Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Minutes from NCERA-184 Business 2008 Meeting

May 12, 2008, Univ. of California, Davis, CA

The meeting was called to order at 4:00 pm by Chair, Pierce Paul, Ohio State University. Those in attendance included: Gary Bergstrom, Cornell Univ.; Bill Bockus, Kansas State Univ; Carl Bradley, Univ. of Illinois; Erick de Wolf, Kansas State Univ.; Ruth Dill-Macky, Univ. of Minnesota; Don Hershman, Univ. of Kentucky; Char Hollingsworth, Univ. of Minnesota; Marcia McMullen, North Dakota State Univ.; Gene Milus, Univ. of Arkansas; Larry Osborne, South Dakota State Univ.; Jeff Stein, South Dakota State Univ.; and Laura Sweets, Univ. of Missouri.

The minutes of the 2007 meeting were distributed. Jeff Stein motioned for acceptance, and Ruth Dill-Macky seconded. Minutes were approved.

A short discussion about the necessity of the committee providing a mid-term report followed. It was agreed that it would be due in 2009, during the term that Gary Bergstrom will be serving as chair of the committee.

2009 meeting location: The group had a discussion about whether the 2009 meeting should be another joint meeting with wheat pathologists in the WCERA-97 group, possibly in Montana and hosted by Alan Dyer at Montana State. In 2010, the Eastern wheat breeder and Southern small grain workers are meeting, and it was suggested that the NCERA-184 could possibly meet jointly with those groups in 2009. No one knew dates or location of that meeting. Jeff Stein of SDSU also has offered to host the NCERA that year or in 2009. Joint meetings offer an opportunity to share more ideas and resources, but the members of the group expressed that they would like to prevent overlapping business meetings, as several members of the NCERA are also members of the WCERA. Location and time of meeting also impacts committee members attendance. The group discussed how no single time is best, as the group represents different wheat classes which are planted and mature at different times, affecting the workload of the participants. A subsequent impromptu discussion of some of the members of the group on May 13 resulted in the group deciding to explore whether Erick Stromberg was still interested in hosting the NCERA-184 in Virginia in 2009 or have a joint meeting in Montana (check again with Alan Dyer) or in SD in 2009 (extending the invitation to the WCERA-97), plus finding out more information about dates and location of the southern wheat group meetings in 2010. Following the meeting, 2009 chair Gary Bergstrom explored each of these options with the potential local hosts and reported back to 2008 chair Pierce Paul and 2010 chair Carl Bradley. The officers group decided to accept an invitation from the Eastern Wheat Workers and the Southern Small Grain Workers for NCERA-184 to meet jointly with those groups on May 17-19, 2009 at a hotel near the Washington Baltimore International Airport. The business and technical meetings of the groups will be concurrent and separate except for a joint technical session and field trip to the Wye Research Center in Queenstown, MD on May 19. Jose Costa and Arvydas Grybauskas will host our visit to Wye Research Center and Jose is the overall coordinator of the joint meeting. Jeff Stein has offered to host NCERA-184 and WCERA-97 in South Dakota in 2010.

New secretary for group: Gene Milus nominated and Don Hershman seconded a motion for Carl Bradleys nomination as incoming secretary of the NCERA-184. Dr. Bradley was unanimously elected.

State Reports: Pierce Paul asked that state representatives send their individual state reports to him, preferably by June 1, so that they may be included in the committees official report. Carl Bradley and Gary Bergstrom had reports available in a suggested format that may be used as a template by other attendees. These templates included wheat acreage in state, weather, crop and disease situations, publications, regional projects, and impacts.

Attendees provided information on staff changes in their states:

Gene Milus, Arkansas: Scott Momfort was recently hired as an extension plant pathologist, with responsibility for wheat, corn, and soybeans. Other new hires in his department include: Burt Bloom, a molecular host genetics person, and Yannis Tzanetakis, a new virologist; the department is also looking for a new Dept. Head.

Carl Bradley, Illinois: Announced that Kiersten Wise, his former graduate student at NDSU, has accepted the extension plant pathology field crops position at Purdue University, with Greg Shaner soon retiring.

Jeff Stein, SDSU: Introduced Larry Osborne as the new small grains extension plant pathologist. He also announced that the SDSU winter wheat breeder has left.

Ruth Dill-Macky, U of MN: Announced that Char Hollingsworth recently received tenure at the U of MN.

Bill Bockus, Kansas State: Announced that the department hired Chris Toomajian as a population geneticist, and Richard Todd in Fungal Genomics. Erick de Wolfe also recently received tenure.

Pierce Paul, Ohio State: Feng Qu was hired as a new Plant Molecular Virologist and Mike Boehm is the new Dept. Chair.

Gary Bergstrom, Cornell Univ.: A new research support specialist was hired, Katie Waxman.

Brief oral reports on the crop and disease situation in each state also were given:

South Dakota: Winter wheat acres have increased, with 2 acres of winter wheat for every acre of spring wheat now. Dry summers impacted spring wheat. Winter wheat now creeping into areas with large corn and soybean acreages. Winter wheat averaged 50 bu/acre last year. Leaf rust was heavy on susceptible winter wheat cvs in 2007. Stripe rust was not a problem. Also observed some oat stem rust and crown rust. 2007 was a dry summer, with lots of common root rot, but little to no scab. Stopped raining as early as May 2. This spring, some winter wheat winter kill, and some physiological leaf spots observed on Wesley winter wheat. Spring blizzards a problem with winter wheat in 2008. Reports of army and pale cutworms problems have occurred.

