Brief Summary of Minutes of Annual Meeting

The thirtieth annual meeting of NC-136 was held at the Buehler Alumni Center, University of California, Davis, CA during October 2-4, 2004. The meeting was chaired by Daubert (North Carolina) and hosted by Singh (California). Four ad-hoc committees held their meetings on Oct 2, 2004 from 2:00 to 3:45 pm. Afterwards the Re-write subcommittees for the four objectives met and discussed improvements to be made and tasks to complete the process on time. In the evening there was a dinner reception hosted by Dr. and Mrs. Singh at their home. On Sunday morning October the 3rd, Daubert read segments from the e-mail message from Administrative Advisor Lund. Chen (USDA/CSREES) gave an update on research funding. Re-Write Committee Chair Castell-Perez thanked all the participants for the efforts in contributing to the rewrite committee. Castell-Perez summarized the activities for the morning session. Wilson talked about the involvement of NASA in the NC136 committee. Then the Objectives D & C reports were presented. During the afternoon the Objectives C, B & A reports were presented. On Tuesday the 4th, ad hoc committees presented the wrap-up reports (DSC committee - Wiesenborn; Gels committee - Daubert; Mathematical modeling committee - Datta; Fried Oil Quality committee - Mallikarjunan). Following the reports, new ad hoc committees were formed. During business meeting, K. McCarthy (CA) was nominated for secretary and unanimously elected. Then the new ad-hoc committees met separately for 20 minutes and discussed possible objectives to be pursued for next year. Following the discussion, the new ad-hoc committees presented their objectives for next year (Extrusion committee - Hanna; Powders committee - Barringer; High Pressure Processing committee - Torres; Impingement committee - Singh).

The following are the potential accomplishments and impacts based upon completion or on-going collaborative work: * Sharing of ideas, approaches, results, and reviews among the stations was one of most important accomplishments of the last year project. * Through the work undertaken by the Yield Stress ad hoc committee, the vane method is now commercialized by Brookfield Engineering Laboratories (MA). The new Brookfield Yield Stress viscometer has been marketed for quality control and research. * NC-136 members (CA, NJ) worked together and published a peer-reviewed article tilted Fluid flow and heat transfer in air jet impingement in food processing. Journal of Food Science. 69(4):113-122. * The "Fried Oil Quality" ad hoc committee (VA, TX, ND, IA, SD) is working together to submit a peer-reviewed article in Journal of Food Science. * The NC-136 committee provides an opportunity to have a focused and concentrated meeting/interaction with other food engineers from the scientific community. This is a critical meeting to attend, as specific problems, solution approaches to problems, and the development of new collaborative research, teaching, and outreach activities have been achieved. * The format of annual meetings allowed detailed presentation of collaborative and other research efforts to the entire group. This provides a critical review of the research on an ongoing basis. * The presentation/discussion sections provided stimuli for solving engineering problems and have raised the awareness of all the NC-136 members to specific opportunities between stations that would have not occurred otherwise. Discussion sessions are especially useful because they focus on works in development, promote exchange of ideas, and offer the opportunity to forge collaborative teams.

