WERA_OLD39: Coordination of Sheep and Goat Research and Education Programs for the Western States

(National Research Support Project Summary)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[06/19/2006] [07/31/2007] [07/22/2008] [07/15/2009] [08/07/2010]

Date of Annual Report: 06/19/2006

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/22/2006 - 05/23/2006
Period the Report Covers: 06/01/2005 - 06/01/2006

Participants

Participants Attachment:

Attachment

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

Accomplishments and Impacts For Objective 1: Develop ecologically and economically sound land management practices that use the unique harvesting abilities of sheep and goats for: a) managing and sustaining native plant communities; b) controlling invasive, exotic plant species; and c) improving nutrient cycling and pest management in range and cropping systems. Descriptions of potential impacts and applications were presented addressing the use of sheep as a control of leafy spurge and spotted knapweed in Montana (Montana State University). The impact sheep and goats have on the control of pine encroachment was presented with the potential impact on reclaiming lands that quit producing herbaceous forage since the encroachment of pine (Montana State University). Potential benefits of using Fecal NIRS to monitor spotted knapweed consumption was reported by Montana State University to better estimate animal consumption. Pre-weaning exposure of lambs to slender false brome was reported to have potential for developing lambs into efficient and economic tools for controlling slender false brome (Oregon State University). Though not present at the meetings, a report was submitted describing the impact of sheep and cattle on controlling leafy spurge over 10 years and another was sent reporting on the use of rotational grazing and multi-species grazing as potential control mechanisms of leafy spurge for the past 10 years (North Dakota State University). A special seminar was presented by Texas A&M University and Angelo State University faculty on the benefits of combining fire, sheep, goat, and rotational grazing for controlling invasive woody plant species on western rangelands. For Objective 2: Develop sheep and goat management strategies that enhance the efficiency for production of high quality, marketable end products by: a) improving biological efficiency through better understanding of environmental and genetic events that influence meat and fiber production; b) identifying unique feedstuffs that enhance the nutritional value of meat; c) utilizing state-of-the-art instrumentation both in the field and in the lab to accurately and rapidly measure important characteristics of wool, mohair, and cashmere; and d) develop animal identification systems that ensure the accurate real-time linking of animals to lifetime genetic, performance, health, and origin database. Descriptions of potential benefits of identifying changes in ewe body weight and lamb production over a period of three years were reported (USDA-ARS, Sheep Experiment Station) and a report was given describing the benefits of a web based sheep ration formulation system. The system is accessible to the general public and is expected to assist producers better manage their sheep nutrition (Montana State University). Montana State University also reported on the benefit of using ultrasound measurements in rams to facilitate selection for improved carcass merit of their offspring by understanding the relationship between sire and offspring characteristics. Potential benefits of using hormone treatments post breeding to improve neonatal lamb survival were presented and understanding the time of lamb loss in a range sheep operation is vital to improving sheep production efficiency. (New Mexico State University). Benefits of using various sire breeds to improve lamb production and pounds of lamb weaned in a reduced input sheep production system were reported (Oregon State University). Consumption of toxic plants is a critical concern of sheep producers and the impact of the consumption of potato-weed was presented along with the benefits of better understanding the mechanism the toxin has on pregnancy (Angelo State University). Potential economic benefits of using the OFDA2000 to separate lots of wool by predicting fineness pre-shearing to better capture price premiums was reported (Texas A&M University). For Objective 3: Rapidly and accurately disseminate new information to the producer through: a) development of novel technology transfer platforms; b) hosting field days at research centers; and, c) organizing on-farm demonstration projects. Potential benefits and impacts of combining sheep and goat associations during field days and seminars to more efficiently present information to producers was reported (Utah State University).

Publications

WERA 039 Participant Publications (2004/2006) Montana MANUSCRIPTS IN PEER REVIEW IN PRESS Surber, L., Roeder, B., P. G. Hatfield, and R. W. Kott. Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of spring-born wethers finished on an 80% barley diet either in the fall or spring and slaughtered at seven to eight, or fourteen to fifteen months of age, respectively. Small Rum. Res. Hatfield, P. G., S. L. Blodgett, T. M. Spezzano, H. B. Goosey, A. W. Lenssen, R. W. Kott, and C. B. Marlow. 2006 Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems: I Impact on over-wintering larva populations of Wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cintus Norton, (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). Hatfield, P. G., A. W. Lenssen, T. M. Spezzano, S. L. Blodgett, H. B. Goosey, R. W. Kott, and C. B. Marlow. 2006. Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems: II Impact on changes in biomass and weed frequency. . Small Rum. Res Hatfield, P. G., H. B. Goosey, T. M. Spezzano, S. L. Blodgett, A. W. Lenssen, R. W. Kott, and C. B. Marlow. 2006. Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems: III Impact on changes in soil bulk density and soil nutrient profiles. . Small Rum. Res PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS Goosey, H. B., P. G. Hatfield, A. W. Lenssen, S. L. Blodgett, and R. W. Kott. 2005.The potential role of sheep in dryland grain production systems. Agric., Ecosystems & Envir. 111:349-353. Boles, J. A., R. W. Kott, P. G. Hatfield, J.W. Berman, and C. R. Flynn. 2005. Supplemental safflower oil affects the fatty acid profile, including conjugated linoleic acid, of lamb. J. Anim. Sci. 83: 2175-2181 INVITED PAPERS Hatfield, P.G. 2006. The Montana sheep ration program. Proc. 55th Annual Montana Livestock Forum and Nutrition Conference April 11-12, 2006 Ï GranTree Inn, Bozeman. Track 5, CD proceedings PROCEEDINGS Dafoe, J.M., P. G. Hatfield, R. W. Kott, B. F. Sowell, J. G. Berardinelli, and K. C. Davis. 2006 Effects of supplemental safflower and vitamin e during late gestation on lamb growth, serum metabolites and thermogenesis. Proc. 55th Annual Montana Livestock Forum and Nutrition Conference April 11-12, 2006 Ï GranTree Inn, Bozeman. Track 9, CD proceedings Dafoe, J.M., P. G. Hatfield, R. W. Kott, B. F. Sowell, J. G. Berardinelli, and K. C. Davis. 2006 Effects of supplemental safflower and vitamin e during late gestation on lamb growth, serum metabolites and thermogenesis. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 57: Kelley, A.L., K.C. Davis, P.G. Hatfield, R.W. Kott, and J.M. Rumph. 2006. Genetic parameters for mature weight and lifetime litter weight weaned in Rambouillet and Targhee ewes. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 57: Schauer, C.S., J. Held, J.A. Daniel, J.S. Caton, P.G. Hatfield, R. Stobart, and J.O. Hall.2006. Lamb muscle selenium concentration plateaus following 56 days of selenium supplementation. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 57: Schauer, C. S., J. Held, J. A. Daniel, J. S. Caton, P. G. Hatfield, R. Stobart, L. P. Anderson, and J. O. Hall. 2005. The influence of length of supra-selenium supplementation on selenium status, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 56: 356. RESEARCH AND STATION REPORTS Development of high selenium lamb as a human health food. 2005 C.S. Schauer, J. Held, J. Daniel, J. Caton, P. Hatfield, R. Stobart, L.P. Anderson, J.O. Hall, D.M. Stecher, D. Pearson, and D. Drolc. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 46:6-12. POPULAR PRESS Hatfield, P., H. Goosey, S. Blodgett, and R. Kott. 2005. Montana State University Research update. 2005. Integrating sheep into grain production systems achieves 74% reduction in wheat stem sawfly. Montana Woolgrower Bulletin. Feb. Mar Page 9. Flaherty, C. Environment and grain growers friend: sheep. 2005 MSU new service New Mexico State University Hernandez, L. L., G. S. Bell, T. T. Ross, R. A. Halasheh, A. S. Carman, and C. A. Loest. 2005. Comparative hepatotoxicity of metabolites associated with snakeweed (Gutierrezia spp.). Proc., West. Sec., Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 56:45-47. Hernandez, L. L., G. S. Bell, T. T. Ross. 2005. Comparative hepatotoxicity of plant extracts, pure compounds, and gastrointestinal fluids associated with snakeweed (Gutierrezia spp.). Proc., West. Sec., Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 56:163-166. Redden, R. R., S. H. Cox, T. T. Ross. 2005. Breeding Suffolk rams to western white face ewes on New Mexico rangelands increases weaning weight of lambs. Proc., West. Sec., Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 56:167-169... North Dakota Carpinelli, M.F., C.S. Schauer, D.W. Bohnert, S.P. Hardegree, S.J. Falck, and T.J. Svejcar. 2005. Effect of ruminal incubation on perennial pepperweed germination. Rangeland Ecol. Manage. 58:632-636. Schauer, C.S., D.W. Bohnert, D.C. Ganskopp, C.J. Richards, and S.J. Falck. 2005. Influence of protein supplementation frequency on cows consuming low-quality forage: Performance, grazing behavior, and variation in supplement intake. J. Anim. Sci. 83:1715-1725. C.S. Schauer, J. Held, J.A. Daniel, J.S. Caton, P.G. Hatfield, R. Stobart, L.P. Anderson, and J.O. Hall. 2005. The influence of length of supra-selenium supplementation on selenium status, feedlot performance, and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. J. Anim. Sci. Proc. 56:356-359. K.L. Nelson, K. Sedivec, C.S. Schauer, J. Olson, M. Faulkner, and T. Faller. 2006. Effects of dormant season grazing on herbage production and plant growth. Soc. Range. Manage. 59:263. J. Evoniuk, P. Berg, M. Johnson, C. Stoltenow, C.S. Schauer, K. ORourke, and D. Redmer. 2005. Analysis of associations between genotypes at codon 171 and 136 of the prion protein gene and production traits in a survey of market lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1): #9586. Schauer, C.S., J. Caton, D. Drolc, D. Pearson, D. Stecher, and M. Stamm. 2006. Protein supplementation: Daily, once every 5 days, or once every 10 days. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 47:6-13. Nelson, K.L., K.K. Sedivec, J. Olson, M. Faulkner, T. Faller, and C.S. Schauer. 2006. Effects of dormant season grazing on herbage production and plant growth. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 47:14-25. C.S. Schauer, J. Held, J. Daniel, J. Caton, P. Hatfield, R. Stobart, J.O. Hall, D.M. Stecher, D.Pearson, and D. Drolc. 2006. Lamb muscle selenium concentration plateaus following 56 days of selenium supplementation. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 47:26-33. C.S. Schauer, P.B. Berg, M. Stamm, D.M. Stecher, D. Pearson, and D. Drolc. 2006. Influence of dried distillers grains on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 47:34-37. C.S. Schauer, P.B. Berg, D. Nudell, T.C. Faller, D.M. Stecher, D. Pearson, and D. Drolc. 2006. Influence of Katahdin breeding on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 47:38-42. C.S. Schauer, K.K. Sedivec, T.C. Faller, S. Kronberg, and D.M. Stecher. 2006. Multi-species grazing and single species grazing on leafy spurge infested rangeland. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 47:43-49. C.S. Schauer, K.K. Sedivec, T.C. Faller, D.M. Stecher, and S. Kronberg. 2006. Effect of multi-species grazing on leafy spurge infested rangeland using twice-over rotation and season-long grazing treatments. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 47:50-55. M.M. Stamm, C.S. Schauer, D.M. Stecher, D. Pearson, and D. Drolc. 2006. Southwest Feeders Project: Backgrounding North Dakota Angus Associations steer calves for the 2006 National Angus Carcass Challenge. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 47:78-83. M.M. Stamm, C.S. Schauer, L.M.M. Surber, S.D. Cash, A. Todd, D.M. Stecher, D. Pearson, and D. Drolc. 2006. Preliminary report for Southwest Feeders Project: Profitable calf backgrounding integrating annual forage crops. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 47:84-89. D. Nudell, C.S. Schauer, D. Pearson, D. Drolc, and D. Stecher. 2006. Initial observations on electronic identification of sheep at Hettinger Research and Extension Center. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 47:90-91. Texas Angelo State University Kiker, W.A., M.W. Salisbury, B. Green and G.R. Engdahl. 2005. Effects of protein and energy feeding on ovine oocyte production and developmental capacity. Sheep and Goat Res. J. (Submitted) Salisbury, M. W., T. T. Ross, C. R. Krehbiel, C. L. Schultz, and L. L. Melton. 2004. Effects of protein type on intake, nitrogen balance, and site, and extent of digestion in whiteface wethers consuming low-quality grass hay. J. Anim. Sci. 82:3567-3576. Salisbury, M.W. 2005. Goat Reproduction Management. Proceedings:Gathering of Goat Producers IV. Kiker, W.A., M.W. Salisbury and G.R. Engdahl. 2005. Effects of protein and energy feeding on ovine oocyte production and developmental capacity. J. Anim. Sci. Western Sect. Proc. 56:312-316. Woolley, D.K., B.J. May and M.W. Salisbury. 2005. Effect of protein level on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Texas Rambouillet feeder lambs. J. Anim. Sci. Western Sect. Proc. 56:139-142. Salisbury, M.W., C.J. Lupton, J.M. Self, and G.R. Engdahl. 2005. Effect of the amount of hair at birth on fiber diameter and staple length at weaning in Rambouillet lambs. WERA Annual Meeting: Houston Texas. Kiker, W.A., M.W. Salisbury and G.R. Engdahl. 2005. Effects of protein and energy feeding on ovine oocyte production and developmental capacity. J. Anim. Sci. 83:Supp. 2:. Woolley, D.K., B.J. May and M.W. Salisbury. 2005. Effect of protein level on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Texas Rambouillet feeder lambs. J. Anim. Sci. 83:Supp. 2:. Salisbury, M.W., B.J. May, S.J. Talley, M.A. Carr, and G.R. Engdahl. 2004. Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of feeder lamb implanted and re-implanted with Zeranol implants. Progress Report, Department of Agriculture, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX. R 10:114-122. Kiker, W.A., M.W. Salisbury, B.B. Green, and G.R. Engdahl. 2004. Effects of protein and energy feeding on ovine oocyte production and developmental capacity. Progress Report, Department of Agriculture, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX. R 10:123-131. Woolley, D.K., B.J. May, and M.W. Salisbury. 2004. Effect of protein level on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Texas feeder lambs. Progress Report, Department of Agriculture, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX. R 10:132-139. Dusek, D.C., M.W. Salisbury, C.B. Scott, and F.S. Hartmann. 2004. Effects of bitterweed ingestion on fetal development and reproductive ability in sheep. Progress Report, Department of Agriculture, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX. R 10:47-57. Hart, A.M., M.A. Carr, D.F. Waldron, and M.W. Salisbury. 2004. Using real-time ultrasound to measure lamb carcasses and determine yield. Progress Report, Department of Agriculture, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX. R 10:77-88. Lackey, M.R., G.G. Hilton, M.A. Carr, J.D. Kellermeier, W.R. Hartnett, and M.W. Salisbury. 2004. Progress Report, Department of Agriculture, Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX. R 10:105-113. Salisbury, M.W. 2006. Meat Goat Reproduction Strategies for Profit Minded Producers. Meat Goat Producers Workshop, Four Locations in Missouri Via Web Conferencing. Salisbury, M.W. 2005. Management Practices to Insure Reproductive Efficiency in Sheep. Missouri Livestock Symposium. Kirksville, Missouri. Salisbury, M.W. 2005. Meat Goat Reproduction Strategies for Profit Minded Producers. Missouri Livestock Symposium. Kirksville, Missouri. Salisbury, M.W. 2005. Sheep and Meat Breeding and Reproduction. Missouri Sheep and Meat Goat Training Program. Kirksville, Missouri. Salisbury, M.W. 2005. Goat reproduction management to assure a successful kid crop. The 4th Gathering of Goat Producers. Seguin, Texas. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, San Angelo Lupton, C.J., A. McColl, and R.H. Stobart. 2005. Fiber characteristics of Huacaya alpacas in the United States of America. Small Rumin. Res. (In press). Rodgers, A.D., C.J. Lupton, and S.D. Lukefahr. 2005. Fiber production and properties of rabbits with and without the recessive furless gene. J. Anim. Sci. (In press). Lupton, C.J. and R. Elvestad. 2005. A North American alpaca research project. Where in the world? Alpaca World Mag. Issue 14, Summer:14-17. Lupton, C.J., A. McColl, F.A. Pfeiffer, and R.H. Stobart. 2005. Fiber characteristics of U.S. Huacaya alpacas. J. Anim. Sci. 83(Suppl. 1):173. Walker, J.W., E.S. Campbell, B.S. Engdahl, C.J. Lupton, C.B. Scott, C.A. Taylor, D.F. Waldron, and W.R. Whitworth. 2005. Considerations for using fecal NIRS for predicting botanical composition of diets. Western Extension, Research and Academic Coordinating Committee 039 (WERA 039) Ann. Rep. Houston, TX:18-19. Campbell, E.S., B.S. Engdahl, C.J. Lupton, C.B. Scott, C.A. Taylor, D.F. Waldron, J.W. Walker, and W.R. Whitworth. 2005. The use of fecal NIRS to identify levels of consumption of the toxic shrub juniper in a selective breeding program with goats. WERA 039 Ann. Rep. Houston, TX:20-21. Salisbury, M.W., C.J. Lupton, J.M. Self, and G.R. Engdahl. 2005. Effect of the amount of hair at birth on fiber diameter and staple length at weaning in Rambouillet lambs. WERA 039 Ann. Rep. Houston, TX:37. Lupton, C.J., J.W. Walker, B.S. Engdahl, and F.A. Pfeiffer. 2005. Prediction of greasy wool and mohair characteristics using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). WERA 039 Ann. Rep. Houston, TX:38-39. Campbell, E.S., B.S. Engdahl, C.J. Lupton, C.B. Scott, C.A. Taylor, Jr., D.F. Waldron, J.W. Walker, and W.R. Whitworth. 2005. The use of fecal NIRS to identify levels of consumption of the toxic shrub juniper in a selective breeding program with goats. Proc. 7th. Int. Symp. Poisonous Plants, Logan, UT. June 6-10. Lupton, C.J. 2004. Angora goats: production and management. IN Encyclopedia of Animal Science, Pond, W.G. and A.W. Bell, Eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York:13-15. Lupton, C.J. 2004. Mohair: biology and characteristics. IN Encyclopedia of Animal Science, Pond W.G. and A.W. Bell, Eds. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York: 645-648. Lupton, C.J. 2004. Mohair: production and marketing. IN Encyclopedia of Animal Science, Pond, W.G. and A.W. Bell, Eds. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York: 649-652. Lupton, C.J. 2005. Wool: skirting, classing, and marketing. IN Encyclopedia of Animal Science, Pond, W.G. and A.W. Bell, Eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York. Submitted 7-19-05. In press. Lupton, C.J. and F.A. Pfeiffer. 2004. Application of OFDA2000 technology to wool marketing and other fibers. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rep. Texas Food & Fibers Comm. 28-34. Lupton, C.J., J.W. Walker, B.S. Engdahl, and F.A. Pfeiffer. 2004. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for rapid estimation of commercially important characteristics of raw animal fibers. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rep. Texas Food & Fibers Comm:18-27. Taylor, C.A., E.S. Campbell, C.J. Lupton, D.F. Waldron, and J.W. Walker. 2004. Improving the use of goats to manage juniper. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Ann. Rep. Texas Food & Fibers Comm:8-17. Waldron, D.F. and C.J. Lupton. 2005. Improvement of sheep through selection of performance-tested and progeny-tested breeding animals. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Cen. Tech. Rep. 2005-1. Waldron, D.F. and C.J. Lupton. 2005. Angora goat performance test report. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Cen. Tech. Rep. 2005-3. Lupton, C.J. 2005. 2004 report on OFDA2000 usage in Texas. Ann. Rep. Amer. Sheep Indus. Assoc. 3/1/05. Elvestad, R. and C.J. Lupton. 2005. The effects of age, location, nutrition, and season on body weight, fiber production, and fiber quality characteristics of penned alpaca males. Natural Research Council Canada, Industrial Research Assistance Program. 91 pp.

