NRSPOLD6: Inter-Regional Potato Introduction Project

(National Research Support Project Summary)

Status: Inactive/Terminating

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SAES-422 Reports

Annual/Termination Reports:

[03/20/2003] [08/19/2003] [02/07/2005] [08/29/2005]

Date of Annual Report: 03/20/2003

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 06/03/2002 - 06/04/2002
Period the Report Covers: 01/01/2002 - 12/01/2002

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Participants Attachment:

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Brief Summary of Minutes

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Accomplishments

A. Introduction of New Stocks Dr. Bamberg, accompanied by Charles Fernandez (US Potato Genebank); Dr. Chuck Brown (USDA, Prosser WA); and Dr. Joe Pavek (USDA, Retired), participated in a successful expedition to the southwest United States and obtained 19 new accessions for the collaborative intergenebank research project, and collected additional populations for screening of Columbia root-knot nematode. A total of 73 seed accessions were assigned PI numbers in 2002: 16 from Russia, 27 from Poland, 11 from Bolivia, and 19 from the SW United States. Six clonal accessions were assigned PI numbers in 2002: 4 from Mexico, 1 from Poland, and 1 from Bolivia. These accessions are now available from the NRSP-6 Solanum germplasm collection. B. Preservation and Increase of Stocks In 2002, a total of 91 accessions were increased as botanical seed populations. A total of 600 potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) tests were performed on seed increase parents, seed lots and research materials. Germination tests were performed on 1,106 accessions; ploidy determinations were made on 30 accessions. Research continues on the use of 2,4-D on pollinated flowers to help with fruit retention and seed production. Growth retardants are being assessed for use as tuber and flower promoters in the wild species and as a method to control plant height in greenhouse and screenhouse-grown plants for crossing. The Association of Potato Intergenebank Collaborators (APIC) constructed a database of all wild potato holdings of the potato genebanks in Argentina, Europe, Peru, and the United States. The Intergenebank Potato Database (IPD) (www.potgenebank.org/ipd/) continues to be a very useful resource for clientele around the world. Dr. Alfonso del Rio represented NRSP-6 at the APIC meeting in Hamburg, Germany. A study was completed comparing germplasm from the Russian (VIR) and United States (NRSP-6) duplicate accessions. Most are significantly different. Work continues on comparisons between US and CIP collections. The next step in the study will be to look at DNA comparisons to variation in trait expression or frequency between intergenebank seedlots. Work continued with Dr. C. Millers lab screening for antioxidants in uncolored wild potato species tubers. Previous screening among species identified ones with promising levels of tuber antioxidant capacity. Some diploid Mexican species seem to have high antioxidant in common: S. cardiophyllum, S. jamesii, and S. pinnatisectum. These and other species were retested with multiple PIs. Variation within promising PIs was also studied. Only S. pinnatisectum demonstrated particularly consistent high levels within populations. Cold resistant breeding work continues with recurrent selection of S. tuberosum, S. acaule and S. commersonii hybrids. Materials are now maturing earlier with the introgression of very early varieties and which survive in vitro leaf freezing to 5oC. Selections were planted at Copic Bay, Oregon area in the summer of 2002. The best selections will be submitted to UW Madison colleagues for more focused lab assessments. Late Blight screening at a field site very close to Lake Michigan (cool temperatures and high humidity) was completed for a second year. In 2001, two highly segregating PIs of S. microdontum 473170 and S. okadae 458367 and their F2 hybrids were tested. There was a 70% correlation with previous results on the same clones at Cornell by Bill Fry, so this local test will be useful to verify resistance of newly imported germplasm. In 2002, Polish, Russian, Mexican and CIP introductions were tested. Geographical parameters and proximity to related species predict genetic variation in the inbred potato species Solanum verrucosum. Such links had not been previously detected in S. fendleri, S. jamesii or S. sucrense. Resolution and fine-tuning to locations may be enhanced by inbreeding and uniformity. The highest correlations to genetic rarity (a populations average genetic difference from all others) were latitude, longitude and proximity to the nearest S. hjertingii population. C. Classification Dr. Spooner continues to resolve problems in taxonomic classification that impede both efficient documentation and use of the germplasm. At present Dr. Spooner, in collaboration with Dr. R van den Berg, Dr. R. Hijmans, and Dr. A. Rodriguez, is working on a book of Wild Potato Species of North and Central America, which will be a valuable tool for germplasm users worldwide. D. Distribution NRSP-6 distributed 3,447 units of seed, 643 tuber families, 919 in vitro stocks and 215 herbarium samples to clientele in 20 states of the United States and 14 other countries. Internally, NRSP-6 used 6,371 units of seed for chromosome counts, germination tests, identification and taxonomic check plantings, in vitro maintenance, seed increases, PSTV tests, and miscellaneous plantings. The volume and types of stocks sent to various consignee categories are summarized in a table available on the full committee copy of the annual report. E. Visitors From Other Countries Ms N. Gomez Panama Dr. P. Anderson Peru Dr. J. Prohens Spain Dr. Y. Hosaka Japan WORK PLANNED FOR 2003 Evaluation experiments will be continued on Solanum species for the following traits: antioxidants, frost hardiness, rooting vigor, tuber calcium, late blight resistance, hormone mutants, and glycoalkaloids. The general objective of NRSP-6, to promote and facilitate potato research and breeding, will be pursued by continuing high quality service with respect to introduction, preservation, classification, evaluation, and distribution of potato germplasm to clients in the U.S. and around the world. APIC intergenebank projects researching the status and dynamics of genetic diversity in the collection using RAPDs and strengthening ties with sister genebanks around the world will be continued.

