Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting: The meeting at Moses Lake, Washington, February 6, 2007, called to order by chair, Jonathan Whitworth at 8 am. Introductions were made and the previous 2006 meeting minutes approved. State reports were given by Oregon, Texas, Colorado, Washington, Idaho, and California. An update was given on Plant Variety Protection (PVP) in the terms of the number of applications and the associated backlog for processing them. An update was given on the Western Regional Potato Variety Database, followed by 2006 Western Regional Trial results. Trial results covered, early and late harvest, post-harvest, chipping potatoes, and red and specialty trials. Seed supplies for the 2007 trials were discussed and a shipping list was submitted. The 2008 meeting date and location was selected as January 28 in Oregon. Jeff Koym was appointed secretary for the 2008 meeting which will be chaired by Samuel Essah. The meeting was adjourned at 12:15 pm.

Colorado Crosses in 2006 were done in two blocks with block 1 objectives being russet cultivar development, PVY immunity, and nematode resistance. Block 2 objectives were russets, reds, specialty, and late blight resistance. Approximately 55,215 seedling tubers representing 282 families were produced from 2004 and 2005 crosses, for initial field selection in 2007. These seedlings represent crosses segregating primarily for russet, reds, specialty types, and disease resistance/immunity (late blight, PLRV, and PVY). Second through fourth size seedling tubers will be distributed to Idaho (USDA-ARS), Minnesota, North Dakota, Texas, Wisconsin, and Alberta, Canada. Colorado grew 80,019 first-year seedlings in 2006, with 653 selected for subsequent planting, evaluation, and increase in future years. A portion of these seedlings were obtained from the USDA-ARS, Agriculture Canada, North Dakota State University, and Texas A&M University. 1,080 clones were in 12-hill, preliminary, and intermediate stages of selection. At harvest, 263 were selected. Forty-eight advanced selections were saved at harvest and will be increased in 2007 pending final evaluations. Another 226 selections and cultivars were maintained for germplasm development, breeding, other experimental purposes, or seed increases for other programs. All trials are grown under low input conditions, primarily for reduced nitrogen and fungicide. Recent releases undergoing commercialization include Rio Grande Russet (AC89536-5RU), Colorado Rose (CO89097-2R), Mountain Rose (CO94183-1R/R), and Purple Majesty (CO94165-3P/P). Two new releases for 2007 are Canela Russet (AC92009-4RU) and Rio Colorado (NDC5281-2R). Canela Russet is a fresh market selection with excellent tuber type and a long dormancy. Rio Colorado has a bright red skin with a high percentage of B sized tubers. PVP is pending for Keystone Russet, Silverton Russet, Colorado Rose, Rio Grande Russet, Mountain Rose, Purple Majesty. Washington The Washington State Variety Development Group successfully planted, grew, harvested, and analyzed twelve research trials (six variety and six cultural management trials). The variety trials compared 45 new clones and cultivars to 7 standard reference cultivars for early- and late-harvest management. In addition, three cultivars were jointly released: A93157-6LS, A9045-7, and NDA5507-3Y with Oregon, Idaho, and USDA-ARS. They will be grown in the U.S. under the trademarked names of Premier Russet, Highland Russet, and Yukon Gem, respectively. The second year of a reduced in-season nitrogen study was conducted with 2 rates and 8 varieties. The study examined 8 new and existing varieties under 100% of Russet Burbank (RB) recommended in-season nitrogen and 50% of RB recommended in-season nitrogen (N). Results showed that all although cultivars typically yield less with the reduced rate of N, the ECONOMIC yield is not significantly different, and is often higher, after accounting for the N expense. Results showed that A93157-6LS tended to have less hollow heart, A95109-1 tubers are a more marketable size, and Alturas does fine with reduced N. Release of A95109-1 in 2007 as an early and late fresh and direct-processing cultivar is likely. From variety and reduced nitrogen trials, there were indications that this variety has great potential due to good flavor, uniform shape, high US# 1 pack out, and ability to yield with lower in-season nitrogen. However, A95109-1 has a low set and the tubers will get too large for both markets. Cultural recommendations from one years trial data for an early harvest are: fertilize like Russet Burbank, space between 8 and 11 inches; for a late harvest, plant at 8 inches in-row and cut back in-season nitrogen to 50% of RB . The Variety Growth Cycle Morphology study with Dr. Knowles was repeated. The data is providing important information about many new and existing cultivars that will help make cultural and post-harvest management recommendations to maximize grower profits. Chris Hiles, (M.S. student) will join to the WSU Potato Variety Development team in 2007. His focus will be on fertility management for existing cultivars. For example, Chris will focus on an in-season N recommendation study for a cultivar, such as Alturas, using