Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The 2008 meeting was called to order at 1 pm on Tuesday, August 5, 2008 by Tom Stalker, filling in for Chair Tom Isleib. Roger Crickenberger, Assistant Director of NCARS, welcomed the group to North Carolina, and discussed the important role of germplasm in the release of cultivars recently developed by NCSU breeders. Dr. Gerald Arkin, the administrative advisor for the S-009 RTAC, commented on his 21 years as a liaison for Southern Agric. Directors, and the importance of each member discussing S-009 related activities with our Agricultural Experiment Station Director, among other issues. Next, a discussion on the current and future status of the Hatch system followed. The Specialty Crop Initiative was described. Minutes of the 2007 meeting were approved as published on the S-009 RTAC website (motion by Jorge Mosjidis, seconded by Fred Allen). The issue of the white paper on plant breeding prepared by Mike Collins and Fred Allen after last years meeting was brought up, including the topic of distance education (shared courses across states). Emerson Shipe commented on the lack of commitment in replacing breeders by administrators at Land Grant universities, and that shared courses have a tuition-sharing problem that must be addressed. Don LaBonte stated that lack of courses in plant breeding hurts recruitment of graduate students. Jerry Arkin advised us to inform our Deans of Academic Programs about the need and interest in shared courses. The new plant breeding RTAC was mentioned as a more appropriate voice for our concerns about this subject. No additions to the 2008 meeting agenda were made. An open discussion of the need for committees for officer nominations and time and place determination of the next meeting resulted in Tim Phillips being appointed as secretary for next year, and Griffin, GA on August 4-5, 2009 as the location and time for the next meeting. Gary Pederson gave his report on the activities at Griffin as a PowerPoint presentation. He showed that of the 88,321 accessions at Griffin, 87.6% are available for distribution, and 94.4% have been backed up. Digital images of seed or fruit of many accessions have been recorded. Germination testing of the accessions has been increased. More accessions are in storage at -18C, including 100% of grass accessions. Funding continues to be challenging, partly due to the budgets not increasing to cover salary increases. Pederson listed several top needs: 1. Technical support (peanut field technician, help for forage legumes, HPLC characterization, grass tissue culture, and general field crew help); 2. Curation: category 4 curator for vigna, watermelon, and curcurbits; 3. Equipment: Reigi weeder and low-gear tractor, cone planter, Weed Badger weeder, no-till drill, ultra-low freezer, peanut thresher, Dual axle truck for hauling equipment, NMR for oil content characterization, light scanner, gas chromatograph, four-row flex planter, moveable storage shelves for 4C room; 5. Building: addition of 4C cold storage room (convert existing 4C room to -18C). Melanie Harrison-Dunn, curator of warm-season grasses at Griffin, reported on her activities. She curates a collection of 6,955 accessions comprising 447 species in 102 genera. She maintains 416 vegetative accessions, about half of which are bermudagrass. Her collection contains 95 bamboo accessions from 47 species. She reported 324 new acquisitions, many of which were from NRCS Plant Material releases. Forty accessions of zoysia from China have been received, as well as ~140 accessions of switchgrass from Fort Collins. CO. During 2003-2007, 991 accessions have been regenerated, including finger millets, bahiagrass, black gamagrass, and little bluestem. She has instituted some improvements in the handling of clonal material, such as increasing the number of plants maintained (four pots per accession), dual labeling, and a cooling pad system in the greenhouse. State reports for Alabama, Florida, Guam, Kentucky, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, and the Virgin Islands were presented orally (written reports at the NPGRCU website). At 5 pm the meeting was adjourned until 8 am on Wednesday, August 6 where state reports continued until completed. Old business items included a discussion of the tobacco germplasm collection and its future. The collection currently is housed at Oxford, NC, but likely will be moved to Raleigh. The white paper on plant breeding training concerns will be distributed to members by Tom Stalker. New business included the incoming secretary position to be filled by Tim