Impact Statements

Date of Annual Report: 07/31/2007

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 06/04/2007 - 06/06/2007
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2006 - 09/01/2007

Participants

Members of the WERA-039 committee attending the meetings were Chris Lupton (Texas A&M); Chair, Mike Salisbury (Angelo State - TX); Jim Thompson (Oregon State); Howard Meyer (Oregon State); Dick Battaglia, Administrative Advisor (University of Idaho); Bob Stobart (University of Wyoming); Paul Kuber (Ohio State); Pete Burfening (CSREES); Chris Schauer (North Dakota State); Tim Ross (New Mexico State); Jackson Dzakuma (Prairie View A&M TX); Tumen Wujili (University of Nevada-Reno); Pat Hatfield (Montana State); and C. Kim Chapman (Utah State).

Brief Summary of Minutes

See copy of WERA039 Joint Meeting minutes, attached.

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

Summary of Accomplishments Objective 1: Develop ecologically and economically sound land management practices that use the unique harvesting abilities of sheep and goats for: a) managing and sustaining native plant communities; b) controlling invasive, exotic plant species; and c) improving nutrient cycling and pest management in range and cropping sys-tems A Montana State University study demonstrated that grazing sheep on winter or spring wheat stubble and associated summer fallow does not negatively impact soil nitrate-nitrogen, percent gravimetric water, or subsequent crop yield. A Texas study showed that selection for high or low consumption of juniper in Angora goats has not resulted in any substantial differences in mohair production or quality and certainly not any that would have any economic impact for producers. Another study in Texas examining the effect of juniper consumption on reproductive performance in Boer-cross nannies, showed no abortions occurred and no differences were observed in offspring number, vigor scores, or overall weight of kids. An interim report of a Utah study indicates no deleterious effect on commercial white faced ewes relative to body condition and lamb production by strategic grazing of dormant sagebrush areas, and that prescribed sheep grazing may be beneficial to brood-rearing habitat for sage-grouse. Finally, and Oregon State University study indicates that Brachypodium sylvaticum seeds are not likely to retain viability after passing through the sheep digestive system; therefore, the use of sheep as grazing tools to control this invasive weed species is not likely to pose a threat of spreading viable seed. Since the seed has a prominent awn, spread via transport in wool remains a concern so it is recommended that shorn sheep be used for grazing control. Objective 2: Develop sheep and goat management strategies that enhance the efficiency for production of high quality, marketable end products by: a) improving biological effi-ciency through better understanding of environmental and genetic events that influence meat and fiber production; b) identifying unique feedstuffs that enhance the nutritional value of meat; c) utilizing state-of-the-art instrumentation both in the field and in the lab to accurately and rapidly measure important characteristics of wool, mohair, and cash-mere; and d) develop animal identification systems that ensure the accurate real-time linking of animals to lifetime genetic, performance, health, and origin databases. A Montana study showed that lambs from ewes supplemented with only safflower seeds and no additional Vitamin E, were born with an apparent decrease in basal metabolic rate. This may compromise the newborn lambs ability to adapt to extreme environmental conditions. A texas goat selection study showed that progress can be made by selecting goats, for both high and low tolerance to Haemonchus contortus, by selecting from those that are artificially challenged and then maintained on pasture. Another Texas study examined different methods of objectively measuring the luster of mohair produced by Angora goats. A study conducted at the U.S. Sheep Experiment Station demonstrated that Se-enrichment of fetal muscle, via in utero transfer of selenomethionine from the diet, results in lambs exhibiting enhanced long-term Se status to at least 159 d of age. Another Selenium study conducted in North Dakota suggests that animals may prove to be an excellent filter for preventing Se toxicity in humans who are consuming diets with supranutritional levels of Se for the prevention of cancer. Because of the plateau in muscle Se concentration, humans may be prevented from consuming toxic levels of Se if red meat is the source of supra-Se in their diet. Two Texas studies examined the relationship between the thyroid gland and shedding of E. coli o157:H7 by sheep. Another study conducted at Texas A & M University showed similar growth rate responses between lambs consuming Bio-Mos and the control group. Objective 3: Rapidly and accurately disseminate new information to the producer through: a) development of novel technology transfer platforms; b) hosting field days at research centers; and, c) organizing on-farm demonstration projects. The Montana Sheep Ration program which is available at www.msusheepration.montana.edu provides sheep producers with a way to balance and save rations for sheep at various lifecycle stages, find answers to nutritional questions and do a variety of other nutritional queries over the world wide web. The impact of the 2007 Utah Sheep and Goat Education Day indicated that over 180 producers received information on a variety of sheep/goat topics. Eighty percent indicated the information they received would benefit them economically.