multiple N rates. We also conducted a preliminary trail on late season nitrogen and phosphorous applications to Russet Burbank. No significant treatment differences were apparent. The trial will likely be repeated in 2007 with additional treatments or application timings added. Oregon M.I. Vales, S. Yilma, K. Marling, D. Hane, L. Leroux, C. Shock, E. Eldredge, S. James, and B. Charlton The main goal of the Oregon Potato Program is to develop new potato varieties with high yield and quality. Keeping those two things in mind, we are focusing on breeding for resistance to diseases, pests and abiotic stresses for all potato market classes. When possible, multi-trait recurrent selection procedures are used. A new molecular genetics laboratory in Corvallis is now functional. Accomplishments include a high throughput DNA extraction procedure was successfully adapted to potatoes and implementation of molecular markers to select for resistant triats. These markers associated with extreme resistance to PVY derived from the S. tuberosum andigena and S. stoloniferum sources were used in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). PCR results obtained from populations segregating for PVY resistance were compared with DAS-ELISA (Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) results obtained from artificial inoculations of the same breeding populations planted in replicated greenhouse experiments. Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) for Potato Virus Y (PVY) was also applied in the Oregon breeding program at the single hill stage. Ryon Ottoman completed his Master Thesis on Marker-Assisted Selection for Resistance to Potato Virus Y. His project represents the first application of MAS to the Oregon Potato Breeding Program. Results were presented at the Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics Annual meeting, at the Potato Association of America Conference in 2006 and at the Plant and Animal Genome Conference in 2007, with a manuscript submitted to AJPR and a second one ready for submission. We expect current traditional potato breeding program to be reinvigorated by using molecular breeding approaches. During 2006, workers at Oregon branch experiment stations and at the Crop and Soil Science Dept. in Corvallis conducted all facets of a conventional potato breeding program from crossing to final cultivar testing for naming and release. These are collaborative activities with the Tri-State Program with Washington State Univ., Univ. of Idaho, and the USDA-ARS. Approximately 60,000 progeny were generated, including 40,000 russets (from Corvallis and Aberdeen ARS crosses), 20,000 colored-flesh and specialties (Corvallis and Prosser ARS crosses). OSU crosses were aimed primarily at disease/pest resistance and colored-flesh progeny. Tests of the best clones were done in various trials at Hermiston, Powell Butte and Klamath Falls Corvallis, Madras, and Ontario. The best clones of Oregon State-wide Trials were moved to Tri-state (WA, OR, ID) and Western Regional (expanded to TX, CO, and CA) trials. The best entries in Oregon State-wide trials were AO96305-3, A096365-2, AO98282-5 and AO00057-2 Detailed Performance data for all 2006 Tri-State and Western Regional variety trials is available at http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/docs.htm?docid=3019. Color-flesh/specialty materials advanced to the regional trial include: PA96RR1-193, POR00PG4-1, POR02PG5-1, POR02PG26-5 and POR02PG37-2. Remaining in the State-wide trial are POR01PG45-5, OR00068-11, POR03PG12-2, POR03PG23-1, and POR03PG80-2. Breeder seed continues to be produced for Tri-state and regional trials at the Powell Butte station. Extensive field trials for late blight resistance were conducted at Corvallis. Entries (685 clones) included germplasm from Oregon, Idaho, Wisconsin, Texas, Colorado, Michigan, California and Maryland. Advanced entries A97066-42LB, AC97521-1R/Y, VC1009-1W/Y and AO96141-3 showed high field resistance (<700 AUDPC) to foliar late blight. Entries VC1009-1W/Y and AC97521-1R/Y showed high field resistance to both foliage and tuber. Low tuber infection (<10%) was observed in VC1009-1W/Y, MWTX2609-2Ru, AO96164-1, POR01PG22-1, CO97090-4RU, AC97521-1R/Y and CO97232-1R/Y. In the National Late Blight Trial very high (<10 AUDPC) foliar late blight resistance was recorded for B0718-3, B0692-4, LBR9 and LBR8. Tuber resistance was high (<10%) for entries B0718-3, B0692-4 and LBR8. Organically grown cultivars and advanced selections were also screened for late blight resistance in Corvallis. Results show that Ozette (yellow fingerling variety), MSM182-1 (advanced chipping selection), Defender (Late blight resistant long russet variety), MSJ461-1 and Purple Peruvian had high (<700 AUDPC) foliage resistance. MSM182-1, Defender, MSM171-A, Butte and Sebago had <10% tuber late blight infection. Verticillium wilt/early die screening and field screening for PVY and PLRV were conducted at Hermiston. Screening of root-knot nematode resistance was carried out in Klamath Falls. Idaho Evaluations of potato clones in 31 trials at five locations were conducted across the southern part of the state. Emphasis was on selecting varieties with adaptation to local conditions, utility