey of from 10 counties in Central Texas identified as much as 70% ALS resistant ryegrass. Ryegrass samples were taken from wheat fields with a history of ryegrass problems. A three-year research project evaluating the economics of the Clearfield system and conventional grass weed management (wild oat, ryegrass, and jointed goatgrass) in wheat was initiated in the fall of 2003. Measuring the impact wheat seed size has on its competitive ability with annual ryegrass was initiated in the fall of 2002. The second season of research was initiated in the fall of 2003 and the study will conclude in June 2004.
Washington State University and USDA-ARS researchers conducted experiments in eastern Washington in 2003 to evaluate various aspects of winter annual grass control in winter wheat, including: Jointed Goatgrass Integrated Management for the Pacific Northwest; a jointed goatgrass seed longevity study; a Clearfield wheat crop rotation study evaluating 2 and 3 year rotations with Clearfield wheat at varying intervals to determine risk of developing imazamox resistant populations of jointed goatgrass; Volunteer wheat control with glyphosate and glyphosate alternatives; and studies evaluating various herbicides for winter annual grass control in winter wheat. Studies evaluate control of jointed goatgrass, downy brome, and Italian ryegrass.
Impacts
- Collective research among WCC-77 participants throughout the western U.S. has helped define the benefits and risks associated with the use of Clearfield wheat. Much of the research has identified optimum herbicide application methods for managing difficult weeds such as jointed goatgrass, Italian ryegrass, and feral rye. These weeds contribute to significant annual losses to wheat growers, and cause growers to intensify tillage for weed control, thereby increasing environmental problems associ
- Best management practices (BMP) have been developed for managing grass weeds in wheat in the predominant wheat growing regions of the U.S. The WCC-77 project has allowed researchers to come together to discuss and design collaborative projects. BMPs in commercial use have improved fertilizer use efficiency to minimize weed problems, and reduce waste in fertilizer use. BMPs for alternative crop rotation practices have reduced grass weed problems and increased economic diversification of drylan
- Collaboration between researchers participating in WCC-77 have allowed development of research on new weed problems such as rattail fescue in the Pacific Northwest. Other collaborations help identify and understand mechanisms for herbicide-resistance in weeds. These projects will lead to better weed management practices for dryland wheat producers in the western U.S
Publications
Daugovish, O., D.C. Thill, and B. Shafii. 2003. Modeling competion between wild oat (Avena fatua) and yellow mustard or canola. Weed Sci. 51:102-109.
Hansen, B.D., C.A. Mallory-Smith, D.C. Thill, and R.L. Zemetra. 2003. Potential for pollen-mediated gene flow from wheat to other wheat cultivars. Proc. Weed Sci. Soc. Amer. 3.
Ball, D.A., C. Rainbolt, D.C. Thill, and J.P. Yenish. 2003. Weed management strategies for Clearfield wheat systems across PNW precipitation zones. Proc. Northwest Direct Seed Cropping Systems Conf., Pasco, Washington. 90-96.
Ireland, T.M., D.C. Thill, J.P. Yenish, and D.A. Ball. 2003. Evaluation of glyphosate for burndown in direct seed systems. Proc. Northwest Direct Seed Croppings Systems Conf., Pasco, Washington, 97-104.
Rainbolt, C., D.C. Thill, J.P. Yenish, and D.A. Ball. 2003. Alternatives to glyphosate as part of a resistance management strategy in direct seed systems. Proc. Northwest Direct Seed Croppings Systems Conf., Pasco, Washington, 105-118.
Rainbolt, C.R., D.C. Thill, J.P. Yenish, and D.A. Ball. 2003. The effect of weed seed biology and selection pressure on the evolution of resistant weed populations in imidazolinone-resistant wheat production systems: A Pacific Northwest extension bulletin. Proc. Weed Sci. Soc. Amer. 53.
