Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

NC-213 Executive Committee Meeting The Hilton Omaha Hotel, Omaha, Nebraska. February 26, 2008 The Chair, Charlene Wolf-Hall, distributed copies of the agenda and called the meeting to order at 12:18 p.m. Andersons Grant Program  Eligibility Bill Koshar distributed the current criteria as listed for regular grants and team competition, and the Appendix E list of members from NIMSS. It was noted that this eligibility rule can be determined by this group. He said that the definition of "having a report" has been that the person's name appears anywhere on the list of contributors to the most recent NC-213 annual report (this is significant because some universities submit one report with multiple names, while others submit multiple reports). Herrman stated that previous discussions about the eligibility requirements had highlighted the benefit of including investigators who were not members of NC-213 as a good way to recruit new members. These issues were discussed and the following three suggestions for the eligibility requirement were proposed: Require that only the "lead" or "a principal" investigator need be a current NC-213 member. Any member of the grant team can be in NIMSS, and any one member must have a current annual report. Require that the "senior" team member be in NIMSS and have a current annual report. It was agreed the wording should be "one of the principle investigators" in both sentences; this will be recommended and voted on at the business meeting. The proposed wording is: To be eligible for the Andersons Research Grant Program one of the principal investigators must be a current member of Multistate Research Project NC-213, Management of Grain Quality and Security in World Markets. In addition, one of the principal investigators must have a current report included in the Annual Report of Progress. Finally it was also noted that to be an official NC-213 member listed in NIMSS, university researchers must obtain approval from their Agricultural Experiment Station. Submission of Annual Report/SAES Annual Report Bill Koshar stated this report will be required 60 days after the annual meeting. The project coordinators office will contact the executive committee when required (the research to be reported will encompass all 5 years; accomplishments and impacts will be required). It was mentioned that this is very similar or identical to some of the information that was in the rewrite, so the rewrite may provide a good starting point for this report. Rewrite At the behest of the Chair, Mike Montross was recognized by the group for doing the lion's share of the work on the rewrite. The rewrite has been submitted and we're waiting for the response, which should come in late March or early April. The Chair stated that we need to select new Objective Co Chairs for the three objectives following the rewrite. The three new objectives are: to characterize quality attributes and develop systems to measure quality of cereals, oilseeds, and bioprocess co-products. to develop methods to maintain quality, capture value, and preserve food safety at key points in the harvest to end product value chain to quantify and disseminate the impact of market-chain technologies on providing high value, food-safe, and bio-secure grains for global markets and bioprocess industries. The following individuals were suggested as possible Co-Chairs and will be recommended for consideration at the business meeting: David Jackson  for either objective 1 or 2 Charlie Hurburgh  for objective 3 K. M. Lee, for objective 1 Charlene Wolf-Hall  for objective 2 Mike Montross  for objective 2 Richard Stroshine  for objective 1 Leland McKinney  for objective 2 Linda Mason  for objective 2 Brian Adam  for objective 3 Bill Koshar said that Co-Chairs are currently running 5-year terms rather than 2-year terms. Finding Individuals for the Industry Panel Discussion Koshar stated that previously the Administrator has communicated with the Chair of the Industry Advisory Committee to identify panel members for the discussion time. There were suggestions that we seek panel names earlier and advertise them to create greater interest in the annual meeting and that someone should be designated to coordinate identifying panel members. It was suggested that Jim Stitzlein, and likely anyone else serving as the Industry Advisory Committee Chair, would be ideal for identifying and attracting quality panel members. All agreed that this is a good role for the Industry Advisory Committee Chair. The Administrator's office will see that this is implemented. Bill Koshar will update the responsibility list after this meeting and will update his NC-213 timeline so this gets done. There was discussion that the Industry Advisory Committee list should be updated (since some on the list are not active). Someone will check to see if Jim Stitzlein wants to rotate off as Chair of the Industry Advisory Committee. There was a suggestion that we will need to address the Grain Elevator and Processing Society (GEAPS) and the Wheat Quality Council (WQC) separately to get a representative from each group when we meet with them. Dirk Maier, Joe Needham, and Jim Stitzlein will work with GEAPS and WQC to designate individuals from each. NC213 Report of Progress There was discussion about modifying the format of the NC-213 Progress Report to simplify preparation by scientists. It was suggested that we keep the format similar to CRIS reports  at least that we have similar headings to facilitate cut-and-paste preparation. A question was raised about whether this book is necessary since it is just a duplicate of CRIS reports. It was mentioned that the book format provides the opportunity to include additional information that is not in the CRIS reports. Koshar indicated the current headings were put in place to achieve consistency between reports from the different stations. It was agreed that the format would be changed to match CRIS reports as much as possible. There was another suggestion that the Administrators office get the report information directly from station representative CRIS reports, after they have been entered in the system. It was decided that this is not feasible because many CRIS reports would be posted too late for inclusion in the Progress Report due to experiment station in-house processes. And it was decided this should also be discussed at the business meeting. Impact Statement review It was announced that NC-213 will most likely be asked by the NCRA Directors office to provide an Impact Statement Form for the past year. Koshar distributed (1) an example at the request of Bill Ravlin that showed good evidence of impact (from Purdue University) and (2) the form that will be needed for submitting impact statements. Summer Conference in Chicago Maier will provide an update at the business meeting tomorrow. Maier requested more participation from NC-213 participants (few NC-213 participants have submitted anything currently). He requested people submit abstracts or posters and nominate industry participants. He noted there are still a couple of open keynote slots that could have speakers to address grain quality, food safety, supply-chain management, etc. NC-213 Annual Meeting  2009 Following the current rotation, the 2009 Annual Meeting will be held in conjunction with WQC in Kansas City in the usual hotel, in the usual room. The WQC date is tentatively set for February 17-19, 2009. Maier requested that we try to arrange our schedule to encourage interaction with WQC; thus, we should allow for us attending some of their sessions. The same need to schedule carefully and encourage interaction is true for GEAPS. It was mentioned that this requires early planning. We will vote on this date and location at the business meeting. Officer Elections Kells will have names of candidates before the business meeting tomorrow. Meeting Adjourned. NC-213Business Meeting Annual Meeting February 27, 2008 The Hilton Omaha hotel. Omaha, Nebraska. The Chair, Charlene Wolf-Hall, called the meeting to order at 11:48 a.m. and requested that the meeting attendees introduce themselves. Everyone graciously complied. Andersons Grant Program  Eligibility The Chair announced that the executive committee was proposing a change in the eligibility requirements for the Andersons Grant Program. The secretary read the proposed new eligibility statement, To be eligible for the Andersons Research Grant Program one of the principal investigators must be a current member of Multistate Research Project NC-213, Management of Grain Quality and Security in World Markets. In addition, one of the principal investigators must have a current report included in the Annual Report of Progress. which changes the wording to say "one of the principal investigators" in both sentences in place of the previous wording that all principal investigators needed to meet the two requirements. There was a brief discussion where it was clarified that a member is defined as someone who contributes to the project as listed in the Appendix E information list of NIMSS. This motion from the executive committee was unanimously