Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

(September 16, 2007. Omni Interlochen Hotel, Bloomfield, OH) S1025 committee chair, Wendy Powers, called meeting to order at 5:45pm on September 16, 2007. After introductions by each of the individuals in attendance, Wendy Powers updated the group from last years (June 2006) committee meeting in Potomac, MD. Objectives of the projected were addressed to the committee for action during the coming year. The Administrative Advisor, Ron Lacewell informed the group that annual reports for the second year of this five year project are due in 60 days. Participants need to submit their state/station reports to S1025 Secretary Ken Casey by September 30, 2007 using the designated form, so he will have time to assemble them into a combined annual project report that will be uploaded to the project website. It was pointed out that after this meeting, Wendy Power will be the past Chair, Lingjuan Wang will be the Chair and Ken Casey will be the vice Chair (Chair-elect) of the Committee. CSREES representatives Richard (Dick) Hegg expressed his support to this group and reported USDA special grant status as well as other possible funding opportunities such as USDA NRI, USDA REE. Brent Auvermann presented an overview of S1032 to the group and the group discussed the potential collaboration with S1032 and has a joint meeting next year in Nebraska. Garrett L. Van Wicklen at University of Delaware was selected as incoming secretary of the committee. Meeting attendees also gave brief (5 -10) minutes updates of their air quality activities from their states and/or organizations. It was proposed that the oral reports will be dropped at annual meeting and use some of meeting time to invite people talking to the group Next years meeting for S1025 will tentatively be held jointly with S1032 meeting in Nebraska in May. Wendy Power and Larry Jacobson volunteered to contact S1032 chair John Classen for further details and arrangement. The meeting was adjourned around 9:25 pm.

Activities for the reporting period focused on the following objectives: 1. Determine gaseous emission rates/factors of livestock facilities for representative housing types, manure-handling practices, and seasonal and regional differences typically encountered by the U.S. industry; 2. Quantify the efficacy of selected methods for aerial emissions abatement through dietary manipulation and manure management; 3. Quantify the effectiveness of new housing designs in term of environment control and energy efficiency. 4. Provide research-based information that can be used for establishment of realistic guidelines on gaseous emissions from livestock operations; and 5. Educate industry stakeholders on means to minimize adverse impacts on environmental and natural resources while maintaining or improving their production efficiency. Specific accomplishments for the reporting period included: " Gas (NH3 and H2S) and particulate matter (PM) emissions are being measured semi-continuously from pig, poultry and dairy buildings as part of the National Air Emissions Monitoring Study (NAEMS). (MN, IN, CA, NY, IA, NC, TX, WA) " Odor emission measurements are being added at four NAEMS animal building sites using both standard human sensory (dynamic forced-choice olfactometry), and a novel chemical analysis technique (GC/MS/O) for odorous compounds found in these emissions. The sensory and chemical methods would be correlated to gain both quantitative and qualitative understanding of odor emissions from animal buildings. (MN, IA, IN, TX) " GHG (Greenhouse Gases) emissions are being added to the NAEMS and Turkey emissions projects to determine CH4, N2O, and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) emissions from the dairy and turkey buildings respectively. (MN) " Ammonia (NH3) and particulate matter (PM) emissions are being monitored from turkey grow-out barns in IA (Toms) and in MN (hens) that have had a section retrofitted with a mechanical ventilation system to accommodate more accurate airflow (and thus emission) measurements. (IA & MN) " NH3 and H2S emissions determined from one room (1200 head) of a mechanically tunnel ventilated pig finishing barn showed a disproportionate mass of these two gases were exhausted from the barn through pit vs. wall fans. Based upon similar magnitudes of NH3 and H2S concentrations measured in the center of the barn for all four; 0, 7, 17, and 34 m3/hr-pig pit ventilation cases used in the experiment, it was concluded that pit ventilation has little effect on the barns indoor air quality. PM10 concentrations and emissions from the pit fans are lower than it is for the wall fans. (MN) " Robust and low-cost instrument packages to measure ammonia concentrations and fan airflow rates to calculate ammonia emissions from broiler houses are currently being tested on a broiler fan in North Carolina. (NC) " A wind tunnel for sampler evaluation has been developed at UIUC and another modified at Texas A&M. as part of a project to investigate the existing sampling methods and sampler performance for particulate matter and quantify their bias when sampling PM from agricultural sources. The evaluation also includes the particle cut size and sampling efficiency for large particles; A DSP sampling head has been modified for field data collection using a high rate sheathing flow to measure particle size distributions of particulate matter emitted from concentrated swine, poultry and cattle feeding operations using four state-of-the-art instrumentations. (IL & TX) " Experiments in a mechanically ventilated swine building showed that the spatial distribution of particulate matter (PM) and ammonia (NH3) concentrations differ in winter and summer due to the different airflow patterns. These results are important in the strategic location of the samplers in the building. Laboratory experiments showed that the type of ventilation system had a