Missouri: In 2007, an ice storm and Easter cold temperatures resulted in frost damage. Some farmers ripped up fields, others were kept. Some were pleasantly surprised by yields in these kept fields, others were disappointed. Acreage up to 1 million in 2008. Lots of ice storms and rain in 2008, wettest February on record and some areas have seen massive flooding. So far, very little foliage diseases, but growers interested in spraying fungicides. Some wheat streak and BYDV showing up now; earlier in season saw some soil borne and spindle streak virus. Now growers are asking if they should be spraying for scab.

Kentucky: In 2007, 80% of wheat was severely damaged by freezing temperatures; 400,000 acres reduced to 75,000 left after the freeze. Of acres left, secondary tillers survived and some fields yielded well. Virtually no disease in 2007. 2008: 475000 acres planted; lots of people growing wheat that havent in past; overall, wheat looking good; Septoria tritici at low levels and a little stripe rust in SW part of state. A little WSMV because of volunteers left from freeze of 2007. Spending lots of time on fungicide issues, including early season use. No data in SRWW area for this use. Some companies even pushing use of Kocide on wheat in his state. Crop blooming in last 5 days; FHB forecast map still indicates little to moderate risk.

Minnesota: 2007 started off a little dry, but in May and early June got considerable rain; then in mid-June stopped raining. More leaf rust than normal was observed, but not much FHB. Started to rain again in August in 2007, which affected some harvest. Acreage at 1.7 million acres of spring wheat and 130,000 acres of barley. Yields of spring wheat in 2006 and 2007 averaged from 46-47 bu, while winter wheat averaged 48 bu. 2008 crop barely in; planted in St. Paul 10 days ago and nothing up yet. In Red River Valley area, planting in northern part ahead of rest of state because soil is dry, even though still very cold. Some fields have emerged, but these were the earliest planted fields. New barley variety released: Rasmusson, after Don Rasmusson (numbered line M122); New wheat release: Tom, after Tom Anderson.

New York: Historically a soft white wheat state, but sprouting has been so bad, now growers turning to soft red winter wheat, although breeding program at Cornell still focused on soft whites. Wheat workers in the Eastern Great Lakes area met together in March 2008 together to identify similar problems and share information. Gary continuing program for testing for soil-borne mosaic and wheat spindle streak and has a post-doc working on sequencing of viruses from different regions. Hed accept samples from other areas. He suggested two good check cultivars: Roane, resistant to soil-borne and susceptible to spindle streak; and Sisson, susceptible to soil-borne and resistant to spindle streak. Both cultivars are soft red winter wheat. Not much disease in 2007 because was dry; rains came at wrong time, at harvest, causing sprout damage.

Arkansas: 2007 crop heavily impacted by spring freeze. 2008: 970,000 acres of SRWW planted, but 100,000 of this lost to flooding or wet feet. Massive flooding in NE; also seeing downy mildew. South of I-40, missed most of March and April rains and wheat looks good there. No reports of soil borne or spindle streak mosaic. Arkansas summer crops 3 to 4 weeks behind; this last week for corn, and then growers will switch to beans. Record amounts of wheat leaf rust overwintered, but really never developed until late and just starting to show up now but crop in soft dough. Some spraying occurred for stripe rust, but for most part, varieties being grown now have good adult plant resistance to stripe rust. For acres planted to more moderately susceptible or susceptible varieties, growers are aggressive on fungicide spraying. In Fayetteville, some cold temperatures, down to 24 F, occurred in April when crop in boot, but damage wasnt bad and no lodging. Referred to a publication on freeze injury which says that 28 F for 2 hrs causes damage at boot, even kills plant, but he didnt observe this. Some Septoria leaf blotch present, some FHB showing up in SW corner; disease forecast model did show red. Doing survey with entomologist on BYDV. Also had powdery mildew this year in plots, especially in varieties from Pacific Northwest. Bacterial streak also making a come back. New extension plant pathologist will be doing work on fungicide efficacy.

North Dakota: 2007: reasonable year for crop, although turned hot and dry in July. Winter wheat in state averaged between 70-80 bushels, while spring wheat averaged 36 bu. In 2007, a few pockets of FHB, in winter wheat in south east and a few locations along Canadian border in North east, but overall, very low FHB levels. Leaf rust was primary problem in 2007, on susceptible winter wheat cvs and spring wheat cvs. Some varieties previously thought to have good resistance, such as Alsen, showed considerably more leaf rust in 2007. Great optimism going into 2008 season because of wheat prices, but winter was dry in western half of state and they also havent seen spring rains, so very dry in west. Spring crop just barely in, and winter wheat slow to start regrowth. Some winter injury in winter wheat in drier parts of the state, may be combination of drought and winter injury. ND will be participating in regional wheat virus survey, as well as conducting the annual scouting survey of wheat across the state, for insects and diseases.

Illinois: 2007: also had a freeze of crop in April and lost 100,000 acres. Some acres were kept and did well, and others did poorly. No major disease problems in 2007, some reports of BYDV and some pockets of scab. Forecasting system did good job of predicting scab occurrence. Some leaf rust, but came late and didnt do much damage. 2008: 1.2 million acres seeded; southern half of state going to try double cropping. Some soil-borne mosaic showing up this year. Not much foliar disease and wheat looks good. Whole state wet, but scab prediction site still doesnt indicate high risk. Carl will be coordinating the USWBSI uniform fungicide trials this year. Fred Kolb released 8 varieties which be licensed, all of which are pretty good for scab tolerance. Dr. Kolb wants some of his advanced lines tested under misting.