approved. Submission of Annual Report/SAES Annual Report The Chair announced that this required annual report will include accomplishments and impacts of research from the just-completed five-year period, some of which may be available from the recently completed rewrite. Koshar stated that he will contact the executive committee for the needed information when it is required. Rewrite The Chair thanked Mike Montross for doing the lion's share of the work on the rewrite. A plaque recognizing this major contribution was received by Sam McNeill on behalf of Mike Montross. The Chair stated the rewrite has been submitted and we are waiting for the response, which is expected in late March or early April. The Chair informed the group that we need to select new Objective Co-Chairs for the three objectives defined in the rewrite: to characterize quality attributes and develop systems to measure quality of cereals, oilseeds, and bioprocess co-products. to develop methods to maintain quality, capture value, and preserve food safety at key points in the harvest to end product value chain to quantify and disseminate the impact of market-chain technologies on providing high value, food-safe, and bio-secure grains for global markets and bioprocess industries. The following names were put forward by the executive committee as potential co-chairs: David Jackson  for either objective 1 or 2 Charlie Hurburgh  for objective 3 K. M. Lee, for objective 1 Charlene Wolf-Hall  for objective 2 Mike Montross  for objective 2 Richard Stroshine  for objective 1 Leland McKinney  for objective 2 Linda Mason  for objective 2 Brian Adam  for objective 3 The Chair read the responsibilities of the co-chairs from the NC-213 responsibilities list. Each objective is chaired by two co-chairs. Each co-chair is elected for a two-year term. Co-chairs can be reelected for consecutive terms. Organize and moderate oral reporting sessions for their objectives at the Annual meeting. Facilitate revisions to their objectives in NC-213 five year work plan. Serve on Executive Committee. Coordinate communications between administrators and members of that objective team. Participate in Executive Committee meetings, contributing to decisions involving organizational, policy, and meeting topics (Annual meeting and Summer workshop). Forward news items to the Project Coordinator as researchers in respective stations identify them. Each Objective Chair will provide at least one item per year for the newsletter, either his or her own work or a report from someone else within the objective. Serve on the Andersons Grant Review Committee unless a conflict of interest exists. The following four individuals agreed to be nominated for objective co-chairs and were unanimously approved: Objective 1  David Jackson Objective 2  Leland McKinney, Charlene Wolf-Hall Objective 3  Brian Adam Charlene Wolf-Hall will follow up to confirm two other people to complete the slate of objective co-chairs. Leading candidates are Dr. K. M. Lee from Texas A&M for Objective 1, and Dr. Charlie Hurburgh from Iowa State University for Objective 3. Industry Panel Discussion Group and Industry Advisory Committee The Chair shared a suggestion from the executive committee that we select someone to coordinate the panel selection each year and that it should be the Industry Advisory Committee Chair, currently Jim Stitzlein. Everyone agreed that Jim is the ideal coordinator for this discussion group. Koshar said the Coordinators Office will see that this gets done. He will update the responsibility list and update his NC-213 timeline. The Chair also indicated that Dirk Maier, Joe Needham, and Jim Stitzlein have been designated to work on updating the Industry Advisory Committee members. Meeting Sessions Format Stephen Kells suggested we try a new format that might better attract GEAPS, WQC, or other industry group to our sessions. In this format, the speakers give a condensed version of their presentation first; an audience-oriented 3 to 5-slide presentation that primarily tells why their work is important. It may be possible to record this talk and put it on the website, where it would be comparable to a written summary. This is easy for the speakers because we already have the slides. Kells stated that he has done this successfully with research summaries for the pest control Industry. Stroshine commented that we also need to provide press release type information for advertising. Hellevang stated that a key to this format is to explain why it's important and how the listener can apply it. Maier recommended that as incoming Chair, Kells should run with this new format next year as a pilot project. There were no objections. NC213 Report of Progress The Chair announced that the executive committee has agreed that the Annual Report format would be changed to match CRIS reports as much as possible. In particular, all the CRIS headings should be included. It was mentioned that many CRIS reports get posted too late by the experiment stations for the project coordinators office to be able retrieve them on time. Thus, the annual reports will still have a submission deadline to the coordinators office. Impact Statement review Koshar stated this is a heads-up for this upcoming report for the NCRA Directors office. He distributed (1) an example provided by Bill Ravlin that showed good evidence of impact (from Purdue University) and (2) the form that will be needed for submitting impact statements. Summer Conference in Chicago Maier reminded the group of the 2008 International Grain Quality and Technology Congress scheduled for July 15  18 in Chicago, Illinois and requested participation of NC-213 members. He suggested members submit abstracts, posters, and nominations for industry participation. He indicated that NC-213 submissions are lacking so far. He explained that it is a combination of two previous conferences, the 2004 International quality Grains Conference (sponsored by NC-213) and the 2005 New Frontiers in Grain Quality Technology and Informatics national round table, and is also designed to attract participants from another conference  the International Wheat Quality Conference, held three times previously in Kansas. The format of the meeting will have scientific presentations in the morning and industry presentations in the afternoon. He mentioned that our previous conference (IQGC) was very successful with over 200 participants and stated that "we" can make this one successful also. NC-213 Annual Meeting  2009 The 2009 Annual Meeting will be held in conjunction with the Wheat Quality Council (WQC) in Kansas City, tentatively scheduled for February 17-19, 2009. Our schedule will be arranged to interact better with WQC. Their schedule normally has one-half day (usually Wednesday afternoon) covering research and that would be of interest to us. The incoming Chair, Steve Kells, will work with Koshar to get the schedule arranged properly. This meeting date, location, and format were agreed to in a unanimous vote. Officer Elections Leland McKinney was nominated for the secretary position, accepted, and unanimously elected. . Meeting Adjourned. Minutes submitted by Mark Casada, NC-213 Secretary.

Objective 1: Develop practices and technologies to support quality management systems for production, distribution, processing, utilization of quality grains and oilseeds. All Grains Creation of an object oriented grain handling system software package will now enable elevator operators to test the flexibility of their current facility or create their ideal grain handling facility with all its equipment in a simple click and drag type format. Additionally, this approach holds the future potential for a grain company (or merging companies) to link multiple individual elevator facility models together and evaluate the optimization of combined system network resources. Asian customers are clearly happy to have the survey and bring the results. Sales have been made because of this customer focus. Processors are gradually instituting component pricing systems. Producers, grain elevators, and processors have more definitive testing procedures for selecting corn and/or sorghum hybrids best suited for nixtamalization (alkaline cooking) for tortillas and snack chips. These selections are best made knowing the geographic location of the source grain. All players in the marketing chain can use this information to maximize income; processors can select gain that minimizes process waste and maximizes end product quality. Source verification has been successfully applied to identity preserved products  those that are physically isolated throughout the market system. However, it also increasingly applies to documentation in bulk commodity markets. Grain markets have traditionally handled interchangeable average quality commodities. Biotechnology, food safety and bio-security concerns, and new consumer perceptions are converging to create a grain market need for source verification and the associated quality management and product purity certification systems. Source verification and assurance certification is already changing the mindset of the food supply chain. Food safety and