Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The annual meeting of the S-1013 technical committee was called to order on June 4 and 5, 2007 at the Community Center, Limon, CO. Dr. Sid DeRouen opened the meeting at 1:30 P.M. on June 4 with introductions. Dr. DeRouen then announced members for this years resolutions committee, which included Dr. Andy Herring, Dr. Bill Holloway, and Dr. Hayden Brown and members for the nominating committee, which included Dr. Jim Sanders, Dr. David Riley, and Dr. Bob Godfrey. Station reports were presented in alphabetical order. Dr. Hayden Brown gave the report for Arkansas, highlighting their contribution to Objective 3. Dr. David Riley reported research findings for Florida (Brooksville) with their contribution to Objectives 1, 2, 3, and 4. Dr. Johnny Rossi provided a report of their contribution to Objective 3 from Georgia (Tifton). Dr. Sid DeRouen from Louisiana (Hill Farm Research Station, Homer) gave a report highlighting contributions to Objective 3. Dr. Wayne Wyatt from Louisiana (Iberia Research Station, Jeanerette) provided a report highlighting contributions made toward Objective 3. Dr. Don Franke, from Louisiana (Baton Rouge), gave a report for their contribution to Objectives 2 and 3. Dr. Jim Sanders, from Texas A&M University, provided a report on their contributions to Objectives 2, 3, and 4. The committee ended the afternoon session and had dinner at the Limon Community Center. The speaker for the evening session was Kit Pharo of Pharo Cattle Company in Cheyenne Wells, Co. He gave a presentation titled From Production to Profit in Ranching. On June 5, 2007, the meeting was called to order by Chair Dr. Rhonda Vann at 8 A.M. and the meeting resumed with station reports. Dr. Bill Holloway provided a report from Texas (Texas Agricultural Experiment Station-Uvalde) for their contributions to Objectives 2, 3, and 4. Dr. Rhonda Vann from Mississippi (Brown Loam Experiment Station, Raymond) provided a report of contributions to Objective 3. Dr. Bob Godfrey from the University of the Virgin Islands Agricultural Experiment Station provided a report on his contributions to Objective 3. At the conclusion of the station reports, Dr. Rhonda Vannn opened the business meeting. The nominating report was given by Dr. Sanders and the committee nominated Dr. Wyatt for secretary. The motion to accept the nomination was made by Dr. Herring and seconded by Dr. Franke. The motion passed with all members in favor of the nomination. Officers for next year will be as follows: Chair-Dr. Sid DeRouen, Chair-elect-Dr. Johnny Rossi, and Secretary-Dr. Wayne Wyatt. Dr. Herring read the resolutions report and the motion to accept the resolutions was made by Dr. Brown and seconded by Dr. DeRouen, with all members in favor of acceptance of the resolutions. Dr. David Morrison gave the administrative adviser report and reminded the group that the annual report was due within 60 days of the meeting. Dr. Vann asked all the committee members to submit their reports by July 1 to complete the Annual Research Activity Accomplishment Report. Dr. Morrison discussed with the group the possibility of asking for a one-year extension of the project to push the termination date back to 9-30-09. Dr. Sid DeRouen will be in charge of developing the justification to request the extension and will solicit assistance from the objective coordinators in this regard. The extension request is due by October 1, 2007. Dr. Morrison asked that the extension request be sent to him by September 1, 2007. He also discussed the need to begin planning for a replacement project proposal. He indicated that a rough draft of the proposal will be due by March 1 of 2009 so that all necessary reviews and revisions can occur for approval by CSREES before October 1, 2009. Dr. Sanders suggested that the committee meet at the Southern Section ASAS Meetings in February 2008 and to begin the process of identifying needed research areas. In addition, Dr. Morrison mentioned that an impact statement for the entire project is due within 60 days after termination of the current project. This is a new requirement instituted this year. Dr. Andy Herring was thanked for updating the project website. Dr. Morrison also indicated that we need to start discussing how we are going to pool data among the different states. We need to have a serious discussion at next years meeting and possibly set aside time at next years meeting to discuss the matter. Dr. Franke said we need to publish the information in journals and bulletins and in joint publications. He also indicated that it is acceptable to publish data that is not exactly matched