Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The meeting held in Mineral Hall B was called to order at 5:00 p.m. by Chair Curt Youngs. Bob Godke moved and Matt Wheeler seconded a motion to approve the minutes of last years annual meeting. The motion carried unanimously. Mark Mirando, CSREES Representative, presented a short report. Mark discussed the USDA budget for the upcoming year. He indicated that there was an additional $20 million in Hatch funds for 2007 compared to 2006. This was due to the fact that all special grant funds were rolled into Hatch funds last year. In 2008, however, these special grant funds were removed from the budget. He also indicated that there was a $1.5 million increase in Smith Lever funds and funding for integrated projects within NRI increased from 22 to 26% this past year. Mark indicated that the USDA would be moving to electronic submission of research proposals for all programs and that fillable forms in portable document format (PDF) would potentially be available next year. In addition, he promoted two upcoming Grant Writing Workshops to be held in Salt Lake City, UT and Washington, D.C. Finally, Dr. Mirando indicated that more funds were budgeted for the NRI. Practically, this means that the Animal Reproduction program could fund one additional research proposal. A good discussion with the committee followed. The W-1171 Administrative Assistant, C. Y. Hu, provided his report to the committee. First, he apologized for being unable to attend the 2007 annual meeting in Kyoto, Japan. Next, he indicated that the Western states were really hurt by the reduction in special grants last year, estimating that Hawaii lost approximately $7 million. Funds went to CSREES but not necessarily to all the experiment stations, therefore only certain stations benefitted from these additional funds. In addition, C. Y. mentioned that Congress always passes appropriations in March after the end of the fiscal year on October 1. However, last year they just approved a continuing appropriation. He also suggested that it has been a tough 1½ to 2 years for experiment station directors. The Farm Bill has required lots of haggling by the directors, utilizing much of their time. Additionally, a great deal of debate ensued over agricultural subsidies. Currently, NIFA is in both the House and Senate versions of the Farm Bill. Further, he indicated that they lost IFAFS funding as well. C. Y. indicated that the budget picture for the upcoming year looks unfavorable. There has been $195 million allocated to the NRI program. Another $195 million is budgeted for Hatch funds. Of these Hatch funds, 25% has to be used for experiment stations in each state to support formula funds. As an additional note, C. Y. mentioned that in the future, many areas of USDA would be combined in an attempt to streamline and incorporate a hierarchy similar to NIH. In regard to the W-1171 committee, C. Y. pointed out that the committee had its mid-term review this past year. He reported that the review team was very happy with the performance of the committee. In addition, he indicated that a revised project for the W-1171 committee would be due by the 2009 annual meeting. He expects a reasonably good draft by the next annual meeting. He suggested that our accomplishments were relatively easy to document. However, he stressed the importance of documenting impacts of our research. It is important to focus on integrated, multistate linkages. Again, collaborations among institutions and impacts could not be stressed enough. Both C. Y. and Mark Mirando agreed that 3 to 5 good impact statements would be sufficient for the renewal proposal and that each impact statement should be no more than 2 sentences. C. Y. warned that the majority of impact statements simply reiterate the objectives or methods, suggesting that the committee avoid this pitfall. He also indicated that the impact statement should not include the impact will be& Suggested examples of terminology to include in impact statements were: 1) Increased conception rates, reproductive efficiency or birth rates. 2) Decreased production costs. 3) Improved animal welfare. 4) Increased global competitiveness. Both C. Y. and Mark Mirando indicated that impact statements should be general in nature. It is important to identify critical gaps in the knowledge base and suggest how these gaps will be filled. Brett White will become Chair of the committee for the 2008 calendar year. Because there were no nominations for secretary, both Peter and Char Farin volunteered to serve as Co-Secretaries for the 2008 calendar year. Peter and Char will assume duties of Committee Co-Chairs for the 2009 calendar year. The 2009 W-1171 annual meeting will be held in conjunction with the IETS meetings in San Diego, California (January 4-7). It was suggested that the committee try to meet around the end of the meeting but prior to the post-conference symposia. Brett White will contact Jennifer Gavel to arrange a room and time. To avoid time constraints, individual station reports were excluded in order to allocate additional time to discuss the objectives for the upcoming rewrite. At 5:55 pm, the committee began to discuss the objectives for the renewal proposal. Discussion of Objective 1 from our last proposal revolved around the idea of incorporating physiological genomics into a similar objective. It was noted that at least six members of the committee were performing this type of research. However, the committee agreed that this terminology might be too specific for an objective encompassing the research of so many scientists and thus chose to keep the language more general. Bob Godke moved and Char Farin seconded a motion that the first objective stand as is, Understand the biology and underlying mechanisms of gamete development, fertilization, and embryogenesis. Discussion of the second objective from our previous proposal ensued. Chairman Youngs suggested including genetically enhanced animals instead of genetically modified animals in this objective. Bob Godke moved to entitle the second objective, Refine methods for production of genetically enhanced animals to improve livestock production efficiency. The motion was seconded by Peter Farin and the committee passed the motion unanimously. Next, the committee focused on the rewrite. A recommendation was brought forward to divide the writing into specific sections. Erdogan Memili, Rebecca Krisher and Brett White volunteered to serve as overall coordinators for the sections of the rewrite. Two important components of the proposal identified were the critical reviews of the literature and the project methods. The committee agreed that members assisting with the