Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Annual Meeting of W170 Multi-State Project - January 19-21, 2003 - Las Vegas, Nevada

Sunday, January 19:
Nick Basta called the meeting to order at 3:00 p.m.

Project Renewal: The first order of business was a discussion of the upcoming, 5-year project renewal. Nick was seeking input from the group regarding the possibility of new objectives and tasks. Lee Sommers extended his assurances that the 3rd year annual review of W170 was very positive. He strongly suggested that we continue to pursue multi-state emphasis because it is still required that 25% of formula funds must be multistate projects. Input from George O‘Connor and Bob Brobst indicated the need for including organics and biological aspects in the renewal. Al Page suggested we take the project to the level of including "ecosystem health." Sally Brown added that we should balance the subject matter and objectives to reflect the expertise of the current membership. We shouldn‘t ignore important new trends, but we cannot totally redefine ourselves simply because of upcoming, hot areas of research. Brown and Basta stated that they felt the need to include toxicity issues. Also, there was discussion concerning the title of the project and which wastes/byproducts we will be pursuing. Lee Sommers and Rich Stehouwer voiced the opinion that extension/outreach language should be included in each objective. This was held in general agreement along with the notion of eliminating the tasks under each objective. Andrew Chang requested that we also include some language concerning modeling. Lee Sommers stated that the revision must be completed by January 15, 2003.

Meeting Format: We discussed the possibility of changing the format of the meeting to make it more focused perhaps with a theme. The discussion covered various possibilities, but we agreed to try the notion of focusing on one topic for about 2 hours in which several members will contribute information, and it will be summarized in a 1-hour presentation with follow-up discussion. State reports and other, typical W170 would be included. We‘ll try this approach in 2005. Ray Knighton stated that individual reports are not particularly meaningful from USDA‘s perspective, but they are more interested in hearing about multistate interactions and how the intended clientele are being represented.

Next Year‘s Meeting(2004): George O‘Connor is organizing the Sustainable Land Application Conference, January 4-8 in Orlando, Florida. The conference runs from Monday and runs through noon on Thursday. Registration is $395, and the deadline for submitting an abstract is February 3, 2003. It was suggested that W170 members should attend and could participate by submitting posters. Lee Sommers said that he‘d be willing to consider the conference as an official function if we met for about 2 hours and conducted a business meeting. A written report would still be required.

Officers and Representatives: Chuck Henry announced his withdrawal from the committee. Sally Brown has been filling in as co-chair on a temporary basis until the committee could vote on a change. Al Page moved to accept Henry‘s resignation. The motion was seconded by Schwab, and the motion was approved by proclamation. George O‘Connor moved to have Sally Brown as the new co-chair for the coming year. Seconded by Lee Jacobs. Approved by voice vote. George O‘Connor moved that, for 2003, Dan Sullivan would serve on the executive committee as the Western representative, Greg Evanylo as executive committee at-large representative, and Paul Schwab as secretary. Seconded by Sally Brown, approved by proclamation.

Administrative Adviser Update (Lee Sommers): The directors are going completely to a web-based system for reporting and disseminating information, called the National Information Management and Support System (NIMSS). It‘s a database with all project information, including annual reports. During the project renewal process, each member of W170 can log in and create a password. It will be possible to work on the proposal on-line. Important considerations include impact, accountability, and upcoming biosecurity proposals -- ESCOP and Western Region. Lee reviewed the amount of support to W170 by each state. Formula funds can be spent only for approved federal projects entered in the CRIS system.

USDA/CSREES Update: Ray Knighton gave us an update from the USDA perspective. The federal budgets are still under continued resolution and awaiting appropriation. The House of Representatives is proposing basically flat funding with a $10 million increase fir NRI. The Senate version has a $120 million overall increase with $40 million increase for NRI. Will require a conference to obtain an agreement. Upcoming areas of emphasis include air quality and global climate change with more rules and regulations on the way. There will be a need to know emissions from various practices, fate and transport, and better dispersion models for air pollutants. The "Clear Skies" initiative will result in the Department of Congress with $50 million to spend on decision support tools for climate change. The National Climate Change Technology Initiative (DoE) has the goal of reducing NOx emissions from agriculture by 30%. Pathogens and pharmaceuticals will also begin to get more attention.

Bob Brobst (U.S EPA: Bob discussed recent activities relating to CAFOs and the National Academy of Sciences Biosolid Report.

STATION REPORTS

Phosphorus Issues - Chip Elliot, Dan Sullivan, Albert Cox, Lee Jacobs

Ecological Effects - Paul Schwab, Ken Barbarick

Conference Updates - George O‘Connor, Alex Iskandar (ICOBTE)

Miscellaneous - Gary Pierzynski, Bob Brobst, John Sloan

Metals - Rick Stehouwer, Lee Daniels, Nick Basta, Sally Brown, Tom Granato,
Andrew Chang

Tuesday, January 21 - Gary Pierzynski called the meeting to order at 8:00 a.m. He announced that we would likely meet twice in Orlando -- Sunday evening and once over lunch.

Station Reports: Holding with the tradition of W-170, attendees presented oral station reports. The reports were given a 20-minute time limit, and all reports generated extended discussion. This year the station reports were organized by topic. This was an effective way to organize the talks so that related research was presented together and more effective discussion and comparison of findings could take place. The accomplishments for this years report will be presented in a similar fashion. The research emphasizes were threefold with additional work also taking place in other fields. The three primary foci of the work were P bioavailability in biosolids amended soils; evaluating and reducing metal bioavailability in contaminated soils, and ecosystem restoration using residuals.�

Phosphorus in Biosolids - Objective 1: Characterize the chemical and physical properties of residuals and residual-amended soils.