bio-security concerns have resulted in more scrutiny of all food products and have greatly increased the willingness of food processors, manufacturers and retailers to implement ingredient tracking systems. The requirement of only one instrument model in a given trading system may be eliminated, which will reduce testing costs, and provide incentives for new technology development. True calibrations (beyond correlations) will have a major impact on genetic screening programs for secondary factors, by identifying unique samples that would have otherwise been missed. Calibration monitoring systems can be simplified, and the cost of calibration maintenance can be reduced by more effective targeting of truly unique or independent samples. Corn and Corn Products, including Ethanol Corn growers can better identify corn hybrids best suited for dry milling and extrusion processing and have improved their profitability. Expansion of this research to include the eastern Corn Belt and sorghum, and examining wet milling and alkaline processing in collaboration with colleagues from ARS and UNL will result in similar benefits. Ethanol production is influenced by numerous variables. Comparing the effects of agronomic, hybrid, drying and storage practices on ethanol yield will result in better decision making tools for producers and processors. Wheat and Wheat Products Durum cultivars seem to differ in their susceptibility to kernel bleaching and to loss of vitreousness due to absorption of moisture after maturity. Research has identified strong resistance factors in the bran layer (possibly also the germ and aleurone layers) of different varieties. For varieties that will meet current market requirements for certified organic wheat and seed growers, these factors will be important in guiding breeders who service this market and in guiding growers who must maximize non-synthetic chemical protection of their commodity during storage. Durum wheat exposed to 90% relative humidity or incubated as wet spikes lost kernel vitreousness. Vitreousness is a very important quality factor. These results indicate that exposure to high humidity or damp conditions including high humidity can cause vitreous kernel content to decline below 80%. The inability to sell or to sell at severe discounts is of economic concern to the durum producer. NC-213 Researchers found a better understanding of wheat flour quality in relation to end-use products. In addition, the use of TG will potentially allow (1) bakers to use weaker flour to produce satisfactory baked products, and (2) millers to provide more consistent flour quality to bakers in spite of environmental growing factors. There are small differences among current U.S. varieties of wheat, but research has led to the increased investigation of these traits by breeders. For many decades, wheat breeding programs have focused on field characteristics. Varieties released and published literature indicates no consideration has been given to postharvest issues other than end-use qualities. These strategies become more important as Rhyzopertha dominica seems more frequently encountered farther and farther north, due to its increasing its range through commerce and possibly through hypothesized wind-borne dispersion. Data indicate that the association between bleached kernels and low carotenoid pigment content is probably due to enhanced lipid oxidation promoted by rehydration of kernels during damp conditions. Lutein content declined during kernel desiccation. Lutein is important for aesthetic quality and also for healthfulness of durum wheat and durum wheat based products. Lutein has been shown to protect humans against age degenerative diseases such as macular degeneration, cataracts, and certain cancers. Thus, research directed towards the enhancement of carotenoid pigment content will improve the aesthetic and nutritional quality of durum wheat produced in the US. The knowledge gained by this research will eventually contribute to increased economic opportunities for producers and food manufacturers by improving quality and increasing value of durum wheat and its end-use products. Results from a corroborative study will enable for laboratory measurements of maize quality to provide the variance structure of within and between laboratories as well as hybrids. This study may assist in establishing universal standard test procedures and data interpretation to help future research and industry partners. Soybeans Through demonstrations of several new applications for NIR, and the determination that the very high-speed diode array technology could make large increases in measurement capabilities. The fatty acid application will be necessary to support marketing of modified soybeans that produce oil which will remove the need for trans-fat producing hydrogenation. Producing soy protein fractions rich in either of the two major proteins (glycinin and beta-conglycinin) is key to delivering healthier and better performing soy protein products. Work has been complete with commercial companies to adopt this simple process. GSSP has the potential to be a very effective means of identity preserving soybeans during their processing, Unlike alternative processes, little protein denaturation occurs during oil recovery and the meal can be used to produce organic or certifiable non-GMO soy protein ingredients for which customers in Europe and Asia are willing to pay premium prices. U.S. processors could again become a preferred source of food-grade soybean meal. GFP containing corn enables rapid evaluation of new corn fractionation procedures. Some of the new fractionation procedures being developed may be suitable for on-farm use reducing the risk of contaminating commodity corn with unapproved transgenics. The collaborative study on wet-milling identifies laboratories and protocols that are effective in discriminating corn lines with superior wet-milling characteristics. This will enable corn breeders to develop value-enhanced corn for the wet milling industry. Other Grains The new sorghums are especially important as a new grain for use in gluten free and ethnic foods. The high levels of tannins in special sorghums have led to effective use of special sorghum bran fractions as preservatives products with high levels of antioxidants. Objective 2: Develop basic knowledge, science-based performance standards, and technologies that promote crop quality, food security and food safety in grain markets. Corn and Corn Products, including Ethanol Extractable starch is a highly important indicator of corn value. By selecting corn varieties with high extractable starch combined with low to moderate heat drying methods, higher extractable starch corn can be obtained with an estimated increase in value of 4-6 cents per bushel per percentage point of extractable starch. Rapid measurement of the products of ethanol fermentation potentially could improve process conversion efficiencies. Corn growers can better identify corn hybrids best suited for dry milling and extrusion processing and have improved their profitability. Expansion of this research to include examining wet milling and alkaline processing in collaboration with colleagues from ARS and UNL will result in similar benefits. U.S. ethanol production capacity was 4.4 billion gallons per year in February of 2006 and reached 7 billion gallons by the end of 2007, creating a huge surplus of DDGS. Value of DDGS can be improved by modified processes that reduce fiber and increase protein, but rapid measurement and monitoring of fermentation processes and variability in DDGS quality is needed. Ability to rapidly measure and monitor liquefaction and fermentation processes and variability in DDGS quality is needed. Research resulted in the improved quality consistency of DDGS especially with respect to better flowable product during processing, handling, transport and storage. In general, the results will be used to develop quality assurance protocols for DDGS co-products that will guide ethanol plant managers on what to monitor and how to improve the quality of their DDGS during production. Because of DDGS particle heterogeneity and particle segregation during bulk handling, it is recommended that a standard bulk sampling protocol be used industry wide in order to obtain representative samples from bulk DDGS and thus reduce variability due to poor sampling. Appropriate sampling of DDGS bulk is a first step to reducing the variability in DDGS currently seen in the industry. The effect of process variables (CDS and WDG co-products blending ratios and drying) on the bulk physical and chemical composition of DDGS that was shown will be used in developing quantitative predictive models that would serve as rapid analyses tools for either product quality control or evaluating potential handling risks when shipping product. The standard loss on drying methods (gravimetric methods) investigated showed the variability of various standard moisture losses on drying methods compared to the standard Karl Fischer method for moisture determination. A less rigorous moisture loss on drying method that used the Thermo-balance (drying 1 g sample at 105oC