writing concentrate on the impacts and linkages among research stations. The question was raised whether the committee needed to include year by year milestones. Our Administrative Assistant, C. Y. Hu, indicated that this format was not required. Finally, Chair Youngs asked that all committee members be responsible and timely in responding to information sent out via email regarding the renewal proposal. Charlie Rosenkrans moved and Rebecca Krisher seconded a motion to adjourn the business meeting. The motion carried unanimously, and the business meeting was adjourned at 6:30 p.m. The committee met at 8:30 a.m. on January 6, 2008 in the same room to discuss collaborative projects for the rewrite. Before discussions began, Chairman Youngs suggested that we have a good draft of the rewrite by September 1, 2008, taking advantage of time flexibility over the summer months. Secretary White would send out a reminder around May 1, 2008 encouraging everyone to complete their delegated parts of the proposal. Members were reminded that the success of the multistate project hinges on productive collaborations and that the viability of W-1171 is contingent upon joint research efforts (and not on individual station research efforts). The W-1171 members broke out into the two objectives that were agreed upon the previous day. The groups were asked to identify new possibilities for collaborative research efforts. Moderators of each group were to provide a summary of the ideas derived by each group to the Secretary, Brett White, so that he could compile the findings and send them out to the committee for further input. Following group discussions, the meeting was adjourned. Respectfully submitted, Brett White 2007 W-1171 Secretary

We examined gene expression in oocytes of good and poor quality, identifying alterations in the transcriptome of oocytes matured in vitro compared to those matured in vivo that correlate to developmental competence. These results indicated that gene expression is altered in oocytes matured in vitro compared to those in vivo. Based on the functional annotations of genes differentially expressed, dysregulation of gene expression resulting in altered DNA methylation and an up regulation in cell death pathways are potential developmental mechanisms influenced by in vitro culture conditions that correlate to reduced embryonic developmental potential. Of particular interest the functional category of gene expression. This category includes genes involved in the regulation of gene expression, including those genes controlling histone modifications and chromatin structure. Our microarray results demonstrate that genes in this category are specifically associated with differences in oocyte quality. Developmental potential of oocytes derived from sows and gilts was determined after in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture. This data confirms that gilt derived oocytes matured and cultured in vitro have a similar ability to undergo nuclear maturation compared to sow derived oocytes. Gilt oocytes, however, display a decreased ability to undergo embryonic developmental, suggesting that gilt oocytes have not fulfilled all the required mechanisms for cytoplasmic maturation and normal embryonic development. Member scientists used computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA) to evaluate the effects of techniques routinely used for selection of motile sperm prior to IVF on sperm quality parameters, and the effects of PHE on sperm parameters of semen varying in quality. Results suggest that the method used for selection of motile sperm can influence parameters related to motility and sperm head morphology. The beneficial effects of PHE on sperm over time, particularly those of poor quality, were identified. The effects of tobacco smoke compounds on sex ratio were investigated for potential application to sex selection in livestock. Results suggest that these tobacco compounds reduce the male to female sex ratio of bovine embryos, confirming previous reports in humans. Other researchers acquired data suggesting that oocyte receptors can be used as an estimate of oocyte quality and that the interval prior to fertilization is sensitive to heat stress in the pig. Investigators have developed and validated a simple, objective method of quantifying lipids in bovine embryos. They also found that injecting inositol triphosphate at the time of ICSI of bovine oocytes resulted in improved cleavage rates, as well as a non-significant increase in blastocyst production. Validated a method to study how bovine oocytes modify mRNA during maturation, mostly by selective degradation of specific mRNAs. The assay is sensitive enough such that one can inject labeled constructs and recover them in a modifed form some hours later in sufficient quantities to make meaningful measurements. Found that mRNA for the gene, periattachment factor, increased dramatically in elongating ovine embryos, from non-detectable on day 11 to a peak on day 16, and subsequent decline to very low levels by day 30. This timing is very similar to what is seen in bovine embryos. Since mRNA for this molecule rises sharply during elongation and falls to nearly undetectable concentrations when elongation ceases, it likely has a very important function that we are trying to understand. This molecule could be key to understanding the high incidence of embryonic death that normally occurs at this stage. Compared differences in gene expression of embryos fertilized and developed in vivo from in vivo matured oocytes to those that are fertilized in vitro but cultured in vitro from in vivo matured oocytes and those that were fertilized and cultured in vitro from in vitro matured oocytes. Developed miniaturization technologies toward microfluidics and small mechanical systems, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), creating a means for dynamic culture on a volumetric scale, reportedly more consistent with the needs of the embryo. We have shown that either chemical (cycloheximide) or electrical methods are adequate and efficient for the activation of embryonic structures reconstructed by the hand-made cloning technique. Identified two novel Lef1 isoforms expressed in bovine preimplantation embryos. Studies using siRNA knockdown are ongoing to determine the role of this transcription factor in blastocyst formation. Determined in vitro culture conditions supporting better development of porcine oocytes in vitro. Provided functional genomics blue prints (proteomics) of bovine oocytes and spermatozoa. We have determined an important role for GnRH during embryogenesis, having a receptor mediated effect on 1-cell embryos that occurs within the first 36 