Task 1. Evaluation of Nutrient Contents in Residuals and Residual-Amended Soils.
Work was done at UFL and at the MWRDGC. Biosolids samples were collected from two treatment plants in Chicago and analyzed for total P and form of P. Total P in the biosolids varied widely (18 to 30 g kg-1) and most of the P was in the inorganic form. The sum of the loosely bound, Fe+Al bound, and Ca bound P forms represented 73 to 87 percent of the total P in the biosolids and were in the order Fe+Al bound P > Ca bound P > loosely bound P. At the UFL,
P form and solubility of 12 biosolids, 3 manures, and a commercial fertilizer, as well as in an acid sandy soil amended with each P-source were determined. Inorganic P forms dominated all P-sources and residuals-amended soils. Inorganic P was primarily in Fe- and Al-associated forms in most biosolids, and in all residuals-amended soils after 5 months reaction.(UFL)

Objective 2: Evaluation of nutrient and trace element bioavailabilities in residual-amended field and greenhouse studies.

Task 1. Evaluation of Nutrient and Trace Element Bioavailabilities in Residual-Amended Field and Greenhouse Studies.

Phosphorus bioavailability was also measured in the field at UO and MI State. At MI, alum water treatment residuals (WTR) were added to soils having high to very high soil test P levels at six field sites. At two sites (established in 1998), soil test P levels have declined with time at all sites, but alum WTR did not contribute to this decrease. At the other four sites (two established in 1999 and two in 2000), some decline in Bray P1 soil test levels was observed and alum WTR amendments significantly decreased soil test P levels compared to unamended control soils. It was pointed out in discussion that P binding capacity of WTR varied significantly and that this study did not take that variability into account.

Soil tests were also used to evaluate P bioavailability in OR and CO. In OR the effect of biosolids application on labile P in soils in the Willamette Valley of Oregon at 20 field sites was evaluated. Biosolids application sites had 2 to 5 previous biosolids applications with cumulative P loading of approximately 200 to 1000 kg P ha-1. Soil was analyzed for P via an agronomic method (Bray P1) and via environmental methods. Biosolids application increased average soil test P (0-5 cm depth) from 46 to 75 mg kg-1 Bray P, from 35 to 53 mg kg-1 anion-exchange resin-P, from 583 to 950 mg kg-1 ammonium oxalate extractable P, from 1.8 to 2.3 mg kg-1 dilute salt (0.01 M CaCl2) extractable P. Agronomic soil test P (Bray) was strongly correlated with other indices of water soluble P. In CO, P extractability of biosolids + WTR amended soils was evaluated using a range of extracts. Deionized water appeared to be the most useful and consistent extract tested.

Bioavailable P was defined at UFL as P concentration in above ground plant tissue Above ground plant uptake of P served as the measure of P bioavailability, and was linearly regressed against applied (total) P-rate. Relative P bioavailability was determined by statistically comparing regression slopes of the organic sources of P to the slope for fertilizer-P (TSP). Biosolids produced via biological P removal (BPR) processes tended to be as available as TSP, and represented members of the high bioavailability group of materials. The moderate availability group included most of the biosolids evaluated, and had an average relative bioavailability of 46%. The low bioavailability category included biosolids and manures with greater than normal total Fe + Al concentrations, or whose forms (pellets) or associated salinity and/or alkalinity confounded bioavailability interpretation. U FL

Bioavailability to other endpoints was also measured. Penn State measured runoff P following rainfall simulations. A rainfall simulation study evaluated the relationship between the percent extractable P (PWEP = [WEP/PT]x100) and runoff P levels. Five P-sources [fresh dairy manure, anaerobically digested biosolids produced without Fe or Al addition, aerobically digested biosolids (elevated Al), anaerobically digested biosolids (elevated Fe), and composted biosolids (elevated Fe)] were surface applied at 100 lbs P/ac to runoff trays containing an acid-shale and a calcareous soil, each with high and low soil-test P background levels (four soils in all). For all soil treatments, the trend of runoff dissolved P (RDP in mg/L) consistently followed the pattern: dairy manure >> biosolids without Al or Fe > biosolids with Al >composted biosolids with high Fe ; biosolids cake with high Fe. Runoff DP for all soils was highly correlated (r2 > 0.98) with the PWEP of the P-source. Average runoff DP from high-Fe biosolids (both cake and compost) was not statistically different from unamended soil control treatments. Total runoff P (mg/L) was also significantly greater for dairy manure than for biosolids.

UFL measured leached P in a greenhouse study. Leached P was dominantly inorganic, and was much less from soils amended with biosolids than with TSP. In a moderately P-sorbing soil, no biosolids lost >0.45% of the applied P. Manure-P was generally more leachable than biosolids-P. Biosolids-P leaching in a poorly P-sorbing soil was related to the P saturation index. Co-applying water treatment residuals (WTRs) with high soluble P sources can eliminate leaching in soils where drainage-P is a concern. Limiting biosolids applications to rates based on P crop needs appears unnecessary to minimize P leaching concerns except for BPR materials on the poorest of P-retaining soils.

OTHER NUTRIENTS

Nitrogen in soils under livestock waste lagoons was measured in KS. All lagoons showed evidence of N-enrichment to a depth of at least 1 m. Total- and ammonium-N concentrations were as high as 2100 and 1100 mg/kg, respectively. Nitrate concentrations were negligible in all soil samples. Nitrogen mineralization was measured in MI as part of a WERF funded study. Partial results from this study have been published in JEQ (Gilmour et al., 2003)

Ecosystem Restoration

Biosolids were used to restore land damaged by fire (CO), coal mining (VA,PA), Fe slag (MWDGC), and Pb, Zn mining (WA).

Objective 1: Characterize the chemical and physical properties of residuals and residual-amended soils.

In May 1997, composted biosolids were applied to a severely burned, previously forested site near Buffalo Creek, CO to improve soil fertility and help establish seven native, seeded grasses. Vegetation and soils data were collected for four years following treatment. Following treatment, total biomass of vegetation increased with increasing biosolids application and the percentage of bareground decreased. Higher rates of biosolids application were associated with increased concentrations of N, P, and Zn in tissue of the dominant plant species (Elymus lanceolatus [Scribn. & J.G. Sm] Gould ssp. lanceolatus) relative to controls. The highest biosolids application rate resulted in elevated C and N content of soils after four years. The application of biosolids to this site has improved soil fertility and plant production, and resulted in enhanced post-fire ecosystem recovery.