for about 5 min), an instrument commonly available in fuel ethanol plants gave the least variability among all the methods evaluated and was recommended as the most appropriate for DDGS. Quantification of kernel properties will document the variations in the properties that have developed and should facilitate assessment of whether these differences could have an impact upon certain aspects of processing. It may also identify hybrids with specific traits that are particularly desirable for specific end uses. Finally, it should provide information that could help seed corn companies develop hybrids with desirable traits. The tests with samples dried with air at higher temperatures will help to elucidate the effect of high temperature drying on kernel characteristics. Soybeans The information gained from the producers of low linolenic soybeans is being used to create benchmarking metrics against which benefits of quality management systems with their associated traceability can be measured. Other Grain Uses Process modifications and/or use of modified grain substrates have potential to increase the production efficiency and economic viability of grain-based ethanol production systems. Food processors can use waxy wheat varieties, blends of waxy and non-waxy wheat varieties, or partially waxy wheats to obtain starches with the specific viscosity profile they desire, potentially allowing for the production of improved food and industrial products. Results have shown that FB1 products formed during extrusion are very probably less toxic than the parent FB1, resulting in lower toxicity of the extruded product and improving food safety. Large variation in hardness and other grain characteristics among barley classes and genotypes indicate the potential for the identification of genes or quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and of genetic markers for development of barley varieties possessing appropriate grain characteristics for food uses. Identification of grain hardness as a food use trait of barley and establishment of proper screening methods will also be beneficial for development of barley varieties suitable for processing and food uses. Storage Issues Reduced use of chemical insecticides should reduce grain storage costs and reduce potential harmful environmental and human health impacts from chemical insecticides. Although consumers and food processors express desires for reduced pesticide use in the food chain, agribusiness managers will not adopt Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices voluntarily unless their cost and effectiveness compare favorably with conventional chemical-based practices. An economic analysis comparing costs, benefits, and risks of IPM vs. conventional pest management practices is needed to determine if IPM is cost-effective for stored grain and grain processing functions, as well as to identify potential cost-savings for implementing IPM. Methodology developed should reduce the use of protectant insecticides on wheat stored in Montana, and has applicability to other regions of the northern Great Plains. This should create a more favorable climate for annual negotiation of international grain contracts, particularly when residual pesticides are an issue. The problem can be corrected by simple management practices such as applying aeration to cool and dry the grain mass. Results will help solve grain storage problems by applying an available technology that can detect spoilage before it gets out-of-hand. If spoilage is detected early by an increase in CO2 concentration Findings emphasize the fact that a fundamental understanding of an insects orientation to various factors is basic to modeling its dispersal and understanding the spatial distribution of its populations. The use of contour analysis in mapping trap catch to locate foci of infestation in buildings has proven effective, although anomalous results occasionally occur. It is expected that this research will lead to recommendations for storage bin equipment and for stored grain management that can be used to limit insect populations without the use of chemical insecticides. Reduced use of chemical insecticides should reduce grain storage costs and reduce potential harmful environmental and human health impacts from chemical insecticides. Contour maps of trap catch have proven to be powerful tools for communicating insect problems to management, maintenance, and sanitation personnel, and its use by pest control companies is increasing. The potential to reduce energy consumed for grain cooling is estimated at 25-50 percent. The greatest impact is the assurance of timely grain cooling and prevention of grain quality losses from deterioration and insect infestations. Results from NC-213 research may lead to the development of new insect pest management and temperature management strategies for stored wheat. The portable propane heat treatment systems provide low-cost, low-risk disinfestations of empty bins, while eliminating the concerns that arise with using chemicals. New sensors and related technological developments can provide increased accuracy for stored grain condition monitoring and help prevent grain quality losses. The decision support system (DSS) will assist grain elevator operators with resolving grain commingling problems. The computer simulation model will provide input to the DSS and will be a valuable tool to enable researchers and designers to gain a deeper understanding of the particle physics involved in grain commingling in elevator equipment that may lead to modifications and new designs that can be applied to mitigating unwanted commingling. Ozonation serves as a preventative strategy against insect infestation and at the same time reduces/eliminates the microbial load (fungal and bacterial spores), as well as guards against off-odors. NC-213 research shows there are many producers and handlers of food and feed grains (including conventional and organic food corn, wheat and barley) who will be interested in utilizing this new technology. There is a substantial interest in the application of ozone by the U.S. grain industry. Ozone is a powerful oxidant that has regulatory acceptance by the FDA (FDA 2001). EPAs MSDS defines it as pure air. Numerous beneficial applications have been developed, such as water treatment to disinfect and eliminate odors, taste, and color, as well as to remove pesticides, inorganic and organic compounds. Ozone (O3) is an allotrope of oxygen, which can be generated by electrical discharges in air. Ozone has a half-life of 20-50 min, and rapidly decomposes to diatomic oxygen, a natural component in the atmosphere. Because ozone can be easily generated at the treatment site using only electricity and air, it offers several safety advantages over other post-harvest treatments such as conventional pesticides. First, there are no stores of toxic chemicals, chemical mixing hazards, or disposal of left over insecticides or containers. Second, with a short half-life, it reverts back to naturally occurring oxygen. Third, if needed it would be possible to neutralize ozone through techniques such as thermal activated charcoal, as well as catalytic and chemical abatement. Research on the efficacy of ozone on insect mortality indicated 92-100% mortality of larvae of adult maize weevils (MW), Indianmeal moth (IMM) and adult red flour beetles (RFB) in infested corn when fumigated with 50 ppm ozone for three days. The same treatment also significantly reduced the viability of Aspergillus parasiticus Speare and other fungi on the kernel surface as well as removed off-odors from sour/musty grain. Data also indicated that repeated ozone treatments did not decrease the end use quality of grains. A number of grain producers and handlers have expressed interest in ozonation technology and generators are becoming commercially available for use. Preliminary tests have been performed by several commercial grain companies. Thus, the time is right to conduct replicated trials at commercial grain facilities that test the efficacy of ozonation for the control of pests and spoilage agents, and the removal of off-odors. Ozonation serves as a preventative strategy against insect infestation and at the same time reduces/eliminates the microbial load (fungal and bacterial spores), as well as guards against off-odors. Researchers believe there are many producers and handlers of food and feed grains (including conventional and organic food corn, wheat and barley) who will be interested in utilizing this new technology throughout the NC-213 Region. NC-213 researchers addressed a major concern of growers, handlers and processors regarding the contamination of high-value identity-preserved food and specialty grains (as well as conventional commodity grains and oilseeds) due to residual insect populations below the perforated floor (plenum) of corrugated steel farm bins (as well as tanks, silos and flat storage buildings at grain elevators). Heat treatment of processing facilities and other structures to kill stored product pests is a widely used pest control technique. Grain Microbiology Research focused to generate evidence of reduction in