hours of embryo development. Established biotin effects on oocyte maturation in mice, identified genes that are up- or down-regulated in oocytes from biotin-deficient compared to biotin-normal mice, and examined intracellular signaling cascades and molecular mechanisms underlying biotin effects on oogenesis and subsequent development. Found that production of bovine embryos in vitro using a serum based system was associated with increased body weight, normal liver and kidney morphology, and increased concentrations of blood urea nitrogen of fetuses during late gestation. Identified that bovine Air ncRNA is expressed in cattle and determined expression of bovine Air ncRNA in fetal tissue at the post-implantation and peri-implantation stages but not in preimplantations stages of development. Found that method of embryo production altered expression of bovine Air ncRNA in fetal tissue at day 70 of gestation. Determined the status of a range of imprinted genes in swine. Annotated and compared several platforms for porcine gene expression profiling studies. Identified potential candidate mRNAs associated with FSH-induced initiation of GVBD in murine and bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes matured in vitro. Used short interfering RNA approaches to assess the functional roles of NR4a1 and Egr1 mRNAs during FSH-induced oocyte maturation in cattle. Determined that a spermicidal compound can be encapsulated in cyclodextrin without loss of spermicidal activity. Found that ejaculated equine spermatozoa contain measurable amounts of various mRNAs for genes associated with testicular spermatogenesis. Determined that sperm protein (SP)-22 was specifically localized in equine spermatozoa and that SP-22 expression was altered with season of collection. Provided new information regarding the developmental biology of the early bovine embryo. Evaluated the efficacy of the commercially available semen sexing kit; HeiferPlus". Although more research is necessary (as is usual with binary data), perhaps a more compelling observation is the potential that incubation alone of bovine semen prior to AI may sway the sex ratio in favor of the female in superovulating (but not single ovulating) cows. The chemical composition of estrous synchronization implants used in this research must be manipulated to allow ease of insertion and removal, but the protein release profiles (in vitro and in vivo) are encouraging. Ultimately, the variety of the FSH loaded into the implant (recombinant or pituitary derived, glycosylated or not) may determine the type of material used to construct the implant. Further research is necessary to determine the precise FSH (and perhaps LH) release profile to reliable stimulate follicular waves to produce multiple dominant follicles, fertilizable oocytes, and developmentally competent embryos. We studied the role of disintegrin-integrin dynamics in sperm-oocyte interactions. Investigated differential gene expression of somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos and placental tissue as compared to controls. Examined the effects of nicotine on bovine meiotic maturation in vitro and subsequent embryonic development. Since the mRNA and protein of the novel importin ± are extremely abundant in oocytes and early cleavage stage embryos, but barely detectable in morula and blastocyst stage embryos, we believe that this novel importin ± is a maternal effect gene that is essential for early embryogenesis. Compared gene expression in cloned and control pigs and calves. Examined the methylation patterns of the intergenic region of H19-IGF2 in cloned calves. Found that enhanced lactation potential of transgenic gilts (bovine alpha-lactalbumin) synergizes with suckling intensity to stimulate increased milk production during early lactation, as well as stimulating piglet growth. These animals provide a method to manipulate lactation persistency in swine. Preliminary results indicate absence of the transgene in control animals after co-habitation and post-mating with transgenic animals. This work provides a critical first step toward providing rigorous scientific data for risk assessment of transgenic livestock. Determined that the use of multi-factorial directed differentiation using high-speed robotic systems will enable the examination of large matrices of culture and differentiation conditions for stem cells. Furthermore, this approach enables analysis of gene expression and other cell characteristics related to differentiation and cell function from cells cultured under essentially unlimited conditions. Using the automated microscale system in large factorial experiments allows analysis of the basic mechanisms underlying stem cell development in vitro, and ultimately in vivo. Determined that Noggin, a cytokine, helps maintain expression of the pluripotency transcription factor Nanog during ICM explant culture. Identified functional genomics (transcriptomics) of bovine cloned embryos from IVF and several rounds of chromatin transfers. Established divergent survival rates for cryopreserved embryos from Chinese Meishan and white crossbred lines of swine. This difference in survival rate occurs within the first 24 hours following thawing. Determined the most efficient method for SCNT cloning in pigs. Unlike cattle and sheep, SCNT in pigs does not generate large offspring but instead increases the incidence of IUGR. Tested different methods for enhancing homologous recombination in somatic cells. Identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the promoter regions of the prolactin and HSP-70 genes of cattle that are related to cattle fecundity. Boar libido was not detectably reduced by lowering endogenous estrogens in an attempt to increase sperm production.