Objective 2: Evaluation of nutrient and trace element bioavailabilities in residual-amended field and greenhouse studies.

a. Nutrients
Leaching of nitrate from higher than agronomic N rates of biosolids used to reclaim disturbed land was temporal and reduced to background concentrations within one growing season (VPI) . Application of lime-stabilized biosolids at 40 to 200 Mg/ha to acid-sulfate soils (150 ha) was successful at stabilizing soil pH, allowing revegetation, and correcting local surface water pH and metal contamination. However, significant N losses to local surface water were also observed. During mid-summer unvegetated conditions, ammonium losses were high, but a flush of nitrate-N was also observed in the fall of 2002 once the soils stabilized and could support nitrification. Ortho-P levels in local receiving surface waters have been low (< 0.3 mg/L). In PENN, reclamation of coalmine lands with biosolids resulted in spikes of NO3- in surface water (up to 65 mg N L-1) and leachate water (up to 300 mg-N/L) during the first year following application. No changes in groundwater quality have been observed to date.

b. Contaminants.

Purdue has been conducting a study to evaluate the residual toxicity of biosolids on biosolids amended soils. This has involved evaluation of soil function including earthworm survivability, CO2 respiration, and nematode and seedling survival. There has been no toxicity to the endpoints identified associated with biosolids application.

Biosolids mixed with lime or high calcium carbonate residuals was able to restore a plant cover to metal mine wastes from Jasper County, MO, Leadville, CO and Bunker Hill, ID in both greenhouse and field studies (U WA). Plant tissue concentrations suggest little possibility for ecosystem transfer of contaminants. MWRDGC also observed low metal uptake in foliage grown on biosolids remediated slag soils. Addition of a high Fe compost reduced Pb availability as measured by both in vivo and in vitro studies, to a Pb contaminated urban soil. Compost and wood ash addition to the surface of a mine tailings repository that was also a natural wetland reduced Pb bioavailability and resulted in a change in mineral form of Pb in the underlying tailings.

The capacity of an in vitro gastrointestinal (IVG) method to predict relative bioavailable Cd from soil ingestion was evaluated. Bioaccessible Cd, determined by the IVG method, was compared with relative bioavailable Cd measured from dosing trials using juvenile swine for 10 soils contaminated with Cd from 23.8 to 465 mg kg-1. Linear relationships between Cd dissolved in the IVG gastric extraction step and in vivo relative bioavailable Cd (r=0.86) were found. Inexpensive in vitro methods may be useful in estimating the relative bioavailability of Cd in soils from contaminated sites.(OK)

Objective 3. Predict the long-term bioavailability of nutrients, trace elements, and organic constituents in residual-amended soils.

Task 3. Computer Simulations and Models of Residual Bioavailability

A model was developed to predict the phytoavailability of metals in biosolids treated solid that considers the role of organic acids in the rhizosphere (UC Riverside)
The following model:
Mt = C x [1  e- (k x t)]
where Mt (mg kg-1) is the cumulative metal removal from the biosolids-treated soils by growing and harvesting plants for t years, C is the total phytoavailable metal pool (mg kg-1), and k is the metal release coefficient (yr-1) of the soils appears to describe metal uptake. If the C and k of a soil are defined, the phytoavailability of the metals in the biosolids receiving soils may be evaluated. This has been developed based on greenhouse data and long-term field data is currently being collected to validate the model.

UC Riverside PAGE CHANG

JA Pan, G., A. C. Chang, and A. L. Page. 2002.Modeling transfer and partitioning of potentially toxic pollutants in soil-crop system for human food security. Chinese Jour. Appl. Ecology 13 (7): 854  858. (In Chinese)

BC Chang, A. C., A. L. Page, and Bonjun Koo. 2001. Biogeochemistry of phosphorus, iron, and trace elements in soils as influenced by soil-plant-microbial interaction. Pp. 43  58. In: A. Violante, P. M. Huang, J. M. Bollag, and L. Gianfreda (Eds.), Soil Mineral-Organic Matter Interactions and Ecosystem Health, Ecological Significance of the Interactions Among Clay Minerals, Organic Matter and Soil Biota. Development in Soil Science 28B. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 434pp.

TH Koo, Bonjun. 2001. Assessing Bioavailability of Metals in Biosolids-treated Soils: Root Exudates and Their Effects on Solubility of Metals. Ph.D. Dissertation. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 261pp.

TH Krage, N. J. 2002. The Role of Fertilizers on Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead Accumulation in California Cropland Soils. M.S. Thesis. Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 120pp.

TB Mantovani, P., T. Asano, A. C. Chang, and D. A. Okun. 2001. Management Practices for Nonpotable Water Reuse. Project 97  IRM  6 Final Report. Water Environment Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA. 230pp.

TB Chang, A. C., D. E. Crowley, and A. L. Page, and M. R. Matsumoto. 2002. Assessing Bioavailability of Metals in Biosolid-treated Soils: Root Exudates and Their Effects on Solubility of Metals. Final Report Submitted to Water Environment Research Foundation, Alexandria, VA. 178pp.

TB Chang, A. C., G. Pan, A. L. Page, and T. Asano. 2002. Developing Human Health-related Chemical Guidelines for Reclaimed Wastewater and Sewage Sludge Applications in Agriculture. Final Report submitted to World Health Organization, Community Water Supply and Sanitation Unit, Division of Environmental Health, Geneva, Switzerland. 105pp.

CO AES Barbarick

AB Green, C.H., K.A. Barbarick, G. Butters, D.M. Heil. 2002. The impact of vegetative filter strips and water treatment residuals on phosphorus runoff. Agron. Abstracts. American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI.

JA Al-Wabel, M.A., D.M. Heil, D.G. Westfall, and K.A. Barbarick. 2002. Solution chemistry influence on metal mobility in biosolids-amended soils. J. Environ. Qual. 31:1157-1165.

JA Ippolito, J.A., K.A. Barbarick, and E.F. Redente. 2002. Combinations of water treatment residuals and biosolids affect on two range grasses. Comm. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 33:831-844.

TR Ippolito, J., K.A. Barbarick, and T. Gourd. 2002. Application of anaerobically digested biosolids to dryland winter wheat. Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Report. TR02-5.