Phillips, and the location/time of the next meeting (Griffin, GA, August 4-5, 2009). Tom Stalker had some questions about the peanut collection. He mentioned that with 9,000 accessions of peanuts, it is not possible to get the botanical variety or market type (it is not listed). He was advised by Gary Pederson to request that this information be added. Pederson mentioned the GRIN-Global beta version. How mixed accessions are dealt with was discussed. They are kept as received, rather than separating them, and the descriptions would include how the mixture is composed (e.g., 20% purple seed, 80% brown seed). Pederson mentioned that the germplasm system doesnt like to distribute original seed, but often an original accession could supply requests for 20 years with no problem. Tom Stalker commended the Griffin groups efforts; stating that the collection has improved recently due to the good job the curators have done. He thanked them for their excellent work. There was some discussion about the procedure for scheduling meeting times and locations. It was remarked that it would be good to return to Griffin every several years, with other meetings being rotated among committee members as agreeable to the committee. The group was adjourned mid-morning for a trip to Clayton, southeast of Raleigh, for a tour of the Central Crops Research Station. We had tours of corn plots with exotic germplasm from Dr. Major Goodman, and then toured corn plots which were part of the GEM project led by Dr. Matt Krakowsky. We were shown around soybean plots by Dr. Tommy Carter, USDA-ARS soybean breeder, and associates. He showed the group soybean lines with a high percentage of exotic germplasm in their pedigrees. Around noon, the visit to the research farm ended, with members dispersing until the meeting in 2009 in Griffin.

The complete accomplishments section for the 2008 S-009 annual report is located at the S-009 website (www.ars.usda.gov/Main/docs.htm?docid=9514). A summary of the accomplishments from the Griffin location and S-009 cooperators is listed below. USDA, ARS, Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit: The germplasm collection at Griffin, Georgia has increased to 88,321 accessions of 251 genera and 1,492 species. In 2007, a total of 27,312 seed, tissue culture, and clonal accessions were distributed to researchers and educators in 721 orders to users in 43 states and 33 foreign countries. In the last year, 94.4% of the collection is backed up at the National Center for Genetic Resource Preservation, Ft. Collins, CO and 87.6% of the accessions are available for use by the research community. Cowpea regeneration was conducted with 52 lines increased in the greenhouse and 51 lines increased in Puerto Rico. Digital images of flowers were taken. Seed increases were obtained by Roy Pittman, PGRCU, for 490 cultivated peanut accessions. CRSP-14 peanut germplasm with resistance to tomato spotted wilt, early leaf spot, and late leaf spot was released. Seed was harvested from 88 warm-season grass accessions by Melanie Harrison-Dunn, PGRCU. A proposal was funded to collect switchgrass accessions in Florida. A total of 183 misc. legumes, new crops, and other misc. crops were regenerated by Brad Morris, PGRCU. A total of 42 annual clover accessions were regenerated by Gary Pederson, PGRCU. Over 70 accessions of an African clover, Trifolium tembense, were susceptible to tomato spotted wilt virus and few seed were obtained. Regeneration of sorghum accessions in St. Croix and Puerto Rico continued in coordination with the sorghum curator, John Erpelding. A total of 1,260 accessions were sent to St. Croix for regeneration in 2007 and seed was regenerated from 1,234 accessions and sent to Griffin. Also 420 quarantine sorghum accessions were regenerated. All MER sweet sorghum breeding lines from the Meridian, MS collection were added to GRIN. Bob Jarret, PGRCU, regenerated 120 and characterized 300 accessions of the Capsicum sp. (chile pepper) germplasm collection in the field. Digital images and descriptor data were uploaded into the GRIN database. Pungency was determined for 150 Capsicum spp. accessions. Molecular evaluations to evaluate genetic diversity present within plant genetic resource collections were conducted on 48 mung bean accessions using EcoTILLING. Variation in oil content and fatty acid composition was determined for 50 peanut accessions. Flavone content and anthocynin index was determined for several legumes and Hibiscus. Variation in oil content was determined for 48 castorbean accessions. In the last year, over 9,700 germination tests were conducted. Since 