among the different states. Dr. Sanders discussed the need to catalog and document the samples collected for Objective 4. This would help in making the DNA available to share with other researchers. Dr. Franke had invited Dr. Mark Thallman of MARC to attend this meeting, and indicated that he would be able to help with analysis of DNA. Dr. Vann initiated discussion on the location of next years meeting. Dr. Hayden Brown offered to host the meetings in Fayetteville, Arkansas and the meeting dates will be similar to this year, but no definite dates were finalized. A motion was made by Dr. Sanders to meet in Arkansas and was seconded by Dr. Riley with all members in favor. Dr. DeRouen discussed the need to possibly set aside one-half day to discuss pooling the S-1013 data and one-half day to discuss a proposal for a new project. Dr. Herring suggested we use one-half day to discuss both topics and do some pre-planning before next years meeting. Dr. Vann discussed the possibility of meeting at this years Southern Section meeting to begin discussing this matter. We need to find out what time the Breeding and Genetics section is held and plan the meeting around that session. Dr. Brown asked if the milk data from S-277 was still going to be analyzed. The status of the milk data was not evident at this time. Dr. Wyatt also indicated that we need to get more states involved in our project and that we should invite researchers from other states to attend. Dr. Holloway made a motion to adjourn the meeting which was seconded by Dr. Herring. The group then broke for lunch and prepared for the afternoon tour. After lunch, the group traveled to Pharo Cattle Company at Cheyenne Wells to tour the ranch of Kit Pharo. On the morning of June 6, 2007, the group traveled to Lasater Ranch in Matheson, CO. The group toured the ranch and had lunch provided courtesy of the Lasater Ranch. This concluded the meeting of the S-1013 technical committee. Respectively submitted, Johnny Rossi, Secretary

Objective 1: Determine heterosis effects in crosses representing two or more diverse, tropically adapted beef breeds. Florida USDA/ARS, STARS - For most calf traits preweaning or at weaning, estimates of heterosis for Angus-Romosinuano were lowest (about 6% of the straightbred average); those for Romosinuano-Brahman were intermediate (about 9%) and those for Brahman-Angus were largest (greater than 10%). Estimates of heterosis for age at first calving and calf crop born and weaned for Romosinuano-Brahman cross cows were almost as high as levels expressed by Brahman-Angus cross cows. Objective 2: Characterize diverse, tropically adapted beef breeds in subtropical and temperate areas of the United States. Louisiana, Baton Rouge - Cow breed types rank about the same at both locations except for 205 d weight of calves. Brangus- and Romosinuano-sired cows appear slightly inferior to Beefmaster- and Bonsmara-sired cows in Louisiana and Romosinuano-sired cows appear slightly inferior in Nebraska. Texas A&M University  College Station/McGregor - For the F1 cows born in 1992 and 1993, and sired by Boran, Brahman and Tuli bulls, calves have been produced from 1994 to 2007. Different sire breeds have been used in different years, and breed of sire of calf is almost completely confounded with year. Within a given year, all cows were bred to the same bulls. There were no significant differences in birth weight due to sire breed of the dam. Calves out of Brahman sired cows were heaviest (P < 0.05) at weaning, and those out of Tuli sired cows were lightest (P < 0.05). Means for mature cow weight and condition score were taken in 2000, when the cows were from 7 to 8 years of age. The Brahman sired cows were about 87 kg heavier than the Tuli- and Boran sired cows. Boran crosses have had the highest calf crop born and weaned and Tuli crosses have been intermediate. Mouths were scored in 2004, 2005 and 2006. The adjusted proportions scored as having either solid or broken mouths were higher (P < 0.05) in the Boran crosses (95%) and Brahman crosses (94%) than in the Tuli crosses (78%). Adjusted proportions scored as having solid mouths were higher (P < 0.05) in the Brahman crosses (53%) than in the Tuli crosses (24%); the Boran crosses were intermediate (39%). Cows were culled for severe injuries, poor health or at least two failures to have or wean a calf. Percentages of cows remaining in the herd in 2004 were 69, 52, and 50 for the Boran, Brahman and Tuli crosses. Corresponding percentages remaining in the herd in 2005 were 61, 43, and 44, and in 2006 were 56, 36, and 27, respectively. Cows sired by Boran bulls and out of cows of the British