Kansas: In 2007 had biggest yield loss in wheat due to leaf rust since 1976, an estimated 13.9%. Late tillers got plastered; main stem had been killed or delayed by frost. 2008: leaf rust again abundant and seeing tan spot and Septoria in wheat on wheat residue. Triticum mosaic being detected with Elisa and PCR tools; maybe 5% or less of all wheat being tested has high plains virus. Newer varieties Fuller and Overland are showing more leaf rust than in previous years; these two postulated to have Lr17, Lr41, and Lr10 genes. Bill Bockus said that the geese are eating his corn spawn inoculums of FHB, but put out life size coyote decoys which help scare the geese. Ohio: Wheat in Ohio missed spring frost in 2007. Conditions were dry throughout much of the season, resulting in very little disease development. In spite of the warn, dry conditions during grain fill, average in the state was in the low to mid 60s. More than 1 million acres seeded last fall. Fall planting conditions were very good in 2007, contrary to the previous two seasons. The 2008 wheat crop was between the Feekes 8 and Feekes 9 growth stages at the time of the meeting. No major disease problems were reported up to the time of the meeting. Folicur, Proline and Caramba received federal registration for us in wheat for the suppression of head scab.

The meeting was adjorned at 6:00 pm.

The objectives of NCERA 184 are to: 1. Facilitate collaborative research on current and emerging diseases of small grains. Specifically: a) The integrated management of Fusarium head blight b) Fungicide efficacy trials for diseases of small grains c) Epidemiology and risk management d) Screening of uniform regional nurseries for resistance to economically important pathogens e) Studies of the population biology of small grains' pathogens 2. Promote the exchange of information, techniques, fungicide efficacy results, disease resistant germplasm and pathogen cultures among small grains researchers in order to coordinate the development of integrated management strategies for important diseases. Accomplishments for Objective 1. Facilitate collaborative research on current and emerging diseases of small grains a. Integrated Management of Fusarium head blight (FHB). " Several members conducted FHB integrated management field trials in 2006-2008 and shared their results and interpretations. Data are being utilized for development of ScabSmart Regional/State Extension Education Programs for small grain producers, an effort led by NCERA 184 members with support from the U.S. Wheat and Barley Scab Research Initiative. b. Fungicide Efficacy Trials for Diseases of Small Grains. " Members reported on their fungicide efficacy trial results and jointly constructed a 2008 update of a consensus uniform efficacy table for foliar fungicides available for wheat disease management. This table is widely used by extension specialists to develop extension publications and provides a platform for consistent fungicide recommendations throughout the U.S., especially areas east of the Rocky Mountains. c. Epidemiology and Risk Management " NCERA 184 members coordinated the national level deployment of disease prediction models for Fusarium head blight. This effort allows cooperators in 24 states east of the Rocky Mountains to provide text commentary to support the model estimates of disease risk. This web-based prediction system received over 7,200 visits between April and August of 2008. A small survey of the users indicates that nearly 80% of those that accessed the model rated the information of high value for their farm or organization. d. Screening of Uniform Regional Nurseries for Resistance to Economically Important Pathogens. " NCERA 184 members shared their latest research results on resistance of wheat cultivars and lines in coordinated regional nurseries to Fusarium head blight, Septoria tritici blotch, Stagonospora nodorum blotch, tan spot, stripe rust, leaf rust, stem rust, and several viral diseases. This shared information on varietal reaction is incorporated consistently into regional and state extension recommendations. e. Studies of the Population Biology of Small Grains Pathogens. " Members collected and submitted samples of the major rust pathogens of the small grains (e.g. leaf rust of wheat, crown rust of oats, etc) to collaborating USDA-ARS scientists (Y. Jin, J. Kolmer, and X. Chen) for race and virulence determination. This project allows continual monitoring of the population/virulence structure of cereal rusts in North America and provides critical guidance to small grains breeding programs. Accomplishments for Objective 2. Promote the exchange of information, techniques, fungicide efficacy results, disease resistant germplasm and pathogen cultures among small grain researchers in order to coordinate the development of integrated management strategies for important small grain diseases. " Committee members coordinate and actively contribute to year-round dialogue on wheat disease management through an on-line wheat pathology discussion group comprised primarily of NCERA 184 and WERA 97 members. The listserve [WHEATDISEASE@LISTSERV.KSU.EDU] is hosted by Kansas State University. " Participants at the May 2008 meeting were updated on the situation with regard to wheat and barley diseases throughout the country and also informed about the spread of Ug99, the potentially damaging race of wheat stem rust with virulence to the Sr31 gene for resistance, from north Africa into the Middle East. This information is important to pathologists and wheat breeders involved in developing cereal varieties with resistance to pathogens. In the case of Ug99 it has enabled the research community to respond proactively since the race is not present in the US. " NCERA 184 and WERA 97 members organized a U.S. national workshop in St. Paul, MN in 2008 to address emerging races of stem rust known as Ug99 and related variants. This workshop brought together extension specialists and researchers from land grant universities and USDA-ARS, APHIS and CSREES, and key stockholders to identify critical knowledge gaps in current surveillance efforts and strategies for disease management. The meeting was supported by a Critical Issues grant from CSREES to the NCERA-184 and WERA-97 committees, and had more than 30 participants. " Developed a grant proposal, Development of Critical Extension Resources for Emerging Races of Wheat Stem Rust (Ug99), for Extension IPM program sponsored by CSREES that would provide support for extension publications addressing the identification and management of stem rust in the US. This coordinated effort of the NCERA-184 and WERA-97 committees directly addressed one of the critical needs identified in the stem rust workshop described above. The proposal was successful and will provide support for the development and delivery of 200,000 extension publications across the small grains producing areas of the U.S.