2002, germination tests have been conducted on over 48,000 accessions. Over 2,100 accessions were sent to Ft. Collins or Svalbard, Norway for new back up samples. Currently, over 68% (over 58,500 accessions) of the collection has at least one sample in -18 C storage. Alabama: Sunn hemp germplasm is being used to develop cultivars that can be used as fodder and as cover crops. Sericea lespedeza is being evaluated for control of gastrointestinal parasites in ruminants and for condensed tannin content. A new population of sericea lespedeza was evaluated as inter-row crop in vegetable production at Auburn, GA, LS, AR, and USDA at several locations. In cotton, we have begun the introgression of resistance to reniform nematode from two accessions (TX 245 and TX 1419) into adapted germplasm. F2:3 and BC1:2 lines from eight different cross combinations (four adapted parents × two resistant accessions) are being evaluated in the greenhouse for resistance. Preliminary screening of the germplasm collection using chlorophyll fluorescence after heat shock showed TX 337 and 6 other accessions to have significantly better tolerance to high temperatures and water deficit than Deltapine 90. We have participated in a cooperative USDA project to evaluate soybean germplasm for resistance to Asian soybean rust with several accessions showing high levels of resistance. We have completed evaluation of Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius, and L. luteus for resistance to lupin anthracnose (Colletotrichum lupini). L. luteus lines displayed resistance, and one L. angustifolius line displayed resistance. Arkansas: AFLPs (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) are being used to fingerprint molecular diversity and natural hybridization of Gossypiium australe, G. bickii, G. nelsonii and G. sturtianum. Reniform nematode resistance from G. arboreum PIs is being evaluated. Evaluation of Caribbean basin cotton relative to south Florida native cottons is also being evaluated by AFLP molecular fingerprinting. We evaluated 66 PI lines of Brassica napus for winter hardiness and Sclerotina sclerotiorum resistance and 53 PI lines for Brassica sclerotiorum resistance. Verticillium dahliae is widespread in nature but only recently has it been proven to be a pathogen of spinach seed production. V. dahliae isolates were recovered from seed produced in the U.S., Denmark and the Netherlands. A total of 120 Spinacia spp. accessions from the USDA-NCRPIS germplasm collection were screened for resistance to V. dahliae. Accessions with the lowest disease severity ratings were PI 193618, Ames 26243, PI 604789, PI 179591, PI 261789, PI 319220 and PI 286435. Pedigree analysis and molecular data show that the genetic base of southern soybean is extremely narrow. Studies have demonstrated that 80% of the genes in public soybean cultivars came from 13 ancestral lines. Our recent research has identified a number of plant introductions (PI) with acceptable yield and desirable diversity. We have crossed some of these PIs, as well as elite lines from the North, to southern elite cultivars. Florida: Records received from S-9 indicate that 221 accessions of various plant species maintained at PGRCU at Griffin, GA were distributed during 2007 to 21 individuals or organizations with addresses in Florida. In 2007 UF/IFAS plant breeders released the following cultivars, germplasms or breeding lines: 7 coleus, 2 peanut, 7 tomato, 1 caladium, 1 peach rootstock, 2 winter oat, 5 blueberry, 2 grape, and 1 bahiagrass. Dr. Ken Quesenberry, is continuing evaluation of limpograss (Hemarthria altissima) hybrids, new perennial Arachis germplasm, and Desmodium and Aeschynomene forage legume germplasm. Dr. Kevin Kenworthy and colleagues have completed a project evaluating turf potential of carpetgrass germplasm across the Southeastern USA. Dr. Ann Blount, released a new diploid bahiagrass cultivar, Riata, with improved early spring and late fall production. Dr. Jay Scott, has mapped a begomovirus resistance gene Ty-3 in breeding lines derived from Solanum chilense and has identified resistance to pepino mosaic virus was discovered in S. habrochaites. Dr. Eileen Kabelka, continues to use Cucurbita PI material obtained from S-9 as sources of beneficial genes for introgression into squash. Molecular markers linked to beneficial genes from the S-9 PI material will be of direct use to public and private breeding programs and the scientific community. Georgia: During 2007, eighty-nine different requests for plant germplasm were made to PGRCU by Georgia users. As a result of these requests, more than