Publications

Participant Publications (2006-2007) Montana PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL and BOOK PUBLICATIONS Hatfield, P. G., S. L. Blodgett, T. M. Spezzano, H. B. Goosey, A. W. Lenssen, R. W. Kott, and C. B. Marlow. 2007 Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems: I Impact on over-wintering larva populations of Wheat stem sawfly, Cephus cintus Norton, (Hymenoptera: Cephidae). Small Rum. Res. 67:209-215. Hatfield, P. G., A. W. Lenssen, T. M. Spezzano, S. L. Blodgett, H. B. Goosey, R. W. Kott, and C. B. Marlow. 2007. Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems: II Impact on changes in biomass and weed frequency. . Small Rum. Res. 67:216-221. Hatfield, P. G., H. B. Goosey, T. M. Spezzano, S. L. Blodgett, A. W. Lenssen, R. W. Kott, and C. B. Marlow. 2007. Incorporating sheep into dryland grain production systems: III Impact on changes in soil bulk density and soil nutrient profiles. . Small Rum. Res. 67:222-231. Hatfield, P. G., H. Goosey, A. Lenssen, and S. Blodgett. 2006. Incorporating Target Grazing into Farming Systems. Chpt 14. IN: TARGETED GRAZING. A natural approach to vegetation management and landscape enhancement. pp 129-140. Copyright 2006 American Sheep Industry Association Suber, L., Roeder, B., P. G. Hatfield, and R. W. Kott. 2006. Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of spring-born wethers finished on an 80% barley diet either in the fall or spring and slaughtered at seven to eight, or fourteen to fifteen months of age, respectively. Small Rum. Res. 66:102-107 BOOK CHAPTERS Hatfield, P. G., H. Goosey, A. Lenssen, and S. Blodgett. 2006. INcroporating Target Graing into Farming Systems. Chpt 14. IN: TARGETED GRAZING. A natural approach to vegetation manatgment and landscape enhancement. pp 129-140. Copyright 2006 American Sheep Industry Association INVITED PAPERS Hatfield, P.G. 2006. The Montana sheep ration program. Proc. 55th Annual Montana Livestock Forum and Nutrition Conference April 11-12, 2006 Ï GranTree Inn, Bozeman. Track 5, CD proceedings PROCEEDINGS Dafoe, J.M., P. G. Hatfield, R. W. Kott, B. F. Sowell, J. G. Berardinelli, and K. C. Davis. 2006 Effects of supplemental safflower and vitamin e during late gestation on lamb growth, serum metabolites and thermogenesis. Proc. 55th Annual Montana Livestock Forum and Nutrition Conference April 11-12, 2006 Ï GranTree Inn, Bozeman. Track 9, CD proceedings Dafoe, J.M., P. G. Hatfield, R. W. Kott, B. F. Sowell, J. G. Berardinelli, and K. C. Davis. 2006 Effects of supplemental safflower and vitamin e during late gestation on lamb growth, serum metabolites and thermogenesis. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 57: Kelley, A.L., K.C. Davis, P.G. Hatfield, R.W. Kott, and J.M. Rumph. 2006. Genetic parameters for mature weight and lifetime litter weight weaned in Rambouillet and Targhee ewes. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 57: Schauer, C.S., J. Held, J.A. Daniel, J.S. Caton, P.G. Hatfield, R. Stobart, and J.O. Hall. 2006. Lamb muscle selenium concentration plateaus following 56 days of selenium supplementation. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 57: POPULAR PRESS King, Tim, Sheep save soil moisture while ridding bugs. Can they make flockmaster a profit doing it? Sheep! Magazine 2006 New Mexico Redden, R. R., S. H. Cox, M. R. Rubio, and T. T. Ross. 2006. An evaluation of western whiteface lamb loss on the range. Proc., West. Sec., Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 57: 137-138 Redden, R.R., B.J. Herron, C.H. Martinez, and T.T. Ross. 2006. Effects of hCG and progesterone administered to ewes post breeding on serum concentration of progesterone and estradiol. Proc., West. Sec., Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 57:32-34 North Dakota C.S. Schauer, K.K. Sedivec, M. Vlaminck. 2007. Effects of multi- and single-species grazing on leafy spurge infested rangeland: A 10 year summary. Soc. Range. Manage. 60:383. E. Windorski, C.S. Schauer, D. Pearson, A. Wurst, K. Inskeep, and J. Luther. 2007. Effects of melengestrol acetate and PG600 on fertility in Rambouillet ewes outside the normal breeding season. Western Dakota Sheep & Beef Day. 48:30-34. C.S. Schauer, M.M. Stamm, D.W. Bohnert, and J.S. Caton. 2006. Protein supplementation of low-quality forage: Influence of frequency of supplementation on ruminant performance and nutrient utilization. J. Anim. Sci. Proc. 57:335-338. C.S. Schauer, J. Held, J.A. Daniel, J.S. Caton, P.G. Hatfield, R. Stobart, and J.O. Hall. 2006. Lamb muscle selenium concentration plateaus following 56 days of selenium supplementation. J. Anim. Sci. Proc. 57:339-342. Oregon Bohnert, D.W., C.S. Schauer, M.F. Carpinelli, and S.J. Falck. 2006. A nutritional calendar for Forage Kochia. Research Progress Report 2005: Eastern Oregon agricultural Research Center. SR 1057:52-53. Bohnert, D.W., T.A. Currier, C.S. Schauer, and S.J. Falck. 2006. Daily and alternate-day supplementation of natural protein and non-protein nitrogen to ruminants consuming low-quality forage. Research Progress Report 2005: Eastern Oregon agricultural Research Center. SR 1057:55-56. Texas Angelo State University Kiker W.A., M.W. Salisbury, B. Green and G.R. Engdahl. 2007. Effects of protein and energy feeding on ovine oocyte production and developmental capacity. Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resource. (Accepted) Sluiter, R.S., B.J. May, M.W. Salisbury, C.B. Scott, G.R. Engdahl and B.F. Craddock. 2007. Feedlot Performance and Carcass Traits of Texas Rambouillet Feeder Lambs Implanted with Growth Implants. Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources. (Accepted) Woolley, D.K., B.J. May and M.W. Salisbury. 2007. Effect of protein level on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Texas Rambouillet feeder lambs. Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resource. (Accepted) Cook. R.W., C.B. Scott, and F.S. Hartmann. 2006. Using short-term goat consumption to reducethe number of mesquite seeds does not induce toxicity. Range. Ecol. Manage. (accepted). Dunson, W.T, C.B. Scott, E.S. Campbell, C.A. Taylor, Jr., M.A. Carr, and T.R. Callaway. 2006. Rumen function and the ability of goats to consume redberry juniper (Juniperus pinchottii). (in press) Ch. ? Poisonous Plant Symposium, Logan, Utah. Kellermeier, J. D., G. G. Hilton, M. A. Carr, and B. J. May. 2006. Development and consumer acceptance of pre-cooked lamb leg roasts. Sheep & Goat Res. J. 21:24-29. Knutson, H.J., M.A. Carr, L.A. Branham, C.B. Scott, and T.R. Callaway. 2006. Effects of activated charcoal on binding E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium in sheep. Small Rumin. Res. 65:101-105. Presentations Salisbury, M.W. 2006. Meat Goat Production Strategies for Profit Minded Producers. Missouri Goat Producers Symposium. Web-Cast to Four Locations Salisbury, M.W., J.R. Copeland, D.F. Waldron, F.Craddock. 2006. Dorper vs. Rambouillet-Parasite Resistance. 33rd Annual Sheep and Goat Field Day. San Angelo, Texas. Sato, N.E.A., M.W. Salisbury, C.B. Scott, C.J. Owens, and G.R. Engdahl. 2006. Potato weed (Solanum dimidiatum) ingestion does not cause embryonic loss or affect neonatal lamb survival. Abstr. Soc. Range Manage. Self, J.M., M.W. Salisbury, B.J. May, G.E. Engdahl, C.B. Scott and R. Horst. 2006. Vitamin D Supplementation in Fall Born Rambouillet Lambs Raised on Small Grain Pastures. J. Anim. Sci. 84:Supp. 2. Prairie View A & M University Dzakuma, J.M., E.A. Wilson, N.C. Beckford, B.M. Johnson, L.C. Nuti and T.M. Craig. 2006. Selection for resistance in goats using artificial nematode challenge. 8th World Cong. Genet. Appl. Livest. August 13-18, 2006. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. pp 4-16. Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, San Angelo Lupton, C.J., A. McColl, and R.H. Stobart. 2006. Fiber characteristics of the Huacaya alpaca. Small Rumin. Res. 64,3:211-224. Rodgers, A.D., C.J. Lupton, and S.D. Lukefahr. 2006. Fiber production and properties in genetically furred and furless rabbits. J. Anim. Sci. 84:2566-2574. Walker, J.W., E.S. Campbell, C.J. Lupton, C.A. Taylor, Jr., D.F. Waldron, and S.Y. Landau. 2007. Effects of breed, sex, and age on the variation and ability of fecal near-infrared reflectance spectra to predict the composition of goat diets. J. Anim. Sci. 85:518-526. Lupton, C.J., J.E. Huston, B.F.Craddock, F.A. Pfeiffer, and W.L. Polk. 2007. Evaluation of a new system for concurrent production of lean lamb and high quality wool. Small Rumin. Res. In press. Lupton, C.J., J.E. Huston, J.W. Hruska, B.F.Craddock, F.A. Pfeiffer, and W.L. Polk. 2007. Evaluation of an innovative system for producing high quality mohair and meat from Angora male kids. Small Rumin. Res. In press. Campbell, E.S., C.A. Taylor, Jr., J.W. Walker, C.J. Lupton, , D.F. Waldron, and S.Y. Landau. 2007. Effects of protein supplementation on juniper intake by goats. J. Range Manage. Submitted. Lupton, C.J. 2006. Wool: skirting, classing, and marketing. IN Encyclopedia of Animal Science, Pond, W.G. and A.W. Bell, Eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York. Published 3-27-06. 4pp. Lupton, C.J. and F.A. Pfeiffer. 2006. Predicting fineness of instrument-classed wool lines using an Optical-based Fibre Diameter Analyser (OFDA2000). J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl 1):56-57. Lupton, C.J., R.P. Elvestad, F.A. Pfeiffer, and K. MacKinnon. 2006. Effects of age, location, and nutrition on body weight, fiber production, and fiber quality characteristics of penned alpaca males. J. Anim. Sci. 84 (Suppl. 1):58. Pfeiffer, F.A., E.S. Campbell, B.S. Engdahl, T.D. Lovett, C.J. Lupton, C.A. Taylor, D.F. Waldron, and J.W. Walker. 2007. Effects of selection for increased juniper consumption on body weight and mohair production of Angora goats. J. Anim. Sci. 85 (Suppl. 1): In press. Wyoming Refereed Manuscripts Cameron, B.A., Stobart, R.H. 2006. The color of scoured and carded wools: a comparison of U.S., Australian and New Zealand wools. SID Sheep and Goat Research Journal. 21:17-23. Lupton, C.J. , A. McColl, and R.H. Stobart 2006. Fiber characteristics of the Huacaya Alpaca Small Ruminant Research Cameron, B.A., and Stobart, R.H. 2006. Yellowing propensity of Rambouillet sheep Sheep and Goat Research Journal (submitted) Annual Reports P.H. Purdy, R. H. Stobart, W. J. Murdoch, G.E. Moss, H. D. Blackburn. 2006. The fertility of ram sperm held for 24 hours at 5 C prior to cryopreservation. Department of Animal Science Annual Report. B.A. Larson, R.H. Stobart, G.E. Moss 2006. UW Sheep Program. Department of Animal Science Annual Report B.M. Alexander, R.H. Stobart, G.E. Moss 2006. Scrapie resistance and ram performance: Rambouillet Ram Test 2002-2006. Department of Animal Science Annual Report R.H. Stobart, B. Larsen, L. McCormick. 2006. Ram Tests: Genetic Potential in Purebred Rams. Department of Animal Science Annual Report. R. H. Stobart, B. Larsen, B. Reece, S. Snider. 2006. Ram Tests: Evaluating Genetic Potential in Meat Breeds of Sheep. Department of Animal Science Annual Report. USDA/ARS U.S. Sheep Experiment Station Barraza, M. L. , J. R. Strickland, H. Zepeda, J. B. Taylor, C. R. Krehbiel, G. S. Bell, and J. L. Klotz. 2006. Gross and histopathological observations of long-term catheterized vessels in experimental sheep. J. Vet. Med. 53:230-238. Leytem, A. B., J. B. Taylor, V. Raboy, and P. W. Plumstead. 2006. Dietary low-phytate mutant-M 955 barley grain alters phytate degradation and mineral digestion in sheep fed high-grain diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Tech. http://dx.doi.org/, doi: 10.1016/ j.anifeedsci.2006.11.005. Lewis, G. S. and M. C. Wulster-Radcliffe. 2006. Prostaglandin F2a up regulates uterine immune defenses in the presence of the immunosuppressive steroid progesterone. Am. J. Reprod. Immunol. 56:102-111. Seefeldt, S.S., J. B. Taylor, and S. Van Vleet. 2006. Reducing Euphorbia esula with a combination of sheep grazing and imazapic. J. Arid Environ. 69:432-440. Sheldon I. M., G. S. Lewis, S. Leblanc, and R. O. Gilbert. 2006. Defining postpartum uterine disease in cattle. Theriogenology 65:1516-1530. Stellflug, J.N. 2006. Comparison of cortisol, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone responses to a defined stressor in sexually inactive rams and sexually active female-oriented and male-oriented rams. J. Anim. Sci. 84:1520-1525. Stellflug, J. N., N. E. Cockett, and G. S. Lewis. 2006. Relationship between sexual behavior classifications of rams and lambs sired in a competitive breeding environment. J. Anim. Sci. 84:463-468.