RELEVANT PUBLICATIONS OF NCERA-184 MEMBERS

(2007)

Peer-Reviewed Journal Articles Ali, S., Singh, P.K., McMullen, M. P., Mergoum, M., and Adhikari, T.B. 2007. Resistance to multiple leaf spot diseases in wheat. Euphytica DOI 10.1007/s10681-007-9469-4. Anderson, J.A., Busch, R.H., McVey, D.V., Kolmer, J.A., Jin, Y., Linkert, G.L., Wiersma, J.V., Dill-Macky, R., Wiersma, J.J. and Hareland, G.A. 2007. Registration of 'Ada' wheat. Crop Sci. 47:434-435. Baenziger, P.S., Beecher, B., Graybosch, R.A., Ibrahim, A.M.H., Baltensperger, D.D., Nelson, L.A., Jin, Y., Wegulo, S., Watkins, J.E., Hatchett, J.H., Chen, M. and Bai. G. 2008. Release of NE01643 wheat. J. Plant Registration 2:36-42. Bennett, R.S., M.G. Milgroom, R. A. Sainudiin, B.M. Cunfer, and G.C. Bergstrom. 2007. Relative contribution of seed-transmitted inoculum to foliar populations of Phaeosphaeria nodorum. Phytopathology 97: 584-591. Bonman, J.M., Bockelman, H.E., Jin, Y., Hijmans, R.J. and Gironella. A. 2007. Geographic distribution of stem rust resistance in wheat landraces. Crop Sci. 47:1955-1963. Bruckner, J.E., Berg, D.L., Riveland, N., Echhoff, J.L., Wichman, D.M., Kephart, K.D., Carlson, G.R., Kushnak, G.D., Stougaard, R.N., Nash, D.L., Grey, W.E., Dyer, A.T., Jin, Y. and Chen, X. 2007. Registration of Yellowstone wheat. J. Plant Registration 1:18-19. Costa, J.M., Griffey, C.A., Bockelman, H.E., Cambron, S.E., Cooper, A., Grybauskas, A., Gaines, C., Graybosch, R.A., Kratoshvil, R.J., Jin, Y. and Marshall, D. 2007. Registration of Chesapeake wheat. J. Plant Registration 1:26-27. Culler, M.D., Miller-Garvin, J.E. and Dill-Macky, R. 2007. Effect of extended irrigation and host resistance on deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation in Fusarium-infected wheat. Plant Dis. 91:1464-1472. DelPonte, E.M., J.M.C. Fernandes, and G.C. Bergstrom. 2007. Influence of growth stage on Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol production in wheat. J. Phytopathology DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0434.2007.01281.x. Devkota, R.N., Rudd, J., Jin, Y., Glover, K., Hall, R.G. and Hareland, G.A. 2007. Registration of Briggs wheat. Crop Sci. 47:432-434. Fetch Jr., T. and Jin, Y. 2007. Letter code system of nomenclature of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae. Plant Dis. 91:763-766. Gyenis, L., Yun, S.J., Smith, K.P., Steffenson, B.J., Bossolini, E., Sanguineti, M.C. and Muehlbauer, G.J. 2007. Genetic architecture of quantitative trait loci associated with morphological and agronomic trait differences in a wild by cultivated barley cross. Genome 50:714-723. Haley, S.D., Johnson, J.J., Peairs, F.B., Quick, J.S., Stromberger, J.A., Clayshulte, S.R., Butler, J.D., Rudolph, J.B., Seabourn, B.W., Bai, G., Jin, Y. and Kolmer. J.A. 2007. Registration of Ripper wheat. J. Plant Registration 1:1-6. Jin, Y., Singh, R.P., Ward, R.W., Wanyera, R., Kinyua, M.G., Njau, P., Fetch Jr., T., Pretorius, Z.A. and Yahyaoui, A. 2007. Characterization of seedling infection types and adult plant infection responses of monogenic Sr gene lines to race TTKS of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Plant Dis. 91:1096-1099. Klindworth, D.L., Miller, J.D., Jin, Y. and Xu, S.S. 2007. Chromosomal locations of genes for stem rust resistance in monogenic lines derived from tetraploid wheat accession ST464. Crop Sci. 47:1441-1450. Kolmer, J.A., Jin, Y. and Long, D.L. 2007. Wheat leaf rust and stem rust in the United States. Aust. J. Agr. Res. 58:631-638. Lai, Z., Faris, J.D., Weiland, J.J., Steffenson, B.J. and Friesen, T.L. 2007. Genetic mapping of Pyrenophora teres f. teres genes conferring avirulence on barley. Fungal Gen. Biol. 44:323-329. Larsen, J. E., C. R. Hollingsworth, J. Flor, M. R. Dornbusch, N. L. Simpson, and D. A. Samac. 2007. Distribution of Phoma sclerotioides on alfalfa and winter wheat crops in the North Central U.S. Plant Dis. 91:551-558. Mackintosh, C.A., Lewis, J., Radmer, L.E., Shin, S., Heinen, S.J., Smith, L.A., Wyckoff, M.N., Dill-Macky, R., Evans, C.K., Kravchenko, S., Baldridge, G.D., Zeyen, R.J. and Muehlbauer, G.J. 2007. Overexpression of defense response genes in transgenic wheat enhances resistance to Fusarium head blight. Plant Cell Rep. 26:479-488. Nirmala, J., Dahl, S., Steffenson, B.J., Kannangara, C.G., von Wettstein, D., Chen, X. and Kleinhofs, A. 2007. Proteolysis of the barley receptor-like protein kinase RPG1 by a proteasome pathway is correlated with Rpg1-mediated stem rust resistance. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci (USA) 104:10276-10281. Olivera, P., Kolmer, J.A., Anikster, Y. and Steffenson, B.J. 2007. Resistance of Sharon goatgrass (Aegilops sharonensis) to fungal diseases of wheat. Plant Dis. 91:942-950. Olivera, P.D., Millet, E., Anikster, Y. and Steffenson, B.J. 2008. Genetics of resistance to wheat leaf rust, stem rust and powdery mildew in Aegilops sharonensis. Phytopathology 98:353-358. Paul, P. A., Lipps, P. E., De Wolf, E., Shaner, G., Buechley, G., Adhikari, T., Ali, S., Stein, J., Osborne, L., and Madden, L. V. 2007. A distributed lag analysis of the relationship between Gibberella zeae inoculum density on wheat spikes and weather variables. Phytopathology 97:1608-1624. Paul, P. A., Lipps, P. E., Hershman, D. E., McMullen, M. P., Draper, M. A., and Madden, L. V. 2007. A quantitative review of tebuconazole effect on Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol content in wheat. Phytopathology 97:211-220. Paul, P.A., Lipps, P.E., Hershman, D.E., McMullen, M.P., Draper, M.A., and Madden, L.V. 2007. A quantitative review of tebuconazole effect on Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol content in wheat. Phytopathology 97:211-220. Pereyra, S.A. and Dill-Macky, R. 2008. Colonization of the residues of diverse plant speciea by Gibberella zeae and their contribution to Fusarium head blight inoculum. Plant Dis. 92:800-807. Perez, C., Dill-Macky, R. and Kinkel, L.L. 2007. Management of soil microbial communities to enhance populations of Fusarium graminearum-antagonists in soil. Plant Soil. 302:53-69. Pryor, S.W., D.M. Gibson, G.C. Bergstrom, and L.P. Walker. 2007. Minimization of between-well sample variance of antifungal activity using a high throughput screening microplate bioassay. BioTechniques 42:168-172. Doi 10.2144/000112328. Schmale, D. G. III, and G.C. Bergstrom. 2007. The aerobiology and population genetic structure of Gibberella zeae. Plant Health Progress DOI:10.1094/PHP-2007-0726-04-RV. Shin, S., Mackintosh, C.A., Lewis, J., Heinen, S.J., Radmer, L., Dill-Macky, R., Baldridge, G.D., Zeyen, R.J. and Muehlbauer, G.J. 2008. Transgenic wheat expressing a barley class II chitinase gene has enhances resistance against Fusarium graminearum. J. Exp. Bot., (doi:10.1093/jxb/ern103). Steffenson, B.J., Olivera, P., Roy, J.A., Jin, Y., Smith, K.P. and Muehlbauer, G.J. 2007. A walk on the wild side: mining wild wheat and barley collections for rust resistance genes. Aust. J. Agr. Res. 58:532-544. Sun, Y., Zhong, S., Steffenson, B.J., Friesen, T.L. and Neate, S.M. 2007. Amplified fragment length polymorphism and virulence polymorphism in Puccinia hordei. Can. J. Plant Pathol. 29:25-34. Tsilo, T.J., Jin, Y. and Anderson, J.A. 2007. Microsatellite markers linked to stem rust resistance allele Sr9a in wheat. Crop Sci. 47:2013-2020. Tsilo, T.J., Jin, Y. and Anderson, J.A. 2008. Diagnostic microsatellite markers for detection of stem rust resistance gene Sr36 in diverse genetic backgrounds of wheat. Crop Sci. 48:253-261. Zhang, X., Jin, Y., Rudd, J.C. and Bockelman, H.E. 2008. New Fusarium head blight resistant germplasm identified in the USDA National Small Grains Collection. Crop Sci. 48:223-235. Zhong, S. and Steffenson, B.J. 2007. Molecular karyotyping and chromosome length polymorphism in Cochliobolus sativus. Mycol. Res. 111:78-86. Abstracts Atkinson, L. M., C. R. Hollingsworth, J. E. Larsen, D. A. Samac, C. D. Motteberg, and I. V. MacRae. 2007. Aster yellows incidence and distribution within commercial small grains fields in Minnesota. Phytopathology 97:S5. Burlakoti, R.R., Ali, S. , Secor, G.A., Neate, S.M., McMullen, M., and Adhikari, T. 2007. Genetic relationships among populations of Fusarium graminearum from cereal and non-cereal hosts. Phytopathology 97:S15. Burlakoti, R.R., Ali, S., Secor, G.A., Neate, S.M., McMullen, M., and Adhikari, T. 2007. Impact of cereal and non-cereal hosts on trichothecene producing genotypes of Fusarium graminearum. Phytopathology 97:S15. Hollingsworth, C. R. and C. D. Motteberg. 2007. Quality, yield, and economic outcomes of six hard red spring wheat cultivars in the Red River Valley of Minnesota. Phytopathology 97:S161. Hollingsworth, C. R. and L. M. Atkinson. 2007. Responses of five commercial spring wheat cultivars to early infection with phytoplasmas known to cause aster yellows. Phytopathology 97:S161. Hollingsworth, C. R., D. A. Samac, and L. M. Atkinson. 2007. Phoma sclerotioides confirmed as a pathogen of winter wheat and its distribution in northwest Minnesota. Phytopathology 97:S161. Horevaj, P., Milus, E. A., Gale, L. R., and Kistler, H. C. 2007. Resistance in soft red winter wheat lines to deoxynivalenol and nivalenol chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum. Phytopathology 97S:48. McMullen, M. 2007 3-ADON and 15-ADOn associations with DON grain concentrations, Fusarium head blight (FHB) susceptibility, and fungicide treatment, ND 2005. Phytopathology 97:S162. Motteberg, C. D., C. R. Hollingsworth, L. M. Atkinson, and D. L. Holen. 