four thousand plant accessions were supplied to University scientists, USDA scientists, consultants, seed companies, gardeners, and numerous individuals. The most requested crops were pepper, peanut, various legumes, bamboo, and warm season grasses. UGA programs supply new crop cultivars and associated technologies to our agricultural sector and rely heavily upon the plant materials maintained within the S-9 unit. UGA currently has active cultivar development programs in soybean, peanut, small grains, turf grasses, forages, blueberries, and numerous ornamental crops that frequently utilize the plant genetic resource collections. In addition, research programs in crop science, horticulture, plant pathology, entomology and other disciplines utilize the genetic resources of the S-9 unit in both basic and applied research projects designed to address the needs of Georgia agriculture. The S-9 unit remains a critical component of our research and cultivar development programs. Guam: Conservation activity during 2007 focused on preservation of locally collected chili pepper (Capsicum spp.) and sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) germplasm in Guam. Distribution of seeds to a local community included corn seeds (Zea mays cv. Guam White Corn), okra seeds (Abelmoschus esculentus cv. Charlie), and sunnhemp seeds (Crotalaria juncea). Seeds of nitrogen fixing legumes (Grilicidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala cv. K636) as windbreak were also distributed to the organic farming sustainable agriculture project of Guam Cooperative Extension program. Other plant included in germplasm evaluation program was a potential biofuel plant, Jatropha curcas, collected locally. Plant evaluation data on chili peppers conducted at the Guam Agricultural Experiment Station were summarized. Among 77 entries, 26 germlines were obtained from USDA-ARS, PGRCU. Many lines did not survive after transplanting to the field possibly due to heavy rains received during the beginning of the experiment. PI 547069 had 81,600 Scoville Heat Unit, which was the highest level of capsaicinoids by HPLC determined among lines from PGRCU. Two selected lines, cv. Chivalry and cv. Marilyn (a local collection), were further evaluated for their yield and were processed to make a hot sauce for a preference study. Consumer survey and field evaluation of basil (Ocimum basilicum) was initiated including five cultivars, Napolentano, Genovese, Gecofure (Nufer 1), Envigor, and Thai. Hawaii: Germplasm requested in 2007 included Crotalaria retusa, C. spectabilis and C. juncea. Germination was sporadic due to poor seed quality. Once plants were established, they grew and seeded well, and greenhouse tests indicated they were poor root-knot nematode hosts. Growth, moisture and nutrient accumulation patterns during Kaimana lychee (Litchi chinenesis) fruit development, and nutrient accumulation in leaves were monitored to develop fertilizer management information and field culture guidelines for this cultivar. Flowering, flushing, and fruit development of 8 rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum) cultivars ('R156 Red', 'Jitlee', 'Silengkeng', 'Rongrien', 'R9', 'Binjai', 'R167' and 'R134') growing along the eastern coast of Hawai'i Island were studied over 4 consecutive years near Hilo, HI. Studies on longan (Dimocarpus longan) demonstrated that chlorite and hypochlorite (bleach) induced flowering in a similar manner to chlorate-treated trees. Two new infestations of macadamia felted coccid (Eriococus ironsidei) were discovered in macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) orchards along the eastern coast of Hawaii Island. M. integrifolia and M. tetraphylla are the only hosts for this native Australian insect pest, and movement of infested plants or grafting material is the most common method for dispersal. Kentucky: Todd Pfeiffer continues to expand his breeding work with sweet sorghum, including a new project on biomass/biofuel production and attempts to produce perennial sweet sorghum by crossing with Johnsongrass. Pfeiffer has screened the PI collection and is using several accessions in crosses with established cultivars. A genetic study of castor is underway by a graduate student in David Hildebrands graduate student, working on oil profiles of several species including flax, chia, soybeans, and castor. Tim Phillips has planted a trial to evaluate the winter hardiness of some of the warm season grasses in the S9 collection, as well as a breeding nursery for several native warm-season grasses. Only two accessions of flaccidgrass, PI 315868 and 