beef breeds have been found to be extremely productive under central Texas conditions. Texas A&M University  Uvalde  Continued evaluation of cow efficiency for Brahman, Tuli and Senepol cows and evaluation of the proportion of females born from 1992 to 1995 and remaining in the herd in 2005. Only the better cows were left in the herd at an older age so if age is put in the model, it gets equal weighting. In addition, evaluation of pasture utilization and socializing of two Bonsmara bulls per breeding groups in pastures of various sizes. These bulls would socialize around the noon hour near watering stations and otherwise dispersed throughout the pastures after that, in addition the bulls formed harems and the pasture utility and cycility was similar between groups averaged over the months of evaluation. Future directions might involve Brangus X Bonsmara diallel, consistent quality beef utilizing Bonsmara genetics and beef cow adaptation. Objective 3: Determine genetic variation in disposition and parasite resistance in beef cattle and their association with economically important traits. Florida USDA/ARS, STARS - Direct breed effects (unfavorable Brahman effect in all cases) appeared to be the important genetic effect for all traits related to temperament. Florida, NFREC, Marianna - Direct breed effects (unfavorable Brahman effect in all cases) appeared to be the important genetic effect for all traits related to temperament. Temperament scores were not related to residual feed intake, feed conversion ratio or average daily gain. Louisiana, Baton Rouge - Breed is an important source of variation for postweaning traits. Higher fecal egg count reduces postweaning average daily gain and appears to be similar within breeds. Sire differences within breed were important for AVG FEC. University of Virgin Islands - Results show that the temperament of Senepol calves does not change significantly over time after weaning. Evaluation of temperament using exit velocity will be used in future studies. As management of the cow herd is changed to a spring and fall calving system, calves will be evaluated at weaning and at intervals post-weaning to determine the relationship among chute score, exit velocity and calf growth performance traits. University of Georgia-Tifton - Feedlot performance and carcass traits with the exception of greater marbling for Angus steers is similar among Angus, Brangus, and Braford steers. Feedlot ADG appears to be negatively correlated with chute exit velocity at d 120, but not at d 365. There were few significant correlations with exit velocity and carcass traits, with the exception of marbling score in Braford steers. Future plans for the coming year are to continue to collect exit velocity data on Angus, Braford, and Brangus heifers through weaning of their first calf. Continue summarization of steer feedlot performance and carcass traits. Collect and summarize exit velocity, performance and pregnancy data of Angus, Brangus, and Braford heifers. Texas A&M University  College Station/McGregor - All nine calf crops (spring and fall of 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 and spring of 2007) of embryo transfer calves have been produced. The steers from the first six calf crops have been fed individually and slaughtered. The heifers produced in the project are exposed to Angus bulls (at about 14 months of age) to calve at two years of age; fall-born heifers are exposed again at about 20 months of age. Thereafter, all cows are bred for spring calves. The steers from the spring 2006 calf crop have recently been placed on feed to evaluate individual feed consumption and gain. The calves from the first eight calf crops have been scored for disposition by a panel of four evaluators. For the scores assigned shortly after weaning, the scores from the four different evaluators were averaged before the data were analyzed; note that the different component scores are highly correlated (0.81 or higher, in all cases) with each other and with the overall disposition score. The simple correlations between the different measures of disposition taken on the steers in their feeding pens shortly before slaughter (at about 18 months of age) indicate that (as with the scores taken shortly after weaning) the scores for nervousness, flightiness, and gregariousness were highly correlated (0.61 or higher) with each other and with the overall disposition score. However, in contrast to the scores taken shortly after weaning, the scores for aggressiveness were negatively correlated (but not significant) with the scores for nervousness, flightiness, and gregariousness; the correlation