in both fresh and processing markets, production efficiency, and multiple disease resistances. Significant progress was made in identifying corky ringspot resistant germplasm with desirable yield, quality, and tuber appearance characteristics. Three new potato cultivars were jointly released with Univ. of Idaho as the lead institution. They were Premier Russet, Yukon Gem and Highland Russet. Premier Russet is a dual purpose russet with mid-to late season maturity. It has a oblong-long, medium-russeted tubers, high specific gravity, excellent fry color from cold storage and resistances to sugar ends, tuber malformations and most internal and external defects. Premier Russet is highly resistant to the accumulation of reducing sugars following long-term storage at 40-45 F. Its cold-sweetening resistance allows storage at colder temperatures thereby prolonging tuber dormancy and quality for processing or fresh pack use. Relative strengths include high yield with a very high proportion of U.S. No. 1 tubers, good tuber appearance, excellent processing quality and a high level of PVYO resistance. Weaknesses include susceptibility to blackspot bruise, and moderate susceptibility to hollow heart and dry rot. Yukon Gem is a mid-season selection with light-yellow flesh and higher yield potential than Yukon Gold (its paternal parent). It is also is notable for its PVY and foliar and tuber blight resistances that are derived from its Scottish parent, Brodick. Yukon Gem has completed three years of evaluation (2002-2004) in the Western Regional Red/Specialty Potato Trial. Total yield across all Western regional sites was greater than Yukon Gold. Merit ratings for fresh pack characteristics were comparable to those for Yukon Gold in all three years. Yukon Gem has moderately low specific gravity and good resistance to tuber malformations and most internal and external defects. It produces acceptable potato chips but lower specific gravity may limit its use for this purpose. Highland Russet is a mid to late season variety notable for its high yield of uniform, oblong-long, lightly-russetted tubers. This variety has moderately high specific gravity and resistances to sugar ends, tuber malformations and most internal and external defects. It also has reasonably good resistance to Verticillium wilt and PVYO. Highland Russet has been successfully grown and processed in commercial trials. Fry recovery from the field and storage is been high showing good potential for the processing market. Fresh market use for Highland Russet may be limited due to its light skin, but tuber conformation and uniformity are excellent. Management Studies were conducted to help define recommendations for new varieties, specifically with respect to nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization, plant spacing and seed piece size requirements, irrigation and water stress responses, and herbicide tolerances. Additional studies were initiated to determine the effectiveness of in-season potassium chloride applications for managing specific gravity in some of the newer potato cultivars from the Tri State Program. Briefly, the results of the irrigation studies allowed identification of potato cultivars such as Premier Russet with relatively good drought tolerance and resistance to stress-related defects, as well as drought sensitive cultivars, such as Alturas, with a relatively high water requirement and that would benefit from wider seed piece spacing under drought conditions. The nitrogen and phosphorus studies provided important management information with respect to the nutrient requirements of the new cultivars as well as for establishing sufficiency levels for petiole nitrate and phosphorus concentrations. Results of the potassium study showed that topdressing dry KCl will probably not be an effectively manage specific gravity for optimum processing quality and economic return. The spacing/seed piece size studies provided essential information on seed management and planting for each of the new cultivars. Texas First year seedlings (77,534) resulting from 575 different parental combinations were grown near Springlake and near Dalhart for selection with 222 original selections made. A crossing block of 23 clones was to produce 39 families with emphasis on colored flesh. Seedling tubers were received from the North Dakota (20,155), USDA/ARS Aberdeen, ID (9,717), Oregon (15,784), and Colorado (20,147) breeding programs. In the greenhouse 13,406 (Texas) tuberlings were grown from true seed and 6,946 were sent to the Colorado (2,688), North Dakota (1,516), Minnesota (1,281), and USDA/ARS Prosser, WA (1,561) programs. The Texas Program had five entries in the Western Regional Russet Trial, one in the Western Regional Chipping Trial, and sixteen entries in the Southwestern Regional Trials Texas entries into trials Western Regional Russet Trial; AOTX95265-2ARu, AOTX95265-4Ru, MWTX2609-2Ru, MWTX2609-4Ru, TXA549-1Ru. Southwestern Regional Trials; ATTX961014-1R/Y, ATTX98500-2P/Y, AOTX95265-1RU, AOTX95265-3RU, AOTX95295-3RU, AOTX98137-1RU, ATX9117-1RU, ATX9130-1RU, ATX9202-3RU, ATX97147-4RU, ATTX98453-6R, COTX94218-1R, COTX00104-7R, NDTX4784-7R, NDTX4828-2R, and TX1475-3W. Western Regional Chipping