Publications

del Rio, A.H. and J.B. Bamberg. 2002. Lack of association between genetic and geographic origin characteristics for the wild potato Solanum sucrense Hawkes. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:335-338. Hijmans, R.J., D.M. Spooner, A.R. Salas, A. Guarino, and J. de la Cruz. 2002. Atlas of wild potatoes. Systematic and Ecogeographic Studies on Crop Genepools, International Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Rome 10:i-ix, 1-129. Huaman, Z. and D.M. Spooner. 2002. Reclassification of landrace populations of cultivated potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota). Am. J. Bot. 89:947-965. Raker, C. and D.M. Spooner. 2002. The Chilean tetraploid cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum, is distinct from the Andean populations; microsatellite data. Crop Sci. 42:1451-1458. Rodriguez, A. and D.M. Spooner. 2002. Subspecies boundaries of the wild potatoes Solanum bulbocastanum and S. cardiophyllum based on morphological and nuclear RFLP data. Acta Mexicana 61:9-25. Spooner, D.M. 2002. Strengths and weaknesses of molecular markers for studies of diversity in genebank holdings. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on: Aplicaciones de los marcadores moleculares en la conservacion y manejo de la agrobiodiversidad, International Potato Center, CIP, Lima, Peru. Spooner, D.M., R.G. van den Berg, G. Bryan, and A. del Rio. 2002. Reduction of species in the wild potato Solanum section Petota series Longipedicellata: AFLP, RAPD and chloroplast SSR data. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, pp. 114-115. (Abstract) van den Berg, R.G., G. Bryan, A. del Rio, and D.M. Spooner. 2002. Reduction of species in the wild potato Solanum section Petota series Longipedicellata: AFLP, RAPD and chloroplast SSR data. Theor. Appl. Genet. 105:1109-1114. Adams, J.S. 2002. Banking on Genes: Preserving the traits of today for the potato of tomorrow. Potato Grower (November): 26-28. Ahn Yul-Kyun, Bo-Sun Kim, Jae-Wook Bang, and Hyo-Guen Park. 2002. Cytogenetic analysis of somatic hybrids between Solanum brevidens and S. tuberosum (Superior, Dejima, and dihaploid of Superior) by GISH. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 110. (Abstract) Audy, Patrice, Richard Tarn, and Agnes Murphy. 2002. Identification of a differential gene expression pattern related to resistance to potato late blight. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, pp. 110-111. (Abstract) Barone, A., J. Li, A. Sebastiano, T. Cardi, and L. Frusciante. 2002. Evidence for tetrasomic inheritance in a tetraploid Solanum commersonii (+) S. tuberosum somatic hybrid through the use of molecular markers. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104(4):539-546. Ballvora, A., M.R. Ercolano, J. Weiss, K. Meksem, C.A. Bormann, P. Orberhagemann, F. Salamini, and C. Gebhardt. 2002. The R1 gene for potato resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) belongs to the leucine zipper/NBS/LRR class of plant resistance genes. Plant J. 30(3):361-371. Bisognin, D.A., D.S. Douches, K. Jastrzebski, and W.W. Kirk. 2002. Half-sib progeny evaluation and selection of potatoes resistant to the US8 genotype of Phytophthora infestans from crosses between resistant and susceptible parents. Euphytica 125(1):129-138. Boluarte-Medina, T. and R.E. Veilleux. 2002. Phenotypic characterization and bulk segregant analysis of anther culture response in two backcross families of diploid potato. RAPD markers for androgenesis in potato. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 68(3):277-286. Boluarte-Medina, T., E. Fogelman, E. Chani, A.R. Miller, I. Levin, D. Levy, and R.E. Veilleux. 2002. Identification of molecular markers associated with leptine in reciprocal backcross families of diploid potato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 105:1010-1018. Bonierbale, M., J. Landeo, and M. Ghislain. 2002. Targeted breeding for sustainable production in a global potato improvement. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 110. (Abstract) Bradeen, J.M., S.K. Naess, J. Song, S.M. Wielgus, and G.T. Haberlach. 2002. Analysis of 300kb of genomic sequence associated with late blight resistance of potato. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 117. (Abstract) Brown, C.R., H. Mojtahedi, and G.S. Santo. 2002. Characteristics of resistance to Columbia root-knot nematode introgressed from several Mexican and North American wild potato species. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 116. (Abstract) Bryan, G.J., K. McLean, J.E. Bradshaw, W.S. de Jong, M. Phillips, L. Castelli, and R. Waugh. 2002. Mapping QTLs for resistance to the cyst nematode Globodera pallida derived from the wild potato species Solanum vernei. Theor. Appl. Genet. 105(1):68-77. Bu QingYun, Lu WenHe, Chen YiLi, Tian XingYa, Wang FengYi, and Qin Xin. 2002. Evaluation of some newly developed diploid hybrids and their breeding value in 4x-2x crosses. J. NE Ag. Univ. (English Edition) 9(1):35-41. Capo, A., M. Cammareri, F. Della Rocca, A. Errico, A. Zoina, and C. Conicella. 2002. Evaluation for chipping and tuber soft rot (Erwinia carotovora) resistance in potato clones from unilateral sexual polyploidization (2x x 4x). Am. J. Potato Res. 79:139-145. Cardi, T., M. Mazzei, and L. Frusciante. 2002. Field variation in a tetraploid progeny derived by selfing a Solanum commersonii (+) S. tuberosum somatic hybrid: a multivariate analysis. Euphytica 124(1):111-119. Carputo, D., L. Frusciante, L. Monti, M. Parisi, and A. Barone. 2002. Tuber quality and soft rot resistance of hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and the incongruent wild relative S. commersonii. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:345-352. Chani, E., V. Ashkenazi, J. Hillel, and R.E. Veilleux. 2002. Microsatellite marker analysis of an anther-derived potato family: skewed segregation and gene-centromere mapping. Genome 45:236-242. Christ, B.J., K.G. Haynes, and B.T. Vinyard. 2002. Inheritance of early blight resistance from open-pollinated 4x-2x potato hybrids. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:403-410. Coffin, R.H., J. Coffin, R. Singh, X. Nie, and R.Y. Yada. 2002. Potato breeding at the cross roads options to consider. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, pp. 115-116. (Abstract) Cook, R. and G.R. Noel. 2002. Cyst nematodes: Globodera and Heterodera species. In: Plant resistance to parasitic nematodes [J.L. Starr, R. Cook, and J. Bridge, Eds.]. CABI Publishing 71-105. Coombs, J.J., D.S. Douches, Li Wenbin, E.J. Grafius, and W.L. Pett. 2002. Combining engineered (Bt-cry3A) and natural resistance mechanisms in potato for control of Colorado potato beetle. J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 127(1):62-68. Costanzo, S., B.J. Christ, and K.G. Haynes. 2002. Construction of a molecular linkage map of diploid potato hybrid (Solanum phureja x S. stenotomum) for identification of QTLs involved in late blight resistance. Presented at 86th Annual PAA Meeting, XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002. (Abstract) Culley, D.E., B.B. Dean, and C.R. Brown. 2002. Introgression of the low browning trait from the wild Mexican species Solanum hjertingii into cultivated potato (S. tuberosum L.). Euphytica 125(3):293-303. Davies, C.S., M.J. Ottman, and S.J. Peloquin. 2002. Can germplasm resources be used to increase the ascorbic acid content of stored potatoes? Am. J. Potato Res. 79:295-299. DeJong, W., N. Eannetta, D. DeJong, M. Bodis, and Chun Suk Jung. 2002. Candidate gene analysis of loci controlling natural variation for potato skin color. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 111. (Abstract) Dinu, I.I. and C.A. Thill. 2002. Cytological analysis of a S. pinnatisectum S. tuberosum bridging genotype developed by EBN manipulation and sexual crosses. Presented at 86th Annual PAA Meeting, XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002. Am. J. Potato Res.: In Press. (Abstract) Douches, D., K. Felcher, J. Coombs, and W. Kirk. 2002. Field evaluation of foliar resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 117. (Abstract) Fisher, D.G., K.L. Deahl, and M.V. Rainforth. 2002. Horizontal resistance in Solanum tuberosum to Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say). Am. J. Potato Res. 79:281-293. Gauer, P.C., J. Gopal, S.K. Pandey, and M.S. Rana. 2002. EX/A680-16 (reg. No. INGR 01011) potato. Indian J. Genet. Pl. Breed. 62(1):94. Golmirzaie, A. and R. Ortiz. 2002. Inbreeding and true seed in tetrasomic potato. III. Early selection for seedling vigor in open-pollinated populations. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104(1):157-160. Groza, H.I., B.D. Bowen, D. Kichefski, S.J. Peloquin, and J. Jiang. 2002. Red Companion: A new red potato variety for fresh market. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:133-137. Grunwald, N.J., M.A. Cadena Hinojosa, O. Rubio Covarrubias, A. Rivera Pena, J.S. Niederhauser, and W.E. Fry. 2002. Potato cultivars from the Mexican National Program: sources and durability of resistance against late blight. Phytopathology 92(7):688-693. Hayes, R.J. and C.A. Thill. 2002. Co-current introgression of economically important traits in a potato-breeding program. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:173-181. Hayes, R.J. and C.A. Thill. 2002. Introgression of cold (4 C) chipping from 2x (2 Endosperm Balance Number) potato species into 4x (4EBN) cultivated potato using sexual polyploidization. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:421-431. Hayes, R.J. and C.A. Thill. 2002. Selection for cold chipping genotypes from three early generations in a potato breeding program. Euphytica 128:353-362. Hayes, R.J. and C.A. Thill. 2002. Selection for potato genotypes from diverse progenies that combine 4 C chipping with acceptable yields, specific gravity and tuber appearance. Crop Sci. 42:1343-1349. Hayes, R.J. and C.A. Thill. 2002. Early generation selection to rapidly develop cold chipping germplasm. Presented at 86th Annual PAA Meeting, XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 121. (Abstract) Haynes, K.G., B.J. Christ, P.D. Weingartner, D.S. Douches, C.A. Thill, G. Secor, W.E. Fry, and D.H. Lambert. 2002. Foliar resistance to late blight in potato clones evaluated in national trials in 1997. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:451-457. Helgeson, J.P. and G.T. Haberlach. 2002. Useful lessons learned from somatic hybrids. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 122. (Abstract) Hosaka, Kazuyoshi. 2002. Distribution of the 241 bp deletion of chloroplast DNA in wild potato species. Am. J. Potato Res. 79-119-123. Jansky, S.H. and D.I. Rouse. 2002. Variability for disease resistance in populations of potato haploids. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 118. (Abstract) Kimura, T. and K. Hosaka. 2002. Genetic mapping of a dwarfing gene found in Solanum phureja clone 1.22. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:201-204. Kuhl, J.C., M.J. Havey, and R.E. Hanneman, Jr. 2002. A genetic study of unilateral incompatibility between diploid (1EBN) Mexican species Solanum pinnatisectum and S. cardiophyllum subsp. cardiophyllum. Sexual Plant Reproduction 14(6):305-313. Liedberg, J. and J. Lorenzen. 2002. Resistance to PLRV and PVY in progeny of S. tuberosum fusions. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 118. (Abstract) Lightbourn, G. and R.E. Veilleux. 2002. Retrotransposon based markers to characterize somatic hybrids and assess variation induced by protoplast fusion of monoploid potato. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 112. (Abstract) Lim, Hak-Tae, Kuihua Li, and Yilan Fang. 2002. Development of potato varieties as healthy foods with high biological function. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, pp. 133-134. (Abstract) Love, S.L., R. Novy, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, R.E. Thornton, S.R. James, and D.C. Hane. 2002. Gem Russet: A long russet potato variety with excellent fresh market and french fry processing quality. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:25-31. Love, S.L., D.L. Corsini, R. Novy, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, R.E. Thornton, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, and K.A. Rykbost. 2002. IdaRose: A potato variety with bright red skin, excellent culinary quality, and long tuber dormancy. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:79-84. Love, S.L., T. Salaiz, B. Shafii, W.J. Price, A.R. Mosley, and R.E. Thornton. 2002. Ascorbic acid content and stability in North American potato germplasm. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 115. (Abstract) Lu, W., K. Haynes, E. Wiley, and B. Clevidence. 2002. Carotenoid contents in leaves and tubers of yellow-fleshed diploid potatoes. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 112. (Abstract) Markarov, A.M. 2002. Causes of flowering of long-day potato species under short-day and cold-night conditions. Russian J. Plant Phys. 49(4):465-469. McCue, K.F., D.L. Corsini, L.V.T. Shepherd, C.P. Moehs, P. Joyce, H. Davies, and W.R. Belknap. 2002. Reduction of total steroidal glycoalkaloids in potato tubers using antisense constructs of a gene encoding a solanidine glucosyl transferase. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 115. (Abstract) McGrath, J.M., C.E. Williams, G.T. Haberlach, S.M. Wielgus, T.F. Uchytil, and J.P. Helgeson. 2002. Introgression and stabilization of Erwinia soft rot resistance into potato after somatic hybridization of Solanum tuberosum and S. brevidens. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:19-24. McGregor, C.E., R. van Treuren, R. Hoekstra, and T.J.L. van Hintum. 2002. Analysis of the wild potato germplasm of the series Acaulia with AFLPs: implications for ex situ conservation. Theor. Appl. Genet. 104(1):146-156. Miller, A.R., J.C. Jang, and N.J. Flickinger. 2002. The effect of commercial brassinosteroid on growth and steroidal glycoalkaloid content of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) and S. chacoense grown in vitro. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 127. (Abstract) Mollov, D.S. and C.A. Thill. 2002. Identifying PVY asymptomatic clones in 4x and 2x breeding populations. Presented at 86th Annual PAA Meeting, XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada August 11-17, 2002, p 119. (Abstract) Murphy, A., R. Tarn, H. DeJong, W. Arsenault, and G.C.C. Tai. 2002. AC Sunbury: A new light yellow-fleshed medium early table potato cultivar with resistance to golden cyst nematode. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:397-402. Nakagawa, K. and K. Hosaka. 2002. Species relationships between a wild tetraploid potato species, Solanum acaule Bitter, and its related species as revealed by RFLPs of chloroplast and nuclear DNA. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:85-98. Novy, R.G., D.L. Corsini, S.L. Love, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.C. Shock, K.A. Rykbost, C.R. Brown, and R.E. Thornton. 2002. Bannock Russet: A dual-purpose, russet potato cultivar with high U.S. No. 1 yield and multiple disease resistances. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:147-153. Novy, R.G., A. Nasruddin, D.W. Ragsdale, and E.B. Radcliffe. 2002. Genetic resistances to potato leafroll virus, potato virus Y, and green peach aphid in progeny of S. etuberosum. 15th Triennial Conference of the European Association for Potato Research-Abstracts of Papers and Posters. Supplement 1:82 (Abstract). Novy, R.G., A. Nasruddin, D.W. Ragsdale, and E.B. Radcliffe. 2002. Genetic resistances to potato leafroll virus (PLRV), potato virus Y (PVY), and green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) in progeny of Solanum etuberosum. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:9-18. OBrien, M., C. Bertrand, and D.P. Matton. 2002. Characterization of a fertilization-induced and developmentally regulated plasma-membrane aquaporin expressed in reproductive tissues, in the wild potato Solanum chacoense Bitt. Planta 215(3):485-493. Oltmans, S.M. and R.G. Novy. 2002. Identification of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) haploid x wild species hybrids with the capacity to cold-chip. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:263-268. Park, Young Eun, Hyun Mook Cho, Kwan Soo Kim, and Hak Tae Lim. 2002. Development of useful breeding resources in several wild species of potatoes based on the analysis of specific gravity and reducing sugar content. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, pp. 112-113. (Abstract) Park, Young Eun, Hyun Mook Cho, Kwan Soo Kim, Jung Yool Yi, and Hak Tae Lim. 2002. Evaluation on specific gravity and glucose content of potato germplasms. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 113. (Abstract) Pelletier, Y. 2002. Colorado potato beetle resistance to insecticides. Potato Conference and Trade Show, Perth-Andover, New Brunswick, Canada, February 6-7. Pelletier, Y. and C.L. Clark. 2002. Use of reciprocal grafting to elucidate the mode of resistance of wild Solanum species to the Colorado potato beetle and the potato aphid. Annual meeting of the Entomological Society of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, Nov 5-9. (Poster) Pelletier, Y. and J. Dutheil. 2002. Study of the mechanism of resistance of Solanum tarijense to the Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say). North East Potato Technology Forum, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, March 11-22. Pelletier, Y., Magali Breton and Florent Courtin. 2002. Sampling methods and resistance of wild Solanum species to the potato flea beetle. North East Potato Technology Forum, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, March 11-22. Pelletier, Y., C.L. Clark, J. Embleton, and R.R. King. 2002. The chemical nature of the resistance to the Colorado potato beetle of wild potato species. International Plant Resistance to Insects Workshop, Baltimore, MD, February 24-27. Radcliffe, E.B. and D.W. Ragsdale. 2002. Aphid-transmitted potato viruses: the importance of understanding vector biology. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:353-386. Rivera-Pena, A., M. Cadena-Hinojosa, and H. Almeyda-Leon. 2002. Purple Top: A serious threat on the potato production in Mexico. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, pp. 119-120. (Abstract) Saha, M.C. and J.H. Lorenzen. 2002. Molecular mapping of resistance to late blight and cold sweetening in diploid potatoes. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 113. (Abstract) Samitsu, Y. and K. Hosaka. 2002. Molecular marker analysis of 24- and 25-chromosome plants obtained from Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. andigena (2n=4x=48) pollinated with a Solanum phureja haploid inducer. Genome 45(3):577-583. Sandgren, M., R.L. Plaisted, K.N. Watanabe, S. Olsson, and J.P.T. Valkonen. 2002. Evaluation of some North and South American potato breeding lines for resistance to Potato mop-top virus in Sweden. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:205-210. Simko, Ivan. 2002. Comparative analysis of quantitative trait loci for foliage resistance to Phytophthora infestans in tuber-bearing Solanum species. Am. J. Potato Res. 79:125-132. Smith, S.D. and I.E. Peralta. 2002. Ecogeographic surveys as tools for analyzing potential reproductive isolating mechanisms: an example using Solanum juglandifolium Dunal, S. ochranthum Dunal, S. lycopersicoides Dunal, and S. sitiens I. M. Johnston. Taxon. 51(2):341-349. Sowokinos, J.R., S.K. Gupta, and C.A. Thill. 2002. Characterization and distribution of unique isozymes of UDP-Glc pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) in potato clones that resist sweetening when subjected to cold stress. XV Triennial Conference of the European Association for Potato Research. Hamburg, Germany, EAPR:160. Stupar, R.M., J. Song, A.L. Tek, Z.K. Cheng, F. Dong, and J. Jiang. 2002. Highly condensed potato pericentromeric heterochromatin contains rDNA-related tandem repeats. Genetics 162:1435-1444. Tarn, T.R., A.M. Murphy, K.G. Proudfoot, D.H. Wilson, and V.J. Burns. 2002. Multiple resistance to diseases in an elite population of long-day adapted Andigena potatoes. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 122. (Abstract) Thill, C.A. and R.J. Hayes. 2002. Comparison of selection methods for 4C chipping genotypes in early breeding generations. XV Triennial Conference of the European Association for Potato Research. Hamburg, Germany, EAPR:299. Thill, C.A., D.S. Mollov, E.B. Radcliffe, and D.W. Ragsdale. 2002. The identification of resistance to PLRV and PVY in progenies of 5-species interspecific potato hybrids. XV Triennial Conference of the European Association for Potato Research. Hamburg, Germany, EAPR:300. Thill, C.A. and J.R. Sowokinos. 2002. Segregation of isozymes of UGPase and relationship to cold sweetening resistance in 2x and 4x potato progenies. XV Triennial Conference of the European Association for Potato Research. Hamburg, Germany, EAPR:59. Thill, C.A., J.R. Sowokinos, and R.J. Hayes. 2002. Variation for isozymes of UGPase in 4x potatoes and its relationship to cold sweetening resistance in 4x progenies from bilateral polyploidization. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 115. (Abstract) Thill, C.A. and D.C. Zlesak. 2002. Phytophthora infestans (US-8, A2) resistance in 1,2 and 4EBN Solanum germplasm and gene introgression into adapted 4x S. tuberosum germplasm. XV Triennial Conference of the European Association for Potato Research. Hamburg, Germany, EAPR:117. Tinjaca, Sonia, N. Estrada and C.E. Nustez. 2002. Evaluacion de la resistencia a Phytophthora infestans y otros caracteres agronomicos en clones interspecificos provenientes de S. avilesii, S. iopetalum, S. stoloniferum y S. tarijense X especies diploids cultivadas de papa. XXI Reunion de la asociacion Latino Americana de Papa (ALAP). Quito, Ecuador, Junio 2-7, 2002. Tinjaca, Sonia, N. Estrada and C.E. Nustez. 2002. Evaluacion de progenies derivadas de cruzamientos entre S. infundibuliforme y especies diploids cultivadas de papa. XXI Reunion de la asociacion Latino Americana de Papa (ALAP). Quito, Ecuador, Junio 2-7, 2002. Trognitz, F., P. Manosalva, R. Gysin, D. Nino-Liu, R. Simon, M. del R. Herrera, B. Trognitz, M. Ghislain, and R. Nelson. 2002. Plant defense genes associated with quantitative resistance to potato late blight in Solanum phureja x Dihaploid S. tuberosum hybrids. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 15(6):587-597. Turner, S.J. and C.C. Fleming. 2002. Multiple selection of potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida virulence on a range of potato species. I. Serial selection on Solanum-hybrids. European J. Plant Path. 108(5):461-467. Wang-Pruski, G., 2002. Genetic and environmental interactions affecting potato after-cooking darkening. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, pp. 113-114. (Abstract) Wulff, E., E. Gonzales-Vigil, J.A. Ortega, S. Munive, E. Mihovilovich, W. Perez, and M. Bonierbale. 2002. Comparative analysis of new sources of late blight resistance using phenotypic and molecular genetic approaches. XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p. 110. (Abstract) Zhang, R., B.J. Christ, and K.G. Haynes. 2002. Mapping early blight resistance in a diploid hybrid potato population of Solanum phureja x S. stenotomum. Presented at 86th Annual PAA Meeting, XXVIth International Horticultural Congress, Toronto, ON, Canada, August 11-17, 2002, p 111. (Abstract) Zlesak, D.C. and C.A. Thill. 2002. Variation for 2n pollen production and male fertility in wild Solanum germplasm resistant to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (US-8). Am. J. Potato Res. 79:219-229. Posch, D.M. 2002. Breeding for Phytophthora infestans resistance by selecting progenies in the first clonal generation of potato breeding. M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota. Hayes, R.J. 2002. Breeding for cold chipping potato cultivars through sexual polyploidization and early generation selection. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Minnesota, pp. 173. Varrieur, J.M. 2002. AFLP marker analysis of monoploid potato. M.S. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg. Additional publications prior to 2002 which reported the use of NRSP-6 Solanum introductions this year were reported on the full committee copy of the annual report.

