SAES-422 Multistate Research Activity Accomplishments Report
Sections
Status: Approved
Basic Information
- Project No. and Title: W168 : Seed Biology, Technology, and Ecology
- Period Covered: 01/01/2000 to 12/01/2000
- Date of Report: 12/08/2003
- Annual Meeting Dates: 01/11/2001 to 01/13/2001
Participants
Phil S. Allen (Brigham Young University); Kent Bradford (University California - Davis); Dan CantIiffe (University of Florida); Tom G. Chastain (Oregon State University); Neal Foster (Montana State University); Richard Heimsch (University ofIdaho); Allen Knapp (Iowa State University); Miller McDonald (Ohio State University); Paul Meintz (Mississippi State University); Susan Meyer (Shrub Science Laboratory)
Minutes of the W-168 Annual Meeting
W-168 - "Seed Biology, Technology, and Ecology"
January 11 - 13, 2001
Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
Thursday, January 11, 2001
Informal discussion on the "National Seed Science and Technology" curriculum.
Discussions were concluded at approximately 5:00pm. Collaboration continued before dinner by updating those missing the afternoon meeting.
Friday, January 12, 2001
Phil Allen welcomed the group to Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah at 8:40am. At 8:50am, Administrator Advisor Richard Heimsch then reviewed the standing of Western 168, once again emphasizing the critical need for collaboration among Western 168 members, as well as developing hard-hitting progress reports on an annual basis.
The Minutes of the 2000 W -168 meeting were reviewed and approved. Incoming Secretary, Dennis TeKrony was not present at the meeting, therefore, Dan Cantliffe volunteered to take the Minutes, once again, for this year‘s meeting.
Kent Crookston, Dean, College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Brigham Young University then provided an overview for the College, wherein he stated that there were in excess of 3,000 students, approximately half of these students were pre-professional and half of those get into their respective professional schools. The various departments and programs in the College of Agriculture do not compete with Utah State University, even though many of the departments have similar missions. Dean Crookston gave an excellent overview of the founding of Brigham Young University and the potential changes and growth for the future.
Durant McArthur, Project Leader, with the Rocky Mountain Research Station of the Shrub Sciences Laboratory gave an overview of the United States Bioservices Lab in Provo, Utah. The lab is collaboratively connected to Brigham Young University. It‘s major mission is to study shrubs to compliment range land and the landscape on approximately 350 million acres in the western United States. Their scientists are working to develop basic knowledge about the genetic makeup, population, and biology of selected shrub land species deemed important for ecological sound restoration efforts. While their seed work relates to developing seed sources and effective techniques for establishing high-diversity shrub land communities from the various seed sources that are collected.
Reports and discussions on accomplishments, impacts, and future collaborations by Units began at 9:15 am.
Neal Foster reported for Montana, Tom Chastain reported for Oregon, Paul Meinz, a new member, reported for Mississippi, Miller McDonald reported for Ohio, and Kent Bradford reported for California. The meeting and discussions were adjourned at 12: lOpm for lunch. Reports resumed at 1:35 pm. Phil Allen and Susan Meyer reported for Utah, Dan Cantliffe for Florida, and Allen Knapp for Iowa. Discussion were continued and several items were addressed.
One area of discussion related to the location and timing of Western 168 meeting was addressed by Miller McDonald of Ohio, who recommended to move the meeting to the AST A meetings on soybean and com which are held in Chicago each December, and potentially interacting on an every-other-year basis with the AST A meetings, related to the Flower and Garden Seed Group. Discussion ensued as to the importance of the individual and collaborative efforts of W -168 with researchers in the various land-grant universities and agriculture schools as part of a regional federal project, and that is was not in the best interest of these work ethics to associate with other outside groups, primarily because it will dictate timing and location of the meeting, it will potentially dilute discussions by individuals from the private sector, and also in such attempts with other groups in the past, generally the private sector is not open to group discussions, primarily due to protection of proprietary rights.
The group agreed to meet in Gainesville, Florida on Friday and Saturday, January 11-12,2002. The details of this meeting will be forthcoming from Dan Cantliffe, incoming Chair, W-168.