Ball, D.A., D.C. Thill, M. Ensminger, K. Howatt, S. Seefledt, P. Banks, and R. Anderson. 2003. Development of weed resistance as affected by frequency of herbicide application. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 30.
Ireland, T.M., D.C. Thill, D. Ball, and J. Yenish. 2003. Annual grass control with glyphosate formulations and application timings in direct seed dryland winter wheat cropping systems in the Inland Northwest. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 61.
Campbell, J.M. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Fenoxaprop and tralkoxydim reduced split rates for wild oat control in barley. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 100.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Rotational crop response to imazamax, flucarbazone, propropcarbazone and sulfosulfuron. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 112.
Campbell, J. and D. Thill. 2003. Quizalofop preplant to wheat and barley. West Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 135.
Campbell, J. and D. Thill. 2003. Wild oat control in spring wheat. West. Soc. Weed Science Progress Report. 151.
Rainbolt, C.R. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Control of over-wintered glyphosate-resistant spring wheat with quizalofop. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 154.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Tolerance of imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat varieties to imazamox. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 155-156.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Downy brome control in winter wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 157-160.
Campbell, J. and D. Thill. 2003. Imidazolinone resistant wheat and canola weed control. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 163-164.
Campbell J. and D. Thill. 2003. Wild oat control in winter wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 165-167.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Italian ryegrass control in winter wheat with various grass herbicides. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 168-170.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Italian ryegrass control in imazamox in winter wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 171-173.
Rauch T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Italian ryegrass and ventenata control in winter wheat with mesosulfuron. West Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 175.
Campbell, J. and D. Thill. 2003. Interrupted windgrass control in winter wheat. West Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 190-191.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Rotational crop response to imazamox persistence. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 197-198.
Claassen, M.M. and D.E. Peterson. 2002. Weed control in imidazolinone resistant wheat with imazamox. Proc. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:9.
Deeds, Z.A., D.E. Peterson, K. Al-Khatib, B.L. Olson, and P.W. Stahlman. 2002. Volunteer or failed winter wheat control in the spring with clethodim, glyphosate, or atrazine plus paraquat. Proc. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:8.
Peterson, D.E. and D.L. Regehr. 2002. Cheatgrass control in winter wheat. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. Res. Rep. 59:37.
Peterson, D.E. and D.L. Regehr. 2002. Japanese brome control in winter wheat. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. Res. Rep. 59:41.
Peterson, D.E. and D.L. Regehr. 2002. Weed control and crop tolerance with imidazolinone resistant wheat. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. Res. Rep. 59:51.
Stahlman, P.W., A.D. White, T.J. Martin, and V. Martin. 2003. Clearfield Winter Wheat Risk Assessment. Annual Progress Report to National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program.
Stahlman, P.W. and T. White. 2003. Jointed Goatgrass Research Program Extension Coordinator. Annual Progress Report to National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program.
Stahlman, P.W., P.W. Geier, A.D. White, D. Lyon, S.D. Miller, and P. Westra. 2003. Performance of Beyond herbicide in Clearfield wheat in the central Great Plains. The 6th Annual National Wheat Industry Research Forum Proceedings, p. 18-19. Albuquerque, NM. National Association of Wheat Growers Wheat Industry Resource Committee. Web site: http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/weedmanagement. Includes general information, weed control updates, and research summaries.
White, A.D. and P.W. Stahlman. 2003. Control of jointed goatgrass using Best Management Practices. The 6th Annual National Wheat Industry Research Forum Proceedings, p. 22-24. Albuquerque, NM. National Association of Wheat Growers Wheat Industry Resource Committee.
White, T. 2002. Jointed goatgrass: A threat to winter wheat production. Proc. N. Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. St. Louis, MO.
White, T., P. Stahlman, and P. Geier. 2003. Imazamox rate and timing combinations in Clearfield wheat. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Kauai, HI.
Lyon, D. J., A. J. Bussan, J. O. Evans, C. A. Mallory-Smith, and T. F. Peeper. 2002. Pest management implications of glyphosate-resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the western United States. Weed Technol. 16:680-690.