Impact Statements

NRSP-6's purpose is to provide a ready source of raw materials, technology and information to support potato enhancement, breeding and research in the US and around the world. Thus, one way the success of NRSP-6 can be measured is by the use of NRSP-6 germplasm in the pedigrees of new, improved potato cultivars. Another is in the use of NRSP-6 stocks in more basic research programs, which also ultimately contribute to human utilization of the potato crop, these being reflected in publications
Five cultivar releases were published in the American Journal of Potato Research in 2002: AC Sunbury, IdaRose, Red Companion, Gem Russet, and Bannock Russet. All are known to have wild species in their pedigrees.
Publications included 124 papers, 32 abstracts, 1 poster, and 3 theses which report the use of NRSP-6 Solanum introductions this year.

Date of Annual Report: 08/19/2003

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 06/17/2003 - 06/18/2003
Period the Report Covers: 06/01/2002 - 06/01/2003

Participants

Attending: Al Mosley (Chair), C.Y. Hu, Chuck Brown (Vice-chair), Steve Slack, Dave Douches (Secretary), Creighton Miller, Allan Stoner, David Spooner, Walter DeJong, Max Martin, John Bamberg, Steve Riley and Joe Coombs (MSU guest)

Brief Summary of Minutes

Minutes Attachment:

Attachment

Accomplishments

PROGRESS AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS A. Introduction of New Stocks Dr. Bamberg and Charles Fernandez (US Potato Genebank) had a successful expedition to the southwest United States and obtained four new accessions of Solanum jamesii. They explored the Northwest corner of Arizona and found the first potato germplasm from Mojave County, two new collections at previous herbarium record sites near Flagstaff, and a new site on the south rim of the Grand Canyon. A total of 13 accessions were assigned PI numbers in 2003: two from Sweden, one from Poland, one from Mexico, five from the United Kingdom, and four from the SW United States. These accessions are now available from the NRSP-6 Solanum germplasm collection. Several steps were taken in the past year to promote and educate researchers of NRSP-6?s services and stocks. The NRSP-6 web page (http://www.ars-grin.gov/nr6) has been updated and made more user friendly. Clientele that have ordered from NRSP-6 in the past four years are contacted biannually informing them of new materials that are now available either as true seed, tubers, in vitro plantlets, or herbarium samples. An NRSP-6 informational poster was presented at the PAA and CSSA meetings. A new trifold pamphlet was printed for distribution to school and tour groups and is available on the web page. B. Preservation and Increase of Stocks In 2003, a total of 124 accessions were increased as botanical seed populations. A total of 900 potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) tests were performed on seed increase parents, seedlots and research materials. Germination tests were performed on 1,437 accessions, ploidy determinations were made on 51 accessions, and tetrazolium seed viability tests were done on 101 seedlots. Tetrazolium testing is a new tool to help increase understanding of poor germination on some seedlots. Investigations continue on low germ seedlots, trying different heat treatments and longer GA presoak. A project with NSSL on long-term potato seed viability in different storage systems and methods of prestorage handling was started. The Association of Potato Intergenebank Collaborators (APIC) (visit the APIC database at www.potgenebank.org/ipd/) have several cooperative research projects planned: a graduate student working on an in-situ pollen study at CIP (The International Potato Center), a recessive allele mining study for nematode resistance in S. andigena with Russian (VIR) colleagues, and a completed publication of the screening S. andigena for new sources of nematode resistance in collaboration with Dr. S. Kiru (VIR). Dr. A. Del Rio attended the APIC meeting in Valdivia, Chile in March 2004. Publications of collections and documentation of stocks play an important role in information dissemination. 2003 had two publications of significant importance to the Genebank: Wild Potatoes (Solanum section Petota) of North and Central America, Spooner et al. and A decade of collecting and research on wild potatoes of the Southwest USA, Bamberg et al. Work continued with Dr. C. Miller?s lab screening for antioxidants in uncolored wild potato species tubers. Previous screening among species identified ones with promising levels of tuber antioxidant capacity. Some diploid ?Mexican? species seem to have high antioxidants in common: S. cardiophyllum, S. jamesii, and S. pinnatisectum. Continued fine screening is discovering high levels of antioxidants in species that are crossable to tuberosum and known to have acceptable levels of glycoalkaloids. Screening the minicore collection for the ability to stop or reduce the growth of tumors of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. From a literature search on anti-cancer foods there is evidence that some potato varieties have high levels of proteinase inhibitors known to help in the fight against some forms of cancer. Cold resistant breeding work continues with recurrent selection of S. tuberosum, S. acaule and S. commersonii hybrids. S. commersonii cytoplasm was eliminated as a source of frost resistance in cytoplasmic substitution backcross families. Materials are now maturing earlier with the introgression of very early varieties and which survive in vitro leaf freezing to ?5oC. These samples were tested in the Biotron at Madison using the relative freezing tolerance (RFT) method. The results closely correlate the in vitro leaf-freezing assay. Screening the S. andigena population (170 accessions) for Jelly End with cooperator Dr. Asunta Tompson at North Dakota. Twelve plants per accession were planted in the screenhouse for tuber production, and a parallel planting was done in ND. The screenhouse tubers are planted in Weslaco, TX and will be evaluated in June. High glycoalkaloid levels in the leaves correlates to insect resistance and low levels in the tubers makes them palatable. Continued screening and recurrent selection within accessions for high foliage and low tuber glycoalkaloid levels and generated another cycle of tissue for testing in 2004. A publication entitled ?The Association of Ecogeographic Parameters and Genetic Diversity in S. verrucosum? was completed. Geographical parameters and proximity to related species predict genetic variation in the inbred potato species Solanum verrucosum. Such links had not been previously detected in S. fendleri, S. jamesii or S. sucrense. Resolution and fine-tuning to locations may be enhanced by inbreeding and uniformity. The highest correlations to genetic rarity (a population?s average genetic difference from all others) were latitude, longitude and proximity to the nearest S. hjertingii population. It is habit to select the largest seedlings when transplanting. Does this practice unknowingly cause genetic drift? A comparison of the genetics of small and large seedlings from original seedlots to detect potential selection in the genebank at transplanting was initiated. Several interesting mutants were discovered in the collection this past year that are now being crossed for genetic studies. S. fendleri, typically a purple flowered plant with purple highlights, was found pigmentless. A S. microdontum mutant has a fused sepal. Lucky (S. juzepczukii), a Bolivian variety, had a spontaneous clonal dwarf. C. Classification Dr. Spooner et al. have published Wild Potatoes (Solanum section Petota) of North and Central America. Dr. Spooner continues to resolve problems in taxonomic classification that impede both efficient documentation and use of the germplasm. At present he is working on a use-based classification of varieties. D. Distribution NRSP-6 distributed 8,700 units of seed, 63 tuber families, 943 in vitro stocks, and 153 herbarium samples to clientele in 24 states of the United States and 13 other countries. Internally, NRSP-6 used 2,833 units of seed for chromosome counts, germination tests, identification and taxonomic check plantings, in vitro maintenance, seed increases, PSTV tests, and miscellaneous plantings. The volume and types of stocks sent to various consignee categories are summarized in the table below. VOLUME AND TYPES OF STOCKS DISTRIBUTED Units1 Category S TF TS IVS HERB TOTAL PIs Domestic 7,610 52 2089 634 153 10,538 4,237 Foreign 1,090 11 32 309 0 1442 1151 NRSP-62 2,833 0 0 0 0 2,833 1,457 Total 11,533 63 2,121 943 153 14,813 6,845 1 Types of stocks sent/(number of seeds, tubers or plantlets per standard shipping unit): S= True Seeds/(50), TF= Tuber Families/(10), TS=Tuber Stocks/(3), IVS=In Vitro Stocks/(1), Herbarium/(1). 2 Includes chromosome counts, germination tests, ID and Taxonomic check plantings, in vitro maintenance, seed increases, PSTV tests, miscellaneous plantings, and NSSL seed backup.