Additional discussion centered around discussions that Kent Bradford had California with John Cross of ASTA. John Cross feels strongly that with new leadership in the ASTA Research Foundation, potentially they would be more open in the future to discussions, especially from membership of Western 168, to increasing and broadening the funding sources for research-related seed biology. The Group felt that Kent had done an extraordinary job with his position paper that was presented to ASTA, approximately 2 years ago, related to the needs for fmancial backing to conduct research in various areas of seed biology. The Group also felt that it would be best if Kent Bradford could meet with AST A Seed Foundation at the AST A summer meetings in San Antonio, Texas, and discuss our interests in working more closely with the AST A Research Foundation members.
Dick Heimsch then discussed special research grants, and stated that in 1999 there were some $6 million awarded to special research grants, of which some of our work could be funded. In 2000, it was $84 million; in 2001, the figure should be higher.
Allen Knapp discussed the group conclusion from the long-distance learning meeting which was held on Thursday, January 11,2001. Items resulted from that discussion:
1. The group felt they should identify three or four things from four to six people with highimpact, large audience potential, and not specifically at the graduate/undergraduate level, potentially important to a broad audience.
2. The group should focus on general cutting edge seed biology.
3. Modules should be developed in a common format and development procedure to get fmancial backing, either through challenge grants and/or industry partners to develop the distance education module(s). The challenge grants presently available are maxed at $100,000 for one institution, or $250,000 for multi-institutions. And thus, the W -168 will fall under the multi-institutional grants. It was felt that this type of money would go a long way in instituting a distance educational module for seeds. How to determine faculty rewards and how faculty might get credit for such, as well as how the module or modules would be dispersed to the public once they were developed, i.e. would they be free or would they be paid for, will have to be resolved.
Dick Heimsch made further as per the importance, to add impact statements to the activity of the Western 168 Annual Report. This has become very important.
4. Dan Cantliffe will become Chair of Western 168 for 2002. Dennis TeKrony will move up to Vice-Chair. Because of the low number of individuals in attendance at this year‘s meeting, nominations for Secretary were withheld until the 2002 meeting. Potentially, the Secretary position could be filled by taking nominations through email to Dan Cantliffe, putting it into a general election of the membership and potentially activating the worthy winning candidate before the 2002 meeting. Others felt that it was important to have the Executive Committee at the meetings, and thus, it might be better to wait for that election until the 2002 meeting, so that the Secretary might elected from the members present. This will be worked out with the members during the next 12 months.
The Resolutions are attached. The meeting was adjourned at approximately 3:45pm wherein the members were treated to a tour of the Brigham Young University campus as well as some research that Phil Allen and Susan Meyer were doing in one of the nearby canyons with regard to natural resource restoration. The tour was adjourned at approximately 5:00pm and collaboration continued through the evening.
Respectfully submitted,
Daniel J. Cantliffe, Vice-Chair
W-168 - "Seed Biology, Technology, and Ecology"
January 11 - 13, 2001
Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
Thursday, January 11, 2001
Informal discussion on the "National Seed Science and Technology" curriculum.
Discussions were concluded at approximately 5:00pm. Collaboration continued before dinner by updating those missing the afternoon meeting.
Friday, January 12, 2001
Phil Allen welcomed the group to Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah at 8:40am. At 8:50am, Administrator Advisor Richard Heimsch then reviewed the standing of Western 168, once again emphasizing the critical need for collaboration among Western 168 members, as well as developing hard-hitting progress reports on an annual basis.
The Minutes of the 2000 W -168 meeting were reviewed and approved. Incoming Secretary, Dennis TeKrony was not present at the meeting, therefore, Dan Cantliffe volunteered to take the Minutes, once again, for this year‘s meeting.
Kent Crookston, Dean, College of Biological and Agricultural Sciences, Brigham Young University then provided an overview for the College, wherein he stated that there were in excess of 3,000 students, approximately half of these students were pre-professional and half of those get into their respective professional schools. The various departments and programs in the College of Agriculture do not compete with Utah State University, even though many of the departments have similar missions. Dean Crookston gave an excellent overview of the founding of Brigham Young University and the potential changes and growth for the future.