434640, survived the past winter. Approximately 3,000 switchgrass plants were established in the field this May for possible cultivar development. Norman Taylor is still busy breeding clovers with seed blocks and selection nurseries underway for white, kura, and several red clover populations. Several new cultivar releases are imminent. Louisiana: A number of bamboo genotypes were requested for suitability in the landscape. Mr. Flexer noted that the collection in Byron, GA is well maintained now in comparison to past visits he has made to the site. Research on Ipomoea species includes evolutionary ecology, molecular evolution and population genetics of genes involved in flower color, as well as the phylogenetic systematics of morning glories (species of the tribe Ipomoeae). Sweetpotato clones (Don La Bonte and Chris Clark, Louisiana State University) were requested to determine genetic variability in uptake of micronutrients Fe and Zn to lessen nutritional deficiencies found in developing countries. An extensive screen of germplasm is underway to identify sources of resistance to Sweet Potato Leaf Curl Virus. Michael Dowd, SRCC, USDA examined fatty acid profiles (as methyl esters) of Hibiscus repository plants to help us confirm the identity of peaks we were observing in some of our related Gossypium (cotton) samples. North Carolina: Faculty in the Crop Science and Horticultural Science Departments at NC State University conduct research on strawberry, blueberry, brambles, tree crops, ornamentals, maize, soybean, peanut, cotton, tobacco, small grains, turfgrasses, sweet potato, cucurbits, and other crops. Priorities are on incorporating disease and insect resistance, abiotic stress resistance, and quality factors into improved breeding lines and cultivars. Plant introductions are critical components of plant improvement programs, and NCSU scientists make use of germplasm maintained in the National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). The U.S. collection of cultivated and wild Nicotiana species is maintained at NCSU as are collections of Arachis species, South American maize germplasm, and many accessions of soybean, blueberries, sweet potato and other crop species. Propagules of 1291 Nicotiana accessions were distributed to U.S. public and private-sector researchers (670 accessions), U.S. individuals (112 accessions), and foreign recipients (509). Of 1706 accessions distributed to North Carolina in 2007, more (691) came from PGRCU at Griffin, GA, than from any other NPGS center. Propagules of 636 accessions from PGRCU were sent to public- and private sector researchers and 55 to private individuals in North Carolina. Thirty-one cultivars and parental and germplasm lines were released, and 11 germplasm-related articles were published with NCARS personnel and USDA-ARS personnel stationed at the NCSU campus in Raleigh as authors. Puerto Rico: Eighteen quenepa (Melicoccus bijugatus) cultivars are in the third year of evaluation at Juana Diaz and Lajas. Significant differences have been observed among cultivars for tree height, trunk diameter, and canopy volume, with a few accessions showing precocious fruiting. A replicated guava planting consisting of 14 accessions was maintained and evaluated at Juana Díaz. A new yellow tannier cultivar is being increased in the field for evaluation. Seventeen plantain and 26 banana cultivars are being maintained in the field at Corozal. Twelve Mayagüezano type mango clones are being evaluated at Lajas. Sweet cherry pepper (Capsicum chinense) was evaluated in the field at Lajas. Fruit quality parameters were measured on Hamlin orange monthly to determine the optimum season for harvest. Three mandarin cultivars on four citrus rootstocks were evaluated at Corozal and Isabela. One hundred half-sib lines of the Suresweet sweet corn O.P. population were planted at the Isabela Substation. Another cycle of recurrent selection of this O.P. sweet corn will be conducted before formal release as Suresweet 08. Interspecific hybrids of ornamental Musa species were evaluated in the field at Lajas and clonal propagation experiments were conducted on Leandra krugii in Rio Piedras. Germplasm requests in Puerto Rico in 2007 included 1 Solanum, 1 Capsicum, 2,288 Sorghum and 7 Citrullus accessions. South Carolina: A total of 146 germplasm accessions were distributed by PGRCU at Griffin, GA in 2007 to eight individuals in South Carolina. Accessions distributed were from thirteen different genera and included the following plants: sorghum, sweet potato, watermelon, gourd, bamboo, and fourteen special purpose legume accessions. In 