Publications

Bamberg, J.B. and A. del Rio. 2003. Hypothetical obscured recessive traits in tetraploid Solanum estimated by RAPDs. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 78. (Abstract) Bamberg, J.B. and A.H. del Rio. 2003. Vulnerability of alleles in the US Potato Genebank extrapolated from RAPDs. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:79-85. Bamberg, J.B., A.H. del Rio, Z. Huaman, S. Vega, M. Martin, A. Salas, J. Pavek, S. Kiru, C. Fernandez, and D.M. Spooner. 2003. A decade of collecting and research on wild potatoes of the Southwest USA. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:159-172. del Rio, A. and J.B. Bamberg. 2003. The effect of genebank seed increase on the genetics of recently collected potato (Solanum) germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:215-218. del Rio, A. and J.B. Bamberg. 2003. Geographical parameters and proximity to related species predict genetic variation in the inbred potato species Solanum verrucosum Schlechtd. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 51. (Abstract) Hijmans, R.J., M. Jacobs, J.B. Bamberg, and D.M. Spooner. 2003. Frost tolerance in wild potato species: Assessing the predictivity of taxonomic, geographic, and ecological factors. Euphytica 130:47-59. Lara-Cabrera, Sabina and David M. Spooner. 2003. Taxonomy of North and Central American diploid wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota, Solanaceae) species: AFLP data. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 51. (Abstract) Moreyra, Rocio, J. Bamberg and A. del Rio. 2003. Genetic consequence of collecting tubers vs. seeds of wild potato species indigenous to the USA. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 50. (Abstract) Spooner, D.M., R.G. van den Berg, A. Rodriguez, J. Bamberg, R.J. Hijmans, and S.I. Lara-Cabrera. 2003. Wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota) of North and Central America. Syst. Bot. Monogr. Vega, S.E., A.H. del Rio, G. Jung, J.B. Bamberg, and J.P. Palta. 2003. Marker-assisted genetic analysis of non-acclimated freezing tolerance and cold acclimation capacity in a backcross Solanum population. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:359-369. B. Journal Articles and Abstracts Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks Andrivon, Didier, Roselyne Corbiere, Jean-Marie Lucas, Claudine Pasco, Jean-Michel Gravoueille, Roland Pelle, Jean-Paul Dantec, and Daniel Ellisseche. 2003. Resistance to Late Blight and Soft Rot in six potato progenies and glycoalkaloid contents in the tubers. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:125-134. Bakker, E., P. Butterbach, J.R. van der Voort, E. van der Vossen, J. van Vliet, J. Bakker, and A. Goverse. 2003. Genetic and physical mapping of homologues of the virus resistance gene Rx1 and the cyst nematode resistance gene Gpa2 in potato. Theor. Applied Genetics 106(8):1524-1531. Barta, E., A. Pintar and S. Pongor. 2002. Repeats with variations: accelerated evolution of the Pin2 family of proteinase inhibitors. Trends in Genetics 18(12):600-603. Berthou, F., A. Kouassi, M. Bossis, J.P. Dantec, M. Eddaoudi, Z. Ferji, R. Pelle, M. Tachzouti, D. Ellisseche, and D. Mugniery. 2003. Enhancing the resistance of the potato to Southern Root-knot Nematodes by using Solanum sparsipilum germplasm. Euphytica 132(1):57-65. Bolvaran, Sonia and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection for resistance to late blight from early generations in a breeding program. University of Minnesota, Department of Horticultural Science. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Bradeen, J.M., S.K. Naess, J. Song, G.T. Haberlach, S.M. Wielgus, C.R. Buell, J. Jiang, and J.P. Helgeson. 2003. Concomitant reiterative BAC walking and fine genetic mapping enable physical map development for the broad-spectrum late blight resistance region, RB. Mol. Genet. Genom. 269(5):603-611. Buso, J.A., F.A.S. Aragao, F.J.B. Reifschneider, L.S. Boiteux, and S.J. Peloquin. 2002. Assessment under short-day conditions of genetic materials derived from three potato breeding strategies: 4x-4x (intra- Tuberosum), 4x-2x (FDR 2n-pollen), and 4x-4x (diplandrous tetraploid). Euphytica 126(3):437-446. Buso, J.A., L.S. Boiteux and S.J. Peloquin. 2003. Tuber yield and quality of 4x-2x (FDR) potato progenies derived from the wild diploid species Solanum berthaultii and Solanum tarijense. Plant Breeding 122(3):229-232. Cantle, S.E. and G. Wang-Pruski. 2003. Identification of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its relationship to after-cooking darkening. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 34. (Abstract) Caromel, B., D. Mugniery, V. Lefebvre, S. Andrzejewski, D. Ellisseche, M.C. Kerlan, P. Rousselle, and F. Rousselle-Bourgeois. 2003. Mapping QTLs for resistance against Globodera pallida (Stone) Pa2/3 in a diploid potato progeny originating from Solanum spegazzinii. Theor. Applied Genetics 106(8):1517-1523. Carputo, D. 2003. Cytological and breeding behavior of pentaploids derived from 3x x 4x crosses in potato. Theor. Applied Genetics 106(5):883-888. Carputo, D., A. Barone, F. Consiglio, M. Ercolano, A. Sebastiano, and L. Frusciante. 2000. Evaluation of tetraploid and diploid potato genotypes suitable for true seed (TPS) production and use. Annali della Facolta di Agraria della Universita degli Studi di Napoli-Federico II, Portici 34:7-14, Napoli, Italy. Carputo, D., L. Frusciante and S.J. Peloquin. 2003. The role of 2n gametes and endosperm balance number in the origin and evolution of polyploids in the tuber-bearing Solanums. Genetics 163(1):287-294. Carputo, D., M. Parisi, F. Consiglio, M. Iovene, G. Caruso, L. Monti, and L. Frusciante. 2003. Aneuploid hybrids from 5x - 4x crosses in potato: chromosome number, fertility, morphology and yield. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:93-101. Chen, Q., L.M. Kawchuk, D.R. Lynch, M.S. Goettel, and D.K. Fujimoto. 2003. Identification of late blight, Colorado potato beetle, and blackleg resistance in three Mexican and two South American wild 2x (1EBN) Solanum species. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:9-19. Coombs, J., D. Douches, S. Cooper, E. Grafius, and W. Pett. 2003. No-choice cage study of glandular trichomes, glycoalkaloids and Bt-Cry3A potato resistance mechanisms for control of Colorado potato beetle. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 58. (Abstract) Cotes, J.J., C.E. Nustez, R. Martinez, and N. Estrada. 2000. Analysis of genotype by environment interaction in potato (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena) by a non-parametric methodology. Agronomia Colombiana 17(1/3):43-48. Daniele, E., J. Dommes and J.F. Hausman. 2003. Carbohydrates and resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato plants. Acta Physio. Plant. 25(2):171-178. DeJong, W., D.M. DeJong and M. Bodis. 2003. An approach to measure allele dosage in autotetraploid potato. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 61. (Abstract) Dinu, I.I. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Endosperm and embryo development in interspecific incompatible Solanum crosses. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 46. (Abstract) Dinu, I.I. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Introgression of wild Solanum species germplasm into cultivated potato gene pool using EBN manipulation and sexual crosses. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Douches, D., K. Felcher, J. Coombs, and W. Kirk. 2003. Field evaluation of foliar resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 51. (Abstract) Douches, D.S., J. Coombs, K. Jastrzebski, R. Hammerschmidt, W.W. Kirk, C. Long, R.W. Chase, and S. Snapp. 2003. Boulder: A round white multipurpose potato variety. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:345-352. Esplin, D.L. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection for cold chipping genotypes in populations derived by sexual polyploidization. Am. J. Potato Res. In press. (Abstract) Esplin, Dave L. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection efficiency for cold chipping potato genotypes in three populations developed via sexual polyploidization. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Evers, D., M. Ghislain, J.F. Hausman, and J. Dommes. 2003. Differential gene expression in two potato lines differing in their resistance to Phytophthora infestans. J. Plant Physiology 160(6):709-712. Ewing, E.E., I. Simko, E.A. Omer, and P.J. Davies. 2003. Polygene mapping as a tool to study the physiology of tuberization and dormancy. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 27. (Abstract) Fischer, L., A. Lovas, Z. Opatrny, and Z. Banfalvi. 2002. Structure and expression of a hybrid proline-rich protein gene in the Solanaceous species, Solanum brevidens, Solanum tuberosum, and Lycopersicum esculentum. J. Plant Physiology 159(11):1271-1275. Flier, W.G., N.J. Grunwald, L.P.N.M. Kroon, A.K. Sturbaum, T.B.M. van den Bosch, E. Garay-Serrano, H. Lozoya-Saldana, W.E. Fry, and L.J. Turkensteen. 2003. The population structure of Phytophthora infestans from the Toluca Valley of Central Mexico suggests genetic differentiation between populations from cultivated potato and wild Solanum spp. Phytopathology 93(4):382-390. Frost, K.E., D.I. Rouse and S.H. Jansky. 2003. Introduction of Verticillium wilt (Vw) resistance into advanced clones via 2x x 4x and 4x x 2x crosses between (2x) S. tuberosum ? wild species hybrids and (4x) potato. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 78. (Abstract) Gao Gang, Qu DongYu, Lian Yong, Jin LiPing, and Feng LanXiang. 2002. A RAPD marker linked to the potato resistance to bacterial wilt. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 32(3):267-271. Gillen, A.M. and R. Novy. 2003. Development of molecular markers for introgression of viral resistance genes from Solanum etuberosum. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 54. (Abstract) Gopal, Jai, Vinod Kumar and S.S. Thakur. 2001. Evaluation of potato germplasm for characters important in true potato seed production. In: National symposium on sustainability of potato revolution in India, Shimla, India, July 31, 200l. (Eds: S.M.P. Khurana, S.K. Pandey). J. Indian Potato Assn. 28(1):11-12. Grunwald, N.J., M.A. Cadena Hinojosa, O. Rubio Covarrubias, A. Rivera Pena, H. Lozoya-Saldana, C.R. Brown, and W.E. Fry. 2003. Resistance in Mexican potato germplasm to late blight is high and durable. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 77. (Abstract) Hane, D.C., A.R. Mosley, S.R. James, K.A. Rykbost, C.C. Shock, S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, R.E. Thornton, B.A. Charlton, E.P. Eldredge, and S. Yilma. 2003. Wallowa Russet: A full season long russet for processing and fresh market. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:289-294. Hannapel, D.J., H. Chen, F.M. Rosin, A. Banerjee, and P.J. Davies. 2003. Molecular controls of tuberization. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 26. (Abstract) Hayes, R.J. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Genetic gain from early generation selection for cold chipping genotypes in potato. Plant Breeding 122:158-163. Hayes, R.J. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection for late blight tuber resistance within foliar resistant genotypes. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 52. (Abstract) Hayes, Ryan J. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Yield, specific gravity and tuber appearance of cold chipping genotypes from 2x x 4x, 4x x 2x, and 4x x 4x crosses using F2 cultivated potato ? wild potato species hybrids and elite 4x x 4x crosses. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Haynes, K.G., R.W. Goth, D.H. Lambert, and B.J. Christ. 2003. Late blight resistance in a tetraploid potato population with horizontal resistance. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 77. (Abstract) Hosaka, K. 2003. T-type chloroplast DNA in Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum was conferred from some populations of S. tarijense Hawkes. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:21-32. Iovene, M., L. Frusciante and D. Carputo. 2002. Shoot regeneration and chromosome doubling in accessions of 2x(1EBN) and 4x(2EBN) wild Solanum species. J. Genet. Breeding 56(2):99-105. Jansky, S.H. and D.I. Rouse. 2003. Multiple disease resistance in potato interspecific hybrids. Plant Disease 87:266-272. Jansky, S.H., D.I. Rouse, E. Mauritz, and J. Clark. 2003. Disease resistance in potato haploids. Acta Horticulturae. In press. Jansky, Shelley, P.J. Kauth and D.I. Rouse. 2003. Inheritance of resistance to potato early dying disease in diploid interspecific hybrids. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 50. (Abstract) Johnson, A.A.T. and R.E. Veilleux. 2003. Integration of transgenes into sexual polyploidization schemes for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Euphytica 133:125-138. Johnson, A.A.T., B.A. Nault and R.E Veilleux. 2003. Transmission of a Bacillus thuringiensis cry3Aa transgene from diploid to tetraploid potato using 4x-2x hybridization: effect of ploidy increase on transgene expression and implications for TPS hybrid production. Plant Breeding 122:223-228. Kumar, Raj and Jai Gopal. 2001. 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Impact Statements

Evaluation experiments will be continued on Solanum species for the following traits: antioxidants, frost hardiness, rooting vigor, tuber calcium, late blight resistance, hormone mutants, proteinase inhibitors, and glycoalkaloids.
Continuing high quality service with respect to introduction, preservation, classification, evaluation, and distribution of potato germplasm to clients in the U.S. and around the world will pursue the general objective of NRSP-6, to promote and facilitate potato research and breeding.
APIC Intergenebank projects researching the status and dynamics of genetic diversity in the collection using RAPDs and strengthening ties with sister genebanks around the world will be continued.

Date of Annual Report: 02/07/2005

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 06/28/2004 - 07/02/2004
Period the Report Covers: 06/01/2003 - 06/01/2004

Participants

Present: J. Bamberg, P. Bretting, C. Brown (Chair), W. De Jong (Secretary), D. Douches (Vice-Chair), S. Jansky, L-S. Lin, T. Nelson, C-Y. Hu, M. Martin, C. Miller, A. Mosley, R. Novy, S. Reiling, W. Roca, J. Schartner, S. Slack, D. Spooner, R. Tarn, A.M. Thro

Brief Summary of Minutes

NRSP-6 (Potato Genebank) Technical Advisory Committee Meeting
Sturgeon Bay,
June 29-30, 2004

Present: J. Bamberg, P. Bretting, C. Brown (Chair), W. De Jong (Secretary), D. Douches (Vice-Chair), S. Jansky, L-S. Lin, T. Nelson, C-Y. Hu, M. Martin, C. Miller, A. Mosley, R. Novy, S. Reiling, W. Roca, J. Schartner, S. Slack, D. Spooner, R. Tarn, A.M. Thro

1. C. Brown called the meeting to order at 8:30 A.M. The meeting agenda was distributed, introductions were made, and announcements were invited. [Thro, Roca, Novy, and Lin were present as part of an external (five year) review of the genebank. They were joined on June 30 by D. Sklarczyk and R. Lower].

2. Minutes of last years TAC meeting were approved without change.

3. Resolutions committee was appointed (C. Miller, D. Douches, and A. Mosley).

4. S. Slack provided general administrative comments. New guidelines have been developed for NRSP projects. Clear intent is to support projects of national significance only for a limited duration. Recent letter from Experiment Station Committee on Organization and Policy (ESCOP), detailing what NRSP-6 would need to demonstrate for continued support (project uniqueness, plan for transition to other funding sources), was discussed at length. Slack drafted a reply letter, received feedback, and will send revised letter to ESCOP. Timetable for project renewal: Outline due in September, full proposal in December. ESCOP decision will be made in March 2005.