between aggressiveness and overall disposition score was small and positive (0.19). This apparent difference in the relationship between aggressiveness and the other measures of disposition at the two different ages deserves some additional discussion. This difference seems to be due to both (1) the difference in tameness of the cattle at the two different ages and (2) the manner in which the scores are given at the two different ages. Scores for overall disposition taken at different points in the animals life were all positive and significant. In future analyses, models with and without sequence will be compared to hopefully determine the optimal approach for mapping genetic differences for disposition. A substantial amount of variation for disposition both within and between the families has been found. Louisiana, Hill Farm Research Station - Correlations between chute score (CS) and 205-d weight and exit velocity (EV) and 205-d weight were not important (P > 0.10). Sire differences in CS and EV were not important (P > 0.20) when measured in July, but were important (P < 0.01) when measured at weaning. Correlations among CS and EV with pregnancy rate were, in general, not important (P > 0.05). Slow heifers, when measured at weaning, tended to have higher (P < 0.10) postweaning gains compared with fast heifers. Slow heifers, when measured at beginning and end of breeding had higher (P < 0.05) postweaning gains than fast heifers. Pregnancy rate did not differ (P > 0.52) among slow, medium, and fast heifers when measured at weaning, spring, summer, or fall. Sire differences in CS and EV among Angus-sired heifers were not important (P > 0.05). Correlations among winter and fall cow CS and EV for 2-yr old first-calf cows with second exposure pregnancy rate and calf 205-d weight were not important (P > 0.15) except for cow winter and fall EV affecting calf 205-d weight (P < 0.10). Correlations among summer and fall calf CS and EV with 205-d weight were not important (P > 0.15) except for summer calf EV (P < 0.01). Louisiana, Iberia Research Station - Data were collected for the fourth year of the study. Results based upon preliminary data and simple analyses preclude conclusive statements regarding the data. Sires of heifers, within breed, do appear to differ for the traits studied. Chute exit velocity and mean postweaning weight are negatively associated in Angus sires, but not in Brangus sires. There is a tendency for hair luster score to be positively associated with fecal egg count in Angus sires, not in Brangus sires. Hair coat luster and length scores are highly correlated in both Angus and Brangus sires. Interestingly, there appears to be little association between chute temperament score and exit velocity in sire effects of Angus sires, but a strong relationship exists in Brangus sires. University of Arkansas - Weights, hip heights, temperament scores and fecal egg counts on two groups of spring-born Angus calves (n=361) were available for this study. Calves were chute scored, weighed, measured, and fecal sampled at weaning in the fall of each year. At weaning (d 0) each calf received fenbendazole at the rate of 10 mg/kg BW. Chute scores were determined on a scale of 1 to 5 with 1 being extremely docile and 5 being berserk frenzy. Calves were the progeny of 14 sires. Data (n = 127) for analysis were BW, hip height, chute score, and fecal egg counts determined at d 0, 21, 66, 111, 156, 201, and 246. Strongyles and Nematodirus egg counts were normalized with a log 10(X + 1) transformation. The interactions of location x day, and sex x day were significant for chute score, log Strongyles and log Nematodirus. The interaction of age of dam x day was non-significant for all traits. There were no differences (P > 0.05) among sires for chute score, but sire effects were significant for log Strongyles (P = 0.01) and log Nematodirus (P = 0.06). Age of dam was significant for log Strongyles, but not for log Nematodirus and chute score. Chute scores were correlated with day 21 BW (-0.34, P = 0.01) and hip height (-0.29, P = 0.01). These data suggest that individual animal variation exists for calf temperament and internal parasite resistance/susceptibility in this sample of Angus cattle. Two-years of data suggest individual animal variation for temperament score and fecal egg count. Mississippi, Brown Loam, Raymond  An evaluation of the combined effects of transportation stress and animal temperament on real-time ultrasound body composition traits (primarily percent intramuscular fat) in Angus crossbred and Brahman steers. Breed and distance cattle were hauled affected (P = 0.007) exit velocity and