Durant McArthur, Project Leader, with the Rocky Mountain Research Station of the Shrub Sciences Laboratory gave an overview of the United States Bioservices Lab in Provo, Utah. The lab is collaboratively connected to Brigham Young University. It‘s major mission is to study shrubs to compliment range land and the landscape on approximately 350 million acres in the western United States. Their scientists are working to develop basic knowledge about the genetic makeup, population, and biology of selected shrub land species deemed important for ecological sound restoration efforts. While their seed work relates to developing seed sources and effective techniques for establishing high-diversity shrub land communities from the various seed sources that are collected.
Reports and discussions on accomplishments, impacts, and future collaborations by Units began at 9:15 am.
Neal Foster reported for Montana, Tom Chastain reported for Oregon, Paul Meinz, a new member, reported for Mississippi, Miller McDonald reported for Ohio, and Kent Bradford reported for California. The meeting and discussions were adjourned at 12: lOpm for lunch. Reports resumed at 1:35 pm. Phil Allen and Susan Meyer reported for Utah, Dan Cantliffe for Florida, and Allen Knapp for Iowa. Discussion were continued and several items were addressed.
One area of discussion related to the location and timing of Western 168 meeting was addressed by Miller McDonald of Ohio, who recommended to move the meeting to the AST A meetings on soybean and com which are held in Chicago each December, and potentially interacting on an every-other-year basis with the AST A meetings, related to the Flower and Garden Seed Group. Discussion ensued as to the importance of the individual and collaborative efforts of W -168 with researchers in the various land-grant universities and agriculture schools as part of a regional federal project, and that is was not in the best interest of these work ethics to associate with other outside groups, primarily because it will dictate timing and location of the meeting, it will potentially dilute discussions by individuals from the private sector, and also in such attempts with other groups in the past, generally the private sector is not open to group discussions, primarily due to protection of proprietary rights.
The group agreed to meet in Gainesville, Florida on Friday and Saturday, January 11-12,2002. The details of this meeting will be forthcoming from Dan Cantliffe, incoming Chair, W-168.
Additional discussion centered around discussions that Kent Bradford had California with John Cross of ASTA. John Cross feels strongly that with new leadership in the ASTA Research Foundation, potentially they would be more open in the future to discussions, especially from membership of Western 168, to increasing and broadening the funding sources for research-related seed biology. The Group felt that Kent had done an extraordinary job with his position paper that was presented to ASTA, approximately 2 years ago, related to the needs for fmancial backing to conduct research in various areas of seed biology. The Group also felt that it would be best if Kent Bradford could meet with AST A Seed Foundation at the AST A summer meetings in San Antonio, Texas, and discuss our interests in working more closely with the AST A Research Foundation members.
Dick Heimsch then discussed special research grants, and stated that in 1999 there were some $6 million awarded to special research grants, of which some of our work could be funded. In 2000, it was $84 million; in 2001, the figure should be higher.
Allen Knapp discussed the group conclusion from the long-distance learning meeting which was held on Thursday, January 11,2001. Items resulted from that discussion:
1. The group felt they should identify three or four things from four to six people with highimpact, large audience potential, and not specifically at the graduate/undergraduate level, potentially important to a broad audience.
2. The group should focus on general cutting edge seed biology.
3. Modules should be developed in a common format and development procedure to get fmancial backing, either through challenge grants and/or industry partners to develop the distance education module(s). The challenge grants presently available are maxed at $100,000 for one institution, or $250,000 for multi-institutions. And thus, the W -168 will fall under the multi-institutional grants. It was felt that this type of money would go a long way in instituting a distance educational module for seeds. How to determine faculty rewards and how faculty might get credit for such, as well as how the module or modules would be dispersed to the public once they were developed, i.e. would they be free or would they be paid for, will have to be resolved.
Dick Heimsch made further as per the importance, to add impact statements to the activity of the Western 168 Annual Report. This has become very important.
4. Dan Cantliffe will become Chair of Western 168 for 2002. Dennis TeKrony will move up to Vice-Chair. Because of the low number of individuals in attendance at this year‘s meeting, nominations for Secretary were withheld until the 2002 meeting. Potentially, the Secretary position could be filled by taking nominations through email to Dan Cantliffe, putting it into a general election of the membership and potentially activating the worthy winning candidate before the 2002 meeting. Others felt that it was important to have the Executive Committee at the meetings, and thus, it might be better to wait for that election until the 2002 meeting, so that the Secretary might elected from the members present. This will be worked out with the members during the next 12 months.