Slack suggested Bamberg and Bretting make informational (not sales) presentation to experiment station directors in Sept, so that directors, many of whom have held their position for relatively short periods, can learn of potato genebank activities.

Thro suggested that State directors should be asked: do they wish to support crop genebanks in general? Or should they be supported entirely by ARS? Bretting noted that having CSREES support provided operational flexibility, insofar as it allowed state employees to be hired. The potato genebank is located on state, not federal, property.

At present off-the-top funding provides $160,000 of genebank annual $700,000 budget. ARS and Univ. of WI provide the rest. Bretting noted that all genebanks were once funded 50:50 by federal and state sources, but is currently more like 85:15 federal:state. Added that selling the project as leveraging other sources of funding was most likely to succeed.

Nelson stated that farm bill is more oriented towards environmental than production issues, and would likely assume a nutritional emphasis in the future. These priorities should be reflected in project renewal proposal.

6. Technical advisor comments. Regional reports were distributed by Brown, De Jong, Douches, and Miller. For the benefit of the external review panel members present Brown pointed out that one of the largest users of germplasm for research purposes was the genebank director; Bambergs role is clearly much more than just curator. De Jong asked whether it was worth revisiting longstanding genebank policy of maintaining relatively few clones, as there is increasing interest in heritage varieties by organic growers. Also suggested that it might be wise to place a priority on maintaining varieties that are outstanding other than for a single weakness that could be repaired in the future by transgenic approaches. Miller noted that potato consumption is so high (circa 140 pounds per capita) that even small improvements in nutritional quality could make a significant impact on human health. Accordingly together with Bamberg he is continuing to screen germplasm for high antioxidant activity. Douches observed that the North Central Region has had a long history of studies in potato genetics; many of the several thousand accessions distributed in the NCR during 2003 were again requested for this purpose. The other region that requests very large quantities from the genebank is the Northwest; Mosley noted that 2003 requests for this region had doubled compared to 2002.
Tarn reported that genetic fingerprinting of many blue-fleshed varieties in Fredericton had shown that many were identical; observed the same for some purple skinned/white fleshed clones, and some fingerlings. The Canadian program is also screening for improved nutritional quality (e.g. high antioxidants).

7. Bamberg provided an overview of all genebank activities. Based on recent TAC recommendations has been seeking to increase genebank profile: is working to improve web page, he and M. Martin have made presentations about genebank at annual PAA and Crop Science meetings. His emails to genebank users that describe new material as it becomes available, has increased germplasm requests.

He also discussed 40+ page project renewal proposal at length, received feedback from both TAC and external review panel members.

8. Spooner gave a half-hour slide presentation, summarizing current taxonomic efforts. One finding of interest: both molecular and careful phenotypic analyses are unable to separate many so-called potato species into distinct groups.

9. National program leader Bretting distributed a handout and reported that ARS germplasm units as a whole recently hired 15 more scientists. Implications for germplasm users of International Treaty for Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, as well as the Convention on Biodiversity, are still not completely clear. The most important issues will hopefully be resolved in the coming year. Roca noted that 90% of CIP germplasm was acquired before December 1993, and thus not subject to restrictions on distribution and use.

[Meeting suspended 5 pm, resumed 8:30 on June 30. A delicious fish boil intervened.]

10. Resolutions: the following motions were submitted by the Resolutions committee and unanimously approved by participants.

- Whereas, the NRSP-6 Project is reviewed by CSREES every five years; and

Whereas, the 2004 review was scheduled to overlap with the annual meeting of the NRSP-6 TAC in Sturgeon Bay, WI, in order to provide maximum insight into the workings of the Committee and the Project in general; and

Whereas the Review Team was composed of Dr. Liang-Shiu Lin, Dr. Richard Lower, Dr. Richard Novy, Dr. Willy Roca, Mr. Don Sklaczyk, and Chaired by Dr. Ann Marie Thro;

Therefore, be it resolved that the NRSP-6 TAC express sincere appreciation to the review team members for their time and thoughtful evaluation and suggestions regarding the Project.

- Whereas, Charles (Chico) Fernandez has faithfully served NSRP-6 and the potato industry for more than 25 years; and

Whereas, the National Plant Germplasm System recognized his dedicated and insightful contributions to the collection, maintenance and characterization of potato genetic resources by presenting him with the 2004 NPGS Special Achievement Award and cash prize of $2,000,

Therefore, be it resolved that NRSP-6 personnel and members to the TAC warmly congratulate Charles, on this auspicious occasion and express sincere appreciation for his continuing efforts in promoting NRSP-6 goals relative to germplasm characterization, preservation and distribution.

- Whereas, John Bamberg, David Spooner, Jesse Schartner, Max Martin, Sheila Stoneman, Alfonso del Rio, Charles Fernandez and Adele Douglass perform necessary maintenance, conduct original research, collect new germplasm, provide leadership relative to primitive cultivars and wild species, and distribute germplasm without restriction to US scientists and the world at large, and

Whereas, these activities are conducted in an exemplary fashion and as an altruistic service to the scientific establishment and the world at large,

Therefore, be it resolved that we express our appreciation to this elite team of professionals who have made the NRSP-6 a highly respected premiere genebank throughout the potato world.

- Whereas, Dr. John Bamberg and his staff hosted the 2004 meeting of the NRSP-6 in Sturgeon Bay, WI, June 29-30, 2004; and

Whereas, the NRSP-6 staff arranged the excellent meeting facilities, refreshments and accommodations; and

Whereas, the committee is most appreciative of the social and whitefish dinner arranged by the NRSP-6 staff;

Therefore, be it resolved that the NRSP-6 TAC express sincere thanks to the staff for arranging a highly successful and productive meeting.

- Whereas, NRSP-6 personnel prepared materials documenting seven years of progress in collecting, evaluating, distributing, and preserving potato germplasm; and

Whereas, project leader John Bamberg and staff created and nurtured a forum conducive to open, objective exchange of ideas intended to enhance germplasm availability and utilization, and;

Whereas members of the 2004 CSREES review team effectively used all aforementioned materials and available human resources in formulating steps assuring the continued success of NRSP-6 plans and aspirations;

Therefore be it resolved that members of the NRSP-6 TAC express sincere appreciation to all persons present for their dedicated efforts in furthering potato germplasm usage.

11. Officers for coming year:
Secretary: C. Miller
Vice-Chair: W. De Jong
Chair: D. Douches

12. Venue for 2005: Oregon, precise site TBA. A. Mosley hosting. Late June or early July.

13. Meeting adjourned 9:10 am, June 30. Tour of facilities followed.

Accomplishments

PROGRESS AND PRINCIPAL ACCOMPLISHMENTS A. Introduction of New Stocks Dr. Bamberg and Charles Fernandez (US Potato Genebank) had a successful expedition to the southwest United States and obtained four new accessions of Solanum jamesii. They explored the Northwest corner of Arizona and found the first potato germplasm from Mojave County, two new collections at previous herbarium record sites near Flagstaff, and a new site on the south rim of the Grand Canyon. A total of 13 accessions were assigned PI numbers in 2003: two from Sweden, one from Poland, one from Mexico, five from the United Kingdom, and four from the SW United States. These accessions are now available from the NRSP-6 Solanum germplasm collection. Several steps were taken in the past year to promote and educate researchers of NRSP-6s services and stocks. The NRSP-6 web page (http://www.ars-grin.gov/nr6) has been updated and made more user friendly. Clientele that have ordered from NRSP-6 in the past four years are contacted biannually informing them of new materials that are now available either as true seed, tubers, in vitro plantlets, or herbarium samples. An NRSP-6 informational poster was presented at the PAA and CSSA meetings. A new trifold pamphlet was printed for distribution to school and tour groups and is available on the web page. B. Preservation and Increase of Stocks In 2003, a total of 124 accessions were increased as botanical seed populations. A total of 900 potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) tests were performed on seed increase parents, seedlots and research materials. Germination tests were performed on 1,437 accessions, ploidy determinations were made on 51 accessions, and tetrazolium seed viability tests were done on 101 seedlots. Tetrazolium testing is a new tool to help increase understanding of poor germination on some seedlots. Investigations continue on low germ seedlots, trying different heat treatments and longer GA presoak. A project with NSSL on long-term potato seed viability in different storage systems and methods of prestorage handling was started. The Association of Potato Intergenebank Collaborators (APIC) (visit the APIC database at www.potgenebank.org/ipd/) have several cooperative research projects planned: a graduate student working on an in-situ pollen study at CIP (The International Potato Center), a recessive allele mining study for nematode resistance in S. andigena with Russian (VIR) colleagues, and a completed publication of the screening S. andigena for new sources of nematode resistance in collaboration with Dr. S. Kiru (VIR). Dr. A. Del Rio attended the APIC meeting in Valdivia, Chile in March 2004. Publications of collections and documentation of stocks play an important role in information dissemination. 2003 had two publications of significant importance to the Genebank: Wild Potatoes (Solanum section Petota) of North and Central America, Spooner et al. and A decade of collecting and research on wild potatoes of the Southwest USA, Bamberg et al. Work continued with Dr. C. Millers lab screening for antioxidants in uncolored wild potato species tubers. Previous screening among species identified ones with promising levels of tuber antioxidant capacity. Some diploid Mexican species seem to have high antioxidants in common: S. cardiophyllum, S. jamesii, and S. pinnatisectum. Continued fine screening is discovering high levels of antioxidants in species that are crossable to tuberosum and known to have acceptable levels of glycoalkaloids. Screening the minicore collection for the ability to stop or reduce the growth of tumors of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. From a literature search on anti-cancer foods there is evidence that some potato varieties have high levels of proteinase inhibitors known to help in the fight against some forms of cancer. Cold resistant breeding work continues with recurrent selection of S. tuberosum, S. acaule and S. commersonii hybrids. S. commersonii cytoplasm was eliminated as a source of frost resistance in cytoplasmic substitution backcross families. Materials are now maturing earlier with the introgression of very early varieties and which survive in vitro leaf freezing to 5oC. These samples were tested in the Biotron at Madison using the relative freezing tolerance (RFT) method. The results closely correlate the in vitro leaf-freezing assay. Screening the S. andigena population (170 accessions) for Jelly End with cooperator Dr. Asunta Tompson at North Dakota. Twelve plants per accession were planted in the screenhouse for tuber production, and a parallel planting was done in ND. The screenhouse tubers are planted in Weslaco, TX and will be evaluated in June. High glycoalkaloid levels in the leaves correlates to insect resistance and low levels in the tubers makes them palatable. Continued screening and recurrent selection within accessions for high foliage and low tuber glycoalkaloid levels and generated another cycle of tissue for testing in 2004. A publication entitled The Association of Ecogeographic Parameters and Genetic Diversity in S. verrucosum was completed. Geographical parameters and proximity to related species predict genetic variation in the inbred potato species Solanum verrucosum. Such links had not been previously detected in S. fendleri, S. jamesii or S. sucrense. Resolution and fine-tuning to locations may be enhanced by inbreeding and uniformity. The highest correlations to genetic rarity (a populations average genetic difference from all others) were latitude, longitude and proximity to the nearest S. hjertingii population. It is habit to select the largest seedlings when transplanting. Does this practice unknowingly cause genetic drift? A comparison of the genetics of small and large seedlings from original seedlots to detect potential selection in the genebank at transplanting was initiated. Several interesting mutants were discovered in the collection this past year that are now being crossed for genetic studies. S. fendleri, typically a purple flowered plant with purple highlights, was found pigmentless. A S. microdontum mutant has a fused sepal. Lucky (S. juzepczukii), a Bolivian variety, had a spontaneous clonal dwarf. C. Classification Dr. Spooner et al. have published Wild Potatoes (Solanum section Petota) of North and Central America. Dr. Spooner continues to resolve problems in taxonomic classification that impede both efficient documentation and use of the germplasm. At present he is working on a use-based classification of varieties. D. Distribution NRSP-6 distributed 8,700 units of seed, 63 tuber families, 943 in vitro stocks, and 153 herbarium samples to clientele in 24 states of the United States and 13 other countries. Internally, NRSP-6 used 2,833 units of seed for chromosome counts, germination tests, identification and taxonomic check plantings, in vitro maintenance, seed increases, PSTV tests, and miscellaneous plantings. The volume and types of stocks sent to various consignee categories are summarized in the table below. Anticipated Accomplishments WORK PLANNED FOR 2004 Evaluation experiments will be continued on Solanum species for the following traits: antioxidants, frost hardiness, rooting vigor, tuber calcium, late blight resistance, hormone mutants, proteinase inhibitors, and glycoalkaloids. Continuing high quality service with respect to introduction, preservation, classification, evaluation, and distribution of potato germplasm to clients in the U.S. and around the world will pursue the general objective of NRSP-6, to promote and facilitate potato research and breeding. APIC Intergenebank projects researching the status and dynamics of genetic diversity in the collection using RAPDs and strengthening ties with sister genebanks around the world will be continued