1. Al-Holy M, Quinde Z, Guan D, Tang J, Rasco B. 2004. Thermal inactivation of listeria innocua in salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) caviar using conventional glass and novel aluminum TDT tubes. J Food Prot 67(2): 383-386. 2. Antonova I, Mallikarjunan P, Duncan SE. 2004. Sensory assessment of crispness in a breaded fried food held under a heat lamp. Foodservice Research International. Forthcoming. 3. Ariefdjohan MW, Nelson PE, Singh RK, Bhunia AK, Balasubramaniam VM, Singh N. 2004. The use of high hydrostatic pressure treatment in eliminating Escherichia coli O157: H7 and Listeria monocytogenes in alfalfa seeds. J of Food Sci 69(5):M117-20. 4. Bashor MP, Curtis PA, Keener KM, Sheldon BW, Kathariou S, Osborne JA. 2004. Effects of carcass washers on Campylobacter contamination in large broiler processing plants. J Poultry Sci 83(7):1232-1239. 5. Batmaz E, Sandeep KP. 2004. Overall heat transfer coefficient in a triple tube heat exchanger. J Heat and Mass Transfer. Accepted. 6. Biehl H, Barringer SA. 2004. Comparison of the effect of powder properties on coating transfer efficiency and dustiness in two non-electrostatic and electrostatic systems. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 5(2):191-198. 7. Birla SL, Wang S, Tang J, Hallman G. 2004. Improving heating uniformity of fresh fruits in radio frequency treatments for pest control. Postharvest Biol Technol 33: 205-217. 8. Caner C, Hernandez R, Pascall MA, Balasubramaniam VM. 2004. The effect of high pressure processing on the sorption of selected food simulants into polymeric films used for food packaging. Packaging Technol and Sci 17:139-153. 9. Castell-Perez ME, Moreno M, Rodriguez O, Moreira RG. 2004. Electron beam irradiation treatment of cantaloupes: effect on product quality. Food Sci Technol Int. December 2004 issue. 10. Castro I, Teixeira JA, Salengke S, Sastry SK, Vicente AA. 2004. Ohmic heating of strawberry products: electrical conductivity measurements and ascorbic acid degradation kinetics. Innov Food Sci & Emerg Technol 5:27-36. 11. Cho MJ, Unklesbay N, Hsieh F, Clarke AD. 2004. Hydrophobicity of bitter peptides from soy protein hydrolysates. J Agr Food Chem. Forthcoming. 12. Choi YJ, McCarthy MJ, McCarthy KL. 2004. MRI for process analysis: co-rotating twin screw extruder. J Proc Anal Chem x(xx): 72-85. 13. Cushman JH, Bennethum LS, Singh PP. 2004. Toward rational design of drug delivery substrates: I. Mixture theory for two-scale biocompatible polymers. Multiscale Modeling and Simulation: A SIAM Interdisciplinary J 2(2):302-334. 14. Cushman JH, Singh PP, Bennethum LS. 2004. Toward rational design of drug delivery substrates: II. Mixture theory for three-scale biocompatible polymers and a computational example. Multiscale Modeling and Simulation: A SIAM Interdisciplinary J 2(2):335-357. 15. DeJongh JJ, Steffe JF. 2004. Vane method to evaluate the yield stress of hot cereals. J Texture Studies 34:1-9. 16. Evrendilek GA, Li S, Dantzer WR, Zhang QH. 2004. Pulsed electric field processing beer: microbial, sensory and quality analysis. J Food Sci 69(7):x1-x5. 17. Evrendilek GA, Yeom HW, Jin ZT, Zhang QH. 2004. Safety and quality evaluation of a yogurt-based drink processed by a pilot plant PEF system. J Food Proc Eng 27(3):197-212. 18. Evrendilek GA, Zhang QH, Richter ER. 2004. Application of Pulsed Electric Fields to Skim Milk inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus. Biosystems Eng 87(2):137-144. 19. Feng H, Tang J, Plumb OA. 2004. Intrinsic and relative permeability for flow of humid air in unsaturated apple tissues. J Food Eng 62:185-192. 