toxicity of fumonisin in corn by extrusion processing using a sensitive rat bioassay, produced evidence of reduction in toxicity of fumonisins in corn after extrusion processing with 10% added glucose. Some less toxic breakdown products were identified and there appeared to be lowered toxicity in rats. This helps to answer the question of whether the extrusion process actually destroys the toxins or simply masks them by causing reactions with the corn matrix and making them non-detectable but still toxic. There appears to be a reduction in toxicity, though further studies are in progress to confirm this. This will help to improve the safety of extruded corn-based foods for human food and for animal pet foods. A survey was developed to provide information for those interested in wheat quality and safety. This contributed to the process of determining appropriate microbial specifications for wheat and an understanding of how these microflora may relate to wheat quality and end use. The evaluation of ozone and hydrogen peroxide as a means to lower microbial loads and mycotoxin content may lead to a method that will add value and safety to portions of the wheat and barley crop. Made progress on development of safe, natural, biological antifungal preservatives for use in stored grain as a replacement for chemical fungicides. Through research, labs were able to demonstrate the feasibility of flaxseed as an antifungal agent. This also provided details about the antifungal activity of different varieties and that the stability was influenced by heat. The end result: Flaxseed could be useful as an antifungal agent in food with minimal heat application. Traceability and Systems Management The US grain industry is adapting to food safety, biosecurity, consumer right to know and other market pressures by instituting systems that will not only meet the needs but improve efficiency as well. Consumers and food retailers are demanding steps to verify that security and health risks are protected and that the food can be tracked to its source in the event of problems. Affluent consumers are willing to pay for such assurances, and the United States has an opportunity to convert what was thought to be a problem (differentiation) into a competitive advantage. NC-213 research proves that accurate traceability of bulk materials will increase compliance with bioterrorism regulations and improve brand protection. One incident, such as the Diamond Pet Food issue, can easily create tens of million of dollars or more in legal and sales loss costs. The work with the elevator demonstrated that ISO-compliant traceability systems generated net revenue (2-5 cents per bushel) from efficiencies and conformance to specifications, greatly in excess of costs. This means the traceability issue can be a business benefit rather than a cost. A company has reorganized its management structure to facilitate the ISO system. Three facilities are ISO certified, and six have private certification in preparation for ISO implementation. Internal auditor and quality manger jobs have been created. Site security and food security needs have been easily added to the ISO system. Results indicate a need for collaboration among researchers, hybrid seed companies, and milling industries to develop and improve the test procedures and carefully interpret the results during breeding programs to maximize the economic gains in the grain industry. Improving grain elevator testing and compliance with the TX Commercial Feed Control Act will enhance food safety and animal performance. An outcome of this traceability works will be the development of an affordable and verifiable system of tracking grain to its origin from any point in the grain handling system. Automated microscopy will enable the feed industry to rapidly identify contaminant through the use of new spectral technology. Objective: 3 Create and disseminate scientific knowledge that will enhance public confidence in market-driven quality management systems for grain. All Grains Through combined research efforts, the development of high speed detection and sorting technology to remove toxins from grain, and to sort breeder samples for significant attributes. Systems can process kernels from 1 to 1000 kernels/s. The developed methods to detect insect damaged wheat using an acoustic method and using computed tomography. Both of these methods have promise to inspect large samples very accurately. Also, the development of an NIR system capable of capturing NIR spectra from 900 to 1700nm on single grain kernels at rates up to 10 kernels/second was achieved. Corn and Corn Products Identified methods of measuring shelled corn storability using CO2 Test Kit (Woods End Research, Mt. Vernon, Maine), for measuring CO2 production (storability) of shelled corn; evaluated several rapid (< 15 min) tests that can be used together to provide a less precise but more rapid storability indication; and examined the correlations among the various tests used as storability indicators. Wheat and Wheat Products Evaluated Intrinsic end-use (milling and bread-baking) quality of about 1332 hard winter wheat breeding lines at the ARS Regional HWWQL so that breeders could select their lines based on intrinsic quality in addition to agronomical quality. Defined the influences of compositional characteristics, especially, amylose content, protein content, beta-glucans content and proanthocyanidin content, on water imbibition of grains, water absorption for making bread and noodles, bread crumb moisture content, color of noodles and texture of cooked noodles. Studied variations in endosperm relating to environmental changes. The results may help elucidate some unique characteristics of spelt flour and starch for future uses in the food industry, as well as provide additional information on environmental effects on starch granule size distribution and molecular structure. Investigated the effect of enzymes on whole wheat tortilla quality. Evaluated the shelf-life extension of 100% whole wheat (WW) tortillas by adding enzymes. Various enzymes have been incorporated into the tortilla formulation. These included bacterial ±-amylase, glucose oxidase (GOX), transglutaminase, phytase, pentasonase, and a blend of cellulose and amylase. Evaluated kernel characteristics, milling properties, and dough, bread, tortilla and Asian alkaline noodle-making properties of hard winter wheat progenies. Determined protein and lipid contents and composition and interaction among these components of cereal grains as they relate to storage, handling, and end-use properties. Other Grains Improved color characteristics of barley containing food products through the removal of the outer layer of barley grains, heat treatment, exclusion of oxygen, low storage temperature and the use of ascorbic acid and 4-hexylresorcinol. Researched the utilization of sorghum for the production of wheat-free food products. Developing high quality wheat-free food products from sorghum provides new markets for the U.S. sorghum crop and may improve the food choices available to persons with celiac disease. The quality of wheat-free sorghum bread was improved through the use of sourdough fermentation and addition of enzymes and additional gums. Relationships between protein, fiber, and starch chemistry on fermentation of cereal grains were determined. Improved methods for the extraction and analysis of ergosterol in sorghum were developed. Studied the effects of extruding sorghum grain on ethanol production. Both conventional and supercritical fluid extrusion was found to increase ethanol yields compared to unprocessed grain.

Adam, Brian D. Cost Comparison of Methyl Bromide and ProFume® for Fumigating a Food Processing Facility: A Report to National Pest Management Association and Dow AgroSciences. Working paper #AEP-0704, Oklahoma State University, Dept. of Agricultural Economics, 2007. Available at http://agecon.okstate.edu/faculty/publications_results.asp?page=1. Aldrich, B.T., Maghirang, E.B., Dowell, F.E., and Kambhampati, S. 2007 Identification of termite species and subspecies of the genus Zootermopsis using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy. 7pp. Journal of Insect Science. 7:18, available online: insectscience.org/7.18. Alviola, J.N. May 2007. Roles of carbohydrates and proteins in the staling of wheat flour tortilla. PhD Dissertation. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 91 pp. Alviola, J.N., and Waniska, R.D. 2007. Effects of protein-modifying enzymes on the structure and shelf-stability of flour tortillas. AACC, San Antonio, TX, October 7-10. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/p07ma06.htm Austin, Dilek, Rooney, Lloyd, McDonough, Cassandra. 2007. The effects of sorghum bran substitution and whole grain flours on starch digestibility and Estimated Glycemic Index (EGI) of porridges. AACC, San Antonio, TX, October 7-10. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/p07ma12.htm Austin, D.L., Rooney, L.W. and McDonough, C.M. 2007. The effects of sorghum bran substitution and whole grain flours on starch digestibility and Estimated Glycemic Index (EGI) of porridges. Texas A&M University Student Research Week, March 26-30, College Station, TX. Barron, Marc E. May 2007. The effect of flaxseed hulls on expanded corn meal snacks. MS Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 110 pp. Bennett, G., and Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Cost-Benefit analysis flow chart for identity preservation systems: A case study of ultra-low linolenic soybeans grown on Iowa farms. Second Annual Symposium, Institute for Food Safety and Security, Ames Iowa. April 12, 2007. Poster. (CY07, FFY07) Bennett, G., and Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Cost-Benefit analysis flow chart for identity preservation systems: A case study of ultra-low linolenic soybeans grown on Iowa farms. 3rd Annual Meeting, TRACE 6th EU Framework project, Iraklion, Crete April 27, 2007. Poster. (CY07, FFY07) Boac, J.M., Maghirang, R.G., Casada, M.E. 2007. Durability and breakage of feed pellets during repeated elevator handling. (In Italian). TECNICA MOLITORIA. 58(5): 499-512. Bullerman, L.B., Bianchini,A., Jackson, L.S., Jablonski, J., Hanna, M.A. and Ryu, D. 2008 Reduction of Fumonisin B1 in Corn Grits by Single-Screw Extrusion. J. Ag. Food Chem. (in press). Calderon, V.R., Rooney, L.W., McDonough, C. 2007. Developing quick methods to cook sorghum for different food applications. Texas A&M University Student Research Week, March 26-30, College Station, TX. Calderon, V.R. 2007. Sorghum cooking quality and effect of pretreatment on physical properties of sorghum kernels. (Spanish oral) Program Cooperativo CentroAmerica de Cultivos y Animales (PCCMCA), April 22-28, Guatemala City. Campabadal, C.A., Maier, D.E. and Moog, D.J. 2007. Engineering design parameters for recirculation, flow of ozone through grain storage structures. Paper No. 07-6168. ASABE, St. Joseph, MI. Cardenas-Hinojosa, A.P., Njongmeta-Nenge, L.A., Dykes, L., Cisneros-Zevallos, L. and Rooney, L.W. 2007. Concentration and temperature stability of anthocyanins in black sorghum. AACC, San Antonio, TX, October 7-10. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/p07ma26.htm Cardenas-Hinojosa, A.P., Guajardo-Flores, D., Dykes, L., McDonough, C.M., and Rooney, L.W. 2007. Analysis of phenols, tannins, and antioxidant activity of grain legumes compared with different whole grain cereals. Texas A&M University Student Research Week, March 26-30, College Station, TX. Cha, J.Y., Ng, P.K.W., Shin, H.S., and Cash, J. 2007. Effects of extrusion conditions on pasting properties of potato. Food Science and Biotechnology 16(5):783-788. Cheng, E.M., Alavi, S., Pearson, T.C. and Agbisit, R. 2007. Mechanical-acoustic and sensory evaluations of corn starch-whey protein isolate extradites. Journal of Texture Studies. 38(2007):485-510. Ciacci, C., Maiuri, L., Caporaso, N., Bucci, C., Giudice, L.D., Massardo, D.R., Pontieri, P., Fonzo, N.D., Bean, S.R., Ioerger, B., and Londei, M. 2007. Celiac disease: in vitro and in vivo safety and palatability of wheat-free sorghum food products. Clinical Nutrition. (In press, Accepted 5/18/07). Clementson, C.L., Ileleji, K.E. and Stroshine, R.L. 2007. Particle segregation in bulk dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) and its effect on chemical variability and flowability of the bulk. ASAE Paper No. 076214. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. Clementson, C., Ileleji, K.E. and Stroshine, R.L. 2007. Particle segregation and its effect on spatial chemical variability in a pile of dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) formed by gravity-driven discharge. In preparation for Powder Technology Journal. Corredor, D.Y., Bean, S.R., and Wang, D. 2007. Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Sorghum Bran. Cereal Chem. 84:61-66. Deak, N.A., and Johnson, L.A. 2007. Preparation of Glycinin and ²-Conglycinin from High-sucrose/Low-stachyose Soybeans. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 84(3):260-279. Deak, N.A., and Johnson, L.A. 2007. Fate of Phytic Acid in Producing Soy Protein Ingredients. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 84(4):369-376. Dlamini, N.R., Taylor, J.R.N., Rooney, L.W. 2007. The effect of sorghum type and processing on the antioxidant properties of African sorghum-based products. Food Chemistry 105:1412-1419. Dlamini, Nomusa Rhoda Ngwenya. May 2007. Effect of sorghum type and processing on the antioxidant properties of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] based foods. PhD Dissertation. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 130 pp. Dykes, L. and Rooney, L.W. 2007. Phenolic compounds in cereal grains and their health benefits. Cereal Foods World 52:(3)105-111. Dykes, L., Rooney, W.L., Peterson, G. C. and Rooney, L.W. 2007. Phenol profile and antioxidant activity levels of black sorghums grown in different environmental conditions. AACC, San Antonio, TX, October 7-10. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/p07ma39.htm Gemesi, H.G., and Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Geographic Food Origin Traceability Model. Second Annual Symposium, Institute for Food Safety and Security, Ames Iowa. April 12, 2007. Poster (CY07, FFY07) Gemesi, H.G., and Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Geographic Food Origin Traceability Model. 3rd Annual Meeting, TRACE 6th EU Framework project, Iraklion, Crete April 27, 2007. Poster. (CY07, FFY07) Gerde, J., Hardy, C.L., Hurburgh, C.R., Jr., and White, P. 2007. Rapid determination of degradation in frying oils by near-infrared spectroscopy. JAOCS 84:519-522 (CY07, FFY07) Gritsenko, M., Alviola, J.N., Rooney, L.W., McDonough, C., Waniska, R.D. 2007. Buckwheat in wheat flour tortillas. AACC, San Antonio, TX, October 7-10. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/p07ma50.htm Gu, L., House, S.E., Prior, R.L., Rooney, L. 2007. Sorghum bran in the diet dose dependently increased excretion of catechins and microbial derived phenolic acids in female rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 55(13):5326-5334. Gu, L., House, S.E., Prior, R.L., Rooney, L. 2007. Contents of procyanidins in sorghum and the bioavailability in weaning pigs. International Food Technology, July 28-August 1, 2007, Chicago, Illinois. 2007 IFT Annual Meeting Book of Abstracts, ISSN: 1082-1236. Program No. 227-02. Guajardo Flores, David. December 2007. Effect of antioxidants, color and sensory attributes of inclusion of different sorghum brans in model baking systems. MS Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 106 pp. Guajardo-Flores, D., Alviola, J.N., McDonough, C.M., Waniska, R.D. and Rooney, L.W. 2007. Tortilla quality and antioxidant properties of flour tortillas with tannin sorghum bran and brown flaxseed. AACC, San Antonio, TX, October 7-10. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/p07ma51.htm Guajardo-Flores, D., Cardenas-Hinojosa, A.P., Dykes, L., McDonough, C.M., and Rooney, L.W. 2007. Comparison of total phenol, antioxidant activity and tannin content in different grains. Texas A&M University Student Research Week, March 26-30, College Station, TX. Hardy, C.L., Gerde, J., Hurburgh, C.R., Jr., and White, P.J. 2007. Rapid Determination of Oxidation in Frying Oils by NIR Spectroscopy. Proc. 98th Annual Meeting, American Oil Chemists Society, Quebec City, QC. May 13, 2007. Oral presentation. (CY07, FFY07) Herald, T.J., Aramouni, F., Bean, S. and Alavi, S. J. Influence of Deacetylation on the Rheological Properties of Xanthan-Guar Interactions in Dilute Aqueous Solutions H.A. Khouryieh, 2007. J. Food Sci. 72:C173-C181. Higiro, J., Herald, T.J., Alavi, S., and Bean, S.R. 2007. Rheological study of xanthan and locust bean gum interaction in dilute solution: Effect of salt. Food Research Int. 40:435-447. Hines, Lindsey Wortham. May 2007. Development of specialty breads as nutraceutical products. MS Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 111 pp. Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Current Storage and Handling Issues for the 2007 Crop. Proc. 19th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference, Agribusiness Education Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa. November 28, 2007. Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Tracing GMOs in the US Bulk Agricultural Market. 3rd annual meeting of CoExtra 6th Framework EU Project, Bologna, Italy February 4, 2007. (CY07, FFY07) Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Developing traceability of bulk agricultural products. 