1. REFEREED ARTICLES/BOOK CHAPTERS At-Taras, E. E., I.C. Kim, T. Berger, A. Conley, and J.F. Roser. 2008. Reducing endogenous estrogen during development alters hormone production by porcine leydig cells and seminiferous tubules. Domest Anim Endocrinol 34:100-108. Barcelo-Fimbres, M. and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2007. Effects of fetal calf serum, phenazine ethosulfate and either glucose or fructose during in vitro culture of bovine embryos on embryonic development after cryopreservation. Mol Reprod Dev 74:1395-1405. Barcelo-Fimbres, M. and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2007. Effects of either glucose or fructose and metabolic regulators on bovine embryonic development and lipid accumulation in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 74:1406-1418. Berger, T., M. McCarthy, C. A. Pearl, E. At-Taras, J. F. Roser, and A. Conley. 2007. Reducing endogenous estrogens during the neonatal and juvenile periods affects reproductive tract development and sperm production in postpuberal boars. Anim Reprod Sci. Berger, T., and B. M. Roberts. Reduced immunolabeling of a porcine oocyte membrane protein reflects reduced fertilizability of porcine oocytes following elevated ambient temperature. Reprod. Domestic Animals doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.01052. Bleck, G.T., M.B. Wheeler, L.B. Hansen, H. Chester-Jones, and D.J. Miller. (2007) Lactose synthase components in milk: Concentrations of ±-lactalbumin and ²1,4-galactosyltransferase in milk of cows from several breeds at various stages of lactation. Reprod. Dom. Anim. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2007.01047.xISSN 0936-6768 (In Press). Checura, C.M. and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2007. Effect of macromolecules in solutions for vitrification of mature bovine oocytes. Theriogenology 67:919-930. Corbin, C. J., A. L. Hughes, J. R. Heffelfinger, T. Berger, T. B. Waltzek, J. F. Roser, T. C. Santos, M. A. Miglino, M. F. Oliveira, F. C. Braga, F. V. Meirelles, and A. J. Conley. 2007. Evolution of suiform aromatases: Ancestral duplication with conservation of tissue-specific expression in the collared peccary (pecari tayassu). J Mol Evol 65: 403-412. Estrada, J., J. Sommer, B. Collins, B. Mir, A. Martin, A. York, R.M. Petters, and J.A. Piedrahita. 2007. Swine generated by somatic cell nuclear transfer have increased incidence of intra uterine growth restriction (IUGR). Cloning and Stem Cells 9:229-236. Everts, R.E., P. Chavatte-Palmer, A. Razzak, I. Hue, C.A. Green, R. Oliveira, X. Vignon, S.L. Rodriguez-Zas, X.C. Tian, X. Yang, J.P. Renard, and H.A. Lewin. 2008. Aberrant gene expression patterns in placentomes are associated with phenotypically normal and abnormal cattle cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Physiol Genomics (In Press). Farin, C.E., K.F. Rodriguez,, J.E. Alexander, J.E. Hockney, J.R. Herrick, and S. Kennedy-Stoskopf. 2007. The role of transcription in EGF- and FSH-mediated oocyte maturation in vitro. Anim Reprod Sci 98:97-112. Farin, P.W., K. Moore, and M. Drost. Assisted reproductive technologies in cattle. In: Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology, 2nd Ed., RS Youngquist and WR Threlfall (Editors) , Elsevier, Inc., 2007; 496-508. Feugang, J.M., O.D. Camargo-Rodriguez, and E. Memili. 2008. Culture Systems for Bovine Embryos. Livestock Science (In Press). Flores, R., M. L. Looper, R. W. Rorie, D. M. Hallford, and C. F. Rosenkrans Jr. 2007. Endocrine and follicular dynamics are influenced by body condition and somatotropin in postpartum beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. (Accepted). Flores, R., M. L. Looper, R. W. Rorie, M. A. Lamb, S. T. Reiter, D. M. Hallford, D. L. Kreider, and C. F. Rosenkrans. 2007. Influence of body condition and bovine somatotropin on estrous behavior, reproductive performance, and concentrations of serum somatotropin and plasma fatty acids in postpartum Brahman-influenced beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 85:13181329. Herrick, J.R., J.B. Bond, G.M. Magarey, H.L. Bateman, R.L. Krisher, S.A. Dunford, and W.F. Swanson. 2007. Toward a Feline-Optimized Culture Medium: Impact of Ions, Carbohydrates, Essential Amino Acids, Vitamins, and Serum on Development and Metabolism of In Vitro Fertilization-Derived Feline Embryos Relative to Embryos Grown In Vivo. Biol. Reprod. 76:858-870. Jiang, L., P. Jobst, L. Lai, M. Samuel, D. Ayares, R.S. Prather, and X.C. Tian. 2007. Expression of Growth-Regulating Imprinted Genes in Cloned Piglets. Cloning Stem Cell 9:97-106. Jiang, L, L. Lai, M. Samuel, R.S. Prather, X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2007. Expression of X-linked Genes in Deceased Neonates and Surviving Cloned Female Piglets. Mol Reprod Dev DOI: 10.1002/mrd.20758. Keefer, C.L., D. Pant., L. Blomberg, and N.C. Talbot. 2007. Challenges and prospects for the establishment of embryonic stem cell lines of domesticated ungulates. Anim Reprod Sci 98:147-168. Krisher, R.L., A.M. Brad, J.R. Herrick, M.L. Sparman, and J.E. Swain. 2007. A comparative analysis of metabolism and viability in porcine oocytes during in vitro maturation. Anim Reprod Sci 98:72-96. Lee. E., J. Estrada and J.A. Piedrahita, 2007. A comparative study on the efficiency of two enucleation methods in pig somatic cell nuclear transfer: effects of the squeezing and the aspiration methods. Animal Biotechnology (In Press). Li C., Y.F. Bin, X.C. Tian,C. Curchoe, L. Yang, D.Y. Feng, Q.Y. Jiang, M. ONeill, and S.Q. Zhang. 2008. Genetic imprinting of H19 and IGF2 in domestic pigs (Sus scrofa). Animal Biotechnology (In Press). Liu, Y., G.P. Li, L.F. Rickords, K.L. White, B.R. Sessions, K.I. Aston, and T.D. Bunch. (2007) Effect of nicotine on in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes.. Anim Reprod Sci (In Press). Liu, Y., G.P. Li, K.L. White, L.F. Rickords, B.R. Sessions, K.I. Aston, and T.D. Bunch. (2007) Nicotine Alters Bovine Oocyte Meiosis and Affects Subsequent Embryonic Development. Mol Reprod Dev 74:1473-1482. Memili, E., D. Peddinti, L.A. Shack, B. Nanduri, F. McCarthy, H. Sagirkaya, and S.C. Burgess. 2007. Global proteome of bovine germinal vesicle oocytes and cumulus cells. Reproduction 133:1107-20. Miles, J.R., L.A. Blomberg, R.L. Krisher, R.E. Everts, T.S. Sonstegard, R.L. Van Tassell, and K.A. Zuelke. 2007. Small amplified RNA-serial analysis of gene expression (SAR-SAGE) from porcine blastocysts produced in vivo or in vitro. Mol.Reprod Dev. (In Press). Niemann, H., X.C. Tian, W.A. King, and, R. Lee. 2007. Epigenetic reprogramming in bovine embryonic and foetal development upon somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning. Reproduction (In Press). Paris, M.C.J., G.F. Mastromonaco, D.B.B.P. Paris, and R.L. Krisher. 2007. A perspective on the role of emerging technologies for the propogation of companion animals, non-domestic and endangered species. Reprod Ferti. Dev 19:iii-vii. Pate, B.J., K.L. White, D.B. DeWald, L.F. Rickords, G. Li, K.I. Aston, B. Sessions, and T.D. Bunch. (2007) Involvement of tyrosine kinases, specifically Src family kinases, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and agonist-induced PLC in the activation and development of bovine oocytes. Reproduction. (In Press). Pate, B.J., K.L. White, D. Chen, K.I. Aston, B.R. Sessions, T.D. Bunch, and B.C. Weimer. (2007) A novel approach to identify bovine sperm membrane proteins that interact with receptors on the vitelline membrane of bovine oocytes. Mol Reprod Dev (Published online September 20, 2007). Pate, B.J., K.L. White, Q.A.Winger, L.F., Rickords, K.I. Aston, B.R. Sessions, G.P.Li, K.D. Campbell, B. Weimer, and T. Bunch. (2007) Specific Integrin Subunits In Bovine Oocytes, Including Novel Sequences For Alpha 6 And Beta 3 Subunits.. Mole Reprod Dev 74:600-607. Pearl, C. A., E. At-Taras, T. Berger, and J. F. Roser. 