Impact Statements

Angelo State University: Impact- Land owners can use goats as an effective biological control for small encroaching Juniper plants without adversely affecting reproduction in pregnant does. Therefore, landowners should be able to maintain stocking rates and production levels by controlling the invasion of Juniper on native rangelands.
Montana State University: Impact- This study demonstrates that grazing sheep on winter or spring wheat stubble and associated summer fallow does not negatively impact soil nitrate-nitrogen, percent gravimetric water, or subsequent crop yield. With the rising cost of fossil fuels and herbicides needed for traditional summer fallow, sheep, as a summer fallow biological control method, may be an economically viable alternative to traditional energy intensive systems.
New Mexico State: Impact- Research at the NMSU Corona Range and Livestock Research Center has indicated that range ewes ovulate 1.75 ova per estrous cycle, give birth to 1.34 lambs and wean 1.14 lambs per ewe. We can increase profitability of the sheep operation by decreasing reproductive wastage or increase the weight of the lambs weaned and sold. Current research with progesterone therapy has not decreased embryonic mortality. However, our crossbreeding (Suffolk X western white face) has increased lamb weaning weight by 10 % above the straightbred western white face lambs.
North Dakota State University: Impact- Successful feeding strategies have been developed for increasing the selenium concentration of lamb muscle cuts. This selenium-fortified muscle, when consumed by humans, may result in a reduction in human cancer rates when the muscle is consumed at a rate of 0.25 pounds per day.
Texas A&M University: Impact- Using goats to control encroaching juniper include potential savings of $85-100/hour and $30-70/hectare compared to mechanical and chemical treatments, respectively. Control of juniper species is desirable on millions of hectares of western rangelands. Control of juniper will be attained without herbicides using a system that produces fiber and meat while improving the range environment. Reduction of encroaching cedar species will not only result in more productive rangelands but also in a healthier environment for the countless humans that suffer with juniper allergies.
Utah State University: Impact- Initial data indicates that sheep grazing may be effective in opening shrub canopy to increase competitiveness of understory plants such as grasses and shrubs, without reducing the reproductive performance of the sheep flock. If further study shows an increase in brood-rearing capability of sage grouse due to improved habitat, this management strategy could be another tool for land and wildlife managers to use to reduce the possibility of the sage grouse being listed on the Endangered Species list.
Utah State University: Impact- In the five-year genesis of the Utah Sheep and Goat Education Days, they have become the states largest attended Extension educational event dealing with livestock. Significant learning has taken place on a variety of management topics. These annual events have also developed into a venue where significant networking takes place. Eighty percent of attendees at the 2007 event indicated that the information they received would benefit them economically.
Montana State University: Impact- This free online ration program, that can be used by anyone with access to the internet, will allow sheep producers to match available feeds and forages to sheep nutritional needs.

Date of Annual Report: 07/22/2008

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/31/2008 - 06/03/2008
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2007 - 09/01/2008

Participants

Members of the WERA-039 committee attending the business meeting were Chair C. Kim Chapman (Utah State). Chris Lupton (Texas A&M), Mike Salisbury (Angelo State - TX), Brian May (Angelo State - TX), Jim Thompson (Oregon State), Administrative Advisor - Dick Battaglia (Idaho), Brett Taylor (US Sheep Exp Station ID), Bob Stobart (Wyoming), Chris Schauer (North Dakota State), Jackson Dzakuma (Prairie View A&M TX), Tumen Wuliji (Nevada-Reno), Pat Hatfield (Montana State), and Andres Cibils (New Mexico).

Members of the WERA-039 committee attending the Yellowstone Range field trip presentations were Chair C. Kim Chapman (Utah State). Chris Lupton (Texas A&M), Travis Whitney (Texas A&M), Mike Salisbury (Angelo State - TX), Brian May (Angelo State - TX), Jim Thompson (Oregon State), Dick Battaglia (Idaho), Brett Taylor (US Sheep Exp Station ID), Bob Stobart (Wyoming), Chris Schauer (North Dakota State), Jackson Dzakuma (Prairie View A&M TX), Tumen Wuliji (Nevada-Reno), Pat Hatfield (Montana State), Rodney Kott (Montana State) and Andres Cibils (New Mexico).

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

ACCOMPLISHMENTS: OBJECTIVE 1 A study by Montana State University found that NIRS technology would be extremely useful in fine tuning grazing prescriptions (desired type or class of animal--yearling vs. mature ewes, experienced vs. naive sheep or sheep vs. goats), time of use (season or stage of growth of target plant of use), climatic conditions best suited to target plants use (temperature) as well of identifying individuals which may prefer the target plant to a greater extent. A Texas study looking at Juniper leaves found that Juniper leaves are an abundant resource and if they and/or their terpene oils can reduce viability of H. contortus larvae, then producers have a natural product that may not kill the larvae, but may increase effectiveness of synthetic anthelmintics and possibly reduce anthelmintic resistance. Juniper is an abundant, medium quality (CP approximately 7%) resource that can possibly be used as a roughage source in mixed growing rations for lambs. As transportation and feed costs increase, and as we evaluate various juniper harvesting and grinding techniques, using juniper may become a viable feed. Also, if the "value" of juniper increases, then we will have another natural resource management tool. Distiller's dried grains are becoming a more abundant source of feed, which are high in both energy and protein. In addition, the by-pass protein in DDG is believed to be a factor in increasing juniper consumption. We will be evaluating how DDG effect digestibility of juniper leaves this winter. An innovative study by Utah evaluated the effect of grazing sheep on sage-grouse brood rearing grounds. Preliminary data indicates no deleterious effect on commercial white faced ewes relative to body condition and lamb production by strategic grazing of dormant sagebrush areas. It also indicates prescribed sheep grazing may be beneficial to brood-rearing habitat for sage-grouse. More substantial application recommendations will be forthcoming following the conclusion of the study in 2009. ACCOMPLISHMENTS: OBJECTIVE 2 An Angelo State study found that it is not beneficial to supplement Kelp seaweed extract to rams as a method to prevent heat related infertility in Rambouillet and Suffolk Rams. A study by Montana State showed that the OFDA 2000 has proved to be a useful and dependable machine that is highly portable and stands up to conditions in Montana. The machine with proper operators is fully capable of keeping pace with a high volume shearing crew. Combining future research and the Australian Virtual Classer program, the Montana Wool Lab should be able to perfect how much wool can be put into different lines and what the cut-off for each line should be adding value to Montanas wool clip. Another Montana study evaluated the effects on lamb immune function through supplementation of Vit E, chelated Zn or chlortetracyclcine at two levels during late gestation. Although the HIGH supplement improved lamb weaning weights, measures of lamb immune function didnt provide a clear understanding of the interactions that occurred. A study to evaluate backgrounding of feeder lambs in Montana found that backgrounding may add value to ewe/lamb production systems and provide alternative marketing strategies and times. A Montana study evaluated using an index to select yearling Targhee ewes found that the Western Range Index provides numerous benchmarking and time saving options to sheep producers. The index can be used to rank ewes and rams for bucking groups, quickly identify superior sires at ram sales, and track genetic progress in the flock. Using the index, one can rapidly sort genetically superior sheep and spend more time on wool quality and other phenotypic traits. Using ultrasound to establish a recommended protocol for adjusting ram ultrasound loineye estimates in Montana showed that in the Targhee rams across the state under different management scenarios, it appears the appropriate scanning weight should be between 180 and 200 lbs with the outside limits being 170 to 210 lbs. Additionally, the 190 lbs target in the linear adjustment turns out to be the same target for the power adjustment. A study from New Mexico found that targeted grazing at high stocking densities with goats and sheep can increase juniper use. Low density grazing appears to encourage selective grazing which results in more intensive use of herbaceous understory. Overall, stocking density and mixed grazing are two promising techniques to manipulate juniper and herbaceous plant utilization in targeted grazing of invasive woody plant species. North Dakota evaluated dried distillers grains on the effect of gain and carcass characteristics and showed that with the expansion of the ethanol industry in the U.S. may result in an increase in the availability of dried distillers grains for cattle and sheep feeders. Maximizing the use of dried distillers grains may become economically feasible for lamb feeders when prices become favorable, especially in relation to the current grain prices. When appropriately priced relative to corn and barley, dried distillers grains with supplemental thiamin can effectively replace up to 60% of a lamb finishing ration with no negative effects on feedlot performance or carcass traits. A parasite study at Prairie View A&M with goats indicated that it has been estimated that Texas goat producers spend $6 million on anthelmintics to treat 1.2 million goats in Texas (TX Agricultural Statistics, 2005). In 2004, 25,000 deaths were reported in sheep and goats in Texas due to gastrointestinal nematodes (Dr. Tom Craig, personal communication). Each year, during IGRCs Annual Goat Field Day, workshops that are offered on Parasites and their control are always filled to capacity. This is an indication that producers in East Texas will welcome research solutions that would alleviate the high cost of money spent on treatment for parasites. A Texas A&M study compared the two OFDAs versus the standard method of determining average fiber diameter and variability in fleeces. They found the faster methods were not capable of accurately estimating AFD or CV of whole fleeces compared with the standard method. Estimates of AFD were more accurate and precise than those of CV. In the absence of standard whole fleece measurements, OFDA100 and OFDA2000 would provide useful guidance for selection purposes. University of Nevada Reno reported that the Rafter 7 Ranch wool clips have been improving significantly for fleece weight, fineness, yield, length and sale prices since the implementation of Performance Index for selection of rams and replacement ewes. It was also noted that the Rafter 7 Ranch regular clients flocks also showed an improvement of their clip quality and flock performance. The application of OFDA measurement program and Performance Index selection have improved the profitability of the sheep ranch operations by identifying elite breeding animals and selling higher premium priced wool clips. A report from the University of Wyoming reported that approximately 23% of domestic rams are unsatisfactory breeders resulting in an annual loss of $13.5 million to U.S. producers. The identification and removal of sexually inactive rams from production flocks would decrease overall ram costs while increasing genetic progress, profitability, and, therefore, sustainability of sheep production. The US Sheep Experiment Station reported a study whereby they utilized subsets of the data generated by an OFDA2000 may be useful to assess historical nutritional status of production ewes, and thus provide valuable information about nutrient availability and supply of a given range or pasture. ACCOMPLISHMENTS: OBJECTIVE 3 Utah State reported on the success of the 2008 Utah Sheep and Goat Education Day. More than 185 sheep and goat producers from seven states attended. Well over 50% indicated that they gained considerable new information from the 10 topics covered by the program.

Publications

PLEASE, SEE ATTACHMENT. WERA 039 MEMBER PUBLICATIONS-08.

Publications Attachment:

Attachment

Impact Statements

In Texas alone, there are currently over 245,000 market lambs and over 1 million goats. If the technology is developed to efficiently harvest juniper leaves (and possibly stems) from trees, then this abundant resource will can and probably will be utilized; supplying livestock producers with "cheap" feed that will increase animal health and reduce juniper encroachment. If 250,000 sheep and goats are fed a growing ration for 90 days, containing only 10% juniper leaves, then over 9,000,000 lbs. of juniper could be consumed per year; in TX alone. This amount is not counting juniper that can be used in supplemental feeds.
The combination of distillers dried grains (DDG) and cottonseed meal (CSM) increases juniper consumption by goats, compared to other supplements. Thus, this is another tool that can be used to get goats to maintain maximum consumption (around 30% total intake) while grazing. In addition to consuming more juniper, goats will potentially consume less desirable browse and forb species.
The OFDA2000 instrument makes the measurement of fleece fineness more affordable for the 69,000 sheep producers in the U.S. particularly since the measurements are currently subsidized by ASI (for wool growers). The technology can also be applied to other animal fibers with instrument calibrations being available for mohair, cashmere, and alpaca at this time.
Producers who use ribeye measurement have seen increase sales __ _______ MSU is contributing to the knowledge base regarding ultrasound ribeye measurements___ Data collected is contributing to a standardized protocol for adjusting ribeye measurements
Currently, dried distillers grain is 5-10% cheaper than corn on an energy basis. Maximizing the use of DDG will decrease ration costs when corn is removed from the ration and replaced with DDG at levels up to 60% of the ration. Additionally, the higher crude protein concentration of DDG relative to corn will allow for the removal of expensive protein sources in the ration, further decreasing ration costs.
A study conducted by University of Nevada on Rafter 7 Ranch has indicated that wool sheep selection on a Performance Index, which included OFDA measurements improved sheep selection efficiency, breeding value estimate and wool clip profits.
Nearly 1,400 sheep and goat producers from nine states have received production-oriented education to increase their husbandry skills and improve the economic and environmental viability of their respective operations. 88% of workshop participants in 2008 indicated the information gained from the event would benefit them economically. _90% of workshop participants in 2008 ranked the relevance of topics presented as excellent or good. 60% of workshop participants indicated they received considerable new information from the ten workshop segments presented. The Utah Sheep and Goat Education Days have not only become important venues for the dissemination of timely, research-based husbandry information, but have also provided a setting for small flock producers to network and exchange ideas amongst themselves._______________________________________________________

Date of Annual Report: 07/15/2009

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 05/31/2009 - 06/02/2009
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2008 - 09/01/2009

Participants

Members of the WERA-039 Committee attending the business meeting were: Chair Bob Stobart (University of Wyoming), Julie Walker (South Dakota State University), Christopher Schauer (North Dakota State University), Christopher Lupton (Texas A&M University), Tim Ross (New Mexico State University), Mike Salisbury (Angelo State University), Richard Battaglia (University of Idaho), Tumen Wuliji (University of Nevada-Reno), and Jim Thompson (Oregon State University).

Access the following url for a complete list of members and complete contact information.

http://lgu.umd.edu/lgu_v2/pages/part/viewpart.cfm

Brief Summary of Minutes

PLEASE SEE "MINUTES OF THE 2009 MEETING.DOC" , ATTACHED.