The Resolutions are attached. The meeting was adjourned at approximately 3:45pm wherein the members were treated to a tour of the Brigham Young University campus as well as some research that Phil Allen and Susan Meyer were doing in one of the nearby canyons with regard to natural resource restoration. The tour was adjourned at approximately 5:00pm and collaboration continued through the evening.
Respectfully submitted,
Daniel J. Cantliffe, Vice-Chair
Accomplishments
Elucidate fundamental mechanisms underlying seed development and germinability
CA - Genes encoding cell wall enzymes and expansins that are expressed during tomato seed germination were cloned and characterized. Most of these were expressed specifically in the endosperm cap tissue opposite the radicle tip prior to radicle emergence. They were inducible by gibberellin but expression generally was not inhibited by abscisic acid.
NY-I - Molecular structures and absolute configuration by NMR of fagopyritol A1, with a galactopyranosyl alpha-1-3 linkage to D-chiro-inositol, and fagopyritol B1, with a galactopyranosyl alpha-1-2 linkage to D-chiro-inositol, were characterized and reported from buckwheat. Fagopyritol A1 is isosteric to a putative insulin mediator deficient in subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
VA - Orobanche aegyptiaca seeds must under go preconditioning before germination can occur. Preconditioning is linked to changes in oxidase activity and gene expression as detected by differential display PCR. The plant hormone abscisic acid has been immunolocalize in developing Cucumis melo seeds using an antibody raised against an ABA-BSA conjugate. The amount of label detected decreased during development and was correlated with a lose of soluble ABA measured by indirect ELISA. The most immunogold labeling was detecting in the nucleus, plasma, and lipid body membranes, as well as the cytoplasm
Develop methods for improving seeds as genetic delivery systems
KY - Corn seed germination and vigor was reduced when immature seeds (harvested before physiological maturity) of five hybrids were subjected to freezing temperatures. Embryo seed moisture during seed development was consistently higher than endosperm moisture content, which resulted in the endosperm having a lower freezing point temperature than the endosperm.
IA - The first up-date of the Electronic Crop Protection Compendium (CPC) was issued by CAB International in 2000. The Database on Seedborne Diseases component of the CPC continues to be edited at the Seed Science Center, Iowa State University . The final rule for the National Seed Health System was published by USDA-APHIS in 2000 and the system is expected to start in early in 2001. The Seed Science Center, as the administration unit for the NSHS, is coordinating a peer review system to establish standardized seed health tests for the NSHS. These methods will be published in the NSHS Reference Manual on Seed Health Tests. Examples of these methods and an description of the NSHS are provides at the web site
LA - Interactions between the extent of dry afterripening and temperature during subsequent germination experiments were evaluated as factors that regulate the germination of red rice. Imbibing partially dormant spikelets at 15C induced secondary dormancy. Cold stratification at 5C promoted subsequent germination only after 1-2 weeks of dry afterripening.
NY-G - A biophysical method was developed to rapidly assess seed quality of individual large-seeded legume seeds. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was adapted from medical diagnostics, and offers tremendous potential seed testing and in studying seed biology. Seeds must be partially imbibed to obtain maximum differences between live and dead seeds.
OH - Improved methods for seed vigor testing are important to properly assess seed quality. A novel approach to testing seed vigor for small-seeded crops was developed utilizing saturated salts. The salts reduce the relative humidity inside a closed chamber and, when exposed to high temperatures (40C), cause a delayed deterioration of small seeds compared to the traditional accelerated aging test which uses water inside the closed chamber.
VA - Allium triccocum has a complex seed dormancy that includes both seed and epicotyl dormancy. Seed dormancy must first be overcome by stratification before radicle emergence. The epicotyl then may also be dormant and requires an additional cold moist treatment before plant growth can continue.