significant effect on the spatial distribution of both particles and CO2. CFD simulation showed that the magnitude of the predicted concentration were significantly higher than those of the measured concentrations primarily due to the assumption of the particle generation rate. (IL) " A BioCurtain®, which is a type of wind-break wall, is being evaluated for effectiveness to reduce odor and H2S emissions from a tunnel ventilated swine barn. (SD) " A vertical biofilter was constructed and monitored adjacent to the swine research bam at the South Dakota SE Experiment Station. (SD) " Vegetative environmental buffers are being evaluated as a technology to mitigate odor and aerosol pollutants emitted from poultry production sites. (DE, PA, IA, AR, SD) " An Electrostatic Space Charge System was installed in a swine finishing bam. Indoor dust was compared between the room with the unit and a room without. (SD) " Modification and testing is complete on a novel regenerating type scrubber for reducing ammonia emissions in the pit exhaust of swine houses. (NC) " Design, construction and evaluation of an open water curtain for reducing emissions of ammonia and PM from tunnel ventilated broiler houses. The water containing the pollutants will be either biologically treated or injected to adjacent hay fields, based on convenience and cost. (AR) " Results from a series of trials that evaluated various litter amendments in their ability to reduce ammonia volatilization and mitigation from poultry facilities indicated that: 1) litter treatments are effective in reducing litter pH and ammonia volatilization, 2) aerobic and anaerobic bacterial levels are lower in pens that contain higher amounts of litter treatment, specifically Salmonella 3) improvements in growth performance may be possible with the use of litter treatments, 4) nutrient retention of nitrogen occurs as a result of an appreciable reduction in ammonia volatilization, 5) not all litter treatments are equally effective and higher levels of treatment may be required to provide long-term effectiveness, 6) the useful life of litter may be extended with the use of a litter treatment, and 7) litter treatment usage provides the producer with methods for improving the economic viability of their poultry production facility. (AL) " A simplified method to evaluate litter volatilization was evaluated under a greater variety of experimental conditions with the hope that it will be adopted as a method to assist the grower in evaluating litter conditioning and litter treatment effectiveness under commercial conditions. (AL) " Researchers at Michigan State University have cooperated with researchers at the University of Maryland and Iowa State University to demonstrate effective diet modification strategies to reduce air emissions while maintaining poultry performance and reasonable diet costs. (MI) " Preliminary field study has shown indication that the use of surface aeration to control odor is feasible and achievable at the farm level, provided that the aeration efficiency of the system can be further improved. Improvement include: increasing oxygen transfer efficiency by designing an aerator complex (or module) using multiple venturi air injectors connected in series or parallel manner to increase air entrapment into the liquid and conducting extensive manure tests with the two best aerator modules (one from each configuration) to determine aeration efficiency, with the best one advancing to the field test and field testing the aeration system built on the selected aerator module on two lagoons (a swine lagoon in Minnesota and a first-stage poultry lagoon in Texas). (MN & TX) " A pilot-project bench-top laboratory study used a microtunnel apparatus to determine emission rates from a sample of 100 ml of fresh swine manure placed in a 250-ml Erlenmeyer flask at four different airflow rates. Findings indicate that even though gas (NH3 and H2S) concentration decreased with increasing airflow rate, the emission rate remained constant. In using SPME fibers, little collection of VOC was observed. (MN) " Clinoptilolite, a zeolite mineral was evaluated for its potential to reduce ammonia emitted from broiler houses. A lab experiment was conducted with 4 different rates (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg/m2) of clinoptilolite applied on broiler litter. Rectangular plastic boxes were filled uniformly with a 0.15 m deep layer (13.6 kg) of litter, and top dressed with the four rates of clinoptilolite. Each box was closed on the top such that air moved in through the vents on one side when the exhaust fan pumped out the ammonia laden air on the other side. Ammonia concentration in the exhaust air was monitored with Polytron II electrochemical ammonia sensors. Ambient concentration of ammonia was monitored with a gas analyzer. Polytron sensors were purged for 30 minutes after every 3 hrs of monitoring. Ammonia concentration was recorded every 5 min. Data analysis showed that clinoptilolite was able to decrease ammonia concentrations by over 60% during the time it was monitored. Higher rates of clinoptilolite did not change the ammonia concentration in the exhaust air. Clinoptilolite also minimized the fluctuations in ammonia concentrations in response to ambient temperature. (AR) " Energy use by poultry housing is being monitored and evaluated at farms with housing of different size, age, lighting type and insulation level. (DE) " A detailed protocol and methodology was developed and field tested that substantiates the air emission reduction values (odor, H2S, NH3, and PM10) for new odor and air emissions mitigation technologies. A H2S and NH3 HRV screening tool (MN-SET  Minnesota Setback Estimation Tool, which also incorporates odor  old OFFSET) to estimate setback distances from property lines and air quality levels at receptors near feedlots was developed and is being tested by county and state staff. (MN).