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

Summary of Accomplishments Objective 1: Develop ecologically and economically sound land management practices that use the unique harvesting abilities of sheep and goats for: a) managing and sustaining native plant communities; b) controlling invasive, exotic plant species; and c) improving nutrient cycling and pest management in range and cropping systems. A Montana State University study demonstrated that grazing sheep on winter and spring wheat stubble, and associated summer fallow, did not affect grain yield after 4 years when compared to chemical and mechanical summer fallow systems. A Texas study reported that ground redberry juniper leaves can effectively be used as a roughage source, replacing all of the cottonseed hulls in lamb feedlot rations containing 85% concentrate. Objective 2: Develop sheep and goat management strategies that enhance the efficiency for production of high quality, marketable end products by: a) improving biological efficiency through better understanding of environmental and genetic events that influence meat and fiber production; b) identifying unique feedstuffs that enhance the nutritional value of meat; c) utilizing state-of-the-art instrumentation both in the field and in the lab to accurately and rapidly measure important characteristics of wool, mohair, and cash-mere; and d) develop animal identification systems that ensure the accurate real-time linking of animals to lifetime genetic, performance, health, and origin databases. A Texas study evaluated the crossbreeding of Texas Rambouillet ewes to Australian Merino rams to produce an F1 cross. As yearlings, the F1 cross produced the same amount of wool as their Rambouillet contemporaries. However, the F1 cross wool was finer, and in a range that had a significant effect on value. Additional research in Texas indicates that there was no difference in fertility and libido of Rambouillet, Suffolk, and hair-breed rams throughout the calendar year, suggesting that in Texas, out-of-season breeding programs should target the ewe, not the ram, for increasing breeding success. Another Texas study reported that scoring the guard hair length on newborn Rambouillet lambs appears to be an effective tool for selecting lamb that will have a longer staple length. Research at New Mexico State University indicated that progesterone deficiencies or tissue insensitivities to progesterone may contribute to pregnancy failures in ewes. A North Dakota State University trial indicated that lambs fed diets averaging 0.7% sulfur (through dried distillers grains plus solubles) did not develop polioencephalomalacia and maintained adequate performance, even when given no supplemental thiamin. This trial demonstrates that feeding elevated levels of distillers dried grains with solubles is possible in lamb finishing diets. The University of Wyoming integrated the GrowSafe Model 6000 individual feed intake monitoring system into the Whiteface Ram test. The GrowSafe Model 6000 has the technology to identify animals which are efficient convertors of feed to protein. Since feed efficiency is a trait that is moderate to highly heritable, identification of efficient rams could be used to improve genetic improvement which would lead to greater profitability of sheep production. The University of Nevada- Reno and the Edwin L. Wiegand Trust (Rafter 7 Ranch) continue to disseminate introduced Merino genetics into the western range sheep flocks. This is expected to improve wool quality and clip profits, and is also expected to strengthen a long-term competitive advantage for the western states wool sheep enterprises. Objective 3: Rapidly and accurately disseminate new information to the producer through: a) development of novel technology transfer platforms; b) hosting field days at research centers; and, c) organizing on-farm demonstration projects. The impact statement of the 2009 Utah Sheep and Goat Education Day indicated that over 200 producers received information on a variety of sheep/goat topics. Eighty six percent indicated the information they received would benefit them economically. The University of Nevada at Reno experimental results indicate that BioClip® is an effective technique to induce a simultaneous and complete fleece shedding in Merino or derived US wool sheep strains. Therefore, if BioClip® reagent can be licensed and made available, the system may serve as an alternative wool harvesting protocol to the traditional shearing for wool sheep enterprise. Research and Extension staff from the Universities of Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Kansas, Wyoming, and the USDA-ARS presented new management information to over 150 small ruminant producers at the inaugural Mountain-Plains Sheep & Goat Conference in Greeley, CO. Both sheep and goat producers responded that they had an increase in knowledge and expertise through attending the program. The Mountain-Plains Sheep & Goat Conference provided a new venue for small ruminant scientists, industry, and producers to exchange novel information regarding the management of small ruminants.

Publications

Montana PEER REVIEWED Dafoe, J. M., R. W. Kott, B. F. Sowell, J. G. Berardinelli, K. C. Davis and P. G. Hatfield. 2008. Effects of supplemental safflower and vitamin E during late gestation on lamb growth, serum metabolites, and thermogenesis J Anim Sci 2008 86: 3194-3202 PROCEEDINGS Redden, R.R., R. W. Kott, L.M.M. Surber, J. A. Boles, A. W. Layton, and P. G. Hatfield. 2008. Feedlot performance of lambs from different backgrounding systems. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 59: 95-98. Redden, R. R., R. W. Kott, J. A. Boles, A. W. Layton, and P. G. Hatfield. 2008. Effects of Vit E, Zinc, By-pass protein, and Chlortetracycline to ewes of different age and body condition on lamb production and immune function. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 59: 336-338. Redden, R. R., R. W. Kott, L.M.M. Surber, J. A. Boles, A. W. Layton, and P. G. Hatfield. 2008. Feedlot performance of lambs from different backgrounding systems. Montana State Univ. Rum. Nutr. Conf. New Mexico Meza-Herra, C.A., T.T. Ross, D.M. Hallford, D.E. Hawkins and A. Gonzalez-Bulnes. 2009. High periconception protein intake modifies uterine and embryonic relationships increasing early pregnancy losses and embro growth retardation in sheep. Reproduction of Domestic Animals. (Online) Hill, L. J., T. T. Ross, R. F. Taylor, R. A. Halalsheh, and D. T. Yates. 2008. Histological examinations of major organs from sprague-dawley female rats fed ruminaly digested snakeweed and undigested snakeweed. Proceedings, Western Sec, American Society of Anim. Sci. 59: 269-272. Yates, D. T., T. T. Ross, D. M. Hallford, L. J. Hill, and R. L. Wesley. 2008. Comparison of salivary and serum cortisol concentration in response to ACTH challenge in sheep. Proceedings, Western Sec, American Society of Anim. Sci. 59: 261-264. North Dakota PEER REVIEWED Schauer, C.S., M.M. Stamm, T.D. Maddock, and P.B. Berg. 2008. Feeding 60% of lamb finishing rations as dried distillers grains results in acceptable performance and carcass quality. Sheep & Goat Res. J. 23:15-19. ABSTRACTS AND PROCEEDINGS Neville, B.W., C.S. Schauer, L.A. Kirschten, K. Karges, M.L. Gibson, and G.P. Lardy. 2009. Influence of thiamin supplementation on feedlot performance, carcass quality, and incidence of polioencephalomalacia in lambs fed a 60% distillers dried grains plus solubles finishing ration. J. Anim. Sci. Proc. 60:In Press. C.S. Schauer, and J.S. Luther. 2009. Nutritional strategies for increasing the efficiency of sheep production. Proceedings of U.S. Sheep Research Programs. p. 27-28. Schauer, C.S., M.M. Stamm, T. Maddock, and P.B. Berg. 2008. 60% dried distillers rains in lamb rations results in acceptable performance and carcass quality. J. Anim. Sci. Proc. 59:396-399. Neville, B.W., C.S. Schauer, L.A. Kirschten, K. Karges, M.L. Gibson, and G.P. Lardy. 2009. Influence of dietary thiamin supplementation on ruminal pH and hydrogen sulfide gas concentration in lambs fed a ration containing 60% distillers dried grains with solubles. J. Anim. Sci. 87(Suppl. 2):#293. Luther, J.S., E.J. Windorski, C.S. Schauer, J.D. Kirsch, K.A. Vonnahme, L.P. Reynolds. J.S. Caton, and G. Wu. 2008. Impacts of L-Arginine on Ovarian Function and Reproductive Performance in Ewes. 86(E Suppl. 2):#LB5. ANNUAL REPORTS Becker, W., R. Schmidt, J. Luther, and C. Schauer. 2009. NDSU Extension Service Live Lamb Carcass Contest Report. 2009 NDSU Sheep Research Report. 50:3-4. Neville, B.W., C.S. Schauer, M.M. Thompson, P.B. Berg, and G.P. Lardy. 2009. Influence of Thiamin Supplementation on Feedlot Performance and Carcass Quality of Lambs Fed a 60% Distillers Dried Grain plus Solubles Finishing Ration. 2009 NDSU Sheep Research Report. 50:5-10. Luther, J.S., W.J. Windorski, J.S. Caton, G. Wu., J.D. Kirsch, K.A. Vonnahme, L.P. Reynolds, and C.S. Schauer. 2009. Effects of arginine supplementation on reproductive performance in Rambouillet ewes. 2009 NDSU Sheep Research Report. 50:11-13. Schauer, C.S., M.M. Stamm, P.B. Berg, D.M. Stecher, D. Pearson, and D. Drolc. 2008. Feeding of 60% Dried Distillers Grains in Finishing Rations Results in Acceptable Lamb Performance and Carcass Quality. 2008 NDSU Sheep Research Report. 49:3-6. Veil, S., and C.S. Schauer. 2008. Response of North Dakota Lamb and Wool Producer Association members to the National Animal Identification System Strategic Plan (NAIS). 2008 NDSU Sheep Research Report. 49:7-12. Texas PEER REVIEWED, REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES Lupton, C. J. 2008. Impacts of animal science research on United States sheep production and predictions for the future. J. Anim. Sci. 86:3252-3274. Waldron, D. F., C. A. Taylor, Jr., J. W. Walker, E. S. Campbell, C. J. Lupton, T. D. Willingham, nd S. Y. Landau. 2009. Heritability of juniper consumption in goats. J. Anim. Sci. 87:491-495. Lupton, C. J., E. S. Campbell, B. S. Engdahl, T. D. Lovett, F. A. Pfeiffer, C. A. Taylor, Jr., D. F. Waldron, and J. W. Walker. 2008. Selecting Angora goats to consume more juniper. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems J. In press. Whitney, T. R. and B. E. Olson. 2009. Rumen microbial activity of sheep and cattle: ambient and conditioned. Livest. Prod. Sci. SUBMITTED Whitney, T. R. and D. F. Waldron. 2009. Evaluating nutritional status of Dorper and Rambouillet ewes in a range sheep production system. Sheep and Goat Res. J. ACCEPTED Woolley, D.K., B.J. May and M.W. Salisbury. 2007. Effect of protein level on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Texas Rambouillet feeder lambs. Texas Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resource. (Submitted) Kiker, W.A., M.W. Salisbury, B. Green and G.R. Engdahl. 2007. Effects of protein and energy feeding on ovine oocyte production and developmental capacity. TX. Jour. Ag. Nat Res. 20:52-62. Salisbury, M.W., B.J. May, S.J. Talley, M.A. Carr and G.R. Engdahl. 2007. Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of feeder lambs implanted and re-implanted with zeronol. TX. Jour. Ag. Nat Res. 20:1-9. Sluiter, R.S., B.J. May, M.W. Salisbury, C.B. Scott, G.R. Engdahl and B.F. Craddock. 2007. Feedlot Performance and Carcass Traits of Texas Rambouillet Feeder Lambs Implanted with Growth Implants. TX. Jour. Ag. Nat Res. 20:22-27. Mendoza, N. Jr, B.J. May, M.W. Salisbury and G.R. Engdahl. 2007. The Effect of Protein Level on Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Texas Rambouillet Ewes. TX. Jour. Ag. Nat Res. 20:75-81. ABSTRACTS Lupton, C. J. 2008. Impacts of animal science research on U.S. sheep production and predictions for the future. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. Centennial Mtg. Indianapolis, IN. July 7-11. J. Anim. Sci. 86, E-Suppl.2:394. Pfeiffer, F. A., C. J. Lupton, and D. F. Waldron. 2008. Estimating average fiber diameter and variability of wool fleeces using Optical Fibre Diameter Analysers (OFDA 100 and 2000). J. Anim. Sci. 86, E-Suppl. 2:495. Lupton, C.J., E. S. Campbell, B. S. Engdahl, T. D. Lovett, F. A. Pfeiffer, C. A. Taylor, Jr., D. F. Waldron, and J. W. Walker. 2008. Selecting Angora goats to consume more juniper. Proc. 9th Int. Conf on Goats, Queretaro, Mexico, August 31 September 5. Abstract 67:95-96. PROCEEDINGS AND ABSTRACTS Lupton, C. J. 2009. Wool research to enhance the competitiveness and prosperity of the U.S. sheep industry. Proc. U.S. Sheep Research Programs, Research Symposium, American Sheep Industry Association Annual Convention, San Diego, January 22:64-67. Settle, C.E., M.W. Salisbury, G.R. Engdahl and B.J. May. 2008. Using Kelp Seaweed to Control Heat Related Infertility in Rambouillet and Suffolk Rams. Western Extension, Research, and Academic Coordinating Committee 039 Proceedings. Chico Hot Springs, Montana: 38. Yates, D.T., M.W. Salisbury and H. Anderson. 2007. Effects of supplementation of tasco-ex on infertility in young male goats experiencing heat stress. J. Anim. Sci. 85:171, Supplement 2. Dunbar, N.A., B.J. May, M.W. Salisbury, C.B. Scott and M.T. Schafer. 2007. Effect of copper supplementation on artificial insemination conception rate of Angus cows and feedlot performance of Angus bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 85:173, Supplement 2. Mendoza, N., B.J. May, M.W. Salisbury, G.R. Engdahl, and G.G. Hilton. 2007. The effect of protein level on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Texas Rambouillet ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 85:173, Supplement 2. Self, J.M., M.W. Salisbury, B.J. May, G.E. Engdahl, C.B. Scott and R. Horst. 2006. Vitamin D Supplementation in Fall Born Rambouillet Lambs Raised on Small Grain Pastures. J. Animal Sci Proceeding, Western Section. Sato, N.E.A., M.W. Salisbury, C.B. Scott, and G.R. Engdahl. 2006. Effect of Solanum dimidiatum on embryonic loss and neonatal lamb survival in Rambouillet sheep. Western Extension, Research, and Academic Coordinating Committee 039 Proceedings. San Angelo, Texas. Owens, C.J., C.B. Scott, M.W. Salisbury and C.A. Taylor, Jr. 2008. Juniper consumption does not cause abortions or reduce neonatal viability in Boer-cross goats. Abstr. Soc. Range Management. 61:1273. George, C., C.B. Scott, C.A. Taylor, Jr., C.J. Owens, M.W. Salisbury, and B.J. May. 2008. Effects of Protein supplementation on juniper consumption by goats. Abstr. Soc. For Range Management. 61:1898. Owens, C.J., C.B. Scott, M.W. Salisbury and C.A. Taylor, Jr. 2008. Juniper consumption does not cause abortions or reduce neonatal viability in Boer-cross goats. Abstr. Tex. Sec. Soc. Range Management. George, C., C.B. Scott, C.A. Taylor, Jr., C.J. Owens, M.W. Salisbury, and B.J. May. 2008. Effects of Protein supplementation on juniper consumption by goats. Abstr. Tex. Sec. Soc. Range Management. Yates, D.T., M.W. Salisbury and H. Anderson. 2007. Effects of supplementation of tasco-ex on infertility in young male goats experiencing heat stress. J. Anim. Sci. 85:171, Supplement 2. Dunbar, N.A., B.J. May, M.W. Salisbury, C.B. Scott and M.T. Schafer. 2007. Effect of copper supplementation on artificial insemination conception rate of Angus cows and feedlot performance of Angus bulls. J. Anim. Sci. 85:173, Supplement 2. Mendoza, N., B.J. May, M.W. Salisbury, G.R. Engdahl, and G.G. Hilton. 2007. The effect of protein level on feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Texas Rambouillet ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 85:173, Supp 2. Owens, C.J., C.B. Scott, M.W. Salisbury, and C.A. Taylor, Jr. 2007. Does juniper consumption by pregnant goats cause reproductive failure and/or reduction in neonatal viability. WERA 039. Corvallis, Oregon. Owens, C.J., C.B. Scott, M.W. Salisbury, and C.A. Taylor, Jr. 2007. Juniper consumption does not cause abortions or reduce neonatal viability in Boer-cross goats. Abstr. Soc. Range Manage. (Accepted). Owens, C.J., C.B. Scott, M.W. Salisbury, and C.A. Taylor, Jr. 2007. Juniper consumption does not cause abortions or reduce neonatal viability in Boer-cross goats. Tex. Sec. Soc. Range Manage. Sato, N.E.A., M.W. Salisbury, C.B. Scott, C.J. Owens, and G.R. Engdahl. 2007. Potato weed (Solanum dimidiatum) ingestion does not cause embryonic loss or affect neonatal lamb survival. Abstr. Soc. Range Manage, #381, Reno, NV. Self, J.M., M.W. Salisbury, B.J. May, G.E. Engdahl, C.B. Scott and R. Horst. 2006. Vitamin D Supplementation in Fall Born Rambouillet Lambs Raised on Small Grain Pastures. J. Animal Sci Proceeding, Western Section. Sato, N.E.A., M.W. Salisbury, C.B. Scott, and G.R. Engdahl. 2006. Effect of Solanum dimidiatum on embryonic loss and neonatal lamb survival in Rambouillet sheep. Western Extension, Research, and Academic Coordinating Committee 039 Proceedings. San Angelo, Texas. STATION REPORTS Waldron, D. F. and C. J. Lupton. 2008. Improvement of sheep through selection of performance-tested and progeny-tested breeding animals. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Cen. Tech. Rep. 2007-1. Waldron, D. F. and C. J. Lupton. 2008. Angora goat performance test report. Texas Agric. Exp. Sta. Res. Cen. Tech. Rep. 2007-3. Waldron, D. F. and C. J. Lupton. 2009. Improvement of sheep through selection of performance-tested and progeny-tested breeding animals. Texas AgriLife Res. Cen. Tech. Rep. 2008-1. INVITED PRESENTATIONS Salisbury, M.W. 2008. Internal Parasites: Control in Small Ruminants. West Texas Youth Veterinary Science Workshop. San Angelo, Texas. Salisbury, M.W. 2007. Nutritional management of meat goats. Mountain States Meat Goat Association Field Day. Fort Collins, Colorado. Self, R.T., D.F. Waldron, M.W. Salisbury. 2007. Changes in performance of traits measured in performance tests on Rambouillet rams. Annual Performance Test Field Day, Sonora, Texas. Copeland, J.R., M.W. Salisbury. 2007. Internal Parasite Management in Small Ruminants. West Texas Vet Science Workshop. San Angelo, Texas. Salisbury, M.W. 2007. Livestock Handling Practices and Management Techniques. West Texas Vet Science Workshop. San Angelo, Texas. Salisbury, M.W. 2006. Meat Goat Production Strategies for Profit Minded Producers. Missouri Goat Producers Symposium. Web-Cast to Four Locations Salisbury, M.W. 2006. Internal Parasites: Why are they a problem in Small Ruminants. West Texas Youth Veterinary Science Workshop. Sonora, Texas. Salisbury, M.W., J.R. Copeland, D.F. Waldron, F.Craddock. 2006. Dorper vs. Rambouillet-Parasite Resistance. 33rd Annual Sheep and Goat Field Day. San Angelo, Texas. University of Nevada, Reno T. Wuliji, H. Glimp, T. Filbin. 2009. Two seasonal lambing in spring and fall increases reproductive efficiency of range sheep flock. J.A.S. Vol 87 Suppl.1 In Press. ADSA-CSAS-ASAS Annual Meeting (July 12-16, Montreal, Quebec, Canada). T. Wuliji, H Glimp, T. Filbin. 2009. Introduction of Merino genetics to improve Western range sheep flock wool quality and wool clip profits. Proceedings of US Sheep Research Programs. 47-49. American Sheep Industry Association Convention (January 21-24, 2009), San Diego, Ca. T. Wuliji, H Glimp, B Perryman, W. Rauw and T. Filbin. 2008. Sheep production on high desert rangelands and irrigated pasture. Proc. XXI Inter. Grassland Congress & VII Inter. Rangeland Congress: Multifunctional Grasslands In a Changing World. Vol. II. p. 83. Wyoming Cameron, B. A. and R.H. Stobart. 2008. Yellowing propensity of Rambouillet sheep. Sheep and Goat Res. J. 23:11. Alexander, B. M., R.H. Stobart, G.E. Moss. 2008. Scrapie Resistance and Production Traits in Rambouillet Rams: Ram Performance Test 2002 2006. Research in Veterinary Science .