2007. Economic outcomes of disease management strategies on twelve hard red spring wheat cultivars in the Red River Valley of Minnesota. Phytopathology 97:S80. Nita, M., DeWolf, E., Madden, L., Paul, P., Shaner, G., Adhikari, T., Ali, S., Stein, J. and Osborne, L. 2007. Integrated management of Fusarium head blight (FHB) and deoxynivalenol contamination. Phytopathology 97:S85. Paul, P. A., Lipps, P. E., Hershman, D. E., McMullen, M. P., Draper, M. A., and Madden, L. V. 2007. Relative efficacy of triazole-based fungicides for Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol control in wheat. Phytopathology 97:S90. Paul, P.A., Lipps, P.E., Hershman, D.E., McMullen, M.P., Draper, M.A., and Madden, L V. 2007. Relative efficacy of triazole-based fungicides for Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol control in wheat. Phytopathology 97:S90. Proceedings Agostinelli, A., C. Clark, and D. VanSanford. 2007. Air separation and digital photo analysis as novel method to measure the percentage of Fusarium damaged kernals. Pages 161-162, IN: Proceedings of the 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Dec 2-4, 2007, Kansas City, MO. Bergstrom, G.C., and D.G. Schmale. 2007. Aerobiology of Gibberella zeae: Whence come the spores for Fusarium head blight? Pages 70-71 in Proc. 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, The Westin Crown Center, Kansas City, Missouri, December 2-4, 2007. Hollingsworth, C. R., Motteberg, C. D., Holen, D. L., and Atkinson, L. M. 2007. Understanding practical outcomes from implementing FHB management strategies on spring wheat. Pages 96-97. In: Proceedings National Fusarium head blight Forum. S. Canty, A. Clark, D. Ellis, and D. Van Sanford eds. 2-4 Dec. 2007 Kansas City, MO. Michigan State Univ. East Lansing, MI. Hollingsworth, C. R., Skoglund, L. G., Cooper, D. B., Motteberg, C. D., and Atkinson, L. M. 2007. Outcomes of using integrated FHB management strategies on malting barley cultivars and germplasm in Minnesota. Pages 94-95. In: Proceedings National Fusarium head blight Forum. S. Canty, A. Clark, D. Ellis, and D. Van Sanford eds. 2-4 Dec. 2007 Kansas City, MO. Michigan State Univ. East Lansing, MI. Horevaj, P., Milus, E. A., Gale, L. R., and Kistler, H. C. 2007. Resistance of winter wheat lines to deoxynivalenol and nivalenol chemotypes of Fusarium graminearum. Pages 183-187 in: Proceedings of the 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Hovmøller, M. S., and Milus, E. A. 2007. Ny aggressive gulrust har spredt sig over det meste af verden  kommer det til Danmark? Planteknongres 2007. Keller, M.D., K.D. Duttweiler, D.G. Schmale, and G.C. Bergstrom. 2007. Contribution of within-field inoculum sources to Fusarium head blight in wheat. Page 98 in Proc. 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, The Westin Crown Center, Kansas City, Missouri, December 2-4, 2007. McMullen, M. 2007. Experiences in reducing disease and DON through components of FHB management. Pages 102-103 in: Proc. 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. Dec. 2-4, 2007, Kansas City, Kansas. US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI. McMullen, M. 2007. Integrated strategies for FHB management, a Northern Great Plains perspective. 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US Wheat and Barley Scab Initiative, Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI. Milus, E. A., Hovmøller, M. S., and Kristensen, K. 2007. Aggressiveness: A biologically significant characteristic of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. USDA Cereal Rust Workshop. St. Paul, MN. Mundell, N., D. Hershman, C. Lee, and D. VanSanford. 2007. Evaluation of FHB profiles of advanced wheat breeding lines treated with a fungicide. Page 212, IN: Proceedings of the 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Dec 2-4,2007, Kansas City, MO. Nita, M., DeWolf, E., Madden, L., Paul, P., Shaner, G., Adhikari, T., Ali, S., Stein, J., Osborne, L., and Wegulo, S. 2007. Mechanistic simulation models for Fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol. Page 108 in: Proc. 2007 Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Kansas City, MO. Paul, P. A., L. V. Madden, M. P. McMullen, D. E. Hershman, L. Sweets, S. Wegulo, W. Bockus, S. Halley, and K. Ruden. 