Define the ecological interactions of seeds with their environment
LA - Examination of 10 years of Crowley soil temperature data suggested that low temperature stratification is a germination trigger in the field, even in southern Louisiana, and this merits further investigation in studies of soil-buried seed.
OR - Seed yield was demonstrated to be responsive to rainfall quantity during developmentally important periods (early fall, late spring, or early summer), but not to seasonal or annual precipitation. Seed yield in several species was influenced by root biomass density early in crop stand life, but not in older stands.
Plans for 2001: CA, IO, NY-I, OR and VA will continue to work on the fundamental mechanisms underlying seed development and germinability, with emphasis at the molecular level. KY, IA, LA, NY-G, OH and VA will develop and examine methods to enhance seed and seedling performance and to characterize seed quality. OR will continue to examine grass seed production methods that are environmentally safe.
CA - Genes encoding cell wall enzymes and expansins that are expressed during tomato seed germination were cloned and characterized. Most of these were expressed specifically in the endosperm cap tissue opposite the radicle tip prior to radicle emergence. They were inducible by gibberellin but expression generally was not inhibited by abscisic acid.
NY-I - Molecular structures and absolute configuration by NMR of fagopyritol A1, with a galactopyranosyl alpha-1-3 linkage to D-chiro-inositol, and fagopyritol B1, with a galactopyranosyl alpha-1-2 linkage to D-chiro-inositol, were characterized and reported from buckwheat. Fagopyritol A1 is isosteric to a putative insulin mediator deficient in subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
VA - Orobanche aegyptiaca seeds must under go preconditioning before germination can occur. Preconditioning is linked to changes in oxidase activity and gene expression as detected by differential display PCR. The plant hormone abscisic acid has been immunolocalize in developing Cucumis melo seeds using an antibody raised against an ABA-BSA conjugate. The amount of label detected decreased during development and was correlated with a lose of soluble ABA measured by indirect ELISA. The most immunogold labeling was detecting in the nucleus, plasma, and lipid body membranes, as well as the cytoplasm
Develop methods for improving seeds as genetic delivery systems
KY - Corn seed germination and vigor was reduced when immature seeds (harvested before physiological maturity) of five hybrids were subjected to freezing temperatures. Embryo seed moisture during seed development was consistently higher than endosperm moisture content, which resulted in the endosperm having a lower freezing point temperature than the endosperm.
IA - The first up-date of the Electronic Crop Protection Compendium (CPC) was issued by CAB International in 2000. The Database on Seedborne Diseases component of the CPC continues to be edited at the Seed Science Center, Iowa State University . The final rule for the National Seed Health System was published by USDA-APHIS in 2000 and the system is expected to start in early in 2001. The Seed Science Center, as the administration unit for the NSHS, is coordinating a peer review system to establish standardized seed health tests for the NSHS. These methods will be published in the NSHS Reference Manual on Seed Health Tests. Examples of these methods and an description of the NSHS are provides at the web site
LA - Interactions between the extent of dry afterripening and temperature during subsequent germination experiments were evaluated as factors that regulate the germination of red rice. Imbibing partially dormant spikelets at 15C induced secondary dormancy. Cold stratification at 5C promoted subsequent germination only after 1-2 weeks of dry afterripening.
NY-G - A biophysical method was developed to rapidly assess seed quality of individual large-seeded legume seeds. Electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was adapted from medical diagnostics, and offers tremendous potential seed testing and in studying seed biology. Seeds must be partially imbibed to obtain maximum differences between live and dead seeds.
OH - Improved methods for seed vigor testing are important to properly assess seed quality. A novel approach to testing seed vigor for small-seeded crops was developed utilizing saturated salts. The salts reduce the relative humidity inside a closed chamber and, when exposed to high temperatures (40C), cause a delayed deterioration of small seeds compared to the traditional accelerated aging test which uses water inside the closed chamber.
VA - Allium triccocum has a complex seed dormancy that includes both seed and epicotyl dormancy. Seed dormancy must first be overcome by stratification before radicle emergence. The epicotyl then may also be dormant and requires an additional cold moist treatment before plant growth can continue.
Define the ecological interactions of seeds with their environment
LA - Examination of 10 years of Crowley soil temperature data suggested that low temperature stratification is a germination trigger in the field, even in southern Louisiana, and this merits further investigation in studies of soil-buried seed.