Publications

A. Publications issued by NRSP-6 Personnel Bamberg, J.B. and A. del Rio. 2003. Hypothetical obscured recessive traits in tetraploid Solanum estimated by RAPDs. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 78. (Abstract) Bamberg, J.B. and A.H. del Rio. 2003. Vulnerability of alleles in the US Potato Genebank extrapolated from RAPDs. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:79-85. Bamberg, J.B., A.H. del Rio, Z. Huaman, S. Vega, M. Martin, A. Salas, J. Pavek, S. Kiru, C. Fernandez, and D.M. Spooner. 2003. A decade of collecting and research on wild potatoes of the Southwest USA. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:159-172. del Rio, A. and J.B. Bamberg. 2003. The effect of genebank seed increase on the genetics of recently collected potato (Solanum) germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:215-218. del Rio, A. and J.B. Bamberg. 2003. Geographical parameters and proximity to related species predict genetic variation in the inbred potato species Solanum verrucosum Schlechtd. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 51. (Abstract) Hijmans, R.J., M. Jacobs, J.B. Bamberg, and D.M. Spooner. 2003. Frost tolerance in wild potato species: Assessing the predictivity of taxonomic, geographic, and ecological factors. Euphytica 130:47-59. Lara-Cabrera, Sabina and David M. Spooner. 2003. Taxonomy of North and Central American diploid wild potato (Solanum sect. Petota, Solanaceae) species: AFLP data. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 51. (Abstract) Moreyra, Rocio, J. Bamberg and A. del Rio. 2003. Genetic consequence of collecting tubers vs. seeds of wild potato species indigenous to the USA. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 50. (Abstract) Spooner, D.M., R.G. van den Berg, A. Rodriguez, J. Bamberg, R.J. Hijmans, and S.I. Lara-Cabrera. 2003. Wild potatoes (Solanum section Petota) of North and Central America. Syst. Bot. Monogr. Vega, S.E., A.H. del Rio, G. Jung, J.B. Bamberg, and J.P. Palta. 2003. Marker-assisted genetic analysis of non-acclimated freezing tolerance and cold acclimation capacity in a backcross Solanum population. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:359-369. B. Journal Articles and Abstracts Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks Andrivon, Didier, Roselyne Corbiere, Jean-Marie Lucas, Claudine Pasco, Jean-Michel Gravoueille, Roland Pelle, Jean-Paul Dantec, and Daniel Ellisseche. 2003. Resistance to Late Blight and Soft Rot in six potato progenies and glycoalkaloid contents in the tubers. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:125-134. Babosha, A.V., V.V. Boiko and Z.R. Morozova. 2002. Effect of plant oligoadenylates on viral infection and antistress and growth-regulating properties in potato plants grown in vitro. Russian J. Plant Physio. 49(3):399-405. Bakker, E., P. Butterbach, J.R. van der Voort, E. van der Vossen, J. van Vliet, J. Bakker, and A. Goverse. 2003. Genetic and physical mapping of homologues of the virus resistance gene Rx1 and the cyst nematode resistance gene Gpa2 in potato. Theor. Applied Genetics 106(8):1524-1531. Barta, E., A. Pintar and S. Pongor. 2002. Repeats with variations: accelerated evolution of the Pin2 family of proteinase inhibitors. Trends in Genetics 18(12):600-603. Berthou, F., A. Kouassi, M. Bossis, J.P. Dantec, M. Eddaoudi, Z. Ferji, R. Pelle, M. Tachzouti, D. Ellisseche, and D. Mugniery. 2003. Enhancing the resistance of the potato to Southern Root-knot Nematodes by using Solanum sparsipilum germplasm. Euphytica 132(1):57-65. Bolvaran, Sonia and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection for resistance to late blight from early generations in a breeding program. University of Minnesota, Department of Horticultural Science. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Bradeen, J.M., S.K. Naess, J. Song, G.T. Haberlach, S.M. Wielgus, C.R. Buell, J. Jiang, and J.P. Helgeson. 2003. Concomitant reiterative BAC walking and fine genetic mapping enable physical map development for the broad-spectrum late blight resistance region, RB. Mol. Genet. Genom. 269(5):603-611. Buso, J.A., F.A.S. Aragao, F.J.B. Reifschneider, L.S. Boiteux, and S.J. Peloquin. 2002. Assessment under short-day conditions of genetic materials derived from three potato breeding strategies: 4x-4x (intra- Tuberosum), 4x-2x (FDR 2n-pollen), and 4x-4x (diplandrous tetraploid). Euphytica 126(3):437-446. Buso, J.A., L.S. Boiteux and S.J. Peloquin. 2003. Tuber yield and quality of 4x-2x (FDR) potato progenies derived from the wild diploid species Solanum berthaultii and Solanum tarijense. Plant Breeding 122(3):229-232. Cantle, S.E. and G. Wang-Pruski. 2003. Identification of cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and its relationship to after-cooking darkening. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 34. (Abstract) Caromel, B., D. Mugniery, V. Lefebvre, S. Andrzejewski, D. Ellisseche, M.C. Kerlan, P. Rousselle, and F. Rousselle-Bourgeois. 2003. Mapping QTLs for resistance against Globodera pallida (Stone) Pa2/3 in a diploid potato progeny originating from Solanum spegazzinii. Theor. Applied Genetics 106(8):1517-1523. Carputo, D. 2003. Cytological and breeding behavior of pentaploids derived from 3x x 4x crosses in potato. Theor. Applied Genetics 106(5):883-888. Carputo, D., A. Barone, F. Consiglio, M. Ercolano, A. Sebastiano, and L. Frusciante. 2000. Evaluation of tetraploid and diploid potato genotypes suitable for true seed (TPS) production and use. Annali della Facolta di Agraria della Universita degli Studi di Napoli-Federico II, Portici 34:7-14, Napoli, Italy. Carputo, D., L. Frusciante and S.J. Peloquin. 2003. The role of 2n gametes and endosperm balance number in the origin and evolution of polyploids in the tuber-bearing Solanums. Genetics 163(1):287-294. Carputo, D., M. Parisi, F. Consiglio, M. Iovene, G. Caruso, L. Monti, and L. Frusciante. 2003. Aneuploid hybrids from 5x - 4x crosses in potato: chromosome number, fertility, morphology and yield. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:93-101. Chen, Q., L.M. Kawchuk, D.R. Lynch, M.S. Goettel, and D.K. Fujimoto. 2003. Identification of late blight, Colorado potato beetle, and blackleg resistance in three Mexican and two South American wild 2x (1EBN) Solanum species. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:9-19. Coombs, J., D. Douches, S. Cooper, E. Grafius, and W. Pett. 2003. No-choice cage study of glandular trichomes, glycoalkaloids and Bt-Cry3A potato resistance mechanisms for control of Colorado potato beetle. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 58. (Abstract) Cotes, J.J., C.E. Nustez, R. Martinez, and N. Estrada. 2000. Analysis of genotype by environment interaction in potato (Solanum tuberosum spp. andigena) by a non-parametric methodology. Agronomia Colombiana 17(1/3):43-48. Daniele, E., J. Dommes and J.F. Hausman. 2003. Carbohydrates and resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato plants. Acta Physio. Plant. 25(2):171-178. DeJong, W., D.M. DeJong and M. Bodis. 2003. An approach to measure allele dosage in autotetraploid potato. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 61. (Abstract) Dinu, I.I. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Endosperm and embryo development in interspecific incompatible Solanum crosses. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 46. (Abstract) Dinu, I.I. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Introgression of wild Solanum species germplasm into cultivated potato gene pool using EBN manipulation and sexual crosses. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Douches, D., K. Felcher, J. Coombs, and W. Kirk. 2003. Field evaluation of foliar resistance to Phytophthora infestans in potato. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 51. (Abstract) Douches, D.S., J. Coombs, K. Jastrzebski, R. Hammerschmidt, W.W. Kirk, C. Long, R.W. Chase, and S. Snapp. 2003. Boulder: A round white multipurpose potato variety. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:345-352. Esplin, D.L. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection for cold chipping genotypes in populations derived by sexual polyploidization. Am. J. Potato Res. In press. (Abstract) Esplin, Dave L. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection efficiency for cold chipping potato genotypes in three populations developed via sexual polyploidization. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Evers, D., M. Ghislain, J.F. Hausman, and J. Dommes. 2003. Differential gene expression in two potato lines differing in their resistance to Phytophthora infestans. J. Plant Physiology 160(6):709-712. Ewing, E.E., I. Simko, E.A. Omer, and P.J. Davies. 2003. Polygene mapping as a tool to study the physiology of tuberization and dormancy. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 27. (Abstract) Fischer, L., A. Lovas, Z. Opatrny, and Z. Banfalvi. 2002. Structure and expression of a hybrid proline-rich protein gene in the Solanaceous species, Solanum brevidens, Solanum tuberosum, and Lycopersicum esculentum. J. Plant Physiology 159(11):1271-1275. Flier, W.G., N.J. Grunwald, L.P.N.M. Kroon, A.K. Sturbaum, T.B.M. van den Bosch, E. Garay-Serrano, H. Lozoya-Saldana, W.E. Fry, and L.J. Turkensteen. 2003. The population structure of Phytophthora infestans from the Toluca Valley of Central Mexico suggests genetic differentiation between populations from cultivated potato and wild Solanum spp. Phytopathology 93(4):382-390. Frost, K.E., D.I. Rouse and S.H. Jansky. 2003. Introduction of Verticillium wilt (Vw) resistance into advanced clones via 2x x 4x and 4x x 2x crosses between (2x) S. tuberosum wild species hybrids and (4x) potato. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 78. (Abstract) Gao Gang, Qu DongYu, Lian Yong, Jin LiPing, and Feng LanXiang. 2002. A RAPD marker linked to the potato resistance to bacterial wilt. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 32(3):267-271. Gillen, A.M. and R. Novy. 2003. Development of molecular markers for introgression of viral resistance genes from Solanum etuberosum. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 54. (Abstract) Gopal, Jai, Vinod Kumar and S.S. Thakur. 2001. Evaluation of potato germplasm for characters important in true potato seed production. In: National symposium on sustainability of potato revolution in India, Shimla, India, July 31, 200l. (Eds: S.M.P. Khurana, S.K. Pandey). J. Indian Potato Assn. 28(1):11-12. Grunwald, N.J., M.A. Cadena Hinojosa, O. Rubio Covarrubias, A. Rivera Pena, H. Lozoya-Saldana, C.R. Brown, and W.E. Fry. 2003. Resistance in Mexican potato germplasm to late blight is high and durable. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 77. (Abstract) Hane, D.C., A.R. Mosley, S.R. James, K.A. Rykbost, C.C. Shock, S.L. Love, D.L. Corsini, J.J. Pavek, R.E. Thornton, B.A. Charlton, E.P. Eldredge, and S. Yilma. 2003. Wallowa Russet: A full season long russet for processing and fresh market. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:289-294. Hannapel, D.J., H. Chen, F.M. Rosin, A. Banerjee, and P.J. Davies. 2003. Molecular controls of tuberization. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 26. (Abstract) Hayes, R.J. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Genetic gain from early generation selection for cold chipping genotypes in potato. Plant Breeding 122:158-163. Hayes, R.J. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection for late blight tuber resistance within foliar resistant genotypes. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 52. (Abstract) Hayes, Ryan J. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Yield, specific gravity and tuber appearance of cold chipping genotypes from 2x x 4x, 4x x 2x, and 4x x 4x crosses using F2 cultivated potato wild potato species hybrids and elite 4x x 4x crosses. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Haynes, K.G., R.W. Goth, D.H. Lambert, and B.J. Christ. 2003. Late blight resistance in a tetraploid potato population with horizontal resistance. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 77. (Abstract) Hosaka, K. 2003. T-type chloroplast DNA in Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum was conferred from some populations of S. tarijense Hawkes. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:21-32. Iovene, M., L. Frusciante and D. Carputo. 2002. Shoot regeneration and chromosome doubling in accessions of 2x(1EBN) and 4x(2EBN) wild Solanum species. J. Genet. Breeding 56(2):99-105. Jansky, S.H. and D.I. Rouse. 2003. Multiple disease resistance in potato interspecific hybrids. Plant Disease 87:266-272. Jansky, S.H., D.I. Rouse, E. Mauritz, and J. Clark. 2003. Disease resistance in potato haploids. Acta Horticulturae. In press. Jansky, Shelley, P.J. Kauth and D.I. Rouse. 2003. Inheritance of resistance to potato early dying disease in diploid interspecific hybrids. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 50. (Abstract) Johnson, A.A.T. and R.E. Veilleux. 2003. Integration of transgenes into sexual polyploidization schemes for potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Euphytica 133:125-138. Johnson, A.A.T., B.A. Nault and R.E Veilleux. 2003. Transmission of a Bacillus thuringiensis cry3Aa transgene from diploid to tetraploid potato using 4x-2x hybridization: effect of ploidy increase on transgene expression and implications for TPS hybrid production. Plant Breeding 122:223-228. Kumar, Raj and Jai Gopal. 2001. Evaluation of andigena x tuberosum potato progenies for combining ability in early generations. In: National symposium on sustainability of potato revolution in India, Shimla, India, July 31, 200l. (Eds: S.M.P. Khurana, S.K. Pandey). J. Indian Potato Assn. 28(1):6-7. Lara, Angel and C.A. Thill. 2003. Selection for cold chipping genotypes from three early generations at two temperature storage regimes. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Laurila, J., M.C. Metzler, C.A. Ishimaru, and V.M. Rokka. 2003. Infection of plant material derived from Solanum acaule with Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus: temperature as a determining factor in immunity of S. acaule to bacterial ring rot. Plant Pathology 52(4):496-504. Leite, Daniela Lopes, M. Dibble and J. Lorenzen. 2003. Development of Solanum berthaultii cDNA libraries for identification of insect resistance factors. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 59. (Abstract) Lightbourn, G., J. Jelesko and R.E. Veilleux. 2003. Retrotansposon based polymorphism between parental monoploid potatoes and electrofusion derived somatic hybrids to evaluate stability of retroelements Tst1. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 33. (Abstract) Lorenzen, J.H., N.F. Balbyshev, A.M. Lafta, H. Casper, X. Tian, and B. Sagredo. 2001. Resistant potato selections contain leptine and inhibit development of the Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Economic Entomology 94(5):1260-1267. Love, S.L., A.R. Mosley, R. Novy, D.L. Corsini, R.E. Thornton, S.R. James, and D.C. Hane. 2003. Ivory Crisp: A potato variety with high tuber solids and cold chipping ability. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:207-213. Lozoya-Saldana, H. and C. Belmar-Diaz. 2003. Behavior of USDA potato clones in the Toluca Valley in 2002 and characterization of their Phytophthora infestans isolates. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 52. (Abstract) Luna-Cavazos, M. and E. Garcia-Moya. 2002. Morphological and pollen differentiation in Solanum cardiophyllum ssp. cardiophyllum and S. cardiophyllum ssp. ehrenbergii. Botanical J. Linnean Soc. 140(4):415-426. Lynch, D.R., L.M. Kawchuk, R. Yada, and J.D. Armstrong. 2003. Inheritance of the response of fry color to low temperature storage. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:341-344. Lynch, D.R., L.M. Kawchuk, Q. Chen, and M. Kokko. 