Klein, R. N., and D. J. Lyon. 2003. Controlling winter annual grasses in winter wheat. Crop Watch No. 2003-24:229. Available online at cropwatch.unl.edu.
Ball, D. A., J. P. Yenish, and T. Alby III. 2003. Effect of Imazamox Soil Persistence on Dryland Rotational Crops. Weed Technology. 17:161-165.
Young, F. L., J. P. Yenish, D. L. Walenta, and D. A. Ball. 2003. Spring-germinating jointed goatgrass produces viable spikelets in spring seeded wheat. Weed Sci. 51:379-385.
Evans, J.O. 2003. Downy brome and feral rye control in herbicide-resistant wheat. Nephi Agricultural Experiment Station Field Day. Nephi, UT. 1 July.
Evans, J.O. 2003. Evaluation of imazamox with herbicide-resistant wheat to control annual grass weeds in Utah. Greenville Agricultural Experiment Station Field Day. North Logan, UT. 8 July.
Evans, J.O., T.M. Osmond, and R.W. Mace. 2003 Evaluation of wild oat herbicides for spring wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 149
Evans, J.O., E. Creech, and R.W. Mace. 2003. Evaluation of fenoxaprop for wild oat and wild buckwheat control in spring wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 150
Popular Press Articles
White, T. 2002. Clearfield Wheat in Kansas. Article published in Wheat Scoop-August 28 and National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program website. Internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2002. Got Jointed Goatgrass? Management Strategies for Increased Control. Article published in Wheat Scoop and Oregon Wheat Growers League Newsletters-August and National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program website. Internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2002. Jointed Goatgrass Seed: What Do We Know? National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program website. Internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2002. Weed Identification: Is it Important in Clearfield Wheat? Western-Farmer Stockman Magazine. December. p.28. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Can Deep Plowing Help Control Jointed Goatgrass? April 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Give the boot to an old goat. (Jointed goatgrass: A problem in winter wheat). Successful Farming Magazine. February. p.38. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Goatgrass Weapons. Western Farmer-Stockman. October. P.34.
White, T. 2003. How are you going to control jointed goatgrass in your fields next year? July 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Non-GMO Herbicide Technology to Control Jointed Goatgrass and Other Weeds. The Wheat Farmer/Row Crop Farmer-Central Plains. April 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Researchers seek ways to eliminate jointed goatgrass in winter wheat. High Plains Journal. October 13. P.15-B. (Published article rewritten by staff writer from portions of article submitted earlier by T. White).
White, T. 2003. Scientists Evaluate the Origin of Jointed Goatgrass. June 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Spring Control of Jointed Goatgrass. The Wheat Farmer/Row Crop Farmer-Central Plains. April 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Tackling goatgrass. Western Farmer-Stockman Magazine. July. p.M12. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. The Importance of Jointed Goatgrass Seed Biology. First posted in April. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. What is jointed goatgrass and why is it so difficult to control? July 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
Hansen, B.D., C.A. Mallory-Smith, D.C. Thill, and R.L. Zemetra. 2003. Potential for pollen-mediated gene flow from wheat to other wheat cultivars. Proc. Weed Sci. Soc. Amer. 3.
Ball, D.A., C. Rainbolt, D.C. Thill, and J.P. Yenish. 2003. Weed management strategies for Clearfield wheat systems across PNW precipitation zones. Proc. Northwest Direct Seed Cropping Systems Conf., Pasco, Washington. 90-96.
Ireland, T.M., D.C. Thill, J.P. Yenish, and D.A. Ball. 2003. Evaluation of glyphosate for burndown in direct seed systems. Proc. Northwest Direct Seed Croppings Systems Conf., Pasco, Washington, 97-104.