OR - Seed yield was demonstrated to be responsive to rainfall quantity during developmentally important periods (early fall, late spring, or early summer), but not to seasonal or annual precipitation. Seed yield in several species was influenced by root biomass density early in crop stand life, but not in older stands.
Plans for 2001: CA, IO, NY-I, OR and VA will continue to work on the fundamental mechanisms underlying seed development and germinability, with emphasis at the molecular level. KY, IA, LA, NY-G, OH and VA will develop and examine methods to enhance seed and seedling performance and to characterize seed quality. OR will continue to examine grass seed production methods that are environmentally safe.
Impacts
- Genetic approaches to the study of seed germination in the parasitic weed species Orobanche aegyptiaca will yield important fundamental information that can be used to control this important international weed pest.
- Fagopyritol A1 is a member of a novel new series of galactosyl cyclitols found in buckwheat seeds. Fagopyritols may have a potential nutriceutical/pharmaceutical use for the treatment of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus and polycystic ovary syndrome in addition to a
- A comprehensive, international-based Database on Seedborne Diseases edited at the Seed Science Center is now available in CD Rom format.
- Results of our controlled environment studies reveal that rhizome and root formation in red fescue species is mediated by phytochrome responses to light quality of the growth environment.
- Seed producers should consider differences in seed moisture content between the embryo and endosperm seed tissues when evaluating losses in seed quality related to freeze injury.
Publications
Aberle, E.Z., L.R. Gibson, A.D. Knapp, K.J. Moore, and R.L. Hinz. 2000. Determination of Optimum Planting Procedures of Eastern Gamagrass in a Northern Climate. In 2000 Annual Meeting Abstracts, Minneapolis, MN. Nov. 5-9, 2000. pg. 131.
Adam K. M., M. K. Misra., Yuh-Yuan Shyy., and Dan Curry. 2000. Effect of moisture content on weight and count of corn and soybean seeds. American Society of Agricultural Engineers, Paper No. MC100-104. St Joseph, MI: ASAE.
Alvarado V, Nonogaki H, Bradford KJ. 2000. Expression of endo-b-mannanase and SNF related protein kinase genes in true potato seeds in relation to dormancy, gibberellin and abscisic acid. In Viemont J-D, Crabbe J, eds, Dormancy in Plants: From Whole Plant Behaviour to Cellular Control. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp 347-364.
Bradford KJ, Chen F, Cooley MB, Dahal P, Downie B, Fukunaga KK, Gee OH, Gurusinghe S, Mella RA, Nonogaki H, Wu C-T, Yim K-O. 2000. Gene expression prior to radicle emergence in imbibed tomato seeds. In Black M, Bradford KJ, Vazquez-Ramos J, eds, Seed Biology: Advances and Applications. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp 231-251.
Burton, M. G., M. J. Lauer, and M. B. McDonald. 2000. Calcium effects on seed production, elemental composition, and quality. Crop Sci. 40:476-482.
Chastain, T.G., W.C. Young III, C.J. Garbacik, P.D. Meints, and T.B. Silberstein. 2000. Alternative residue management and stand age effects on seed quality in cool-season perennial grasses. Seed Technology 22: 34-42.
Chastain, T.G., W.C. Young III, C.J. Garbacik, and T.B. Silberstein. 2000. Root productivity and seed production in grass seed crops. In W.C. Young III (ed.) Seed Production. Crop Sci. Ext. Rep. 114:15-18.
Chen, F., and Bradford, K.J. (2000) Expression of an expansin is associated with endosperm weakening during tomato seed germination. Plant Physiol. 124: 1265-1274.
Cohn, M.A. and Hilhorst, H.W.M. (2000) Alcohols that break seed dormancy: the anesthetic hypothesis, dead or alive? pp. 259-274 in Viemont, J.D.; Crabbe, J. (Eds) Dormancy in plants: From whole plant behaviour to cellular control. Wallingford, CABI Publishing.
Doherty, L.C. and Cohn, M.A. (2000) Seed dormancy in red rice (Oryza sativa). XI. Commercial liquid smoke elicits germination. Seed Science Research 10, 415-421.