3rd Annual Meeting, TRACE 6th EU Framework project, Iraklion, Crete April 27, 2007. Invited presentation. (CY07, FFY07) Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Measurement of fatty acids in whole soybeans with near infrared spectroscopy. Lipid Technology 19(4): 450. April 2007. (CY07, FFY07) Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Harmonizing Near Infrared Spectroscopic Measurements and Terminology: NIRS Component of the AOCS Soybean Quality Traits (SQT) Program. Proc. 98th Annual Meeting, American Oil Chemists Society, Quebec City, QC. May 13, 2007. Oral presentation. (CY07, FFY07) Igne, B., Rippke, G.R., Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Robust Regression for Inter-Brand Standardization. Proc. 13th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Umeå, Sweden, June 13-17, 2007. Poster. (CY07, FFY07). Igne, B., Gibson, L., Rippke, G. and Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Triticale Moisture and Protein Measurement by Near Infrared Spectroscopy. Cereal Chemistry 84:239-241 (CY07, FFY07) Igne, B., Gibson, L., Rippke, G. and Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Influence of yearly variability of agricultural products on the NIRS calibration process: a triticale example. Cereal Chemistry 84(6):576-581) (CY07, FFY07) Ileleji, K.E., Prakash, K.S., Stroshine, R.L., and Clementson, C.L. 2007. An investigation of particle segregation in corn processed dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) induced by three handling scenarios. Submitted to Bulk Solids and Powder Science Journal (November 2007). Ileleji, K.E., Prakash, K.S. and Stroshine, R.L. 2007. Morphological characterization of particles taken from bulk samples of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). 9th International Conference on Bulk Materials, Storage, Handling & Transportation, 9th - 11th October, 2007, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. Ileleji, K.E., Garcia, R.L.A., and Clementson, C. 2007. A comparison of standard methods to determine the moisture content of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). ASAE Paper No. 076254. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. Ileleji, K.E., Stroshine, R.L. and Prakash, K.S. 2006. Segregation during gravity-driven discharge of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). ASAE Paper No. 066115. St. Joseph, Mich.: ASAE. Ileleji, K.E., Probst, K.V., Kingsly, A.R.P., Clementson, C.L., and Garcia, A. 2007. The effect of condensed distillers solubles on the physical and chemical properties and moisture sorption isotherm of corn dried distillers grains with solubles - Bench scale experiments. In preparation for Bioresource Technology Journal. Ingles, M.E., Casada, M.E., Maghirang, R.G., Herrman, T.J. and Harner, J.P. 2007. Effects of grain receiving configuration on commingling in a country elevator. (In Italian). TECNICA MOLITORIA. 58(6): 609-625. Ioerger, B., Bean S.R., Tuinstra, M.R., Pedersen, J.F., Erpelding, J., Lee, K., Herrman, T. Characterization of polymeric proteins from vitreous and floury sorghum endosperm. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55:10232-10239. Ioerger, B., Bean, S.R., Tuinstra, M.R., Pedersen, J.F., Erpelding, J., Lee, K-M, and Herrman, T.J.. 2007. Characterization of polymeric proteins from vitreous and floury sorghum endosperm. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55:1023210239. Ioerger, B., Bean, S.R., Tuinstra, M.R., Pedersen, J.F., Erpelding, J., Lee, K-M. and Herrman, T.J. 2007. Characterization of polymeric proteins from vitreous and floury sorghum endosperm. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55:1023210239. Jia, F., Maghirang, E., Dowell, F., Able, C., and Ramaswamy, S. 2007. Differentiating tobacco budworm and corn earworm using near-infrared spectroscopy. J. Econ. Ent. Principal author. 100(3):759-764. Log no. 207103. Kaliyan, N., Morey, R.V., Wilcke, W.F., Carrillo, M.A. and Cannon, C.A. 2007. Low-temperature aeration to control Indianmeal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), in stored grain in twelve locations in the United States: A simulation study. Journal of Stored Products Research 43: 177-192. Kaliyan, N., Carrillo, M.A., Morey, R.V., Wilcke, W.F. and Kells, S.A. 2007. Mortality of Indianmeal moth (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) populations under fluctuating low temperatures: model development and validation. Environmental Entomology (in press). Kaye, N.M., Mason, S.C., Jackson, D.S. and Galusha, T.D. 2007. Crop rotation and soil amendment alters sorghum grain quality. Crop Science: 47:722-727. Kebakile, Martin M., Rooney, Lloyd W., and Taylor, John R.N. 2007. Effects of hand pounding, abrasive decortication-hammer milling, roller milling, and sorghum type on sorghum meal extraction and quality. Cereal Foods World 52:(3)129-137. Kovalenko, I., Rippke, G.R., and Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Dimensionality reduction of near infrared spectral data using global and local implementations of principal component analysis for neural network calibrations. JNIRS 15:21-28. Laux, C., and Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Traceability of commodity grain using a quality management system. Second Annual Symposium, Institute for Food Safety and Security, Ames Iowa. April 12, 2007. Poster (CY07, FFY07) Laux, C., and Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. Traceability of commodity grain using a quality management system. 3rd Annual Meeting, TRACE 6th EU Framework project, Iraklion, Crete April 27, 2007. Poster. (CY07, FFY07) Lee, Kyung-Min, Herrman, Timothy J., Bean, Scott R., Jackson, David S. and Lingenfelser, Jane. 2007. Classification of Dry-Milled Maize Grit Yield Groups Using Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and Decision Tree Algorithm. Cereal Chem. 84:152-161. Lee, K.-M., Herrman, T. J., Bean, S.R., Jackson, D.S. and Lingenfelser, J. 2007. Classification of Dry-Milled Maize Grit Yield Groups using Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and Decision Tree Algorithm. Cereal Chemistry 84(2):152-161. Lee, K-M, Herrman, T.J., Bean, S.R., Jackson, D.S., and Lingenfelser, J. 2007. Multivariate Classification of Dry Milled Maize Grit Yield Groups by Quadratic Discriminant Analysis and Decision Tree Algorithm. Cereal Chem. 84: 152-161. Lee, K-M., Herrman, T.J., Rooney, L., Jackson, D.S., Lingenfelser, J., Rausch, K.D., McKinney, J., Iiams, C., Byrum, L., Hurburgh, C.R., Jr., Johnson, L.A., and Fox, S.R. 2007. Corroborative Study on Maize Quality, Dry-Milling and Wet-Milling Properties of Selected Maize Hybrids. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55:1075110763. Lee, K-M, Herrman, T.J., Rooney, L., Jackson, D.S., Scott, R., Bean, R., Lingenfelser, J., Rausch, K.D., McKinney, J., Iiams, C., Byrum, L., Hurburgh, C.R., Jr., Johnson, L.A. and Fox, S.R. 2007. Corroborative Study on Maize Quality, Dry-Milling and Wet-Milling Properties of Selected Maize Hybrids. J. Agric. Food Chem. (accepted). Lee, K-M., Herrman, T.J., Bean, S.R., Jackson, D.S. and Lingenfelser, J. 2007. Multivariate classification of dry milled maize grit yield groups by quadratic discriminant analysis and decision tree algorithm. Cereal Chem. 84:152-161. Lee, K-M., Herrman, T.J., Rooney, L.W., Jackson, D.S., Lingenfelser, J., Rausch, K.D., McKinney, J., L.A. and Fox, S.R.,C., Byrum, L., Hurburgh, C.R., Jr., Johnson, Iiams. 2007. Corroborative study on maize quality, dry-milling and wet-milling properties of selected maize hybrids. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55:10751-10763. Lee, K-M., Herrman, T.J. and Jones, B. 2007. Risk Management and the Application of Multivariate Statistics for Animal Feed. Abstract No. P-262, CFW52:A49 in: Program Book of the 92th AACC International Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX. October 7-10, 2007. Lee, K-M., Herrman, T.J., Rooney, L.W., Jackson, D.S., Bean, S.R., Lingenfelser, J., Rausch, K.D., ,McKinney, J., L.A., Iiams, C., Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. and Johnson, 2007. Corroborative study on maize quality, dry-milling and wet-milling properties of selected maize hybrids. Abstract No. O-47, CFW52:A22 in: Program Book 92th AACC Intl Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX. October 7-10, 2007. Manthey, F.A. and Elias, E.M. 2007. Effect of weathering on color and pigment content of pasta. Cereal Foods World 52:A23. (Abstract). Mariotti, M., Lucisano, M., Pagani, M., and Ng, P.K.W. 2007. The role of corn starch, amaranth flour, pea isolate and Psyllium flour on the rheological properties of gluten-free doughs. Cereal Foods World 52(4):A51 for AACCI Annual Meeting. Martínez, Ontiveros; María del Refugio, Morales Castro, Juliana, Delgado, Efren, Serna-Saldivar, Sergio, Waniska, Ralph, Rooney, Lloyd W. 2007. Efecto del uso de masas madre sobre las propiedades reológicas de la tortilla de harina de trigo. Program Cooperativo CentroAmerica de Cultivos y Animales (PCCMCA), April 22-28, Guatemala City. Montross, M.D., Crofcheck, C.L., Lee, C.D. 2007. Influence of Hybrid on Laboratory Scale Dry Grind Ethanol Production. Paper No. 076149 Presented at the 2007 ASAE Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN. Moog, D.J.P. 2006. Assessing the Susceptibility of Shelled Corn to Invasion by Storage Fungi. Ph.D. Thesis, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN. Moog, D.J.P., Stroshine, R.L. and Seitz. L.M. 2008. Relationship of Shelled Corn Fungal Susceptibility to Carbon Dioxide Evolution and Kernel Attributes. Cereal Chemistry 85(1):19-26. Moog, D.J. and Maier, D.E. 2007. Efficacy of heat treatment of empty storage bins on confined populations of maize weevil and red flour beetle. Paper No. 07-6224. ASABE, St. Joseph, MI. Nair, S., Ullrich, S.E. and Baik, B.K. 2007. Variation in grain hardness and associated traits in USA barley breeding lines. AACCI Annual Meeting, San Antonio, TX, September 2007. Abstract. Ng, P.K.W., Siler, L., Tanhehco, E. MSU Wheat Quality Testing of Advanced Lines: Report on Milling and Baking Test Results for Selected Michigan-Grown Soft Wheats Harvested in 2006. January 2007. 