Rainbolt, C., D.C. Thill, J.P. Yenish, and D.A. Ball. 2003. Alternatives to glyphosate as part of a resistance management strategy in direct seed systems. Proc. Northwest Direct Seed Croppings Systems Conf., Pasco, Washington, 105-118.
Rainbolt, C.R., D.C. Thill, J.P. Yenish, and D.A. Ball. 2003. The effect of weed seed biology and selection pressure on the evolution of resistant weed populations in imidazolinone-resistant wheat production systems: A Pacific Northwest extension bulletin. Proc. Weed Sci. Soc. Amer. 53.
Ball, D.A., D.C. Thill, M. Ensminger, K. Howatt, S. Seefledt, P. Banks, and R. Anderson. 2003. Development of weed resistance as affected by frequency of herbicide application. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 30.
Ireland, T.M., D.C. Thill, D. Ball, and J. Yenish. 2003. Annual grass control with glyphosate formulations and application timings in direct seed dryland winter wheat cropping systems in the Inland Northwest. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 61.
Campbell, J.M. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Fenoxaprop and tralkoxydim reduced split rates for wild oat control in barley. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 100.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Rotational crop response to imazamax, flucarbazone, propropcarbazone and sulfosulfuron. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. 112.
Campbell, J. and D. Thill. 2003. Quizalofop preplant to wheat and barley. West Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 135.
Campbell, J. and D. Thill. 2003. Wild oat control in spring wheat. West. Soc. Weed Science Progress Report. 151.
Rainbolt, C.R. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Control of over-wintered glyphosate-resistant spring wheat with quizalofop. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 154.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Tolerance of imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat varieties to imazamox. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 155-156.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Downy brome control in winter wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 157-160.
Campbell, J. and D. Thill. 2003. Imidazolinone resistant wheat and canola weed control. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 163-164.
Campbell J. and D. Thill. 2003. Wild oat control in winter wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 165-167.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Italian ryegrass control in winter wheat with various grass herbicides. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 168-170.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Italian ryegrass control in imazamox in winter wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 171-173.
Rauch T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Italian ryegrass and ventenata control in winter wheat with mesosulfuron. West Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 175.
Campbell, J. and D. Thill. 2003. Interrupted windgrass control in winter wheat. West Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 190-191.
Rauch, T.A. and D.C. Thill. 2003. Rotational crop response to imazamox persistence. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 197-198.
Claassen, M.M. and D.E. Peterson. 2002. Weed control in imidazolinone resistant wheat with imazamox. Proc. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:9.
Deeds, Z.A., D.E. Peterson, K. Al-Khatib, B.L. Olson, and P.W. Stahlman. 2002. Volunteer or failed winter wheat control in the spring with clethodim, glyphosate, or atrazine plus paraquat. Proc. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. 57:8.
Peterson, D.E. and D.L. Regehr. 2002. Cheatgrass control in winter wheat. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. Res. Rep. 59:37.
Peterson, D.E. and D.L. Regehr. 2002. Japanese brome control in winter wheat. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. Res. Rep. 59:41.
Peterson, D.E. and D.L. Regehr. 2002. Weed control and crop tolerance with imidazolinone resistant wheat. N. Centr. Weed Sci. Soc. Res. Rep. 59:51.
Stahlman, P.W., A.D. White, T.J. Martin, and V. Martin. 2003. Clearfield Winter Wheat Risk Assessment. Annual Progress Report to National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program.
Stahlman, P.W. and T. White. 2003. Jointed Goatgrass Research Program Extension Coordinator. Annual Progress Report to National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program.
Stahlman, P.W., P.W. Geier, A.D. White, D. Lyon, S.D. Miller, and P. Westra. 2003. Performance of Beyond herbicide in Clearfield wheat in the central Great Plains. The 6th Annual National Wheat Industry Research Forum Proceedings, p. 18-19. Albuquerque, NM. National Association of Wheat Growers Wheat Industry Resource Committee. Web site: http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/weedmanagement. Includes general information, weed control updates, and research summaries.