2003. Resistance to Fusarium sambucinum in wild and cultivated Solanum species. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:353-358. Martin, G.A., D.S. Bonilla C., G.A. Ligarreto M., and D.A. Fajardo. 2000. Identification and morphological variability analysis of 59 creole potato cultivars (Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk.). Agronomia Colombiana 17(1/3):49-56. Massarelli, I., S. Grillo, A. Costa, and A. Leone. 2002. Differential expression of potato calmodulin genes by cold, heat and salt stress. J. Genetics & Breeding 56(4):331-337. Mollov, D.S. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Heritability of asymptomatic expression to potato virus Y. Am. J. Potato Res. In press. (Abstract) Mollov, D.S. and C.A. Thill. 2003. Identifying resistant PVY and PLRV progenies among various parental matings. Am. J. Potato Res. In press. (Abstract) Mollov, Dimitre and C.A. Thill. 2003. Screening potato breeding populations in a winter nursery for PVY and PLRV. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Novy, R.G., J.M. Alvarez, D.L. Corsini, A. Nasruddin, E.B. Radcliffe, and D.W. Ragsdale. 2003. Resistance to PVY, PLRV, PVX, green peach aphid, Colorado potato beetle, and wireworm in the progeny of a tri-species somatic hybrid. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 53. (Abstract) Novy, R.G., D.L. Corsini, S.L. Love, J.J. Pavek, A.R. Mosley, S.R. James, D.C. Hane, C.C. Shock, K.A. Rykbost, C.R. Brown, and R.E. Thornton. 2003. Alturas: A multi-purpose, Russet potato cultivar with high yield and tuber specific gravity. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:295-301. Olivo, N., C.A. Martinez and M.A. Oliva. 2002. The photosynthetic response to elevated CO2 in high altitude potato species (Solanum curtilobum). Photosynthetica 40(2):309-313. Orczyk, W., J. Przetakiewicz and A. Nadolska-Orczyk. 2003. Somatic hybrids of Solanum tuberosum application to genetics and breeding. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture 74(1):1-13. Ospina M., M.C. and G.A. Ligaretto M. 2000. Pollen quality analysis in Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena and reaction to Phytophthora infestans in progenies. Agronomia Colombiana 17(1/3):69-72. Ozgen, Senay and Jiwan P. Palta. 2003. Root zone calcium has a dramatic influence on growth of potato apical meristem and maintenance of apical dominance. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 65. (Abstract) Palumbo, R. and R.E. Veilleux. 2003. The potential for green fluorescent protein as a screening tool in the production of haploid potato plants. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 46. (Abstract) Pelletier, Y. 2003. A wild taste: resistance of the potato to insects. XIVth Symposium of Insect Physiology, April 14-16. Amiens, France. Plenary session. Pelletier, Y. 2003. Wild traits: potato resistance to insects. 2003 Joint Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of Canada and the Entomological Society of British Colombia, Nov 1-5. Kelowna, BC, Canada. Pelletier, Y. and G.C.C. Tai. 2001. Genotypic variability and mode of action of Colorado potato beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) resistance in seven Solanum species. J. Economic Entomology 94(2):572-578. Porter, L.D., D.A. Johnson and D.A. Inglis. 2003. Identification and characterization of resistance to Phytophthora infestans in commercial potato cultivars and advanced breeding lines. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 57. (Abstract) Posch, Danielle. M.S. 2003. Development and evaluation of selection for potato genotypes resistant to Phytophthora infestans in the early breeding generations. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Puustinen, P., M.L. Rajamaki, K.I. Ivanov, J.P.T. Valkonen, and K. Makinen. Detection of the potyviral genome-linked protein VPg in virions and its phosphorylation by host kinases. J. Virology 76(24):12703-12711. Raimondi, J.P. and E.L. Camadro. 2003. Crossability relationships between the common potato, Solanum tuberosum spp. tuberosum, and its wild diploid relatives S. kurtzianum and S. ruiz-lealii. Genet. Res. Crop Evolution 50(3):307-314. Raimondi, J.P., R.G. Sala and E.L. Camadro. 2003. Crossability relationships among the wild diploid potato species Solanum kurtzianum, S. chacoense and S. ruiz-leadii from Argentina. Euphytica 132(3):287-295. Rajamaki, M.L. and J.P.T. Valkonen. 2003. Localization of a potyvirus and the viral genome-linked protein in wild potato leaves at an early stage of systemic infection. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 16(l):25-34. Ramon, J. and R.E. Hanneman, Jr. 2002. Introgression of resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) from Solanum pinnatisectum into S. tuberosum using embryo rescue and double pollination. Euphytica 127(3):421-435. Rea, Christina and James Lorenzen. 2003. Use of single nucleotide polymorphisms to map resistance gene analogs in potato. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 66. (Abstract) Ronning, C.M., S.S. Stegalkina, R.A. Ascenzi, O. Bougri, A.L. Hart, T.R. Utterbach, S.E. Vanaken, S.B. Riedmuller, J.A. White, J. Cho, G.M. Pertea, Y. Lee, S. Karamycheva, R. Sultana, J. Tsai, J. Quackenbush, H.M. Griffiths, S. Restrepo, C.D. Smart, W.E. Fry, R. van der Hoeven, S. Tanksley, P. Zhang, H. Jim, M.L. Yamamoto, B.J. Baker, and C.R. Buell. 2003. Comparative analyses of potato expressed sequence tag libraries. Plant Physiol. 131:419-429. Rykbost, K.A., S.R. James, A.R. Mosley, B.A. Charlton, D.C. Hane, E. Eldredge, R. Voss, R.H. Johansen, S.L. Love, and R.E. Thornton. 2003. Modoc: A potato variety with bright red skin and early maturity for fresh market. Am. J. Potato Res. 80:235-240. Schweitzer, C., D. Evers and J.F. Hausman. 2002. Characterization of induced PR-1 in a late blight resistance Solanum phureja. In: Proceedings of the IOBC/WPRS study group on Induced Resistance in Plants against Insects and Diseases, Wageningen, The Netherlands, April 26-28, 2001. (Eds: A. Schmitt and B. Mauch-Mani). Bulletin OILB/SROP 25(6):187-191. Sebastiano, A., F. Della Rocca, A. Conzzolino, A. Zoina, D. Carputo, L. Frusciante, and A. Barone. 2000. Molecular marker-assisted backcross to introgress tuber soft rot resistance into cultivated potato. Annali della Facolta di Agraria della Universita degli Studi di Napoli-Federico II, Portici 34:15-22, Napoli, Italy. Seppanen, M.M. and G.D. Coleman. 2003. Characterization of genotypic variation in stress gene expression and photosynthetic parameters in potato. Plant, Cell and Environment 26(3):401-410. Silva, E.M., A.J. Hamernik and P.W. Simon. 2003. Evaluation of the Maillard-reaction related compounds in wild X cultivated species crosses at harvest, after storage, and after reconditioning. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 32. (Abstract) Singh, R.B., K.M. Sharma, K.K. Srivastava, and H.R. Chaudhary. 2002. Potato germplasm accessions resistant to leafhopper burn. J. Indian Potato Assn. 29(1/2):81-83. Skoneczka, J. and R.E. Veilleux. 2003. Effects of gametogenesis on transgenic cry3Aa expression in F1 generations of cultivated potato hybrids. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting PAA, Aug. 10-14, 2003, Spokane, WA. (Abstract) Skoneczka, J. and R.E. Veilleux. 2003. Effects of parent-of-origin on transgenic cry3Aa expression in potato hybrids. 100th Annual Intern. Conf. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci, Oct. 2-6, 2003, Providence, RI. (Abstract) Song, J.Q., J.M. Bradeen, S.K. Naess, J.A. Raasch, S.M. Wielgus, G.T. Haberlach, J. Liu, H.H. Kuang, S. Austin-Phillips, C.R. Buell, J.P. Helgeson, and J.M. Jiang. 2003. Gene RB cloned from Solanum bulbocastanum confers broad spectrum resistance to potato late blight. Proc. National Academy of Sciences of the USA 100(16):9128-9133. Sterrett, S.B., M.R. Henninger, G.C. Yencho, W. Lu, B.T. Vinyard, and K.G. Haynes. 2003. Stability of internal heat necrosis and specific gravity in tetraploid x diploid potatoes. Crop Science 43(3):790-796. Sterrett, S.B., G.C. Yencho, M.R. Henninger, and K.G. Haynes. 2003. Internal heat necrosis resistant potato clones have higher tuber concentrations of magnesium, sulfur, manganese, and calcium, and lower tuber concentrations of potassium than susceptible clones in the Mid-Atlantic States. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 67. (Abstract) Stewart, H.E., J.E. Bradshaw and B. Pande. 2003. The effect of the presence of R-genes for resistance to late blight (Phytophthora infestans) of potato (Solanum tuberosum) on the underlying level of field resistance. Plant Path. 52(2):193-198. Straadt, I.K. and O.S. Rasmussen. 2003. AFLP analysis of Solanum phureja DNA introgressed into potato dihaploids. Plant Breeding 122(4):352-356. Summers, B., D. Douches, C. Thill, A. Pavlista, A. Thompson, M. Kleinhenz, J. Jiang, D. Lynch, V. Currie, and M. Glynn. 2003. North central potato variety trials. In: Haynes, K.G. (ed), National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 2003: Seventy-Fourth Annual Report by Cooperators. USDA, ARS, ARS. Sun GenLou, G. Wang-Pruski, M. Mayich, and H. Jong. 2003. RAPD and pedigree-based genetic diversity estimates in cultivated diploid potato hybrids. Theor. Applied Genetics 107(1):110-115. Suttle, Jeffrey C. 2003. Regulation of tuber dormancy. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 26. (Abstract) Thill, C.A. 2003. Evaluation of potato breeding methods in the US. Joint Meeting of EAPR: Section Breeding and varietal assessment and EUCARPIA: Potato section. Oulu, Finland, EAPR: Appendix. (Abstract) Thill, C.A., I.I. Dinu and R.J. Hayes. 2003. Overcoming reproductive barriers between Mexican wild species and Group Tuberosum. Joint Meeting of EAPR: Section Breeding and varietal assessment and EUCARPIA: Potato section. Oulu, Finland, EAPR: 8. (Abstract) Thill, C.A. and J. Miller. 2003. Minnesota potato breeding program progress report-2003. Proc. Of the 33rd Annual Meeting, NCR-84 Potato Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee Feb. 3-4, 2003, East Lansing, MI. Thill, C.A. and J. Miller. 2003. Minnesota potato breeding and genetics-2003. In: Haynes, K.G. (ed), National Potato Germplasm Evaluation and Enhancement Report, 2003: Seventy-Fourth Annual Report by Cooperators. USDA, ARS, ARS. Thill, C.A. and D.S. Mollov. 2003. Genetic control of asymptomatic expression to potato virus Y and the environmental influence on this trait. Joint Meeting of EAPR: Section Breeding and varietal assessment and EUCARPIA: Potato section. Oulu, Finland, EAPR: 51. (Abstract) Thompson, A., B. Farnsworth, H. Hatterman-Valenti, and P. Mayland. 2003. Screening potato genotypes for resistance to the sugar end disorder. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 61. (Abstract) Topley, H.L., G. Wang-Pruski and G. Sun. 2003. Identification of genes and gene-markers related to after-cooking darkening in French-fry potatoes using cDNA-AFLP. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 34. (Abstract) Turska, E., D. Sekrecka, E. Trendak-Goska, and T. Pilecki. 2002. Gene resources of in vitro potato plants - possibilities of improvement of methods in maintaining plant collections. In: Broad variation and precise characterizationlimitation for the future. Proceedings of the XVIth EUCARPIA Genetic Resources Section workshop, Poznan, Poland, May 16-20, 2001. (Eds: W. Swiecicki, B. Naganowska and B. Wolko.) Vysniauskiene, R., J. Proscevicius, Z. Jancys, and R. Pilkauskaite. 2001. Comparison of proteins after cold stress in frost-resistance somatic hybrids of potato Solanum tuberosum L. and S. commersonii. Sodininkyste ir Darzininkyste 20(3(1)):129-135. Wang-Pruski, Gefu. 2003. Potato after-cooking darkening and its genetic and environmental controls. Presented at 87th Annual Meeting of PAA, Spokane, WA, Aug. 10-14, 2003. p. 62. (Abstract) Wasilewicz-Flis, I., H. Jakuczun and A. Kryszczuk. 2002. Collection of diploid potatoes at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute (IHAR) in Poland. In: Broad variation and precise characterizationlimitation for the future. Proceedings of the XVIth EUCARPIA Genetic Resources Section workshop, Poznan, Poland, May 16-20, 2001. (Eds: W. Swiecicki, B. Naganowska and B. Wolko.) Wegener, C.B. 2002. Potato Soft rot: plant defense mechanisms and its use to fight the disease. Kartoffelbau 8:304-307. Wishart, J., M.S. Phillips, A. Paterson, and V.C. Blok. 2002. Comparison of gene expression in Solanum bulbocastanum infected with virulent and avirulent isolates of Meloidogyne chitwoodi. In: Disease resistance in plant pathology. Proc. Of 6th Conf. of European Foundation for Plant Path., Prague, Czech Republic, September 8-14, 2002. (Eds: V. Taborsky, J. Polak, A. Lebeda, and V. Kudela.) Plant Protection Science 38(Special 2):721-722. Yakovleva, G.A. and Y.V. Semanyuk. 2002. Resistance of somatic hybrids S. tuberosum (78563-76) + S. bulbocastanum to late and early blight. Seryya Biyalagichnykh Navuk 2:36-40. Yakovleva, G.A., V.L. Dubinitch, T.V. Semanyuk, and S.V. Monarkhovich. 2002. Useful potato germplasm collection in vitro and its utilization in somatic hybridization. In: Broad variation and precise characterizationlimitation for the future. Proceedings of the XVIth EUCARPIA Genetic Resources Section workshop, Poznan, Poland, May 16-20, 2001. (Eds: W. Swiecicki, B. Naganowska and B. Wolko.) Zaitsev, V.S., B.S. Naroditsky, and E.E. Khavkin. 2002. Homologs of the genes for receptor-like kinase proteins conferring plant resistance to pathogens: resistance gene homologs in Solanum species. Russian J. Plant Physio. 49(6):810-816. Zhang HangNing, J.P.T. Valkonen and K.N. Watanabe. 2003. A bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for potato and identification of clones related to the potato Y potyvirus resistance gene Ryadg. Breeding Science 53(2):155-161. Zimnoch-Guzowska, E. 2002. Research on resistance to Erwinia carotovora ssp. atroseptica identified in diploid potato hybrids. In: Proceedings of the 8th Symposium on New Aspects of Resistance Research on Cultivated Plants Bacterial Diseases, Aschersleben, Germany, November 15-16, 200l. Beitrage zur Zuchtungsforschung-Bundesanstalt fur Zuchtungsforschung an Kulturpflanzen 8(3):24-25. Zoon, F.C., W. Golinowski, R. Janssen, D. Mugniery, M.S. Phillips, M. Schlathoelter, G. Smant, L. van Kruijssen, and J.G. van der Beek. 2002. Durable resistance against Meloidogyne chitwoodi and M. fallax. In: Disease resistance in plant pathology, 2nd part, poster presentation. Proc. Of 6th Conf. of European Foundation for Plant Path., Prague, Czech Republic, September 8-14, 2002. (Eds: V. Taborsky, J. Polak, A. Lebeda, and V. Kudela.) Plant Protection Science 38(Special 2):711-713. Zotoyeva, N. 2002. Potato wild species collection of VIR as a source for breeding. In: Broad variation and precise characterizationlimitation for the future. Proceedings of the XVIth EUCARPIA Genetic Resources Section workshop, Poznan, Poland, May 16-20, 2001. (Eds: W. Swiecicki, B. Naganowska and B. Wolko.) C. Theses Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks Hale, Anna Louise. 2003. Screening potato genotypes for antioxidant activity, identification of the responsible compounds, and differentiating Russet Norkotah strains using AFLP and microsatellite marker analysis. Dissertation, Texas A&M University. pp. 260. Moreyra-Pizzaro, Rocio. 2003. Genetic consequences of clonal versus seed sampling in two wild potato species indigenous to the USA. M.S. Manuscript. University of Wisconsin-Madison. pp. 26. Palumbo, R. 2003. The potential for green fluorescent protein as a screening tool in the production of haploid potato plants. M.S. Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, VA. pp. 88. Posch, D.M. 2003. Breeding for Phytophthora infestans resistance by selecting progenies in the first clonal generation of potato breeding. M.S. Thesis, University of Minnesota. pp. 79.