percent intramuscular fat (P =0.053) and rib fat (P = 0.02) at feedlot arrival. Angus crossbred steers hauled shorter distances had smaller changes in percent intramuscular fat than Brahman steers. Brahman steers hauled the greatest distance had the greatest reduction in rib fat. As overall temperament score increased, cortisol concentrations also increased. These results suggest that hauling stress has negative effects on body composition traits specifically percent intramuscular fat and rib fat. Thus, fat cattle that are ready to be harvested and have to travel long distances to a harvest facility may have reduced percent intramuscular fat or marbling scores at time of harvest. Yearling performance measurements are taken on registered beef bulls for assessment of production performance, genetic selection, and cattle marketing. The BSE routinely involves a physical examination, scrotal circumference measurement, and a semen evaluation. The impact of the electrical stimulation during electro-ejaculation on ultrasound body composition traits within a short time frame is unknown. Treatment (BSE vs. No BSE) did not affect (P > 0.4) cortisol or testosterone concentrations, body weights, or ultrasound body composition traits during the days following electro-ejaculation. The interaction of Day post-BSE x Breed was significant for percent IMF (P= 0.001). Day post BSE also influenced (P = 0.001) body weight, respiration rate, and average temperament score as well as cortisol concentrations (P 0.026). A single breeding soundness evaluation which included handling and electro-ejaculation for semen collection did not have a negative effect on body composition traits in yearling beef bulls. Forty steers (Angus n=20; Brahman n=20) were used to examine the effects of breed type and temperament classification on feedlot growth performance and carcass traits. A positive correlation (P < 0.001) between weaning pen score (PS) (r=0.64) and exit velocity (EV) (r=0.72) and PS and EV at feedlot arrival demonstrates the utility of the predictive value of weaning temperament scores to future temperament scores. Steers were harvested after reaching a similar rib fat thickness as per breed type. Angus steers ate 1.68 kg/d more DM (P < 0.004), had a greater ADG (P < 0.05), adjusted feed efficiency (P < 0.05), HCW (P < 0.001), carcass marbling score (P < 0.05), ultrasound and carcass fat thickness (P = 0.003), yield grade (P = 0.05) and lower shear force values (P = 0.04). TEMP influenced carcass fat thickness (P = 0.03); excited steers had lower fat thickness compared to calm steers. Breed type x temperament interaction influenced carcass marbling score (P = 0.08); Angus calm steers had greater marbling scores than Brahman calm or excited steers. Temperament and breed type influenced carcass quality as indicated by marbling score; however, breed type had the greatest effect on growth and carcass characteristics. Kentucky  A preliminary summary of the results to date indicate that weaning weights have been similar for calves classified according to the five temperament scores. Once data collection is completed, it is anticipated that results from this project will help determine if temperament evaluated at weaning is associated with pre-weaning production in Angus cattle. Objective 4: Establish a DNA bank to utilize molecular markers to validate traits of economic importance. Florida USDA/ARS, STARS - White blood cells were isolated and stored from all calves that were potential breeding stock (purebred and halfblood bulls and heifers weaned in 2006 (n = 144). Watman blot cards were used to preserve blood drops as a source of DNA from all calves that were not potential breeding stock (purebred steers, half blood steers, 3-breed cross steers and heifers; n = 217 total). Texas A&M University  College Station/McGregor - As discussed earlier, all cattle at the McGregor Station were bled for DNA extraction in the fall 2001; this includes all the cattle used in Objective 2 of this regional project. In 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006, all calves at the station were bled prior to weaning. The blood is stored as white blood cell pellets in College Station. For the cattle in the McGregor Genomics Project, calves for the first eight calf crops (spring and fall of 2003, 2004, 2005, and 2006) were bled both at birth and shortly before weaning (5 and 200 cc collections, respectively). The base of the scrotum and the testicles are also saved from male calves. The DNA will be available to utilize molecular markers to validate traits of economic importance.

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