Hilhorst, H.W.M. and Cohn, M.A. (2000) Are cellular membranes involved in the control of seed dormancy? pp. 275-289 in Viemont, J.D.; Crabbe, J. (Eds) Dormancy in plants: From whole plant behaviour to cellular control. Wallingford, CABI Publishing.
Johnson, C. F., A. G. Taylor, D. H. Paine, C. H. Roe and L. W. Konikiewicz. 2000. Hardware analysis for non-destructive individual seed conductivity measurements: Implications for detecting glass-phase transitions. NASA Technical Memorandum 2000-208566.
Knapp, A.D. .2000. An overview of seed dormancy in native warm-season grasses. In. Native Warm-Season Grasses: Research Trends and Issues. CSSA Special Publication Number 28. Pges 107-122.
Lee, P. C., A. G. Taylor, M. Zhang, and Y. Esashi. 2000. Volatile compounds and accumulation of acetaldehyde-protein adducts in relation to seed quality and storage conditions. J. New Seeds 2: 59-76.
Lee, P. C., A. G. Taylor, M. Zhang, and Y. Esashi. 2000. Evolution of volatiles during seed aging: Exogenous gas application. J. New Seeds 2: 77-91.
McGee, D. C. 2000. Editor Database on Seedborne Diseases component of the CAB International Crop Protection Compendium. CABI, Wallingford, UK.
McGee, D. C. 2000. Pathology of seed deterioration. Pages 5363 in: Genetic Impovement of Seed Quality. Special Publication. No. 31, Crop Science Society of America.
McGee, D. C. 2000. Management of seed-borne fungal diseases. Pages 144-147 in: Proc. ISTA/Govt, of Japan Workshop on Seed Pathology, Nagoya, Japan, 1998.
McGee, D. C, Munkvold, G., and Daniels, J. 2000. The relative importance of infected soybean seeds and bean leaf beetles as inoculum sources for bean pod mottle virus. Pages 103-112 in: 12th Annual Integrated Crop management Conference, Ames, IA.
Modi, A. T., J. G. Streeter and M. B. McDonald. 2000. Relative efficiency of ethanol and pyridine as extractants of low molecular weight carbohydrates from soybean axes. Seed Sci. & Technol. 28:193-200.
Modi, A. T., M. B. McDonald, and J. G. Streeter. 2000. Soluble carbohydrates in soybean seeds during development and imbibition. Seed Sci. & Technol. 28:115-127.
Oard, J., Cohn, M.A., Linscombe, S., Gealy, D. and Gravois, K. (2000) Field evaluation of seed production, shattering and dormancy in hybrid populations of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa) and the weed, red rice (Oryza sativa). Plant Science 157, 13-22.
Obendorf, R. L. and M. Horbowicz. 2000. Preparation of fagopyritols and uses therefor. United States Patent Number 6,162,795. Date of Patent: December 19, 2000. 35 pages.
Obendorf, R. L., K. J. Steadman, D. J. Fuller, M. Horbowicz, and B. A. Lewis. 2000. Molecular structure of fagopyritol A1 (O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-3)-D-chiro-inositol) by
NMR. Carbohydr. Res. 328: 623-627.
Nonogaki H, Gee OH, Bradford KJ. 2000. A germination-specific endo-b-mannanase gene is expressed in the micropylar endosperm cap of tomato seeds. Plant Physiology 123: 1235-1245.
Sako, Y., K. Fujimura, M. McDonald and D. James. 2000. Use of QuickTime VR for three-dimensional seed visualization. Seed Technol. 23:50-57.
Silberstein, T.B., W.C. Young III, T.G. Chastain, and C.J. Garbacik. 2000. Response of cool-season grasses to foliar applications of Palisade (trinexapac-ethyl) plant growth regulator, 1999. In W.C. Young III (ed.) Seed Production. Crop Sci. Ext. Rep. 114:35-39.
Silberstein, T.B., W.C. Young III, T.G. Chastain, and C.J. Garbacik. 2000. Response of cool-season grasses to foliar applications of Apogee (prohexadione-calcium) plant growth regulator, 1999. In W.C. Young III (ed.) Seed Production. Crop Sci. Ext. Rep. 114:40-44.