AB Ippolito, J.A., and K.A. Barbarick. 2002. Phosphorus extraction methods from water treatment residual-amended soil. Agron. Abstracts., American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI.

FL AES OConnor

JA Elliott, H.A., G.A. OConnor, and S.R. Brinton. 202. Phosphorus leaching from biosolids-amended sandy soils. J. Environ. Qual. 31:681-689.

JA Elliott, H.A., G.A. OConnor, P. Lu, and S.R. Brinton. 2002. Influence of water treatment residuals on phosphorus solubility and leaching. J. Environ. Qual. 31: 1362-1369.

JA Tiffany, M.E., L.R. McDowell, G.A. OConnor, F.G. Martin, N.S. Wilkinson, S.S. Percival, and P.A. Rabiansky. 2002. Effects of residual and reapplied biosolids on performance and mineral status of grazing beef steers. J. Anim. Sci. 80:260-269.

PR OConnor, G.A., H.A. Elliott, and P. Lu. 2002. Characterizing water treatment residuals phosphorus retention. Soil Crop Sci. Proc. 61:67-73.

PR Brandt, R.C., H.A. Elliott, and G.A. OConnor. 2002. Comparative evaluation of water extractable P in biosolids and animal manures. WEF Biosolids Conf. Proc. (CD). 16th Annual Residuals and Biosolids Management Conf., 3-6 March 2002, Austin, TX.

PR OConnor, G.A. and H.A. Elliott. 2002. Co-application of biosolids and water treatment residuals. Trans. World Congress Soil Sci. (CD). 14-21 Aug 2002, Bangkok, Thailand.

AB Makris, K.C., G.A. OConnor, W.G. Harris, and T.A. Obreza. 2002. Thermally-induced physicochemical changes in iron and aluminum gels. SSSA Abstracts. 2002. pp244.

AB Makris, K.C., G.A. OConnor, W.G. Harris, and T.A. Obreza. 2002. Phosphorus sorption by water treatment residuals: kinetics and mechanisms. SSSA Abstracts. 2002. pp385.

TH Lane, C.T. 2002. Water treatment residuals effects on phosphorus in soils amended with dairy manure. MS Thesis. Univ. FL, Gainesville, FL.

University of Hawaii - Hue

JA Hue, N. V., S. Campbell, Q. X. Li, C. R. Lee, and J. Fong. 2002. Reducing salinity and organic contaminants in the Pearl Harbor dredged material using soil amendments and plants. Remediation J. Autumn 2002:45-63.

JA Hue, N. V. and Y. Mai. 2002. Manganese toxicity in watermelon as affected by lime and compost amended to a Hawaiian soil. Hort Sci. 37: 656-661.

AB Hue, N.V, C.R. Lee, R. Price, A. Palazzo, D. Nakamura, and P. Adam. 2002. Phyto-engineering of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated dredged material. In Annual meeting Abst. (CD rom), ASA, CSSA, SSSA, Madison, WI.

IA AES Tabatabai

JA Ekenler, M. and M.A. Tabatabai. 2002. Effects of trace elements on B-glucosaminidase activity in soils. Soil Biol. Biochem. 34:1829-1832.

TH Lacorbiniere-Jn Baptiste, M. 2002. Nutrient-enriched mixtures of exogenous humic substances as organic fertilizers. M.S. Thesis. Iowa State University, Ames. 108 p.

KS AES Pierzynski

JA Pierzynski, G.M., M. Lambert, B.A D. Hetrick, D.W. Sweeney, and L.E. Erickson. 2002. Phytostabilization of metal mine tailings using tall fescue. Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste Management 6: 212-217.

JA Pierzynski, G.M., J.L. Schnoor, A. Youngman, L. Licht and L. Erickson. 2002. Poplar trees for phytostabilization of an abandoned zinc-lead smelter. Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic and Radioactive Waste Management 6: 177-188.

JA Hettiarachchi, G.M., and G.M. Pierzynski. 2002. In-situ stabilization of soil lead using phosphorus and manganese oxide: influence of plant growth. J. Environ. Qual. 31: 564-572.

BC McLaughlin, M.J., R.E. Hamon, D.R. Parker, G.M. Pierzynski, E. Smolders, I. Thorton, and G. Welp. 2002. Soil Chemistry. In A. Fairbrother et al. (eds.), Test Methods to Determine Hazards of Sparingly Soluble Metal Compounds in Soils. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL.

AB DeSutter, T.M., G.M. Pierzynski, and J.M. Ham. Soil Chemical Properties Beneath Swine and Cattle Waste Lagoons. 2002 National American Society of Agronomy meetings (November, Indianapolis, IN).

AB Sonmez, O., and G.M. Pierzynski. A Field-Based Assessment Tool for Phosphorus Losses in Runoff in Kansas. 2002 National American Society of Agronomy meetings (November, Indianapolis, IN).

AB Heitman, J.L., G.M. Pierzynski, P.A. Kulakow, and G.J. Kluitenberg. Revegetation Strategies for a Fly-Ash Disposal Site in a Semi-arid Region. 2002 National American Society of Agronomy meetings (November, Indianapolis, IN).

MI AES Jacobs

EB Ess, D., S. Hawkins, C. Gould, and L.W. Jacobs. 2002. Manure applicator calibration. Purdue U./MI State U. publication series on Best Environmental Management Practices. Exten. Bull. E-2825, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. 8 p.

EB Frankenberger, J.R., D.D. Jones, C. Gould, and L.W. Jacobs. 2002. Land applicaion of manure and environmentally sensitive field characteristics. Purdue U./MI State U. publication series on Best Environmental Management Practices. Exten. Bull. E-2821, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. 8 p.

AB Jacobs, L.W., J.T. Gilmour, C.G. Cogger, G.K. Evanylo, and D.M. Sullivan. 2002. New N mineralization factors for estimating plant-available N in biosolids. Agronomy Abstracts, CD-ROM, Am. Soc. Agronomy/Crop Sci. Soc. America/Soil Sci. Soc. America, Madison, WI.