White, A.D. and P.W. Stahlman. 2003. Control of jointed goatgrass using Best Management Practices. The 6th Annual National Wheat Industry Research Forum Proceedings, p. 22-24. Albuquerque, NM. National Association of Wheat Growers Wheat Industry Resource Committee.
White, T. 2002. Jointed goatgrass: A threat to winter wheat production. Proc. N. Cent. Weed Sci. Soc. St. Louis, MO.
White, T., P. Stahlman, and P. Geier. 2003. Imazamox rate and timing combinations in Clearfield wheat. Proc. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Kauai, HI.
Lyon, D. J., A. J. Bussan, J. O. Evans, C. A. Mallory-Smith, and T. F. Peeper. 2002. Pest management implications of glyphosate-resistant wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the western United States. Weed Technol. 16:680-690.
Klein, R. N., and D. J. Lyon. 2003. Controlling winter annual grasses in winter wheat. Crop Watch No. 2003-24:229. Available online at cropwatch.unl.edu.
Ball, D. A., J. P. Yenish, and T. Alby III. 2003. Effect of Imazamox Soil Persistence on Dryland Rotational Crops. Weed Technology. 17:161-165.
Young, F. L., J. P. Yenish, D. L. Walenta, and D. A. Ball. 2003. Spring-germinating jointed goatgrass produces viable spikelets in spring seeded wheat. Weed Sci. 51:379-385.
Evans, J.O. 2003. Downy brome and feral rye control in herbicide-resistant wheat. Nephi Agricultural Experiment Station Field Day. Nephi, UT. 1 July.
Evans, J.O. 2003. Evaluation of imazamox with herbicide-resistant wheat to control annual grass weeds in Utah. Greenville Agricultural Experiment Station Field Day. North Logan, UT. 8 July.
Evans, J.O., T.M. Osmond, and R.W. Mace. 2003 Evaluation of wild oat herbicides for spring wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 149
Evans, J.O., E. Creech, and R.W. Mace. 2003. Evaluation of fenoxaprop for wild oat and wild buckwheat control in spring wheat. West. Soc. Weed Sci. Progress Report. 150
Popular Press Articles
White, T. 2002. Clearfield Wheat in Kansas. Article published in Wheat Scoop-August 28 and National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program website. Internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2002. Got Jointed Goatgrass? Management Strategies for Increased Control. Article published in Wheat Scoop and Oregon Wheat Growers League Newsletters-August and National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program website. Internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2002. Jointed Goatgrass Seed: What Do We Know? National Jointed Goatgrass Research Program website. Internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2002. Weed Identification: Is it Important in Clearfield Wheat? Western-Farmer Stockman Magazine. December. p.28. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Can Deep Plowing Help Control Jointed Goatgrass? April 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Give the boot to an old goat. (Jointed goatgrass: A problem in winter wheat). Successful Farming Magazine. February. p.38. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Goatgrass Weapons. Western Farmer-Stockman. October. P.34.
White, T. 2003. How are you going to control jointed goatgrass in your fields next year? July 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Non-GMO Herbicide Technology to Control Jointed Goatgrass and Other Weeds. The Wheat Farmer/Row Crop Farmer-Central Plains. April 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Researchers seek ways to eliminate jointed goatgrass in winter wheat. High Plains Journal. October 13. P.15-B. (Published article rewritten by staff writer from portions of article submitted earlier by T. White).
White, T. 2003. Scientists Evaluate the Origin of Jointed Goatgrass. June 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Spring Control of Jointed Goatgrass. The Wheat Farmer/Row Crop Farmer-Central Plains. April 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. Tackling goatgrass. Western Farmer-Stockman Magazine. July. p.M12. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. The Importance of Jointed Goatgrass Seed Biology. First posted in April. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org
White, T. 2003. What is jointed goatgrass and why is it so difficult to control? July 2003. Current internet location: http://www.jointedgoatgrass.org