Trial; ATTX95490-2W There is a continued expanded emphasis on evaluating processing /chipping selections as well as colored flesh selections. Work continues on screening for and identifying important phytochemicals in potato and its wild relatives including evaluating these compounds for anti-cancerous properties and preparation of publications reporting this work Virtually all of the russet potatoes grown in Texas in 2006 were the improved Texas Russet Norkotah strains. In 2005, Texas recorded the highest Summer crop yields in the nation (465Cwt/A) among the 12 states producing a summer crop. PVP is pending for TX1523-1Ru/Y (Sierra Goldä), Stampede Russet, and Rio Rojo. A major program emphasis continued to involve virus testing, clean-up, and minituber multiplication of the significant backlog of selected clones. California Klamath Pearl, a small white potato cultivar specifically screened and developed as a gourmet potato, suitable for organic production in the Klamath Basin area was marketed nationally. Variety evaluations at the Intermountain Research and Extension Center in Tulelake included the Western Regional Russet Variety Trial, Western Regional Chip Variety Trial and Western Regional Red/Specialty Variety Trial and the Southwest Regional Variety Trials. In total, 316 replicated variety yield plots were harvested and graded. In addition to the regional variety trials, cultural management trails were conducted on new and near-released potato varieties. This type of research is critical to the successful commercial adoption of newly released varieties. A total of 320 potato management yield plots were harvested and graded. Trials were conducted to determine optimum planting densities for six Russet skinned varieties and four red skinned cultivars. Except for one entry, all of the varieties produced higher yields and better size grade profiles at the highest plant densities. This is not too surprising given Tulelakes short growing season. Interestingly, TX1532-1Ru/Y, a Russet skinned, yellow fleshed variety, produced better at the intermediate planting densities. Three red varieties and seven Russet varieties were also evaluated for response to increasing rates of nitrogen fertilizer. The responsiveness of the tested varieties to nitrogen fertilization was very modest with a few cultivars showing slight increases in yield with added N and others showing slight decreases. These results may have been attenuated by a favorable sequence of crop rotations preceding the trials and by the 10% stable organic matter content of the Tulelake soils. Storage trials at Tulelake included two replicated samples of all yield trial entries. Fresh market Russet, red and yellow selections were stored at 38-40°F and chipper entries were stored at 50°F. The most promising experimental cultivars from the Tulelake Regional Trials were displayed and discussed at a well attended potato grower meeting in Tulelake on February 16, 2006. Within the Southwest Regional Trial in Kern County, a small Mycorrhizae Inoculation Trial was conducted. To determine if seed pieces dusted with a commercial mycorrhizal inoculant may improve potato yield or quality. Like the previous two years results, there was a significant increase in yield for standard strain of Russet Norkotah of nearly 90 cwt/A with the addition of the inoculant. On all the other varieties, the inoculant actually reduced yields slightly.

Alenazi, M. M., Hughes, H. G., Stushnoff, C. and Holm, D. G. 2006. Influence of storage temperature and time in storage on pigment content of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). HortScience, 41:1014. (Abstract). Brown, C. R., J. M. Crosslin, H. Mojtahedi, S. James, and B. A. Charlton. 2006. Stability of and nature of resistance to corky ringspot disease in an advanced tetraploid breeding population. In press. Amer. J. Potato Res. Brown, C. R., Mojtahedi, H., James, S., Novy, R. G., and Love, S. 2006. Development and evaluation of potato breeding lines with introgressed resistance to columbia root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne chitwoodi). Amer. J. Potato. Res. 83: 1-8. Brown, C.R., J.M. Crosslin, H. Mojtahedi, S. James, and B.A. Charlton. 2006. Stability of and Nature of Resistance to Corky Ringspot Disease in an Advanced Tetreploid Breeding Population. In press. Am J Potato Res. Charlton, B. A. 2006. 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Online: http://oregonstate.edu/potatoes/reports/2006 Vales, M. I., J. McMorran, A. R. Mosley, and S. Yilma. 2006. Crop science extension and foundation seed program. In: Research Progress Reports. The Oregon Potato Commission, Portland. Online: http://oregonstate.edu/potatoes/reports/2006 Whitworth, J.L., P.B. Hamm, D.C. Hane, C.S. McIntosh. 2006. Effect of Potato virus Y (PVY) on yield of Russet Norkotah Lines. American Journal of Potato Research. 83:138. Yilma S., A. R. Mosley, and M. I. Vales. 2006. The effect of meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba) seed meal extract in potato production. In abstracts of the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops (AAIC) Annual Meeting. New Crops and New Uses: Creating Markets for Economic Development. October 14-18, 2006. San Diego, California.