2007a. Reduced endogenous estrogen delays epididymal development but has no effect on efferent duct morphology in boars. Reproduction 134: 593-604. Pearl, C. A., T. Berger and J. F. Roser. 2007b. Estrogen and androgen receptor expression in relation to steroid concentrations in the adult boar epididymis. Domest Anim Endocrinol 33:451-459. Peddinti, D., B. Nanduri, A. Kaya, J.M. Feugang, S.C. Burgess, and E. Memili. 2008. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of bovine spermatozoa of varying fertility rates and identification of biomarkers associated with fertility. In press. BMC Systems Biology. Powell, S. A., B. B. Smith, K. I. Timm, and A. R. Menino, Jr. 2007. Estradiol production by preimplantation blastocysts and increased serum progesterone following estradiol treatment in llamas. Anim Reprod Sci 102:66-75. Powell, S. A., B. B. Smith, K. I. Timm, and A. R. Menino, Jr. 2007. Expression of estrogen receptors ± and ² in the corpus luteum and uterus from non-pregnant and pregnant llamas. Mol Reprod Dev.74:1043-1052. Preis, K.A., G.E. Seidel, Jr., and D.K. Gardner. 2007. Reduced oxygen concentration improves the developmental competence of mouse oocytes following in vitro maturation. Mol Reprod Dev 74:893-903. Ramesh, R., C. A. Pearl, E. At-Taras, J. F. Roser, and T. Berger. 2007. Ontogeny of androgen and estrogen receptor expression in porcine testis: Effect of reducing testicular estrogen synthesis. Anim Reprod Sci 102 286-299. Rodriguez-Osorio, N, Z. Wang, P. Kasinathan, G.P. Page, J.M. Robl, and E. Memili. 2008. Transcriptional Reprogramming of Gene Expression in Bovine Somatic Cell Chromatin Transfer Embryos. (Submitted). Rodriguez-Osorio, N., I.J. Kim, H. Wang, A. Kaya, and E. Memili.. 2007. Melatonin increases cleavage rate of porcine preimplantation embryos in vitro. J Pineal Res 43:283-288. Sagirkaya, H., M. Misirlioglu, H. Kaya, J.J. Parrish, N.L. First, and E. Memili. 2007. Developmental Potential of Bovine Oocytes Cultured in Defined Maturation Medium. Anim Reprod Sci 101:225-240. Seidel, G.E., Jr. 2007. Overview of sexing sperm. Theriogenology 68:443-446. Stevenson, J.S., D.E. Tenhouse, R.L. Krisher, G.C. Lamb, J.E. Larson, C.R. Dahlen, J.R. Pursley, N.M. Bello, P.M. Fricke, M.C. Wiltbank, D.J. Brusveen, M. Burkhart, R.S. Youngquist, and H.A. Garverick. 2008. Detection of Anovulation by Heatmount Detectors and Transrectal Ultrasonography before Treatment with Progesterone in a Timed Insemination Protocol. J Dairy Sci (Accepted). Sung, L.Y.,P.C. Shen, B.S. Jeong, J. Xu, C.C. Chang, W.T.Cheng, J.S.Wu, S.N. Lee, D. Broek, D. Faber, X.C. Tian,, X. Yang, and F. Du. 2007. Premature Chromosome Condensation Is Not Essential for Nuclear Reprogramming in Bovine Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Biol Reprod 76:232-240. Swain, J.E., C.L. Borman, A.M. Brad, R.E. Durkin, and R.L. Krisher. 2008. Metabolism of glucose, pyruvate and glutamine by porcine oocytes matured in vitro and in vivo. Mol Reprod Dev (Submitted). Tanphaichitr, N., E. Carmona, M. Bou Khalil, H. Xu, T. Berger, and G. L. Gerton. 2007. New insights into sperm-zona pellucida interaction: Involvement of sperm lipid rafts. Front Biosci 12:1748-1766. Tsai, S., J. Cassady, D. Freking, G. Nonneman, G. Rohrer,and J.A. Piedrahita. 2006. Annotation of Affymetrix Porcine genome Microarray Chip. Animal Genetics 37:423-424. Tsai, S., B. Mir, A.C. Martin, J.L. Estrada, S.R. Bischoff, W.P. Hsieh, J.P. Cassady, B.A. Freking, D.J. Nonneman, G.A. Rohrer, and J.A. Piedrahita. 2006. Detection of transcriptional difference of porcine imprinted genes using different microarray platforms. BMC Genomics. 7:328-336. Whang, H.S., M.A. Hunt, N. Wrench, J.E. Hockney, C.E. .Farin, and A. Tonelli. 2007. Nonoxynol-9-alpha-cyclodextrin inclusion compound and its application for the controlled release of nonoxynol-9 spermicide. J Applied Polymer Sci 106:4104-4109. Wheeler, M.B., E.M. Walters, and D. J. Beebe. 2007. Toward Culture of Single Gametes: The Development of Microfluidic Platforms for Assisted Reproduction. Theriogenology 68S:S178-S189. Wheeler, M.B. 2007. Agricultural applications for transgenic livestock. Trends in Biotechnology 25:204- 210. Woodard, J., A. Hilldore, M. B. Wheeler, S. Clark, S. Lan, R. Jamison, and A. J. Wagoner Johnson. 2007. The mechanical properties and osteoconductivity of hydroxyapatite bone scaffolds with multi-scale porosity. Biomaterials 28:4554. Wrench, N., C.R.F. Pinto, G. Klinefelter, and C.E. Farin. Seasonal expression and pattern of S22 immunolocalization in stallion semen. Anim Reprod Sci 94:32-35, 2006. Yang, X., X.C. Tian, C. Kubato, R. Page, J. Xu, J. Cibelli, and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2007. Risk assessment of meat from cloned animals. Nature Biotechnol 25:77-83. Yang X, X.C. Tian, C. Kubota, R. Page, J. Xu , J. Cibelli , and G. Seidel, Jr. 2007. Risk assessment of meat and milk from cloned animals. Nature Biotechnol 25:79-83. Yang X, S.L. Smith, X.C. Tian, H.A. Lewin, J.P. Renard, and T. Wakayama. 2007. Nuclear reprogramming of cloned embryos and its implications for therapeutic cloning. Nature Gen 39:295-302. Yang X, and S. Smith. 2007. ES cells derived from cloned embryos in monkey  a jump toward human therapeutic cloning. Cell Res 17:969-970. Yang X, and M. Carter. 2007. Transgenic animal bioreactors: A new line of defense against chemical weapons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104:13859-13860. Zaunbrecher, G., B. Mir, P.W. Dunne, M. Breen, and J.A. Piedrahita. 2007. Enhancement of extra chromosomal recombination in somatic cells by affecting the ratio of homologous recombination (HR) to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Animal Biotechnology. (In Press). 2. BOOKS, NON-REFEREED BOOK CHAPTERS, PROCEEDINGS, INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA, THESES/DISSERTATIONS Barcelo-Fimbres. 2007. Energy Substrates, Metabolic Regulators and Lipid Accumulation During the Culture of In Vitro-Produced Bovine Embryos. Ph.D. Dissertation, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO. Hockney, J.E. Candidate mRNAs regulating meiotic resumption in bovine cumulus-oocyte-complexes. MS Thesis, North Carolina State University. 