MWRGDC Granato, Hundal

AB Cox, A.E., T.C. Granato, R.I. Pietz, and P. Tata, Comparison of phosphorus release characteristics in Chicago biosolids, SSSA Abstracts. 2002.

PR Cox, A.E., T.C. Granato, R.I. Pietz, and P. Tata, Uptake of Cd and Zn by garden vegetables grown in NuEarth biosolids amended soil, Proceedings of the Sixteenth Annual Residuals and Biosolids Management Conference, Austin,Texas, March 3 through 6, 2002.

TR Hundal, L., A. E. Cox, T. C. Granato, and R. I. Pietz, USX Research and Demonstration Project Results for 2000, Research and Development Environmental Monitoring and Research Division 2000 Annual Report, Report Number 02-1, Metropolitan Water Reclamation District of Greater Chicago, January 2002.

OK AES Basta

JA Schroder, J.L., N.T. Basta, M. Payton, J.A. Wilson, R. I. Carlson, D. M. Janz, and R.L. Lochmiller. 2003. Ecotoxicological risks associated with land treatment of petrochemical waste: I. Residual soil contamination and bioaccumulation by cotton rats (Sigmodon Hispidus). J. Tox. Environ. Health Part A 66:305-325.

JA Wilson, J.A., J.L. Schroder, N.T. Basta, D. Janz, R.I. Carlson, and R.L. Lochmiller. 2003. Abandoned petrochemical landfarms and wildlife in Oklahoma. II. Effects of contaminants on the immune system and hematology of cotton rats inhabiting abandoned petroleum landfarms. J. Tox. Environ. Health Part A. 66:345-363.

JA Carlson, R.I., J.A. Wilson, R.L. Lochmiller, D.M. Janz,, J.L. Schroder, and N.T. Basta, 2003. Ecotoxicological risks associated with land treatment of petrochemical wastes: III. Immune function and hematology of cotton rats. J. Tox. Environ. Health Part A, 66:327-343.

JA Yang, J.K., M.O. Barnett, P.M. Jardine, N.T. Basta, and S.W. Casteel. 2002. Adsorption, sequestration, and bioaccessibility of As (V) in soils. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36:4562-4569.

AB Basta, N.T., J.L. Schroder, K. Bradham, J. Si, and R.P. Lanno. 2002. The effect of soil spiking procedures on heavy metal availability during earthworm and plant bioassays. Abstract Book. p. 84. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23rd Annual Meeting in North America, Salt Lake City, UT, Nov. 16-20.

AB Bradham, K.D., R.P. Lanno, N.T. Basta, J. Schroder, and M. Payton. 2002. Effects of soil properties on the bioavailability and toxicity of metals in contaminated soils to earthworms. Abstract Book. p. 84. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 23rd Annual Meeting in North America, Salt Lake City, UT, Nov. 16-20.

AB Basta, N.T., S.W. Casteel, J.L. Schroder, F.P. Armstrong, R.R. Rodriguez, and D.C. Ward. 2002. Application and limitations of in vitro gastrointestinal methods for estimating bioavailable Cd, Pb, and As in contaminated soil. Soil Sci. Soc. of Am. Abstracts (CD-ROM), Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Indianapolis, IN, Nov. 10-14.

TH Snethen, K.L. 2002. Chemical immobilization of lead, zinc, and cadmium based on risk and contaminant extractability. MS Thesis. Oklahoma State Univ. Stillwater, OK.

OR AES Sullivan

AB Sullivan, D.M. 2002. Biological stability assessment methods for compost. In: 2002 Agronomy Abstracts, SSSA, Madison, WI.

AB Jacobs, LW., J.T. Gilmour, C.G. Cogger, G.K. Evanylo and D.M. Sullivan. 2002. New N mineralization factors for estimating plant-available N in biosolids. In: 2002 Agronomy Abstracts, SSSA, Madison, WI.

JA Sullivan, D.M., A.I. Bary, D.R. Thomas, S.C. Fransen, and C.G. Cogger. 2002. Food waste compost effects on fertilizer nitrogen efficiency, available nitrogen, and tall fescue yield. Soil Sci. Soc. Am J. 66:154-161.

PR Brewer, L.J. and D.M. Sullivan. 2002. Maturity and stability evaluation of composted yard trimmings. p. 682-704. In: F.C. Michel, Jr., R.F. Rynk, and H.A.J. Hoitink (ed) 2002 Intl Symposium on Composting and Compost Utilization. 6-8 May 2002. Columbus, OH. JG Press. Emmaus, PA.

PENNSYLVANIA AES Elliot, Stehouwer

JA Elliott, H.A., G.A. OConnor, and S.R. Brinton. 202. Phosphorus leaching from biosolids-amended sandy soils. J. Environ. Qual. 31:681-689.

JA Elliott, H.A., G.A. OConnor, P. Lu, and S.R. Brinton. 2002. Influence of water treatment residuals on phosphorus solubility and leaching. J. Environ. Qual. 31: 1362-1369.

PR Brandt, R.C., H.A. Elliott, and G.A. OConnor. 2002. Comparative evaluation of water extractable P in biosolids and animal manures. WEF Biosolids Conf. Proc. (CD). 16th Annual Residuals and Biosolids Management Conf., 3-6 March 2002, Austin, TX.

PR OConnor, G.A., H.A. Elliott, and P. Lu. 2002. Characterizing water treatment residuals phosphorus retention. Soil Crop Sci. Proc. 61:67-73.

PR Womer, J., H.A. Elliott, R.C. Brandt. 2002. Determining phosphorus in biosolids using neutral ammonium citrate extraction. Proc.16th Annual Residuals and Biosolids Conference. March 3-6, 2002. Austin, TX.

AB OConnor, G.A. and H.A. Elliott. 2002. Co-application of biosolids and water treatment residuals. Trans. World Congress Soil Sci. (CD). 14-21 Aug 2002, Bangkok, Thailand.

AB Stehouwer, R.C., and K.E. Macneal. 2002. Water quality effects of surface mine reclamation with biosolids. Soil Science Society of America Meetings, Indianapolis, IN, November 10-14, 2002. Annual Mtg. Abstracts, ASA, CSSA, SSSA

AB Stehouwer, R.C. and K.E. Macneal. 2002. Nutrient and trace element flux following surface mine reclamation with biosolids. Northeastern Branch ASA and SSSA Meeting, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV., July 14-17, 2002.