20. Feng X, Hansen JD, Biasi B, Tang J, Mitcham EJ. 2004. Use of hot water treatment to control codling moths in harvested California Bing sweet cherries. Postharvest Biol Technol 31: 41-49. 21. Fleischman GJ, Ravishankar S, Balasubramaniam VM. 2004. The inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes by pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment in a static chamber. Food Microbiol 21(1):91-95. 22. Friant NR, Marks BP, Bakker-Arkema FW. 2004. Drying rate of individual ears of corn. Trans ASAE 47(5): Forthcoming. 23. Gazit Y, Rossler Y, Wang S, Tang J, Lurie S. 2004. Thermal death kinetics of egg and 3rd instar Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis captitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae). J Econ Entomol. Forthcoming. 24. Genovese DB, Acquarone VM, Youn KS, Rao MA. 2004. Influence of fructose and sucrose on small and large deformation rheological behavior of heated Amioca starch dispersions. Food Sci Technol Int 10(1):51-57. 25. Gentry TS, Roberts JS. 2004. Design and evaluation of a continuous flow microwave pasteurization system for apple cider. Lebensm Wiss Technol. Forthcoming. 26. Gentry TS, Roberts JS. 2004. Formation kinetics and application of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural as a time-temperature indicator of lethality for continuous pasteurization of apple cider. Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol 5(3):327-333. 27. Gerard KA, Roberts JS. 2004. Microwave heating of apple mash to improve juice yield and quality. Lebensm Wiss Technol 37(5):551-557. 28. Ghosh, V, Ziegler, GR, Anantheswaran, RC. 2004. Moisture migration through chocolate-flavored confectionery coatings. J. Food Engineering 66:177. 29. Ghosh, V, Duda, JL, Ziegler, GR, Anantheswaran, RC. 2004. Diffusion of moisture through chocolate-flavored confectionery coatings. Transactions of IChemE 82(C1):35. 30. Granda C, Moreira RG, Tichy SE. 2004. Reduction of Acrylamide Formation in Potato Chips by Low Temperature Vacuum Frying. J Food Sci. Forthcoming. 31. Guan D, Cheng M, Wang Y, Tang J. 2004. Dielectric properties of mashed potatoes relevant to microwave and radio-frequency pasteurilization and sterilization processes. J Food Sci 69(1): 30-37. 32. Han J, Gomes-Feitosa CL, Castell-Perez ME, Moreira RG, da Silva P. 2004. Quality of Packaged Romaine Lettuce Hearts Exposed to Low-dose Electron Beam Irradiation. Lebensm Wiss Technol/Food Sci Technol 37(7):705-715. 33. Hansen J, Wang S, Tang J. 2004. A cumulated lethal time model to evaluate efficacy of heat treatments for codling moth Cydia pomonella (L) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in cherries. Postharvest Biol Technol 33(3): 309-317. 34. Hansen JD, Drake SR, Heidt ML, Watkins MA, Tang J, Wang S. 2004. Potential radio frequency-hot water dip treatment for postharvest codling moth control in fresh apples. HortTechnol. Forthcoming. 35. Hermawan N, Evrendilek GA, Zhang QH. 2004. Pulsed electric field treatment of liquid whole egg inoculated with Salmonella enteritidis. J Food Safety 24(1):71-85. 36. Hiney K, Nielsen B, Orth M, Rosenstein D, Marks BP. 2004. Short duration, high intensity exercise alters bone density and shape. J Animal Sci 82:1612-1620. 37. Hu X, Mallikarjunan P. 2004. Mathematical modeling of heat transfer of microwave heated fish gel. Agricultural Engineering Journal. Forthcoming. 38. Huang Y, Singh PP, Tang J, Swanson BG. 2004. Gelling temperatures of high acyl gellan as affected by monovalent and divalent cations with dynamic rheological analysis. Carbohydrate Polymers 56: 27-33. 39. Johnson JA, Valero KA, Wang S, Tang J. 2004. Thermal death kinetics of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). J Econ Entomol. Forthcoming. 