2007, twenty-eight elite lines from the Clemson University soybean breeding program were tested in a greenhouse to determine their suitability as hosts for reniform nematode, Rotylenchulus reniformis. The lines SC98-1930, SC01-819, SC02-208, SC03-9093, and SC04-297 had reproductive indices lower than the resistant S.C. cultivar Santee. Soybean rust (SBR) was first identified in the U.S. in November, 2004. The disease is caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi and can cause severe yield losses under optimal temperature and humidity conditions. Researchers collaborated in 2007 to evaluate USDA germplasm accessions for SBR resistance in seven locations in the southern U.S. Four hundred twelve accessions across maturity groups 000 - X were planted at Blackville, SC in late July. Rust symptoms were first observed in late September. Ten leaflets from each of 323 accessions were collected during October and examined under a microscope for the presence of rust. Data were submitted to Dr. David Walker, USDA-ARS, Urbana, IL, who summarized results from all locations. Approximately 85 of the PIs showed high to moderate resistance to rust at two or more locations. Tennessee: Recombinant inbred soybean lines (RIL) are being developed from a cross between a prolific rooting line, PI416937, and a high leaflet orienting cultivar, USG 5601T, to develop near-isogenic lines with different rooting and leaflet orientations to compare their water-use relative to seed yield. 18 soybean genotypes including 15 high oleic plant introductions (PI) and three checks were planted 16 different environments across five locations during three years. Experimental line TN03-349 is an F6-derived line from the cross TN93-99 x PI 416937 which was released as the new edible vegetable soybean cultivar NUTRIVEG Soy6407. Heterogeneous plant populations developed from exotic Chinese plant introductions by Dr. Randy Nelson and locally adapted single-plant selections were made. Early generation lines from the Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (GEM) project, coordinated through the USDA Maize project at Iowa State University, were crossed with elite adapted lines. Several experimental hybrids derived from the GEM project are in yield trials in Tennessee. Three accessions of teosinte from NCRPIS at Ames, Iowa have been planted in Knoxville and crossed with adapted corn. BC2F2 hybrids are being backcrossed to adapted corn lines. The hybrids have survived four fairly mild winters in TN. Three switchgrass PIs are being intercrossed with two experimental lines and two released cultivars to develop a C1 synthetic. Eight switchgrass PIs and newly developed cultivars are being evaluated for rust and bunt resistance, and controlled hybridizations made amongst desirable parents. Three miscanthus PIs are being evaluated for growth characteristics, yield measurements, and disease resistance evaluations in Knoxville. Texas: Texas A&M University requested Sorghum bicolor germplasm for an array of evaluation and breeding purposes, including disease resistant, quality and yield traits. Three new peanut cultivars have been released, all with PI lines in their pedigree. Both lablab and cowpea accessions are being evaluated and used as parents in the forage legume breeding program. The lablab cultivar Rio Verde was developed as a new forage crop for the US southern region through selection in the PI line 388018. Breeder seed increases were made in Oregon on two experimental crimson clover cultivars derived from two PI accessions. Dr. Dick Auld, Texas Tech University, evaluated 228 accessions of castor (Ricinus communis L.) for seed yield potential under limited moisture conditions. Crosses were made between several of the most promising accessions and the commercial cultivars evaluated in this test. Sorghum lines were evaluated by Dr. John Goolsby, USDA, ARS, as potential hosts for the biological control agent Tetramesa romana, but T. romana did not feed or develop on sorghum. Brown midrib and high sugar sorghum lines were requested by Milo Genetics to introduce these traits into breeding lines. Virginia: Several accessions of Vigna and Eleusine were used for studies of systematics and genetic diversity at Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University. A new peanut cultivar was released through the Tidewater Agricultural Research & Extension Center. Investigations at Virginia State University were conducted on the biological quality of edamame (vegetable soybean) and the chemical composition of glandular hairs of Vernonia (ironweed), a source of vernonia oil, which is rich