TH Shober, A.L. 2002. Assessing the effects of biosolids application on soil and crop quality. M.S. Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 255 p.

TH von Willert, F.J. 2002. Chemical processes affecting the subsoil during reclamation of highly acidic minespoil. Ph.D. Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA., 158 p.

Purdue, Indiana- Schwab

JA Pu, XZ, Y.J. Zhao, L.S. Lee, A.P. Schwab, G.P. Carlson. 2002. Bioavailablity of Pentachlorophenol from Different Types of Soils, 41st Annual Meeting of the Society of Toxicology, March 18-22, 2002, The Toxicologist-Supplement of Toxicological Sciences. Vol. 66(1-S):138.

BC Hutchinson, S.L., A.P. Schwab, and M.K. Banks. 2002. Bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in the rhizosphere. In Phytoremediation: Transformation and Control of Contaminants. Steven C. McCutcheon and Jerry L. Schnoor (eds.)

AB Lee, L.S. 2002. Bioavailability of Organic Chemicals and Implications. Invited to be presented at the Bouyoucos Conference "Molecular Level Processes on Availability of Chemical Species to Plants and Microbes in Soil", Sani Halkidiki, Greece, June 23-28, 2002.

AB Lee, L.S., P.S.C. Rao. 2002. Sorption and Transport of Hormonally Active Agents in Soils. Annual American Society of Agronomy Conference, Indianapolis, IN, November 10-14, 2002.

AB Oliveira, M., A.K. Sarmah, L.S. Lee, P.S.C. Rao. 2002. Fate of Tylosin in Aqueous Manure-Soil Systems, Annual American Society of Agronomy Conference, Indianapolis, IN, November 10-14, 2002.

Texas AMU- Sloan

AB: Wang, D., K. Huang, J.J. Sloan. 2002. Changes in heavy metal chemistry during accelerated organic matter mineralization. Presented at: Urban Agriculture: Emerging Opportunities in Science, Education, and Policy. Dallas, Texas May 20-22, 2002.

AB: J.T. Spargo, J.J. Heitholt, J.B. Farr, J.J. Sloan, and C.T. MacKown. 2002. Evaluation of the utility of dairy manure in a soybean-wheat rotation in Northeast Texas. Agronomy Abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.

TT- Zartman

JA Reed, R.L., M. A. Sanderson, V. G. Allen, and R. E Zartman. 2002. Cadmium application and pH effects on growth and Cadmium accumulation in switchgrass. Commun. Soil Science Plant Anal. 33(7&8):1187-1203.

JA Wester, D. B., R. E Sosebee, R. E Zartman, E. B. Fish, and J. C. Villalobos. 2003. Biosolids in a Chihuahuan desert ecosystem: Biosolids can improve semiarid rangelands in many ways. Rangelands. (In press).

PR Perez, S. D. and R. E Zartman. 2002. Infiltration along a playa basin-outer basin transect. Great Plains Symposium: Protection and utilization of air and water resources of the Great Plains. 1-3 April 2002, Amarillo, TX.

PR Green, C. J., R. E Zartman, J. C. Zak, and M. J. San Francisco. 2002. An update of ricin research at Texas Tech University. Meeting of the Consortium of Biological Defense Researchers, 17-19 April 2002, Tampa, FL.

PR Zartman, R., C. Green, M. San Francisco, J. Zak, W. Jaynes and E. Boroda. 2002. Mitigation of ricin contamination in soils: sorption and degradation. Joint Service Scientific Conference on Chemical and Biological Defense Research. 19-21 November 2002, Hunt Valley, MD.

AB Basinger, A. J., R. E Zartman, J. Borrelli, C. McKenney, and R. Sosebee. 2002. Frequency and mowing height influence on root density distribution along Texas Highways. Agron Abs. (S06-basinger135056).

AB Boroda, E., R. E Zartman, C.J. Green, M. J. San Francisco, and J. C. Zak. 2002. Extraction, detection and quantification of ricin in agricultural soils. Agron Abs. (S03-boroda125458).

AB Jaynes, F., R. E Zartman, C.J. Green, M. J. San Francisco, and J. C. Zak. 2002. Sorption of castor toxin by soil components and other materials. Agron Abs. (S02-jaynes104122).

AB Weeaks, J. D., M. A. Maurer and R. E Zartman. 2002. Seeded Bermudagrass establishment using subsurface drip irrigation. Agron. Abs. (C05-weeaks115421).

TH Boroda, Eli. 2002. Quantifying ricin in agricultural soils. Ph.D. dissertation. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.

TH Weindorf, David. 2002. The effect of compost on soil physical properties in the Dallas metropolitan area. Ph.D. dissertation. Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX.

VA AES Evanylo, Daniels

JA Bulluck, L.R. III, M. Brosius, G.K. Evanylo, and J.B. Ristaino. 2002. Organic and synthetic fertilizer amendments influence soil microbial, physical and chemical properties on organic and conventional Farms. Applied Soil Ecology 19:147-160

JA Evanylo, G.K. 2003. Effects of biosolids application timing and soil texture on nitrogen availability for corn. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal. 34(1&2): 127-145.

PR Daniels, W.L., S.M. Nagle, G.R. Whittecar, and G.K. Evanylo. 2002. Effects of biosolids application on ground water nitrate-N levels in sand and gravel mine reclamation in Virginia. p. 645-674 In: Proc., 2002 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY, June 9-13, 2002. Published by ASMR, 3134 Montavesta Rd., Lexington, KY, 40502.

PR Daniels, W.L., P. Schroeder, S. Nagle, L. Zelazny and M. Alley. 2002. Reclamation of prime farmland following mineral sands mining in Virginia. Preprint 02-132 for 2002 SME Annual Meeting, Feb. 25-27, Phoenix. SME, Littleton, Co., 12 p.

PR Evanylo, G.K. and C.A. Sherony. 2002. Agronomic and environmental effects of compost, manure, and fertilizer use. p. 730-740. In 2002 International Symposium: Composting and Compost Utilization. May 6-8. Columbus, OH.