Extension Publications and Popular Articles Malone, G.W. Amendments: Their role and use. Watt Poultry USA. pp 58-59. November 2006. Malone, G.W. (contributing author). Broiler Production and the Environment: University of Maryland Publication EB 368. 2006. Handbooks, Technical Bulletins, Theses, Dissertations, and Circulars Burns, R. T., H. Xin, R. S. Gates, S. Hoff and L. Moody. 2006. Southeastern Broiler Gaseous and Particulate Matter Emission Monitoring Quality Assurance Project Plan. Unpublished report available at: http://www.abe.iastate.edu/wastemgmt/ Burns, R. T., H. Xin, R. S. Gates, H. Li, S. Hoff, L. Moody, D. Overhults and J. Earnest. Tyson Broiler Ammonia Emission Project: Final Report. Unpublished report available at: http://www.abe.iastate.edu/wastemgmt/ Journal Articles and Abstracts Blake, J. P., J. B. Hess, K. S. Macklin and C. A. Wilson. 2007. Evaluation of hydrated lime as a litter treatment at three application rates for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 86: 591 (Abstract #708). Blake, J. P., J. B. Hess, K. S. Macklin and C. A. Wilson. 2007. Evaluation of Poultry Guard litter treatment at three application rates for broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 86: 591 (Abstract #709). Blake, J. P., J. B. Hess, K. S. Macklin and C. A. Wilson. 2007. Evaluation of Poultry Litter Treatment (PLT) at three application rates for broiler chickens. Southern Poult. Sci. Soc., Atlanta, GA. (Abstract #T119). Blake, J. P., J. B. Hess, K. S. Macklin and C. A. Wilson. 2007. Evaluation of Aluminum Sulfate (Alum) at three application rates for broiler chickens. Southern Poult. Sci. Soc., Atlanta, GA. (Abstract #T120). Cai, L, J.A. Koziel, Y. Liang, A.T. Nguyen and H. Xin. 2007. Evaluation of zeolite for control of odorants emissions from simulated poultry manure storage. J. Environ. Qual. 36: 184-193. Casey, K.D., S.E. Ford, J.W. McClure, Y. Zhang and R.S. Gates. 2006. Determining fan performance using FANS: an investigation of performance impacts. App. Eng. Agric. 23: 333-338. Guarino, M., L. D. Jacobson, K. A. Janni. Dust Reduction from Oil-Based Feed Additives. App. Eng. Agric. 23: 329-332. Heber, A.J., J.-Q. Ni, T.-T. Lim, P.C. Tao, A.M. Schmidt, J.A. Koziel, D. B. Beasley, S.J. Hoff, R. E. Nicolai, L.D. Jacobson, and Y. Zhang. 2006. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: Gas concentrations. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 56: 1472-1483. Heber, A.J., T.-T. Lim; J.-Q. Ni; P.C. Tao, A.M. Schmidt, J.A. Koziel, S.J. Hoff, L.D. Jacobson, Y. Zhang, and G.B. Baughman. 2006. Quality assured measurements of animal building emissions: Particulate matter concentrations. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 56: 1642-1648. Hoff, S. J., D. S. Bundy, M. A. Huebner, B. C. Zelle, L. D. Jacobson, A. J. Heber, J. Ni, Y. Zhang, J. A. Koziel, and D. B. Beasley. 2006. Emission of ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, and odor before, and after slurry removal from a deep-pit swine finisher. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 56: 550-559. Jerez, S. B, Y. Zhang, J. McClure, L. Jacobson, A. Heber, S. Hoff, J. Koziel, and D. B. Beasley. 2006. Comparison of measured total suspended particulate matter concentration using tapered element oscillating microbalance and a TSP sampler. J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 56: 261-270. Li, B., S. E. Ford, Y. Li, and Y. Zhang. 2006. Development of a fan testing chamber for agricultural and horticultural fans in china. App. Eng. Agric. 22: 115-119. Macklin, K. S., J. P. Blake, J. B. Hess, and R. A. Norton. 