in a useful epoxy fatty acid used to make plastics, rubbery coatings, and drying agents. Brabant Research, Inc. evaluated sweet potato germplasm for nutritional value compared with commercially produced sweet potatoes. These activities document the distribution and utilization of plant genetic resources, a primary objective of the regional project, the study of genetic relationships among crop plants and their wild relatives, and the release of new cultivars of crop plants, the cornerstone of agriculture. Virgin Islands: Sorrel or roselle, Hibiscus sabdariffara, is a plant originally native to Africa which has been grown in the Caribbean for centuries that is used fresh, during the winter months to make a seasonal beverage, or drier for later use. Sixty accessions of sorrel germplasm were obtained from PGRCU in Griffin, GA. Seedlings of sorrel were transplanted in calcareous soils with a pH range of 8.0-8.9 and compared with seven local cultivars. All sorrel developed interveinal chlorosis and many developed terminal necrosis. Applications of micronutrients didnt resolve the nutrient deficiency symptoms. Five accessions were found that have potential for production in the Virgin Islands: PIs 268097, 496717, 496938, 464809 and 500721. Plans are to acquire seeds from ten selected accessions and establish them on better soil with a more neutral pH located at the VI Department of Agriculture this fall. Both papaya seed and pineapples from Hawaii are being grown and evaluated. Papaya seeds hadnt been available from the Hawaiian tropical germplasm center for a number of years.

Plant Genetic Resources Conservation Unit Barkley, N.L., Wang, M.L., Gillaspie Jr, A.G., Dean, R.E., Pederson, G.A., Jenkins,T.M. 2007. Mining SNPs and Indels in Mung Bean (Vigna radiata) by Ecotilling. Convergence of Genomics and the Land Grant System: Emerging Trends in the Application of Genomics in Agriculture. Barkley, N.L., Dean, R.E., Pittman, R.N., Wang, M.L., Holbrook Jr, C.C., Pederson, G.A. 2007. Genetic Divesity of Cultivated and Wild Type Peanuts Evaluated with M13-Tailed SSR Markers and Sequencing. Genetical Research. 89:93-106. Barkley, N.A., M.L. Wang, A.G. Gillaspie, R.E. Dean, G.A. Pederson, and T.M. Jenkins. 2008. Discovering and verifying DNA polymorphism in a mung bean [V. radiata (L.) R. Wilczek] collection by EcoTILLING and sequencing. BMC Research Notes 1:28. Barkley, N.A. and M.L. Wang. 2008. Application of TILLING and EcoTILLING as reverse approaches to elucidate the function of genes in plants and animals. Current Genomics 9:212-226. Chen, Z., Waltz, C., Wang, M.L., Raymer, P. 2008. Preliminary Investigation on Genetic Diversity of Zoysiagrasses in the United States. Plant and Animal Genome Conference, January 12-16, 2008, San Diego, CA. p.156 Davis, A.R., King, S., Jarret, R.L., Levi, A., Tadmor, Y. 2007. Lycopene and total carotenoid content as descriptors for Citrullus lanatus: Limitations and preliminary trials. Cucurbit Genetics Cooperative Report. 27:34-40. Dida, M.M., Wanyera N, Harrison-Dunn M.L., Bennetzen J.L., and Devos K.M. 2008. Population Structure and Diversity in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) Germplasm. Tropical Plant Biology 1:131-141. [Online. 10.1007/s12042-008-9012-3]. Erpelding, J.E., Wang, M. L. 2007. Response to Anthracnose Infection for a Random Selection of Sorghum Germplasm. Plant Pathology Journal 6(2): 127-133. Fu, Y.B., Chong, J., Fetch, T., Wang, M.L. 2007. Microsatellite Variation in Avena sterilis Oat Germplasm. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretical Applied Genetics (2007) 114:1029-1038 Gillaspie Jr, A.G., Wang, M.L., Pinnow, D.L., Pittman, R.N. 2007. Polymerase chain reaction for detection of peanut mottle and peanut stripe viruses in Arachis hypogaea l. germplasm seedlots. Plant Pathology Journal. 6(1)87-90. Gillaspie Jr, A.G. 2007. Attempts to Improve the Method of Screening Cowpea Germplasm for Resistance to Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Blackeye Cowpea Mosaic Virus. Plant Pathology Journal.6(2):202-205. Goenaga, R.J., Gillaspie Jr, A.G., Quiles-Belen, A. 2008. Assessing Yield Potential of Cowpea Genotypes Grown Under Virus Pressure. HortScience 43(3):673-676. Harrison Dunn, M.L., Pederson, G.A. 2007. In Vitro Maintenance of Bermudagrass Germplasm. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting Abstracts. CD-ROM. Jarret, R.L., Baldwin, E.A., Perkins, B., Guthrie, K., Bushway, R. 2007. Diversity of Some Fruit Quality Characteristics in Capsicum frutescens L. HortScience 42:16-19. Jarret, R.L. 2007. 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