Steadman, K. J., M. S. Burgoon, R. L. Schuster, B. A. Lewis, S. E. Edwardson, and R. L. Obendorf. 2000. Fagopyritol, D-chiro-inositol, and other soluble carbohydrates in buckwheat seed milling fractions. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48: 2843-2847.
Tang, S., D. M. Tekrony, D. B. Egli and P. Cornelius. 2000. An alternative model to predict corn seed deterioration during storage. Crop Science 40: 463-470.
Tang, S., D. M. Tekrony, M. Collins and C. McKenna. 2000. Determination of high moisture in maize. Seed Technology 22: 43-58.
Taylor, A. G. and J. Kwiatkowski. 2000. Imbibitional chilling injury: Varietal differences. Bean Improvement Cooperative. 43: 126-127.
Taylor, A. G., T-G. Min and D. H. Paine. 2000. Maillard reactions cause browning in bean seed coats during ageing: Inhibition by aminoguanidine. In: Black, M, K. J. Bradford and J. Vazquez-Ramos. (eds.) Seed biology: Advances and applications. CABI Pub.Woltz, J. M. and D. M. TeKrony. 2000. Accelerated aging test for corn seed. Seed Technology 23: 21-35.
Welbaum, GE. 2000. Distance learning and world wide web resources on seeds and related subjects in the U.S. Journal of New Seeds 2: 47-53.
Welbaum, GE, DR Hill, E Pavel, RL Grayson, and M Gunatilaka 2000. Compartmentation of abscisic acid in developing muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds. In: M. Black, K.J. Bradford, and J. Vazquez-Ramos eds, Seed Biology: Advances and Applications. CAB International, Wallington, UK. Chapter 8, pgs 85-100.
Young III, W.C., G.A. Gingrich, T.B. Silberstein, S.M. Griffith, T.G. Chastain, and J.M. Hart. 2000. Defining optimum nitrogen fertilizer practices for fine fescue seed production systems in the Willamette Valley. In W.C. Young III (ed.) Seed Production. Crop Sci. Ext. Rep. 114:6-10.
Young III, W.C., M.E. Mellbye, G.A. Gingrich, T.B. Silberstein, S.M. Griffith, T.G. Chastain, and J.M. Hart. 2000. Defining optimum nitrogen fertilizer practices for perennial ryegrass and tall fescue seed production systems in the Willamette Valley. In W.C. Young III (ed.) Seed Production. Crop Sci. Ext. Rep. 114:1-6.
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Sako, Y., K. Fujimura, M. McDonald and D. James. 2000. Use of QuickTime VR for three-dimensional seed visualization. Seed Technol. 23:50-57.
Silberstein, T.B., W.C. Young III, T.G. Chastain, and C.J. Garbacik. 2000. Response of cool-season grasses to foliar applications of Palisade (trinexapac-ethyl) plant growth regulator, 1999. In W.C. Young III (ed.) Seed Production. Crop Sci. Ext. Rep. 114:35-39.
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Welbaum, GE, DR Hill, E Pavel, RL Grayson, and M Gunatilaka 2000. Compartmentation of abscisic acid in developing muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds. In: M. Black, K.J. Bradford, and J. Vazquez-Ramos eds, Seed Biology: Advances and Applications. CAB International, Wallington, UK. Chapter 8, pgs 85-100.
Young III, W.C., G.A. Gingrich, T.B. Silberstein, S.M. Griffith, T.G. Chastain, and J.M. Hart. 2000. Defining optimum nitrogen fertilizer practices for fine fescue seed production systems in the Willamette Valley. In W.C. Young III (ed.) Seed Production. Crop Sci. Ext. Rep. 114:6-10.
Young III, W.C., M.E. Mellbye, G.A. Gingrich, T.B. Silberstein, S.M. Griffith, T.G. Chastain, and J.M. Hart. 2000. Defining optimum nitrogen fertilizer practices for perennial ryegrass and tall fescue seed production systems in the Willamette Valley. In W.C. Young III (ed.) Seed Production. Crop Sci. Ext. Rep. 114:1-6.