2007. Litter bacterial levels associated with Poultry Guard. Poult. Sci. 86: 592 (Abstract #710). Macklin, K. S., J. P. Blake, J. B. Hess, and R. A. Norton. 2007. Bacterial levels associated with poultry litter treatment (PLT) and aluminum sulfate (Alum). Southern Poultr. Sci. Soc., Atlanta, GA. (Abstract #P159). Nicolai, R. E., C. J. Clanton, K. A. Janni, and G. L. Malzer. 2006. Ammonia removal during biofiltration as affected by inlet air temperature and media moisture content. Trans. ASABE. 49: 1125-1138. Ocfemia, K., Y. Zhang and T. L. Funk. 2006. Hydrothermal process of swine manure into oil using a continuous reactor system: development and testing. Trans. ASABE: 49: 533-541 Ocfemia, K., Y. Zhang and T. L. Funk. 2006. Hydrothermal processing of swine manure to oil using a continuous reactor system: effects of operating parameters on oil yield and quality. Trans. ASABE 49: 1897-1963. Panetta, D.M., W.J. Powers, H. Xin, B.J. Kerr, and K.J. Stalder. 2006. Nitrogen excretion and ammonia emissions from pigs fed reduced crude protein diets or yucca extract. J. Environ. Qual. 35: 1297-1308. Conference Proceedings and Unpublished Presentations Amaral, M. F. P., R. S. Gates, E. G. Wilkerson, D. G. Overhults, I. F.F. Tinoco, H. Li, R. T. Burns, H. Xin and J. W. Earnest. 2007. Comparison between two systems for ammonia emission monitoring in broiler houses. Proc. of the International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture, 15-19 September. Broomfield, CO. ASABE: St. Joseph, MI. Bajwa, S. G., and H. Gadiraju. 2007. Laboratory evaluation of Clinoptilolite for ammonia emission mitigation from broiler litter. In. Proc. International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. Sept. 15-19, Broomfield, CO. Blake, J. P., J. B. Hess, and K. S. Macklin. 2006. Alternatives to shavings and litter amendments. 6 pp. In: Summary 2006 Alabama Broiler Industry Workshop, Alabama Poultry and Egg Association, Auburn, AL. Burns, R. T., H. Xin, R. S. Gates, H. Li, D. G. Overhults, L. Moody and J. W. Earnest. 2007. Ammonia emissions from poultry broiler systems in the southeastern United States. Proc. of the International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture, 15-19 September. Broomfield, CO. ASABE: St. Joseph, MI. Burns, R. T., H. Xin, R. S. Gates, H. Li, L. B. Moody, D. G. Overhults, J. Earnest and S. Hoff. 2007. Continuous monitoring method for ammonia emissions from poultry broiler houses in the United States. Page in: Ammonia Conference Abstract Book, Monteny, G.-J., E. Hartung, M. van den Top and D. Starmans, editors. 18-21 March, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Wageningen Academic Publishers. 171 pp. Casey, K. D., R. S. Gates, E. F. Wheeler, H. Xin and Y. Liang. 2007. Quantifying uncertainty for the multi-state broiler ammonia emissions project. Page 154 in: Ammonia Conference Abstract Book, Monteny, G.-J., E. Hartung, M. van den Top and D. Starmans, editors. 18-21 March, Wageningen, The Netherlands. Wageningen Academic Publishers. 171 pp. Jacobson, L. D., A. J. Heber, S. J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, D. B. Beasley, J. A. Koziel. 2007. Aerial Pollutants Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings. Presented at the Conference on Ammonia in Agriculture: Policy, Science, Control, and Implementation. March 20, 2007, Ede, The Netherlands Jacobson, L. D., B. P. Hetchler, and D. R. Schmidt. 2007. Protocol and techniques to evaluate emission control technologies from animal production operations. ASAE Paper No. 074128. Presented at the ASAE International Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, June 17-20, 2007, St. Joseph, MI: ASABE Jacobson, L. D., B. P. Hetchler, and D. R. Schmidt. 