35 pp. Njongmeta, Nenge, Cardenas-Hinojosa, A.P., Dykes, Linda, Cisneros-Zevallos, L. and Rooney, Lloyd W. 2007. Solvents for the extraction of 3-deoxyanthocyanins from sorghum. AACC, San Antonio, TX, October 7-10. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/p07ma116.htm Njongmeta, Nenge, Cardenas-Hinojosa, A.P., Dykes, Linda, Cisneros-Zevallos, L. and Rooney, Lloyd W. 2007. Stability of colored compounds from black sorghum: Effects of pH and water activity. AACC, San Antonio, TX, October 7-10. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/p07ma116.htm Ozturk, S., Koksel, H., and Ng, P.K.W. 2007. Production of bread enriched with commercial starch high in resistant starch. Cereal Foods World 52(4):A56 for AACCI Annual Meeting. Park, Arthur, F.H., Bean, S.R., and Schober, T. 2007. Susceptibility of sorghum to Rhyzopertha dominica F. and their effects on the physicochemical properties of sorghum kernel and flour. J. Stored Product Research. (In press). Pearson, T.C., Wilson, J.D., Gwirtz, J., Maghirang, E.B., Dowell, F.E., McClusky, P. and Bean, S.R. 2007. The relationship between single wheat kernel particle size distribution and the Perten SKCS 4100 hardness index. Cereal Chem. 84:567-575. Pearson, T.C., Cetin, A.E., Tewfik, A.H., and Haff, R.P. 2007. Feasibility of impact-acoustic emissions for detection of damaged wheat kernels. Digital Signal Processing Journal. Vol. 17(3):617-633. Pineda, Monica de la Torre. May 2007. Fortification of baked and fried tortilla chips with mechanically expelled soy flour. MS Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 109 pp. Poland, Nathan and Rooney, Lloyd W. 2007. Infrared heating and processing of whole Sorghum for use in RTE cereal bar. AACC, San Antonio, TX, October 7-10. http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/p07ma140.htm Prior, R.L., Howard, L., Gu, L., Rooney, L., Hager, A. 2007. Procyanidins: Effects of source and extrusion conditions on structure, degradation and absorption/metabolism. American Chemical Society 234th National Meeting and Exposition, August 19-23, 2007, Boston, Massachusetts. Abstract AGFD 209. 2007 CDROM. Rathore, S.S., Paulsen, M.R., Sharma, V., and Singh, V. 2007. Use of near-infrared spectroscopy for monitoring fermentation in a corn dry grind ethanol process. Trans of ASABE. Vol. 50(6) 8pp. Rathore, S.S., Paulsen, M.R., and Singh, V. 2007. Measuring dextrose equivalents of liquefaction slurry for dry-grind corn ethanol processing using near-infrared spectroscopy. Presented as AACC Poster Oct 7-10, 2007 San Antonio, TX. Ratnayake, W.S, Wassinger, A.B., and Jackson, D.S. 2007. Extraction and characterization of starch from alkaline cooked corn masa. Cereal Chemistry 84(4):414-420. Rhim, J.W., Lee, J.H., and Ng, P.K.W. 2007. Mechanical and barrier properties of biodegradable soy protein isolate-based films coated with polylactic acid. Lebens. Wiss. Technol. 40:232-238. Rooney, Lloyd W. 2007. Supply Chain Management for Profitable Food/Feed Products from Traditional Grains Traditional Grains for low Environmental Impact and Good Health, International Foundation for Science (IFS) Workshop, November 6, Pretoria, South Africa. Rooney, Lloyd W. 2007. Looking back on forty plus years of teaching cereal science, technology and common sense - at the end of the trail. October 7-10. AACC, San Antonio, TX, http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/s07ma22.htm Rooney, Lloyd W. 2007. Progress in utilization of sorghum for healthy foods and phytochemicals. AACC, October 7-10, San Antonio, TX, http://www.aaccnet.org/meetings/2007/abstracts/s07ma60.htm Rooney, Lloyd W. 2007. Mycotoxins in grains. Workshop: Supply chain management of millets for processing into feeds and foods, May 16, Dakar, Senegal. Rooney, Lloyd W. 2007. Phytochemicals and other healthy components of cereals. 34th Annual Texas Human Nutrition Conference, TAMU, February 2, College Station, TX. Schober, T.J., Bean, S.R., and Boyle, D.L. 2007. Gluten-free sorghum bread improved by sourdough fermentation: biochemical, rheological, and microstructural background. J. Agric. Food Chem. J. Agric. Food Chem. 55:5137-5146. Shepherd, C.T., Vignaux, N., Peterson, J.M., Johnson, L.A., and Scott, M.P. 2007. Green Flourescent Protein as a Tissue Marker in Transgenic Maize Seed. Cereal Chem. (accepted). Shepherd, C.T., Vignaux, N., Peterson, J.M., Scott, M.P. and Johnson, L. 2007. Dry-milling and Fractionation of Transgenic Maize Seed Tissues with Green Flourescent Protein as a Tissue Marker. Cereal Chem. (accepted). Shepherd, H. and Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. FDA Registration and Record Maintenance for Grain Handling Facilities and Feed Mill Facilities. Second Annual Symposium, Institute for Food Safety and Security, Ames Iowa. April 12, 2007. Poster (CY07, FFY07) Shepherd, H. and Hurburgh, C.R., Jr. 2007. FDA Registration and Record Maintenance for Grain Handling Facilities and Feed Mill Facilities. 3rd Annual Meeting, TRACE 6th EU Framework project, Iraklion, Crete April 27, 2007. Poster. (CY07, FFY07) Simsek, S., Whitney, K., Mergoum, M. and Mehmet Tulbek, H. Flour, Dough, Baking Quality Attributes Hard Red Spring What Cultivars Grown in North Dakota". American Association of Cereal Chemist-International Annual Meeting, Cereal Foods World, 52:A65. October 7-10, 2007, San Antonia, Texas, U.S.A Singh, V., Manthey, F., and Elias, E.M. 2007. Deposition of carotenoid pigments in durum wheat. Cereal Food World 52:A28. (Abstract). Taylor, J., Bean, S.R., Ioerger, B., and Taylor, J.R.N. 2007. Preferential binding of sorghum tannins with gamma-kafirin and the influence of tannin binding on kafirin digestibility and biodegradation. J. Cereal Sci 46:22-31. Thakur, M. and Hurburgh,C.R., Jr. 2007. Quality of U.S. Soybean Meal compared to the Quality of Soybean Meal from other Origins. JAOCS 84:835-843. (CY07, FFY07) Tilley, D.R., Casada, M.E. and Arthur, F.H. 2007. Heat treatment for disinfestation of empty grain storage bins. Journal of Stored Products Research. 43(3): 221-228. Tilley, D.R., Langemeier, M.R., Casada, M.E. and Arthur, F.H. 2007. Cost and risk analysis of heat and chemical treatments. Journal of Economic Entomology. 100(2): 604-612. Toews, M.D., Perez-Mendoza, J., Throne, J.E., Dowell, F.E., Maghirang, E., Arthur, F.H. and Campbell, J.F. 2007. Rapid assessment of insect fragments in flour milled from wheat infested with known densities of immature and adult Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 100(5):1714-1723. Wang, D., Bean, S., McClaren, J., Seib, P., Tuinstra, M., Lenz, M., Wu, X., Zhao, R. 2008. Grain sorghum is a viable feedstock for ethanol production. J. Industrial Microbio and Biotechnol. In press. Weaver, D.K. Stored grain weevils. In W.W. Bockus et al. [eds.] Compendium of wheat diseases  3rd Edition. APS Publications, St. Paul, Minnesota. In Press. Wu, X., Zhao, R., Bean, S.R., Seib, P.A., McLaren, J.S., Madl, R.L., Tuinstra, M., Lenz, M.C., and Wang, D. 2007. Factors impacting ethanol production from grain sorghum. In the dry-grind process. Cereal Chem. 84:130-136. Xu, Y., Hall III, C., Wolf-Hall, C., Manthey, F. Fungistatic activity of flaxseed in potato dextrose agar and a fresh noodle system, International Journal of Food Microbiology (2007), doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro. 2007.11.005. Xu, Y., Hall III, C., Wolf-Hall, C. Antifungal Activity Stability of Flaxseed Protein Extract Using Response Surface Methodology. Journal of Food Science (Online Early Articles). doi:10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00576.x). Yang, CiWen, Suming Chen, Charles R. Hurburgh, Jr, I-Chang Yang, Chih-Hsiang Wu. 2007. Standardization of soybean spectra across NIRS instruments using support vector machines. Proc. 13th International Conference on Near Infrared Spectroscopy, Umeå, Sweden, June 13-17, 2007. Poster. (CY07, FFY07). Yeung, Hway-Seen. December 2007. Evaluation of legume cooking characteristics using a rapid screening method. MS Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 74 pp. Yeung, H., Waniska, R.W., Ehlers, J. 2007. Evaluation of legume cooking characteristics using a rapid screening method. Texas A&M University Student Research Week, March 26-30, College Station, TX. (double award) Yeung, H., Waniska, R.D., Ehlers, J. 2007. Evaluation of legume cooking characteristics using a rapid screening method. Southern Region American Society for the Horticulture Science 67th Annual Meeting (Vigna), February 4, Mobile, AL. Zacatares, Calderon, V.R. December 2007. Changes in quality of whole cooked sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (l.) Moench] using precooking methods. MS Thesis. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 88 pp. Zhao, R., Bean, S.R., Ioerger, B.P., Wang, D., and Boyle, D.L. 2008. Impact of mashing on sorghum proteins and its relationship to ethanol fermentation. J. Agric. Food Chem. In press