40. Joshi NS, Dave RI, Muthukumarappan K. 2004. Modeling rheological characteristics and calcium of Mozzarella cheese. J Food Sci 69(3):97-101. 41. Joshi NS, Jhala RP, Muthukumarappan K, Acharya MR, Mistry VV. 2004. Textural and rheological properties of process cheese. Int J Food Prop 7(3):353-365. 42. Joshi NS, Muthukumarappan K, Dave RI. 2004. Effect of calcium on microstructure and meltability of part skim Mozzarella cheese. J Dairy Sci 87:1975-1985. 43. Joshi NS, Muthukumarappan K, Dave RI. 2004. Viscoelastic properties of part skim Mozzarella cheese: effect of calcium, storage and test temperature. Int J Food Prop 7(2):239-252. 44. Keener KM, Anderson KE, Curtis PA, Tharrington JE. 2004. Determination of cooling rates and carbon dioxide uptake in commercially processed shell eggs using cryogenic carbon dioxide gas. J Poultry Sci 83:89-94. 45. Keener KM, Bashor MP, Curtis PA, Sheldon BW, Kathariou S. 2004. Campylobacter contamination and poultry processing. CRFSFS 3(2):105-116. 46. Keener KM, Bottcher RW, Munilla RE. 2004. Dust and odor emissions from tunnel ventilated swine buildings. Appl Eng Agric 20(3):343-347. 47. Komarov V, Tang J. 2004. Dielectric permittivity and loss factor of tap water at 915 MHz. Microw Opti Technol Let 42(5): 419-420. 48. Kubantseva N, Hartel RW, Swearingen PA. 2004. Factors affecting solubility of calcium lactate in aqueous solutions. J Dairy Sci 87(4):863-867. 49. Lee GH, Kang WS, Hsieh F. 2004. The thin-layer drying characteristics of chicory root slices. Trans. ASAE. Forthcoming. 50. Liang B, Hartel RW. 2004. Effects of Milk Powders in Milk Chocolate. J Dairy Sci 87(1):20-31. 51. 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Measurement of spectral emissivity from infrared sources. J Microwave Power. Accepted. 58. Lonchampt P, Hartel RW. 2004. Comparative Review of Fat Bloom in Chocolate and Compound Coatings. European J Lipid Sci Technol 106:241-274. 59. Losanoff JE, Collier AD, Wagner-Mann CC, Richman BW, Huff HE, Hsieh F, Diaz-Arias A, Jones JW. 2004. Biomechanical comparison of median sternotomy closures. Ann Thorac Surg 77:203-209. 60. Luechapattanaporn K, Wang Y, Wang J, Tang J, Hallberg LM. 2004. Microbial safety in radio frequency processing of packaged foods. J Food Sci 69(7): M201-M206. 61. Mitcham EJ, Veltman RH, Feng X, de Castro E, Johnson JA., Simpson TL, Biasi WV, Wang S, Tang J. 2004. Application of radio frequency treatments to control insects in in-shell walnuts. Postharvest Biol Technol 33(1): 93-101. 62. Morales-Blancas E, Torres JA. 2004. WAMFoodLab. Laboratorio de Métodos Asistidos por Internet para Cálculos de Ingeniería de Procesos de Alimentos. VirtualPro, April 2004. 63. Muse MR, RW Hartel. 2004. Ice Cream Structural Elements That Affect Melting Rate and Hardness. J Dairy Sci 87(1):1-10. 64. Nindo CI, Tang J, Powers JR, Bolland K. 2004. Energy consumption during refractance window evaporation of selected berry juices. Int J Energy Res 28: 1089-1100. 65. Nindo CI, Tang J, Powers JR, Singh P. 2004. Viscosity of blueberry and raspberry juices for processing applications. J Food Eng. Forthcoming. 66. Niskaran G, Mallikarjunan P, Eifert J. 2004. Effect of fat content on dielectric properties of ground beef patties. Transactions of ASAE. Forthcoming. 67. Nitin N, Karwe MV. 2004. Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of conjugate heat transfer between a turbulent hot air jet impinging on a cookie-shaped object. J Food Sci 69(2):FEP59-FEP65. 68. Palazoglu TK, Sandeep KP. 2004. Effect of tube curvature ratio on the residence time distribution of multiple particles in helical tubes. Lebensm Wiss Technol 37: 387-393. 69. 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