Publications Attachment:

Attachment

Impact Statements

Sheep grazing is a viable alternative to chemical and mechanical methods of weed control on summer fallow in dry land wheat production systems. Using sheep to control weeds on summer fallow will reduce pesticide and fossil fuel costs. Incorporating sheep into farming systems will result in higher levels of soil organic matter. Grazing sheep as a means of weed control on summer fallow may result in a lower cost of production for grain farmers. (Montana State University)
In Texas, there are currently over 245,000 market lambs and over 1 million goats. If the technology is developed to efficiently harvest juniper, then this abundant resource will probably will be utilized by livestock producers as a "cheaper" feed that will increase animal health and reduce juniper encroachment. There is potential in Texas alone, for sheep and goats to consume over 9,000,000 lbs. of juniper per year. This amount is not including juniper that can be used in supplemental feeds. Potential to reduce landowners costs (approximately $100/acre) associated with managing juniper infestations, if there is a value in the harvested product. Also potential for landowners to grind juniper on-site ad either mix it themselves or sell the feed to a local feedmill (TAMU).
A selection strategy being investigated has the potential to increase wool production of Rambouillet ewes by 25 % and reduce average fineness by 2 microns without additional inputs. In the current market (4-28-09), this would translate to tripling income from wool, from approximately $12 to $36/ewe. The greater challenge and objective of this research is to achieve this substantial increase in wool value without loss in lamb production. (TAMU)
Current research with progesterone therapy has not decreased embryonic mortality. However, our crossbreeding (Suffolk X western white face) has increased lamb weaning weight by 10 % above the straightbred western white face lambs. (New Mexico State University)
Ram breed is not a cause of seasonality in sheep reproductive performance, therefore, concern with reproductive activity in the male should not be of concern when choosing a ram breed to use in a production operation. Allows for more breed choices when choosing a ram breed for siring lambs during any season of the year, and by eliminating the concern of the male, a producer can concentrate efforts on managing for less seasonality in the female. (Angelo State University)
Using hair presence at birth and weaning allows for more accurate selection for long wool production in Rambouillet lambs. Producers will be able to use indicators at weaning to aid in fiber selection rather than requiring extensive time on feed before being able to select for increased fiber production. This should, in turn, save a Rambouillet producer money by eliminating long term feeding. (Angelo State University)
Lambs fed diets averaging 0.7% sulfur did not develop polioencephalomalacia while maintaining adequate performance, even when given no supplemental thiamin. Currently, dried distillers grain is 5-10% cheaper than corn on an energy basis. Maximizing the use of DDG will decrease ration costs when corn is removed from the ration and replaced with DDG at levels up to 60% of the ration. While supplemental thiamin may be provided as a safety net for preventing polioencephalomalacia, current research suggests this is not always required. (North Dakota State University)
Feed costs are the single largest expense in sheep operations. Improving feed efficiency of animals will help to decrease feed expenses and increase net returns. All sheep producers would benefit from this information. New technology has provided the means of determining feed intake of rams on a central ram test allowing for the determination of Residual Feed Intake, a value which then can be used as a selection tool. (University of Wyoming)
Application of the OFDA 2000 (Optical Fiber Diameter Analyzer) fleece measurements improves wool sheep selection efficiency, breeding value estimates, and wool clip profits. The application of OFDA 2000 measurements for individual fleece testing and sheep selection in the last five years has significantly improved the profitability of the Rafter 7 Ranch operations by identifying elite breeding animals and selling higher premium priced wool clips. University of Nevada - Reno)
Nearly 1,600 sheep and goat producers from throughout the Intermountain West have received production-oriented education to increase their husbandry skills and improve the economic and environmental viability of their respective operations. 86% of 2009 workshop participants indicated the information gained from the event would benefit them economically. The Utah Sheep and Goat Education Days have provided a setting for small flock producers to network and exchange ideas amongst themselves. (Utah State University)
Preliminary assessment of a biological wool harvesting system-BioClip® for shearing the US wool sheep flocks suggests that it will be very useful. Shearing is a labor intensive, accident and injury prone skill that normally improves with experience but is typically only a seasonal operation. Most of the 7 million sheep in the US inventory, whether wool producing Merino derived or dual purpose flocks or meat breeds, require shearing. Therefore, a biological wool harvesting procedure, such as BioClip® Wool Harvesting System, may offer more humane, less stressful, less contamination, and more environmentally friendly wool harvesting solution. (University of Nevada-Reno)
Over 150 producers were in attendance for the 1st annual Mountain-Plains Sheep & Goat Conference to learn about new techniques in nutrition, reproductive management, grazing management, and disease management in sheep and goats. Both sheep and goat producers responded that they had an increase in knowledge and expertise through attending the program. The Mountain-Plains Sheep & Goat Conference provided a new venue for small ruminant scientists, industry, and producers to exchange novel information regarding the management of small ruminants. (Hettinger Research Center - North Dakota State University)

Date of Annual Report: 08/07/2010

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 06/07/2010 - 06/10/2010
Period the Report Covers: 10/01/2009 - 09/01/2010

Participants

Members of the WERA-039 committee attending the business meeting were Chair Chris Schauer (North Dakota State University), Julie Walker (South Dakota State University), Bret Taylor (USDA Sheep Station), Greg Lewis (USDA Sheep Station), Christopher Lupton (Texas A&M University), Rodney Kott (Montana State University), Pat Hatfield (Montana State University), Travis Whitney (Angelo State University), Richard Battaglia (University of Idaho), Reid Redden (Montana State University), Brian Neville (North Dakota State University), and Jim Thompson (Oregon State University).

Participants Attachment:

Attachment

Brief Summary of Minutes

See attachment - Minutes of 2010 WERA Meeting.