2007. Sampling pit and wall emission for H2S, NH3, CO2, PM, & odor from deep-pit pig finishing facilities. Presented at the International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. Sept 15-19, 2007. Broomfield, CO. ASABE: St. Joseph, MI Jacobson, L. D., B. P. Hetchler, V. Johnson, C. J. Clanton, and D.R. Schmidt. 2006. Minimizing pit emissions from pig barns to optimize "catch and treat" mitigation technologies like biofilters. ASAE Paper No. 064191. Presented at the ASAE International Meeting. Portland, OR, July 9-12, 2006, St. Joseph, MI.: ASAE Liu, Z., L. Wang, D.B. Beasley, and E. Oviedo. 2007. Modeling ammonia emissions from broiler litter with a dynamic flow-through chamber system. ASABE Paper No. 074090. Presented at the 2007 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) Annual International Meeting. Minneapolis, MN. Liu, Z., L. Wang, D.B. Beasley. 2006. A review of emission models of ammonia released from broiler houses. ASABE Paper No.064101. Presented at the 2006 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) Annual International Meeting, Portland, OR. Malone, G. W. Design and implementation of vegetative environmental buffers for poultry farms. Virginia Natural Resource and Conservation Service. January 5, 2006. Accomack, VA. Malone, G. W. Lessons learned using vegetative environmental buffers for poultry farms. Delmarva NRCS Vegetative Environmental Buffer Training. July 31, 2007. Denton, MD. Malone, G. W. Vegetative environmental buffers for poultry farms. Frasier Valley Poultry Environmental Conference. July 13, 2006. Abbotsford, BC Canada. Malone, G. W., G, VanWicklen, S. Collier and D. Hansen. Efficacy of vegetative environmental buffers to capture emissions from tunnel ventilated poultry houses. Proc. of Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality. pp.875-878. June 7, 2006. Potomac, MD. Malone, G. W., J. Windsor, D. Abbott and S. Collier. Establishment of Vegetative Environmental Buffers Around Poultry Farms. Proc. of Workshop on Agricultural Air Quality. pp. 879-880. June 7, 2006. Potomac, MD. Schmidt, D. R., L. Jacobson. 2006. Hydrogen Sulfide Dispersion, Summary of Model Farms. ASAE paper #064135. St. Joseph, MI.: ASAE Schulte, D. D., M. R. Modi, C. G. Henry, R. R. Stowell, D. P. Billesbach, S. J. Hoff, and L. D. Jacobson. Modeling Odor Dispersion From a Swine Facility Using AERMOD. Presented at the International Symposium on Air Quality and Waste Management for Agriculture. Sept 15-19, 2007. Broomfield, CO. St. Joseph, MI.: ASABE Van Wicklen, G. L. 2006. Economics of propane vs. feed use in turkey housing. Pennsylvania Poultry Sales & Service Conference. State College, PA Van Wicklen, G. L. 2006. Energy efficient poultry houses. West Virginia Poultry Federation Fall Seminar. Moorefield, WV. Van Wicklen, G. L. 2007. Energy efficient houses. Virginia Poultry Federation Annual Meeting. Roanoke, VA. Van Wicklen, G. L. 2007. Energy: cost share programs and new technologies. Delmarva Breeder and Grow-Out Conferenc. Ocean City, MD. Van Wicklen, G. L. 2007. Reducing poultry house energy costs. Cargill Turkey Growers Workshop. Harrisonburg, VA. Van Wicklen, G. L. 2006. Energy efficient poultry houses. Delmarva Breeder, Hatchery & Grow-out Conference. Ocean City, MD. Wang, L. E. Oviedo, Z. Liu, R. Munilla and D. B. Beasley. 2007. Field evaluation of Ozonation technology for ammonia control in broiler houses. ASABE Paper No. 074135. Presented at the 2007 American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) Annual International Meeting. Minneapolis, MN. Wheeler, E. F., R. S. Gates, H. Xin, K. Casey, P. Topper and Y. Liang. 2007. 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