PR Evanylo, G.K., C.A. Sherony, and G.L. Mullins. 2002. Water quality effects of compost, manure, and fertilizer use for vegetables. Composting in the Southeast Conference, Palm Harbor, FL. October 6-9.

PR Orndorff, Z.W., W.L. Daniels and L.E. Dias. 2002. Evaluation of sulfidic materials in Virginia highway corridors. p. 866-879 In: Proc., 2002 National Meeting of the American Society of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY, June 9-13, 2002. Published by ASMR, 3134 Montavesta Rd., Lexington, KY, 40502.

PR Sherony, C.A., G.K. Evanylo, and J.W. Pease. 2002. Yield differences and economic implications of compost, poultry litter, and fertilizer amended soils. Composting in the Southeast Conference, Palm Harbor, FL. October 6-9.

AB Abaye, A.O., R. Lemus, G. Evanylo, C. Zipper, and S. Hutton. 2002. Extending the Potential of Forages into Partially Reclaimed Soils. In 2002 Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.

AB Coale, F.J., J.T. Sims, J.W. White, M-F Lavahun, and G.K. Evanylo. 2003. Phosphorus fate and transport in biosolids amended soils: III. Phosphorus forms in soils and losses in runoff from fescue pastures. WEF/AWWA/CWEA Joint Residuals and Biosolids Management Conference. Residuals and Biosolids Management  Partnering for a Safe, Sustainable Environment. Baltimore, MD. February 19-22.

AB Jacobs, L.W., J.T. Gilmour, C.G. Cogger, G.K. Evanylo, and D.M. Sullivan. 2002. New N mineralization factors for estimating plant available N in biosolids. In 2002 Agronomy abstracts. ASA, Madison, WI.

AB Sims, J.T., F.J. Coale, M-F Lavahun, J.W. White, and G.K. Evanylo. 2003. Phosphorus fate and transport in biosolids amended soils: I. Phosphorus forms in soils used for corn production. WEF/AWWA/CWEA Joint Residuals and Biosolids Management Conference. Residuals and Biosolids Management  Partnering for a Safe, Sustainable Environment. Baltimore, MD. February 19-22.

AB Sims, J.T., F.J. Coale, M-F Lavahun, J.W. White, and G.K. Evanylo. 2003. Phosphorus fate and transport in biosolids amended soils: II. Phosphorus losses in runoff from soils used for corn production. WEF/AWWA/CWEA Joint Residuals and Biosolids Management Conference. Residuals and Biosolids Management  Partnering for a Safe, Sustainable Environment. Baltimore, MD. February 19-22.

AB Sukkariyah, B., G.K. Evanylo, and L.W. Zelazny. 2003. Bioavailability of heavy metals from biosolids. WEF/AWWA/CWEA Joint Residuals and Biosolids Management Conference. Residuals and Biosolids Management  Partnering for a Safe, Sustainable Environment. Baltimore, MD. February 19-22.

TH Orndorff, Z. W. 2001. Evaluation of Sulfidic Materials in Virginia Highway Corridors. Ph.D. Dissertation. 187 p.

TR Sims, J.T., S. Dentel, F.J. Coale, and G.K. Evanylo. 2002. Agricultural phosphorus management for biosolids: Developing sustainable management practices for the mid-Atlantic states. Final research report to the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments. 60p.

TR Sims, J.T., F.J. Coale, G.K. Evanylo, J. White, and A. Leytem. 2002. Field and on-farm evaluation of the effects of biosolids on phosphorus in soils and runoff. Final Project Report to the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments and the Environmental Protection and Improvement Company. 135p.

U WA Brown Henry

JA Brown, S., C.L. Henry, R.Chaney, H. Compton, and P.S. DeVolder. 2003. Using municipal biosolids in combination with other residuals to restore metal-contaminated mining areas. Plant and Soil, 249:203-215.

JA Brown , S. , R. Chaney J. Halfrisch, and Q. Xue. 2003. Effect of Biosolids Processing on Lead Bioavailability in an Urban Soil. J. Environ. Qual. 32:100-108.

JA Brown, S.L., R. Chaney, M. Sprenger, and H. Compton. 2002. Soil remediation using biosolids. Biocycle June: 40-44

JA Brown, S.L., R. Chaney, M. Sprenger, and H. Compton. 2002. Assessing impact to wildlife at biosolids remediated sites. Biocycle August: 51-58.

JA Grey, M., and C. Henry. 2002. Phosphorus and nitrogen runoff from a forested watershed fertilized with biosolids. J. Environ. Qual. 31:926-936.

AB Chaney, R L, JA Ryan, S Brown C Henry, T Stuczynski, T Siebielec and W R Berti. 2002. Ecosystem restoration on metal-toxic soils using biosolids and alkaline byproducts. SETAC 23rd Annual Meeting in North America. Salt Lake City Nov 16-20. 011.

AB Brown, S, B Christiansen, S McGrath, E Lombi, M McLaughlin, and J Vagronsveld. 2002. Ability of soil amendments to reduce metal bioavailability on zinc and lead mine tailings. SETAC 23rd Annual Meeting in North America. Salt Lake City Nov 16-20. 012.

AB McGrath, S, E Lombi, M McLaughlin, S Brown and J Vangronsveld. 2002. Comparison of biological and chemical indicators to evaluate soil remediation. SETAC 23rd Annual Meeting in North America. Salt Lake City Nov 16-20. 013.

AB Vagronsveld, J, J Colpaert, A Ruttens, E Lombi, B. Christiansen, S McGrath, S Brown, and M McLaughlin. 2002. Use of cyclonic ashes to remediate metal contaminated soils. 2002. SETAC 23rd Annual Meeting in North America. Salt Lake City Nov 16-20. 014.

AB Lombi, E, R Hamon, M McLaughlin, S McGrath, S Brown, J Vangronsveld, B Christiansen, J Colpaert and V Ferguson. 2002. Importance of sorption versus fixation reactions in decreasing metal bioavailability for in situ remediation. 2002. SETAC 23rd Annual Meeting in North America. Salt Lake City Nov 16-20. 015.