2007. Memili, E. 2007. Advances in animal cloning in the era of functional genomics and beyond. The 7th International Symposium on Developmental Biotechnology. Jeju University, Jeju, Korea, October 26-27, 2007. Memili, E. 2007. Advances and applications of genomics and proteomics in gamete and embryo science. XXI. Brazilian Embryo Technology Conference in Costa do Sauipe, BA, Brazil, August 23-27, 2007. Seidel, G.E., Jr. 2007. Sexing sperm. Proc. XII Congreso Latinoamericano de Buiatria, pp. 3-7. Seidel, G.E., Jr. 2007. New technologies for reproduction in cattle. Proc. Symposium Applied Reproductive Technologies in Beef Cattle, pp. 285-291 and 7th Pre-conference, Strategies Internacional de Actualizacion Veterinaria, 7 pp. Seidel, G.E., Jr. 2007. New methods of cryopreserving bovine embryos. Proc. 26th Annual Conference, American Embryo Transfer Association, 5 pp. Smith, S. 2007. Expression profiling of cloned embryos and donor cells. PhD Dissertation. Wheeler, M.B., D. Kim, E. Monaco, and W.L. Hurley. 2007. Application of Robotic and Microfluidic Technologies to Stem Cell Culture and Analysis. Tsukuba Meeting for Animal Biotechnology (TMAB)  Progress in Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer Technology, January 12-12, 2007 Tsukuba City, Japan, Pgs. 31-32. Wheeler, M.B., T.R. Davidson, S.A. Malusky, C.E. Ferguson, A.S. Lima, and M.B. Mello. 2007. PRODUCTION OF TRANSGENIC LIVESTOCK: Technology and Applications. In: Biotécnicas Aplicadas à Reprodução Animal, eds. P.B. Goncalves & J. Figuriedo, (New Edition In Press). Wheeler, M.B., M.R.B. Mello, A.S. Lima, and T. VanEtten. 2007. Modification of the Domestic Animal Genome. In Bovine Theriogenology, de la Sota, R.L. and Bo, G.A., Eds., 45 pgs. (In Press). Wheeler, M.B. A.S. Lima, T. VanEtten, ad M.R.B. Mello. 2007. Transgenic Animals for Biomedicine and Agriculture. In Bovine Theriogenology, de la Sota, R.L. and Bo, G.A., Eds. 36 pgs. (In Press). Wrench, N. Effect of season on expression of SP22 and mRNAs in equine spermatozoa. MS Thesis, North Carolina State University. 2007. 3. ABSTRACTS Banks, A., M. Looper, S. Reiter, L. Starkey, R. Flores, D. Hallford, and C. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2007. Identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms within the promoter region of the bovine heat shock protein 70 gene and associations with pregnancy. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):12. Barcelo-Fimbres, M., and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2007. Validation of quantitative fluorescence for determining lipid content of bovine blastocysts stained with Nile Red dye. Biol. Reprod. (Special Issue) pp. 87-88. Campos-Chillón, L.F., M. Barcelo-Fimbres, E.M. Carnevale, and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2007. Use of bovine oocytes to evaluate in vitro fertilizing capacity of equine sperm. Theriogenology 68:515-516. Chang, C.C., X.C. Tian, X. Yang, R.J. Straub, D.L. Keenan, and Z.P. Nagy. The effect of cryoprotectants on preserving oocyte spindle following sub-physiological temperature treatment. Fertil Steril 2007; 88(1S):S89. Oral (Washington DC, American Society for Reproductive Medicine in 2007 annual meeting). Chang, C.C., X.C. Tian, X. Yang, D.B. Shapiro, S.M. Slayden, and Z.P.Nagy. Oocyte spindle preservation during vitrification of mouse oocytes. Fertil Steril 2007; 88(1S):S94. Oral (Washington DC, American Society for Reproductive Medicine in 2007 annual meeting). Chang, C.C., L.Y. Sung, X.C. Tian, X. Yang, H.I. Kort, and Z.P. Nagy. Parallel comparison of parthenogenetic development following oocyte cryopreservation: vitrification vs. slow freezing. Fertil Steril 2007;88(1S):S350. Poster (Washington DC, American Society for Reproductive Medicine in 2007 annual meeting). Chaubal, S.A., T.L. Nedambale, J. Xu, C. Shaffer, T. Kilmer, A. Shefle, X. Yang, X.C. Tian, and F. Du. 2008. Effect of Heparin Concentration on Bovine Preimplantational Development in vitro using Sex-sorted Sperm (to be presented in the 2008 IETS annual meeting, Denver, CO, Jan 5-9, 2008). Curry E., S. L. Pratt, D. L. Lapin, and J. R. Gibbons. 2007. High-throughput genetic characterization of bovine in vivo produced embryos. Biol Reprod 2008 Special Issue:440. Dewey, S.T., C.W. Wall, M.L. Looper, C.F. Rosenkrans, Jr., A.H. Brown, Jr., and Z.B. Johnson. 2007. The relationship of dam efficiency and calf performance to weaning in a commercial cowherd. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):5. Everts, R.E., A. Sommers, C.A. Green, R.Oliveira, S. Rodriguez-Zas, L.Y. Sung, F. Du, A.C.O. Evans, M. Boland, T. Fair, P. Lonergan, J.P. Renard, X. Yang, H.A. Lewin, and X.C. Tian. Major differences in Gene expression profiles revealed in Day-25 placental tissues collected from Cows carrying cloned fetuses (to be presented in the Plant & Animal Genome XV Conference, January 13-17, 2007, San Diego, USA). Farmer, W.T., P.W. Farin, S.R. Bischoff, J.E. Alexander, J.A. Peidrahita, and C.E. Farin. Detection of antisense to Igf2r (AIR) RNA in cattle. Reprod Fertil Dev 20:Abstract #2 (In Press). Farin, P.W., D.E. Malarkey, J.E. Alexander, and C.E. Farin. Liver and kidney function in bovine fetuses from embryos produced in vivo or in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 20: Abstract #201 (In Press). Feltrin, C., A.S. Lima, E/ Monaco, S.M. Wilson,, D. Kim, T. VanEtten, S.J. Lane, J.L. Rodrigues,, and M.B. Wheeler. (2007). Efficiency of Electrical And Chemical Activation in Swine Embryonic Structures Produced by Hand-Made Cloning. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae 35 (Supl. 3):1277. Feugang, J.M., A. Kaya, E. Topper, C. Ostermeier, and E. Memili. 2007. Transcripts of bull spermatozoa ). Abstract presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction (SSR) Biol Reprod. Special issue. Flores, R., M.L. Looper, S.T. Reiter, and C.F. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2007. Effects of body condition, somatotropin, and prolactin promoter gene polymorphisms on concentrations of prolactin, follicle size, and calving rates of postpartum Brahman-influenced cows. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):12. Floyd, C. F., S. Gray, L. M. Riggs, and J. R. Gibbons. 2007. A comparison of two sustained FSH release implants. Biol Reprod 2008 Special Issue:223. Gong, G.C., M. Roach, S. Jiang, X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2007. Effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and feeder on derivation of embryonic stem cells from in vitro fertilized bovine blastocysts (presented in StemConn07, Hartford, CT, Mar 2007). Katz-Jaffe, M.G., B.R. McCallie, K. Preis, G. Seidel, and D.K. Gardner. 2007. In vitro maturation (VM) alters the expression of specific putatively imprinted genes in bovine MII oocytes. Reprod. Fertil. Develop. 19:251. Kim, D., A. Lima, E. Monaco, I. Meyvantsson, D.J. Beebe, M.B. Wheeler. (2007) Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture and Differentiation in High-Throughput Microdevices Using a Fluid Handling Robot. Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Regenerative Medicine (MSC2007), Cleveland, OH, USA, Abstr. 210. Krause, M, S. Gray and J. R. Gibbons. 2007. Endocrine dynamics surrounding dominant follicle selection in cattle. Biol Reprod 2008 Special Issue:402. Krisher, R.L. 2007. Elucidating the mechanisms involved in oocyte quality by examining gene expression. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):116. Krisher, R., A. Auer, K. Clark, K. Emsweller, S. Rogers, K. Thomas, F. Chatiza, and P. Bartels. 2007. In vitro production of springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) embryos. Reprod Ferti. De. 19:239-240. Krisher, R., J. Lowe, A. Bailey, and M. Sturek. 2008. Endocrine parameters and ovarian dynamics in Ossabaw swine suggest a model for polycystic ovary syndrome. Exp. Biol. (Accepted). Kubota, C., T. Kojima, T. Nagai, X. Tian, and X. Yang. 2007. Bovine embryo development after IVM/IVF/IVC of oocytes stored for 22 h in various media (presented in the annual meeting of IETS in Kyoto Japan, Jan 2007). Lamb, M., R. Okimoto, M. Brown, H. Brown, Jr., Z. Johnson, and C. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2007. Relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the bovine heat shock protein 70 gene and milk characteristics of beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):4. Looper, M.L., T.P. Neidecker, C.W. Wall, S.T. Reiter, R. Flores, A.H. Brown, Jr., Z.B. Johnson, and C.F. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2007. Relationship of lactate dehydrogenase activity to body measurements of Angus x Charolais cows and calves. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):31. Lowe, J., R.L. Krisher, and M. Sturek. 2007. Characterizing the Ossabaw mini-pig as an animal model for polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol. Reprod. 2008 Special Issue:211. Lowe, J.L. and R.L. Krisher. 2007. In vitro maturation of porcine oocytes in two defined media with and without gonadotropins. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):69. Lucius, H. and J. R. Gibbons. 2007. The use of bovine follicular fluid and fetal calf serum as supplements for bovine oocyte in vitro maturation. Sixth Annual Summer Program for Research Interns, Clemson University, Clemson SC. Marshall, K.M., W.L. Hurley, R.D. Shanks, and M.B. Wheeler. (2007). Effects of suckling intensity on milk yield and piglet growth from lactation-enhanced gilts. Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19:318-319. Abstr. 406. Meece, A., S. He, and C.L. Keefer. 2007. Expression of LEF1 transcription factor and its novel isoforms in preimplantation embryos. Reprod. Fert. Dev. 19(1):252. Paczkowski, M.J., C. Bidwell, B. Craig, A. Lipka, J. Waddell, and R. Krisher. 2007. Effect of puberty and follicle size on gene expression in porcine oocytes. Biol. Reprod. 2008 Special Issue:229. Paczkowski, M.J., C. Bidwell, J. Waddell, D. Spurlock, and R.L. Krisher. 2008. In vitro maturation alters gene expression in mouse oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev (In Press). Park, J.H., S.L. Smith, L. Lai, M. Samuel, D. Wax, R.S. Prather, X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2007. Expression profiles of brain, kidney and lung of cloned pigs (to be presented in annual meeting of SSR, San Antonio, TX Jul 2007). Person, C.N., T. D. Lester, M. D. Person, and R. W. Rorie. 2007. Computer-assisted analysis of sperm parameters after selection of motile sperm by either percoll gradient, filtration or swim-up procedures. Southern Section, ASAS (accepted) Person, C.N., T. D. Lester, M. D. Person, and R. W. Rorie. 2007. Computer-assisted analysis of sperm parameters after selection of motile sperm by either percoll gradient,
ltration or swim-up procedures. J Anim Sci 85 (Suppl 1):538. Pope, C., S. Reiter, M. Brown, Y. Farnell, D. Baker, H. Brown, Jr., Z. Johnson, and C. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2007. Relationship between polymorphisms in lactate dehydrogenase B gene and milk characteristics in beef cows. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):44. Preis, K.A., G.E. Seidel, Jr., and D.K. Gardner. 2007. Effect of in vitro maturation medium on subsequent quantity and quality of developing embryos. Proc. American Society of Reproduction Medicine (In Press). Pryor, J.H., C.R. Looney, D. Walker, G.E. Seidel, Jr., J.F. Hasler, D.C. Kraemer, and S. Romo. 2007. Comparison between conventional direct transfer freezing and vitrification for the cryopreservation of in vivo embryos from Brahman cattle. Reprod Fertil Develop 19:224-225. Purcell, S., J. Cantlon, L. Henkes, G.E. Seidel, Jr. and R. Anthony. 2007. Expression of periattachment factor mRNA during ovine conceptus development. Biol Reprod (Special Issue), pp. 176-177. Rasheed E. and J. R. Gibbons. 2007. Endocrine dynamics of the per-pregnancy establishment period in dairy cattle. Sixth Annual Summer Program for Research Interns, Clemson University, Clemson SC. Reiter, S., M. Larson, R. Okimoto, M. Brown, H. Brown, Jr., Z. Johnson, and C. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2007. Genomic comparisons of bovine CYP3A28 of Angus, Brahman, and reciprocal crosses and milk characteristics. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):3. Seidel, G.E., Jr., M.L. Turk, P.W. Gordy, and R.A. Bowen. 2007. Recombinant bovine trypsin made in maize inactivates bovine herpes virus-1 adsorbed to the bovine zona pellucida. Reprod Fertil Dev. 19:236. Smith, S.L., X. Vignon, Y. Heyman, H.A. Lewin, X.C. Tian, J.P. Renard, and X. Yang. 2007. Different global gene expression profiles of Single, Cloned bovine embryos with different developmental competencies, The Good, the Bad and the Ugly. (to be presented in annual meeting of SSR, San Antonio, TX Jul 2007). Starkey, L., M. Looper, A. Banks, S. Reiter, and C. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2007. Identification of polymorphisms in the promoter region of the bovine heat shock protein gene and associations with bull calf weaning weight. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 2):44. Suh, T.K., and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2007. Effect of supplementary inositol 1,4,5-tri-phosphate injection on fertilization and embryo development after bovine ICSI. Reprod Fertil Dev 19:305. Sung, L.Y., S. Gao, H. Shen, H. Yu, Y. Song, S.L. Smith, K. Inoue, D.P. Tuck, S.M. Weissman, X.C. Tian, T. Cheng, and X. Yang. Are differentiated cells more efficient than adult stem cells for somatic cell cloning? (presented in StemConn07, Hartford, CT, Mar 2007). Tejomurtula, J. and J. Yao. 2007. Identification of a novel importin alpha predominantly expressed in bovine oocytes and early embryos. Biol. Reprod. 