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

The WERA-039 has contributed greatly to defining the numerous advantages of sheep and goat grazing to recover and sustain rangeland ecosystems and enhance cropping systems. Continued and new research utilizing sheep and goat grazing includes: a) control of invasive exotic plants such as leafy spurge and the spotted knapweed; b) riparian management, fire suppression, and weed control in tree plantations; and c) reduction in wheat stem sawfly and alfalfa weevil infestations. Research focused specifically on goat grazing management includes: a) control of encroaching pine and juniper species and 2) replacement of traditional chemical and mechanical fallow methods in cropping systems. Participating institutions (8) are from Montana, North Dakota, Idaho, Texas, Nevada, Oregon, and Utah. Continued development and validation of better methods of quantifying wool quality. In the past, this has included development of ASTM measurement standards for Laserscan and OFDA for measuring fiber diameter and evaluation of skirting and classing wool prior to sale. These technologies are the basis for the national wool quality improvement program. Many results have been incorporated along with basic wool handling skills into numerous American Sheep Industry Association sponsored outreach programs. Modern, technologies such as Near- Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy and Staplebreaker Model 2, are being used to quantify important fleece characteristics in breeding programs focused on improving overall productivity and quality of the wool breeds. Participating institutions (6) are from Texas, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, and Colorado. The evolving theme of current and published feeding/supplementation research by the WERA-039 is focused on timely and profitable uses of supplemental feeds. Continued and current projects are underway to enhance neonatal lamb survival, short- and long-term ewe health, and nutritive quality of meat through strategic and efficient enhancement of dietary vitamin D, vitamin E, and (or) selenium. Participating institutions (9) are from New Mexico, Colorado, North Dakota, Idaho, Texas, and Utah. Develop a decision support system for goat production based on the genetic potential, biological efficiency, and nutrient and management requirements of goats. Using large, medium, and small framed breeds, continued and current research is underway to define and subsequently improve carcass merit, milk composition, and lactation curves of goats. Participating institutions (2) are from Texas. Enhance the management capabilities of producers through testing, development, and system integration of accurate and real-time animal identification programs. Current and continued research is underway to use retinal imaging for accurate sheep identification, and test the efficacy of radio frequency identification systems based on accuracy, economic feasibility, user-friendliness, and longevity of different ear tag types and readers. The participating institution is from Wyoming. Evaluate potential benefits of introducing sheep and goat breeds that are either not currently in the U.S. or have only recently been introduced. Past research focused on Australian Merino breeding into certain lines of U.S. fine wool sheep to increase both quality and quantity of wool produced. Cooperative evaluation of Australian genetic sources was possible only because of the pooling of resources from several WERA-039 stations. That breeding project resulted in a series of cooperative publications. In addition, flocks developed during this project are currently suppliers of breeding stock to the commercial industry. Participating institutions (5) are from Texas, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho. Provide new information on developing a safer meat product for human consumption. Current and continuing research is being conducted to identify potential routes of pathogen contamination and what pre- and post-slaughter protocols could be implemented to alleviate these routes. Participating institutions (3) are from Texas, Colorado, and New Mexico.

Publications

WERA 039 Participant Publications (2009/2010) IDAHO PEER REVIEWED Carlson, D. B., J. J. Reed, P. P. Borowicz, J. B. Taylor, L. P. Reynolds, T. L. Neville, D. A. Redmer, K. A. Vonnahme, and J. S. Caton. 2009. Effects of dietary selenium supply and timing of nutrient restriction during gestation on maternal growth and body composition of pregnant adolescent ewes. J. Anim. Sci. 87:669-680. Lekatz, L. A., M. A. Ward, P. P. Borowicz, J. B. Taylor, D. A. Redmer, A. T. Grazul-Bilska, L. P. Reynolds, J. S. Caton, and K. A. Vonnahme. 2009. Cotyledonary responses to maternal selenium and dietary restriction may influence alterations in fetal weight and fetal liver glycogen in sheep. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 117:216-225. Moffet, C. A. 2009. Agreement between measurements of shrub cover using ground-based methods and very large scale aerial imagery. Rangeland Ecol. Manage. 62:268-277. Taylor, J. B., C.A. Moffet, and T.D. Leeds. 2009. Body weight changes and subsequent lambing rates of western whiteface ewes grazing winter range. Livestock Sci.121:339-342. Taylor, J. B., L. P. Reynolds, D. A. Redmer, and J. S. Caton. 2009. Maternal and fetal tissue selenium loads in nulliparous ewes fed supranutritional and excessive selenium during mid- to late pregnancy. J. Anim. Sci. 87:1828-1834. MONTANA PEER REVIEWED Kott, R. W., B. L. Roeder, and L.M.M. Surber. 2010. Sorting lines of wool with the OFDA2000. International J. of Sheep and Wool Science. 58:50-60. R. R. Redden, R. W. Kott, J. A. Boles, A. W. Layton, and P. G. Hatfield. 2010. Effects of late gestation supplementation of rumen undegradable protein, vitamin E, zinc, and chlortetracycline to ewes on indices of immune transfer and productivity. J. Anim Sci. 88: 1125-1134. R. R. Redden, R. W. Kott, L.M.M. Surber, J. A. Boles, A. W. Layton, and P. G. Hatfield. 2010. Post-weaning Management of Lambs Alters Subsequent Feedlot Performance and Tissue Deposition. Sheep and Goat Res. J. 24: 26-31 Borg, R. C., D. R. Notter, and R. W. Kott. 2009. Genetic analysis of ewe stayability and its association with lamb growth and adult production. J Anim. Sci. 87:3515-3524. Borg, R. C., D. R. Notter, and R. W. Kott 2009. Phenotypic and genetic associations between lamb growth traits and adult ewe body weights in western range sheep. J Anim Sci. 87:3506-3514. Kott, R.W., James Moore, Mike Schuldt and Marko Manoukian. 2009. Assisting Wool Producers In Accessing An Emerging Global Market. Journal of Extension [On-line], 47(1). PROCEEDINGS J. I. Keithly, R. W. Kott, J. G. Berardinelli, S. Moreaux, and P. G. Hatfield. 2010. Thermogenesis, serum metabolites, and growth in lambs born to ewes supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 61 J. L. Peterson, S. J. Moreaux, J. G. P. Bowman, P. G. Hatfield, J. G. Berardinelli, and J. Olsen. 2009. Metabolic and physical effects of psyllium supplementation on quarter horses. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 60: 176-179. Keithly, J., A. Hafla, T. McDonald, B. Nichols, J. Peterson, R. Redden, J. Uhrig, L. Voigt, A. Kellom, J. Paterson, and P. Hatfield. 2009. Dry matter intake and digestibility by lambs supplemented with expired foods (donuts, chips, and macaroni) and barley. Proc. Mont. Nutr. Conf. Redden, R.R., R. W. Kott, L.M.M. Surber, J. A. Boles, A. W. Layton, and P. G. Hatfield. 2009. Feedlot performance of lambs from different backgrounding systems. Proc. West. Sec. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. 59: 95-98. NORTH DAKOTA PEER REVIEWED Neville, B.W., C.S. Schauer, K. Karges, M.L. Gibson, M.M. Thompson, L.A. Kirschten, N.W. Dyer, P.T. Berg, and G.P. Lardy. 2009. Effect of thiamin level on animal health, feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and ruminal hydrogen sulfide concentrations in lambs fed diets based on 60% distillers dried grains plus solubles. J. Anim. Sci. (In Press). ABSTRACTS AND PROCEEDINGS Neville, B.W., C.S. Schauer, K. Karges, N. Dyer, and G.P. Lardy. 2010. Considerations for increased DDGS use in finishing lambs. Proceedings of U.S. Sheep Research Programs. p. 29-30. Saevre, C.B., J.S. Caton, J.S. Luther, A.M. Meyer, J.D. Kirsch, M. Kapphahn, D.A. Redmer, and C.S. Schauer. 2010. Effects of rumen protected arginine supplementation on ewe serum amino acid concentration, circulating progesterone, and ovarian blood flow. J. Anim. Sci. Proc. 61:In Press. Eckerman, S.R., G.P. Lardy, M.M. Thompson, B.W. Neville, M.L. Van Emon, P.T. Berg, and C.S. Schauer. 2010. Feedlot performance and carcass quality of conventionally raised lambs implanted with zeranol versus naturally raised lambs. J. Anim. Sci. Proc. 61:In Press. Neville, B.W., C.S. Schauer, L.A. Kirschten, K. Karges, M.L. Gibson, and G.P. Lardy. 2009. Influence of thiamin supplementation on feedlot performance, carcass quality, and incidence of polioencephalomalacia in lambs fed a 60% distillers dried grains plus solubles finishing ration. J. Anim. Sci. Proc. 60:135-139. Magolski, J.D., W.L. Keller, T.M. Jeske, C.A. Schwartz, L.A. Lekatz, J.D. Kirsch, C.S. Schauer, K.A. Vonnahme, and K.R. Maddock-Carlin. 2010. Effects of maternal metabolizable protein supplementation during late gestation on ovine fetal muscle calpain and calpastatin activities. J. Anim. Sci. 88(Suppl. 2):In press. Camacho, L.E., L.A. Lekatz, M.L Van Emon, C.S. Schauer, K.R. Maddock Carlin, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Effects of maternal MP supplementation in late gestation on uterine and umbilical blood flows in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 88(Suppl. 2):In press. Neville, T.L., L.A. Lekatz, T.J. Swanson, M.L. Van Emon, C.S. Schauer, K.R. Maddock Carlin, C.M. Hammer, and K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Effects of maternal metabolizable protein supply on fetal organ weights. J. Anim. Sci. 88(Suppl. 2):In press. Lekatz, L.A., M.L. Van Emon, P.K. Shukla, S.T. ORourke, C.S. Schauer, K.M. Carlin, K.A. Vonnahme. 2010. Influence of metabolizable protein supplementation during late gestation on vasoreactivity of maternal and fetal placental arteries in sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 88(Suppl. 2):In press. ANNUAL REPORTS Eckerman, S.E., G.P. Lardy, M.M. Thompson, B. Neville, M. VanEmon, P.B. Berg, and C.S. Schauer. 2010. Growth performance and carcass characteristics of conventionally raised lambs implanted with zeranol versus naturally raised lambs. 2010 NDSU Sheep Research Report. 51:3-7. Neville, B.W., C.S. Schauer, and G.P. Lardy. 2010. Influence of thiamin supplementation on hydrogen sulfide gas concentrations in ruminants fed high sulfur diets. 2010 NDSU Sheep Research Report. 51:811. Sebesta, E.L., K.K. Sedivec, B. Geaumont, S. Kronberg, K. Larson, D. Houchen, and C.S. Schauer. 2010. Impacts of integrated pest management on Leafy Spurge (Euphorbia esula) following a 10-year sheep grazing study: A progress report. 2010 NDSU Sheep Research Report. 51:12-19. Becker, W., C. Schauer, and R. Schmidt. 2010. NDSU Extension Service live lamb carcass contest report. 2010 NDSU Sheep Research Report. 51:29-30. Neville, C.S. Schauer, and G.P. Lardy. 2009. Influence of thiamin supplementation on hydrogen sulfide gas concentrations in ruminants fed high-sulfur diets. 2009 NDSU Beef Feedlot Research Report. 32:11-15. Neville, C.S. Schauer, and G.P. Lardy. 2009. Influence of thiamin supplementation on hydrogen sulfide gas concentrations in ruminants fed high-sulfur diets. 2008 Beef Cattle and Range Research Report. 25-27. TEXAS PEER REVIEWED, REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES Lupton, C. J., E. S. Campbell, B. S. Engdahl, T. D. Lovett, F. A. Pfeiffer, C. A. Taylor, Jr., D. F. Waldron, and J. W. Walker. 2009. Selecting Angora goats to consume more juniper. Tropical and Subtropical Agroecosystems. 11:59-64. McCeachern, J., T. R. Whitney, C. B. Scott, C. J. Lupton, and M. W. Salisbury. 2009. Substituting distillers dried grains for cottonseed meal in lamb-finishing diets: growth, wool characteristics, and serum NEFA, urea N, and IGF-1 concentrations. Sheep and Goat Res. J. 24:3240. Whitney, T. R., D. F. Waldron, and T. Willingham. 2009. Evaluating nutritional status of Dorper and Rambouillet ewes in range sheep production. Sheep Goat Res. J. 24:10-16. Lupton, C. J. 2010. Chapter 15, Fiber Production. In: Goat Science and Production, S. G. Solaiman, Ed. Wiley-Blackwell, Ames IA:293-312. Campbell, E. J., R. A. Frost, T. K. Mosley, J. C. Mosley, C. J. Lupton, C. A. Taylor, Jr., J. W. Walker, D. F. Waldron, and J. Musser. 2010. Pharmacokinetic differences in exposure to camphor following intraruminal dosing in selectively bred lines of goats J. Anim. Sci. Accepted. Walker, J. W., E. J. Campbell, R. W. Kott, S. Y. Landau, C. J. Lupton, C. B. Scott L. Surber, C. A. Taylor, Jr., and W. R. Whitworth. 2010. Chapter 5. Fecal NIRS for Predicting Botanical Composition of Herbivore Diets. Fecal NIRS Monograph. Texas AgriLife Research Bulletin. College Station. In Prep. Whitney, T. R., and J. P. Muir. 2010. Redberry juniper as a roughage source in lamb feedlot rations: performance and serum nonesterified fatty acids, urea nitrogen, and insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations. J. Anim. Sci. 88:14921502. ABSTRACTS Klein, D. R., T. R. Whitney, C. B. Scott, C. J. Owens. 2009. Redberry juniper to reduce Haemonchus contortus in vitro viability and increase Ivomectin efficacy. TX Soc. Range Manage. Oct. 7-9, Beaumont, TX. Klein, D. R., T. R. Whitney, T. M. Craig, C. B. Scott, C. J. Owens. 2010. Redberry juniper to reduce Haemonchus contortus in vitro viability and increase Ivomectin efficacy. Soc. Range Manage. Feb. 7-11, Denver, CO. Lupton, C. J., F. A. Pfeiffer, W. S. Ramsey, M. Salisbury, D. F. Waldron, J. W. Walker, and T. D. Willingham. 2009. Preliminary results of a comparison between Texas Rambouillet sheep and Australian Merino F1 crosses. J. Anim. Sci. 87, E-Suppl. 2:307 Whitney, T. R. 2009. Alternative feeds to reduce feeding costs. Annual Ram Performance Test Field Day. Sonora, TX. March 13. Wildeus, S., A. M. Zajac, C. J. Lupton, J. R. Collins. 2009. Effect of parasite management practices on fecal egg counts and fiber characteristics in alpacas. Proc. Ann. Meet. South. Sect. Amer. Soc. Anim. Sci. :36. Zajac, A. M., S. Wildeus, and C. J. Lupton. 2009. Transmission of intestinal parasites of alpacas in the mid-Atlantic region, U.S.A. 22nd Meeting of the World Assoc. for the Advancement of Vet. Parasitology. Calgary, Canada. Aug. 9-13. CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS Lupton, C.J. 2009. Alpaca quality and analysis. Proceedings, Alpaca Information Day, Virginia State University, Petersburg, January 17: 1-58. (CD available with slides and audio, January 2010). Lupton, C. J., F. A. Pfeiffer, W. S. Ramsey, M. Salisbury, D. F. Waldron, J. W. Walker, and T. W. Willingham. 2010. Comparison of Texas Rambouillet sheep with Australian Merino F1 crosses. Sheep Research and Outreach Symposium, American Sheep Industry Association Annual Convention, Nashville, TN, January 21:52-54. STATION REPORTS Waldron, D. F. and C. J. Lupton. 2009. Improvement of sheep through selection of performance-tested and progeny-tested breeding animals. Texas AgriLife Res. Cen. Tech. Rep. 2009-1. Waldron, D. F. and C. J. Lupton. 2009. Angora goat performance test report. Texas AgriLife Res. Cen. Tech. Rep. 2009-3. Lupton, C. J., F. A. Pfeiffer, W. S. Ramsey, M. Salisbury, D. F. Waldron, J. W. Walker, and T. D. Willingham. 2009. Comparison of Texas Rambouillet sheep with Australian Merino F1 crosses. Texas AgriLife Res. Ann. Prog. Rep. Texas Dept. Agric. Food & Fibers Res. Grant Prog. :1-9. Taylor, C. A., Jr., C. J. Lupton, D. F. Waldron, and J. W. Walker. 2009. Improving the use of goats to manage juniper. Texas AgriLife Res. Ann. Prog. Rep. Texas Dept. Agric. Food & Fibers Res. Grant Prog. :11-30. Taylor, C. A., Jr., T. R. Whitney, C.J. Lupton, and J. W. Walker. 2009. Economic sustainability of Spanish X Boer goats, Dorper X Barbado sheep, Rambouillet sheep, and Angora goats in a low input grazing system in West Texas. Texas AgriLife Res. Ann. Prog. Rep. Texas Dept. Agric. Food & Fibers Res. Grant Prog. :60-68. Waldron, D. F. and C. J. Lupton. 2010. Improvement of sheep through selection of performance-tested and progeny-tested breeding animals. Texas AgriLife Res. Cen. Tech. Rep. 2010-1. INVITED PRESENTATIONS Lupton, C. J. 2009. Animal fiber metrology. The Iraq Agricultural Extension Revitalization Group. Texas AgriLife Research and Extension Center, San Angelo. October 20. Lupton, C. J. 2010. Comments on the 2009 Angora goat test results. Texas AgriLife Research Station at Sonora. July 23. Lupton, C. J. 2010. Comparison of Texas Rambouillet sheep with Australian Merino F1 crosses. Sheep Research and Outreach Symposium, American Sheep Industry Association Annual Convention, Nashville, TN. January 21. Lupton, C. J. 2010. Comments on the 2009/2010 ram test. Texas AgriLife Research Station at Sonora. March 19. Whitney, T. R. 2009. Alternative feeds to reduce feeding costs. Annual Ram Performance Test Field Day. Sonora, TX. March 13. Whitney, T. R. 2009. Nutrition research, San Angelo. WERA 039 annual meeting, Reno NV. Report. Whitney, T. R. 2009. Nutritional research programs. Texas AgriLife Extension: Youth Veterinary Science Workshop, San Angelo. Whitney, T. R. 2009. TX AgriLife Nutrition Program update: using underutilized feed resources in sheep and goat rations. Annual Angora Goat Performance Test and Field Day, Sonora, TX. July 23. Whitney, T. R. 2009. Exploiting the benefits of DDG; using it as a protein and energy source. AgriLife Research/TX Cattle Feeders/POET administrative meeting. Amarillo, TX. Aug. 19-20. Whitney, T. R. 2009. Benefits of plant chemicals. Annual TX AgriLife Sheep and Goat Field Day, San Angelo. September 3. UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, RENO PUBLICATIONS T Wuliji, H Hudson and T Filbin. 2009. Merino breeding program improves wool production in the western USA range sheep flocks. Proceedings of FAO/IAEA International symposium sustainable improvement of animal production and health. P. 83-84. June 8-11, 2009. Vienna, Austria. T Wuliji, T Watts, A Qi, T Filbin. 2010. An alternative wool harvesting system for wool sheep flocks. J. Anim. Sci. Vol 88 Suppl. 1. In Press. ADSA®-PSA-AMPA-CSAS-WSASAS-ASAS Joint Annual Meeting (July 11-15, 2010, Denver, Colorado). L. Shi, T. Wuliji, N. Li, T. Shenkoru, S. McConahey, W. Yang. 2010. Seasonal variation of nutrients and in vitro dry matter degradability of forage hay. J. Anim. Sci. Vol 88 Suppl. 1. In Press. ADSA®-PSA-AMPA-CSAS-WSASAS-ASAS Joint Annual Meeting (July 11-15, 2010, Denver, Colorado). N Li, T Wuliji, A Qi, SH Hyon, K Matsumura, L Shi, W Chen. 2010. The Effect of Poly-L-lysine as a New Cryoprotectant for Ovine Oocyte Vitrification. J. Anim. Sci. Vol 88 Suppl. 1. In Press. ADSA®-PSA-AMPA-CSAS-WSASAS-ASAS Joint Annual Meeting (July 11-15, 2010, Denver, Colorado). Wei Chen, Tumen Wuliji, Hang Wang, Nan Li, Aladaer Qi. The Application of TARGET Bovine CL Progesterone Test Kit for Early Pregnancy Diagnosis in Ewes. 2010. J. Anim. Sci. Vol 88 Suppl. 1. In Press. ADSA®-PSA-AMPA-CSAS-WSASAS-ASAS Joint Annual Meeting (July 11-15, 2010, Denver, Colorado). Tumen Wuliji, Aladaer Qi , Nan Li , Wei Chen , Tom Filbin. 2010. Genotypic Screening For Melatonin Receptor Gene 1A Polymorphism In Rafter 7 Merino Ewes. Proceedings of Plant & Animal Genomes XVIII Conference. p. 578. (January 9-13, 2010). Town & Country Convention Center, San Diego, CA. (http://www.intl-pag.org/18/abstracts). Aladaer Qi , Tumen Wuliji , Wei Chen , Lei Shi. 2010. Melatonin Receptor 1 A Gene Polymorphisms To MnlI, RsaI And Nucleotide Mutations In Rafter 7 Merino Ewes. Proceedings of Plant & Animal Genomes XVIII Conference. p. 573. (January 9-13, 2010). Town & Country Convention Center, San Diego, CA. (http://www.intl-pag.org/18/abstracts). UTAH REPORTS Chapman, C.K., Rood, K.A., Boyer, S., McNeal, L.G. & Boyer, T. 2009. 2009 Utah Sheep and Goat Education Day. 2009 Annual Report of the Western Extension, Research & Academic Coordinating Committee 039. WERA039: Coordination of Sheep and Goat Research and Education Programs in the Western States. EDUCATIONAL SUPPLEMENTS Chapman, C.K. & Rood, K.A.. 2009. [Fact Sheet] Agrosecurity Protecting Americas Food Supply: An Introduction to Agrosecurity Challenges. Electronic Publication. Utah State University Extension Fact Sheet AG/Agrosecurity/2009-01. http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/AG_Agrosecurity_2009-01pr.pdf Rood, K.A. & Chapman, C.K.. 2009. [Fact Sheet] Minimizing Disease in Your Sheep Flock: A Guide to Preventative Flock Health. Electronic Publication. Utah State University Extension Fact Sheet Animal Health/Sheep/2009-02pr at: http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/Animal_Health_Sheep_2009-02pr.pdf