AB Maxemchuk, A, H Compton, M Sprenger, S Brown, and M Zimmerman. 2002. Reducing bioavailability and toxicity of metals at mining sites using biosolids and lime soil amendments. SETAC 23rd Annual Meeting in North America. Salt Lake City Nov 16-20. 017.

AB Brown, S, D Mosby, J Yang, R Chaney, W Berti. 2002. In situ field tests to reduce metal bioavailability: site characterization and treatment selection, installation and performance. 2002. SETAC 23rd Annual Meeting in North America. Salt Lake City Nov 16-20. 018.

AB Ryan, J, W Berti, S Brown, S Casteel, R Chaney, P Grevatt, J Hallfrisch, M Maddaloni and K Scheckel. 2002. Reducing childrens risk to soil lead: Summary of a field experiment to reduce soil lead bioavailability. 2002. SETAC 23rd Annual Meeting in North America. Salt Lake City Nov 16-20. 020.

TH Svenson, Alex. 2002 The Use of Biosolids in Combination with Lime to Ameliorate Subsoil Acidity in Mine Tailings. MS thesis 117 p.

WY AES Vance

TH Youwen, You. 2002. Use of Layered Double Hydroxides and Their Derivatives as Adsorbents for Inorganic and Organic Pollutants. Ph.D. in Soil and Environmental Chemistry. University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY.

JA You, Y.W., H. Zhao and G.F. Vance. 2002. Adsorption of dicamba (3,6 dichloro-2-methoxy benzoic acid) in aqueous solution by calcined-layered double hydroxides. Applied Clay Science 21(5/6):217-226.

JA Sharmasarkar, S. and G.F. Vance. 2002. Selenite-selenate sorption in a surface coal mine environment. Advances in Environmental Research 7(1):89-97.

JA You, Y.W., H. Zhao and G.F. Vance. 2002. Hybrid organic-inorganic derivatives of layered double hydroxides and dodecylbenzenesulfonate: Preparation and adsorption characteristics. Journal of Material Chemistry 12:907-912.

JA Sharmasarkar, S. and G.F. Vance. 2002. Soil and plant selenium at a reclaimed uranium mine. Journal of Environmental Quality 31:1516-1521.

JA You, Y.W., H. Zhao and G.F. Vance. 2002. Surfactant-enhanced adsorption of organic compounds by layered double hydroxides. Colloids and Surfaces: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 205:161-172.

JA You, Y.W. and G.F. Vance. 2002. Sodium-Zinc exchange selectivity on Wyoming montmorillonite in different background anion solutions. Pedosphere 12:289-299.

PR Skinner, C.P. and G.F. Vance. 2002. Plant-soil selenium in disturbed and native ecosystems. In: R. Barnhisel (ed.) Reclamation with a Purpose. American Society of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY. Issue 19:141-162.

PR Vance, G.F. 2002. Undergraduate minor and graduate certificate programs in Reclamation and Restoration Ecology. In: R. Barnhisel (ed.) Reclamation with a Purpose. American Society of Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY. Issue 19:1173-1182.

PR Schladweiler, B.K., G.F. Vance and R. Haroian. 2002. Influence of variable topsoil replacement depths on soil and plant characteristics at a coal mine in northeastern Wyoming. In: R. Barnhisel and B. Buchanan (eds.) Land Reclamation - A Different Approach. American Society for Surface Mining and Reclamation, Lexington, KY. Issue 19 CD-ROM

PR Vance, G.F. 2002. Potential impacts and alternatives to land application of coalbed methane product water. Western Society of Soil Science Proceedings p.18

AB You, Y.W., H. Zhao and G.F. Vance. 2002. Surfactant-enhanced adsorption of organic compounds by layered double hydroxides. Clay Minerals Society Abstracts 39:181.

AB Skinner-Martin, C.P. and G.F. Vance. 2002. Soil-geology selenium relationships in disturbed and native ecosystems. Agronomy Abstracts CD-ROM

AB Hoobler, B.M. and G.F. Vance. 2002. Applications of the land evaluation and site assessment technique and a geographic information system in east Park County, Wyoming. Agronomy Abstracts CD-ROM

AB Hayward, J.A. and G.F. Vance. 2002. Modeling alternative crops using GIS in northwestern Wyoming. Agronomy Abstracts CD-ROM

AB Vance, G.F. 2002. Wyoming Reclamation Ecology Center: A new research, education and outreach initiative. Agronomy Abstracts CD-ROM

AB Schladweiler, B.K., R. Haroian and G.F. Vance. 2002. Influence of variable topsoil replacement depth on soil and plant characteristics at a coal mine in northeastern Wyoming. Agronomy Abstracts CD-ROM

AB Zhao, H., Y.W. You, and G.F. Vance. 2002. Hybrid organic-inorganic derivatives of LDHs and dodecylbenzenesulfonate: Preparation and adsorption characteristics. Agronomy Abstracts CD-ROM

AB Skinner-Martin, C.P. and G.F. Vance. 2002. Use of GIS for predicting areas with seleniferous soils and plants. Agronomy Abstracts CD-ROM

AB Vance, G.F. 2002. Soil carbon database for Wyoming. Soil Carbon Accounting Systems: I. Carbon Accounting and Monitoring Systems Symposium. Agronomy Abstracts CD-ROM

AB You, Y.W., H. Zhao and G.F. Vance. 2002. Characteristics of arsenite adsorption-desorption on layered double hydroxides. Agronomy Abstracts CD-ROM

AB You, Y.W., H. Zhao and G.F. Vance. 2002. Surfactant-enhanced adsorption of organic compounds by layered double hydroxides. Agronomy Abstracts CD-ROM

AB Qi, J., Y.W. You,, G.F. Vance, J. Zhuang and Y. Jin. 2002. Removal of bacteriophages from aqueous systems by an anionic clay. Agronomy Abstracts CD-ROM
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AB = abstract, BK=book, BC=book chapter, EB=extension bulletin, JA=journal article, PR = proceedings,TB=technical bulletin, TH= thesis.