2007. An integrated approach to managing FHB and DON in wheat, Uniform Trials 2007. Pages 117-122, IN: Proceedings of the 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Dec 2-4, 2007, Kansas City, MO. Paul, P. A., Madden, L. V., Wegulo, S., Adhikari, T., Ali, S., and De Wolf, E. 2007. Influence of SRWW, HRSW, and HRWW varieties on the relationship between FHB and DON. Page 128 in: Proc. 2007 Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Kansas City, MO. Paul, P. A., P. E. Lipps, D. E. Hershman, M. P, McMullen, M. A. Draper, and L. V. Madden. 2007. A quantitative synthesis of the relative efficacy of triazole-based fungicides for FHB and DON control in wheat. Pages 115-116, IN: Proceedings of the 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Dec 2-4, 2007, Kansas City, MO. Paul, P. Madden, L, McMullen, M., Hershman, D., Brown-Rytlewski, D., Sweets, L., Adee, E., Bradley, C., Padgett, B., and Ruden, K. 2007. Fungicide effects on FHB and DON in wheat across multiple locations and wheat classes: Uniform fungicide trials 2007. Pages 123-127, In: Proceedings of the 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Kansas, City, MO. Paul, P., L. Madden, M. McMullen, D. Hershman, D. Brown-Rytlewski, L. Sweets, E. Adee, C. Bradley, B. Padgett and K. Ruden. 2007. Fungicide effects on FHB and DON in wheat across multiple locations and wheat classes: uniform fungicide trials 2007. Proceedings of the 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. December 2-4, 2007. Kansas City, Missouri. pp.123-127. Paul, P., L. Madden, M. McMullen, D. Hershman, L. Sweets, S. Wegulo W. Bockus, S. Halley and K. Ruden. 2007. An integrated approach to managing FHB and DON in wheat: uniform trials 2007. Proceedings of the 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. December 2-4, 2007. Kansas City, Missouri. pp. 117-122. Paul, P., Lipps, P., Hershman, D., McMullen, M., Draper, M., and Madden, L. 2007. A Quantitative synthesis of the relative efficacy of triazole-based fungicides for FHB and DON control in wheat. Pages 115-116 in: Proc. 2007 Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Kansas City, MO. Salgado, J. D., Broders, G., Madden, L., and Paul, P. 2007. Characterization of DON accumulation in SRWW cultivars with different levels of type II resistance to FHB. Page 137 in: Proc. 2007 Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Kansas City, MO. Sneller, C., Paul, P., Herald, L., Sugerman, B., Johnston, A. 2007. Report on the 2006-2007 northern uniform winter wheat scab nurseries (NUWWSN and PNUWWSN). Pages 237-242 in: Proc. 2007 Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Kansas City, MO. Stein, J. M., Osborne, L. E., Neate, S., and Hollingsworth, C. 2007. Environmental factors influencing FHB severity and DON in barley. Page 140. In: Proceedings National Fusarium head blight Forum. S. Canty, A. Clark, D. Ellis, and D. Van Sanford eds. 2-4 Dec. 2007 Kansas City, MO. Michigan State Univ. East Lansing, MI. Wallhead, M., Madden, L., and Paul, P. 2007. Differential sensitivity to triazole-based Fungicides among Isolates of Fusarium graminearum. Page 141 in: Proc. 2007 Natl. Fusarium Head Blight Forum, Kansas City, MO. Yuen, G. L., C.C. Jochum, K. R. Ruden, J. Morgan, B. H. Bleakley and L. E. Sweets. 2007. Results from the 2007 standardized evaluation of biological agents for the control of Fusarium head blight on wheat and barley. Proceedings of the 2007 National Fusarium Head Blight Forum. December 2-4, 2007. Kansas City, Missouri. pp. 153-157. Technical Reports Motteberg, C. D., B. Potter, C. R. Hollingsworth, and L. M. Atkinson. 2007. Efficacy of fungicides in controlling Fusarium head blight on hard red spring wheat in Minnesota, 2006. Plant Disease Management Reports 1:CF020. McMullen, M., Jordahl, J., and Meyer, S. 2007. Evaluation of fungicides for reduction of Fusarium head blight and DON in wheat, 2006. Online: Plant Dis. Management Rpts 1:CF011. McMullen, M., Meyer, S., and Jordahl, J. 2007. Evaluation of fungicides for reduction of Fusarium head blight and DON in barley, 2006. Online: Plant Dis. Management Rpts 1:CF010. Extension Publications/Newsletters Bradley, C. A. 2007. Using the Fusarium head blight risk assessment tool to help make fungicide application decisions for wheat. Illinois Pest Management and Crop Development Bulletin issue no. 5. Bradley, K. W., L. E. Sweets, W. C. Bailey, J. A. Kendig, and J. A. Wrather. 2007. 2007 Missouri pest management guide. University of Missouri Extension publication M171. Hofman, V., S. Halley, G. Van Ee, C. Hollingsworth, M. McMullen, and B. Ruden. 2007. Aerial application of fungicide for the suppression of Fusarium head blight in small grains. North Dakota State University Extension Service AE-1327. Hollingsworth, C. 2007. Fungicide on wheat: To spray or not to spray? Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota. Online. http://nwroc.umn.edu/Cropping_issues/2007/Issue4/06_12_07_no2.htm Hollingsworth, C. 2007. Fungicide registrations for managing Fusarium head blight in Minnesota. Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota. Online. http://nwroc.umn.edu/Cropping_issues/NWCI_past.htm Hollingsworth, C. 2007. Its been a quiet week in Lake Diseasebegon. Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota. Online. http://nwroc.umn.edu/Cropping_issues/2007/Issue8/07_10_07.htm Hollingsworth, C. 2007. Minnesota Fusarium head blight (scab) epidemic risk forecasting website. Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota. Online. http://nwroc.umn.edu/Cropping_issues/2007/Issue3/06_05_07_no6.htm Hollingsworth, C. 2007. Small grain disease outlook: Commentary from June 18. Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota. Online. http://nwroc.umn.edu/Cropping_issues/2007/Issue5/06_19_07_no3.htm Hollingsworth, C. 2007. Small grain disease risk: July 2 update. Cropping Issues in Northwest Minnesota. Online. http://nwroc.umn.edu/Cropping_issues/2007/Issue7/07_03_07.htm Hollingsworth, C. 2008. Fungicide registrations for managing cereal diseases in Minnesota. Cropping Issues in NW Minn. 5.1:1-2. Online. Hollingsworth, C. 2008. Its decision time for spring wheat producers. Cropping Issues in NW Minn. 5.2:1,4. Online. Hollingsworth, C. 2008. Minnesotas Fusarium head blight epidemic risk forecasting system. Prairie Grains 93: 46-48. Hollingsworth, C. 2008. Scab epidemic risk forecasting system in action. Prairie Grains 93: 46-47. Hollingsworth, C. Motteberg, C., Holen, D., and Atkinson, L. 2008. On-Farm disease management trials of spring wheat in the Red River Valley. Prairie Grains 92: 29-31. Hollingsworth, C., C. Motteberg, L. Atkinson, and D. Holen. 2007. 2006 Red River Valley on-farm disease management trials. On-Farm Cropping Trials, Northwest and West Central Minnesota. Online. Hollingsworth, C., C. Motteberg, L. Atkinson, and D. Holen. 2007. On-farm disease management trials of spring wheat in the Red River Valley. Prairie Grains 85:39. Jim Beuerlein, Pierce Paul, and Dennis Mills - Selecting a Wheat Variety for the 2008 Crop. C.O.R.N 2007-24. Jim Beuerlein, Pierce Paul, Ron Hammond, Robert Mullen, and Edwin Lentz - Evaluating the 2007 Wheat Crop. C.O.R.N 2007-2. Pierce Paul and Dennis Mill - Barley Yellow Dwarf (BYDV) in Wheat. C.O.R.N 2007-14. Pierce Paul and Dennis Mill - Conditions not Favorable for Foliar Disease Development. C.O.R.N 2007-13. Pierce Paul and Dennis Mill - It is Tine to Start Scouting for Wheat Diseases. C.O.R.N 2007-11. Pierce Paul and Dennis Mill - Managing Wheat Diseases with Fungicides. C.O.R.N 2007-12. Pierce Paul and Dennis Mill - Risk of Head Scab Low. C.O.R.N 2007-14. Pierce Paul and Dennis Mill - Wheat Scab Risk Prediction 2007. C.O.R.N 2007-9. Pierce Paul and Dennis Mills - Problems with Planting Wheat After Wheat or Wheat After Corn. C.O.R.N 2007-29. Pierce Paul and Dennis Mills - Wheat Seed Treatment. C.O.R.N 2007-30. Pierce Paul, Dennis Mills and Jim Beuerlein - Brown and Yellow Discoloration of Wheat Plants. C.O.R.N 2007-39. Pierce Paul, Jim Beuerlein, and Dennis Mills - March Wheat Crop Update. C.O.R.N 2007-6. Ron Hammond, Pierce Paul, and Bruce Eisley - Wheat, Aphids, and Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV). C.O.R.N 2007-35. Ron Hammond, Pierce Paul, Bruce Eisley, and Andy Michel - Update on Spraying Aphids for Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus. C.O.R.N 2007-39. Sweets, L. E. Evaluate winter wheat seed quality prior to planting. Integrated Pest and Crop Management Newsletter 17(13). Sweets, L. E. Field crop disease observations- May 14, 2007. Integrated Pest and Crop Management Newsletter 17(9). Sweets, L. E. Foliage diseases of winter wheat and their management. Integrated Pest and Crop Management Newsletter 17(7). Sweets, L. E. Foliar fungicides labeled for use on winter wheat. Integrated Pest and Crop Management Newsletter 17(7). Sweets, L. E. Fusarium head blight or scab of wheat. Integrated Pest and Crop Management Newsletter 17(9). Sweets, L. E. Seed treatment fungicides labeled for use on winter wheat. Integrated Pest and Crop Management Newsletter 17(13). Sweets, L. E. Stand problems in winter wheat. Integrated Pest and Crop Management Newsletter 17(21). Sweets, L. E. Wheat diseases. Integrated Pest and Crop Management Newsletter 17(8). Sweets, L. E. Check winter wheat fields for virus diseases. Integrated Pest and Crop Management Newsletter 17(4).