Publications Attachment:

Attachment

Impact Statements

"There are currently over 180,000 market lambs and approximately 1.1 million goats (meat, Angora, milk, and other) in Texas. If commercial technology is developed to harvest juniper, then this abundant resource will probably will be used by producers as a "cheaper" feed. If 180,000 growing lambs and goats are fed for 60 d and juniper consists of 20% of the diet, then approximately 9.72 million lbs. of juniper would be needed each year in Texas. If 1 million sheep and goats are supplemented for 60 d with feed containing 30% juniper, then approximately 18 million lbs. of juniper would be needed each year in Texas. Thus, over 174 million lbs./yr could be harvested for feed in Texas alone. If this feed had a value of $150/ton, it would result in over $13 million for rural areas.
"There is potential to reduce landowners costs (approximately $100/acre) associated with managing juniper infestations, if a value is created. There is also potential for landowners to grind juniper on-site and either mix it themselves or sell the feed to a local feedmill. It is estimated that harvesting, grinding, drying, and bagging juniper by hand costs approximately $200/ton (labor only), which is expensive compared to cottonseed hulls and low-quality hay. Even so, potential still exists for producers to harvest juniper and mix it with DDG and a mineral premix, to keep supplementation costs below $200/ton. Currently, this would save producers over $60/ton of supplement.
Administering hCG to ewes on day 4,7, and 10 after mating will increase serum progesterone concentration, number of CL and number of lambs born per ewe.
The value of wool produced by Merino X Rambouillet yearlings was $30.21/head versus $17.13 for the contemporary Rambouillet sheep.
"Wool is produced more efficiently (in terms of g of clean wool per kg of BW) by Merino crossbred sheep compared to straight Rambouillets (58.8 versus 48.0 g/kg).
Seasonality of reproduction constitutes a major waste in production opportunity in sheep industry. However, a profound variation in the non seasonal breeding performance exhibited within sheep breeds. The application of DNA markers, which associated with such a trait, will greatly enhance the reproductive efficiency of ewes. The allelic frequencies were found 0.61 (M) and 0.39 (m) for the MnlI and 0.61 (R) and 0.39 (r) for the RsaI polymorphism sites. In addition to the existing of mutation of G801A and G555A , we have found T701A, A780G, G729A spontaneous mutations within the Rafter 7 Ranch range flock. There was 86% of screened ewes from spring breeding flock showed possessing at least one copy of M allele, which was associated positively with the out of season reproductive performance.
Lamb finishing systems utilizing antibiotics and growth promotants (implants and ionophores) may result in lambs with increased performance compared to natural finishing systems; however, morbidity and mortality may be increased due to an increase in rectal and vaginal prolapses. Naturally raised lambs provide the opportunity for operations to diversify into niche markets, while improving carcass quality. Conventional lambs may have improved feedlot performance following implanting, which could increase an operations profitability, potentially increasing gross profit/lamb by 5 - 7 %. However, increase in prolapse and mortality may negate the benefits associated with conventional practices that include implanting.
Sheep producers providing supplemental metabolizable protein (MP) during late gestation may impact fetal growth and development, potentially affecting future reproductive performance of offspring. Additionally, ewe lambs born from ewes supplemented with MP had heavier ovaries, indicating the fetal programming may have taken place. This programming may have an effect on future ewe lamb pregnancy rates. " Increasing metabolizable protein supply in the last 1/3 of gestation may impact the fetus, potentially affecting future reproductive and feedlot performance.
Feeding increased concentrations of distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) has been avoided due to concerns about sulfur toxicity. While the causes of polioencephalomalacia (PEM) include high dietary sulfur, lambs fed high concentrations of DDGS appear to be less susceptible to PEM. Lambs appear to be adept to tolerating toxic dietary sulfur concentrations. Determining the mechanisms behind this adaptive advantage is vital to understanding the etiology of PEM. Removing the negative connotations associated with distillers dried grains with solubles will lead to increased utilization of this feed resource in lamb finishing diets. Producers may reduce feed costs without impacting animal health or performance by feeding DDGS at concentrations up to 60% of dietary dry matter.
Neonatal lamb mortality is one of the largest production costs associated lamb production. Strategies to reduce neonatal mortality would have a dramatic impact on the economic viability of the sheep industry. Given the indices of ewe and lamb performance and immune function that we evaluated, the additional cost typically associated with supplements high in zinc, vitamin E, bypass protein, and feed grade antibiotics, were not warranted under our conditions.
High efficiency ewes consumed ~20% less feed than low efficiency ewes but gained at the same rate. During a 30 to 60 day feedlot period this result would represent a substantial cost savings the feeder. " High efficiency ewes consumed ~20% less feed than low efficiency ewes but gained at the same rate. During a 30 to 60 day feedlot period this result would represent a substantial cost savings the feeder.
Producers are depending on lambing crop over 100% to maintain their profitability. Under range lambing conditions this requires a high percentage of twins. Glycerol supplementation has showed increased number of follicles ovulated; however, information is lacking to the number of lamb born per ewe.
Since 2002, annual Education Days have been held in various locations throughout Utah to present timely production information to sheep and goat producers from throughout the Intermountain states. To date, over 1,800 producers have attended at least one of the events. Producers have come from Utah, Idaho, Wyoming, Nevada, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado and Nebraska to attend the events.