2007 Special Issue:218. Tian, X.C., S.L. Smith, R.E. Everts, P. Lonergan, F. Du, L.Y. Sung, S. Zhang, L. Yang, C. Curchoe, F. Xue A. Sommers, C.A. Green, R. Oliveira, S. Rodriguez-Zas, A.C.O. Evans, M. Boland, T. Fair, H.A. Lewin, X. Yang, X. Tian. Analyses of somatic cell nuclear reprogramming by the candidate and global gene expression approaches (to be presented in the 2nd International Meeting on Mammalian Embryogenomics, Paris, France, Oct 17-20, 2007). Tian, X.C. .Safety Concerns for Foods from Cloned Animals (to be presented in the BioEco2007, Tianjin, PR China, June 2-28, 2007). Tian, X.C. The use of DNA microarray technology to study reproduction in domestic animals (to be presented in 14th International Conference on Biotechnology in Animal Reproduction, ICBAR, Cairo, Eygpt, Aug 6-7. 2007). Walker, D.J., C.J. Wilusz, and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2007. Timing of deadenylation of GDF-9 and cyclin 3 UTR constructs in bovine oocytes. Reprod Fertil Dev 19:121. Wang, H., J.M, Feugang, N. Rodriguez-Osorio, S. Jung, K.F. Garrison, C. Wolgemuth, L. Greer, and E. Memili. 2007. Developmental biology of porcine preimplantation embryos in vitro. Abstract presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Reproduction (SSR) Biol Reprod. Special issue. Wheeler, M.B., E. Monaco, A.S. Lima, S. Wilson, D. Kim, and M. Bionaz. (2007). Identification of Reference Genes for qPCR and PPARG Gene Expression During Adipogenic Differentiation of Porcine Adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Convergence of Genomics and the Land-Grant Mission: Emerging Trends in the Application of Genomics in Agricultural Research , West Lafayette, Indiana, September 10-12, 2007, Abstr. 136. Yang, X., S.L. Smith, X.C. Tian, H.A. Lewin, J.P Renard, and T Wakayama. 2007. Nuclear reprogramming of cloned embryos - implications for therapeutic cloning (presented in StemConn 07, Hartford, CT, Mar 2007). Yuan, Y. and R. Krisher. 2007. Replacing glutamine with alanyl-glutamine in chemically defined maturation medium can increase porcine oocyte nuclear maturation in vitro. Biol Reprod 2008 Special Issue:224. Yuan, Y. and R.L. Krisher. 2008. The presence of ammonium in chemically defined maturation medium inhibits porcine oocyte nuclear maturation and subsequent embryonic development in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev (In Press). 4. MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATIONS (SEMI-TECHNICAL/LAY PUBLICATIONS) Amann, R.P. and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2007. The sex ratio riddle. Beef 43:57-58. Bogucki, J . Extraction and quantification of mitochondria from mouse livers. Undergraduate research report. Aug, 2007. Chen, J. (University Scholar). Derivation and characterization of mouse Oct4-GFP embryonic stem cells, Honors thesis. May, 2007. Coffey, K.P., W.K. Coblentz, J.D. Caldwell, C.P. West, R.K. Ogden, T. Hess, D.S. Hubbell, III, M.S. Akins, and C. F. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2007. Cow and calf performance while grazing tall fescue pastures with either the wild-type toxic endophyte or a non-toxic novel endophyte. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (AAES) Research Series 553:67-69. Ettema, J.F., D.L. Hoag, and G.E. Seidel, Jr. 2007. Economic opportunities for use of sexed semen on commercial dairy farms. Colorado Dairy News, 4 pp. Farin, P.W. 2007. Current techniques in bovine embryo transfer. Proc SAVMA Symposium 2007, Raleigh, NC, March 15-17, 2007. Farin, P.W.. 2007. Designing estrus synchronization programs for cattle. Proc SAVMA Symposium 2007, Raleigh, NC, March 15-17, 2007. Farin, P.W. and C.E. Farin. 2007. Reproductive technologies&Are they a fit for your operation? The Carolina Cattlemen's Connection, Jan. Issue. Keefer, C.L., Pommer, J, and J.M. Robl. 2007. The Role of Transgenic Livestock in the Treatment of Human Disease: Animal Agricultures Future through Biotechnology, Part 6. Council for Agricultural Science and Technology (CAST) Issue Paper 35. Kreider, D.L., K.P. Coffey, J.D. Caldwell, W.A. Whitworth, T.G. Montgomery, R. Rorie, R.W. McNew, W. Coblentz, and R.K. Ogden. 2007. Reproductive performance, blood urea nitrogen, and blood glucose concentration in beef heifers grazing annual ryegrass in the spring and supplemented at different intervals prior to timed AI. AAES Research Series 55:41-44. Looper, M. L., T. P. Neidecker, C. W. Wall, S. T. Reiter, R. Flores, A. H. Brown, Jr., Z. B. Johnson, and C. F. Rosenkrans, Jr. 2007. Relationship of lactate dehydrogenase activity with body measurements of Angus x Charolais cows and calves. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (AAES) Research Series 553:13-15. Park, J.H., S. Smith, C. Curchoe, L. Lai, M. Samuel, D. Wax, R. Prather, X. Yang, and X.C. Tian. 2007. Nuclear Reprogramming Is Not Associated With Maternal Lineage Of Recipient Oocytes. College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Graduate Forum. University of Connecticut. Person, C.N., T.D. Lester, M.D. Person, and R.W. Rorie. 2007. Effects of penicillamine, hypotaurine and epinephrine (PHE) on post-thaw bovine sperm parameters, as measured by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (AAES) Research Series 55:49-52. Person, C.N., T.D. Lester, M.D. Person, and R.W. Rorie. 2007. Computer-assisted analysis of sperm parameters after selection of motile sperm by either percoll gradient, filtration or swim-up procedures. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (AAES) Research Series 55:53-55. Powell, J.G., A.H. Brown, T.A. Yazwinski, R.A. Rorie, Z.B. Johnson, and J.L. Reynolds. 2007. Influence of reproductive tract score on pregnancy in angus heifers. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (AAES) Research Series 55:39-40. Rorie, R.W. and T.D. Lester. 2007. Effect of bovine somatotropin treatment on AI pregnancy rate in dairy heifers. Arkansas Agricultural Experiment Station (AAES) Research Series 55: 47-48. Seidel, G.E., Jr. 2007. Superovulation in mammals. In: The Encyclopedia of Biotechnology in Agriculture and Food, D.R. Holdman, A. Bridges, D. Hoover and M.B. Wheeler, eds. Marcel Dekker, NY. Seidel, G.E., Jr. 2007. Use of ultrasound for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle. National Cattleman, Special Producer Edition, p. 15. VanEtten, T.L. and M.B. Wheeler. 2007. Evaluation of a novel electronic estrus detection device. Illinois Dairy Report: Getting it Right, pgs 74-76. Wang, H., T. Spires, and E. Memili. 2007. Test Tube Pigs are Now a Reality. National Hog Farmer December 2007 issue. Wheeler, M.B. 2007. The use of gender-selected semen in dairy production schemes. Illinois Dairy Report: Getting it Right, pgs 72-73.