Impact Statements

NRSP-6s purpose is to provide a ready source of raw materials, technology and information to support potato enhancement, breeding and research in the US and around the world. Thus, one way the success of NRSP-6 can be measured is by the use of NRSP-6 germplasm in the pedigrees of new, improved potato cultivars. Another is in the use of NRSP-6 stocks in more basic research programs, which also ultimately contribute to human utilization of the potato crop, these being reflected in publications.
Five cultivar releases were published in the American Journal of Potato Research in 2002: Alturas, Boulder, Ivory Crisp, Modoc, and Wallowa Russet. All are known to have wild species in their pedigrees.
Section 6 lists 122 papers, 32 abstracts, 1 poster, and 3 theses which report the use of NRSP-6 Solanum introductions this year.

Date of Annual Report: 08/29/2005

Report Information

Annual Meeting Dates: 06/21/2005 - 06/22/2005
Period the Report Covers: 06/01/2004 - 06/01/2005

Participants

Committee Members Present: J. Bamberg, C. Brown, W. De Jong (Vice-Chair), D. Douches (Chair), C-Y. Hu, M. Martin. C. Miller (Secretary), A. Mosley, S. Reiling, S. Slack. D. Spooner, R. Tarn

Others Present: Isabel Vales, Jeannie Miller, Susana Rigato, Christian Thill, Solomon Yilma

Brief Summary of Minutes

1. D. Douches called the meeting to order at 7:45 AM. The meeting agenda was distributed, introductions were made, and announcements were invited. Genebank documents were available for printing on the NRSP-6 website prior to the meeting.

2. The agenda was approved as distributed. Miller moved that the majority of business be accomplished on 21 June. Motion seconded by Tarn and approved.

3. Minutes of the 2004 TAC meeting were approved with no changes.

4. The Resolutions Committee was appointed (C. Brown [Chair], R. Tarn, C. Thill).

5. S. Slack reported on general administrative developments and prospects for the project, FY06-10. He also summarized basic recommendations from the ESCOP (Experiment Station Committee on Organization and Policy) Germplasm Task Force.

" The NRSP Review Committee makes preliminary recommendations annually. Additionally, an external review takes place at the five-year rewrite interval. Responses to the Committees recommendations are due June 24. Final decision will be made at the full meeting of the Experiment Station Section (ESS) in late September. NRSP-6 project has been recommended for approval for five years, at $150,000 for FY 06 and decreasing to $50,000/YR for years four and five. The NRSP germplasm groups are NRSP-6 and NRSP-5 (virus-free fruit trees). A coordinating committee representing ARS, CSREES, and ESCOP has been recommended to be established by an ESCOP Task Force; the Task Force report will be considered for approval at the ESS meeting as well. Miller inquired as to the composition of the committee. Slack indicated that there would be representation from each group, if the ESS approves the recommendation and ARS and CSREES are supportive, but couldnt presume specifics. Miller suggested that a representative from NRSP-6 (i.e., someone sympathetic to potatoes) should be included on the coordinating committee.

" Extensive discussion followed. The Coordinating Committee would not impact operations of NRSP-6, except presumably through budget recommendations, it would be more of a policy group on germplasm in the country and how it is coordinated across species. The assault on Hatch funds and the consequences of their potential elimination were also discussed. Loss of Hatch funds would be devastating for long-term research such as public plant breeding programs. The importance of carefully constructed impact statements which can be easily understood by policy makers and consumers was underscored. The importance of educating the National Potato Council of the activities of NRSP-6 and its impact on the US potato industry was emphasized. Bamberg has been invited to make a presentation to the NPC Seed Seminar in December, where he will further educate this group on NRSP-6 activities. Douches suggested that articles in popular publications such as Spudman, Potato Grower, and Potato Country could be used to increase grower awareness and gain support. Slack is to contact John Keeling of the National Potato Council to invite representation by this body at the NRSP-6 annual meetings.

" Slack agreed to draft a response to the NRSP Review Committee recommendations for NRSP-6:

The recommendation to renew NRSP-6 is appreciated,especially the recognition that NRSP-6 is meeting a critical genetic resource need nationally and internationally. Representation via Appendix E has been largely addressed and stakeholder communications will be directly addressed in annual reports, etc. We recognize the concern regarding the use of off-the-top funds as a support mechanism, independent of the quality and need for the NRSP-6 mission, and therefore feel that the acceptance and implementation of the ESCOP Task Force
on Germplasm report is very important. NRSP-6 is quite concerned about the proposed reduction of funds for the next five-year period, but will work with all concerned funding entities to address program and user needs and direction in the funding period covered.

Mosley moved and Miller seconded the acceptance of the response. Motion passed.

6. No additional comments from Regional Administrative Advisors (Reiling, Westerman, Hu).

7. Regional and ARS Tech Reports were presented by Brown, DeJong, Miller, Douches, and Mosley (see attached reports). It was evident that NRSP-6 germplasm plays a critical role in supporting potato research throughout the US, and that hobbyists, gardeners, and other consumers also benefit greatly from easy access to this material. The North Central Region is the biggest user of NRSP-6 material.

8. Tarn reported on Agriculture and Agrifoods Canada (report attached). Replacement for Dermot Lynch who retired at Lethbridge has been completed. The technical aspects of moving germplasm into Canada were discussed.

9. Genebank progress overview for 2004 to the present was presented by Bamberg, Martin, and Spooner (reports attached). Spooner presented a complete report of his extensive research activities, which included a very productive stay at CIP. CIP officials were very cooperative in providing manpower and facilities for conducting his research. The political situation in South America is still preventing collection of additional materials. Spooner has concluded that European potatoes originated in Chile rather than Peru. He is Secretary of the Botanical Association of America, and is coordinating the meetings of three Solanaceae groups in Madison July 23 27, 2006. Bamberg provided an overview of genebank activities, including research and development which he believes are the core functions. This documentation adds value to the collection, resulting in greater service to stakeholders. Bamberg elaborated on budget items related to NRSP-6. Slack is to contact Peter Bretting for clarification of NRSP-6-related items, including the new funding received by Madison, and how these funds are related to the reduction in off-the-top funding from the state experiment stations.

10-14. Brettings report from USDA, ARS NPGS NPL was distributed. No reports were received from: USDA, ARS potato NPL (Cameron); USDA, ARS Midwest Area; SREES rep comments (Thro); APHIS and quarantine rep comments (Levy), as these entities were not represented at the meeting.

Afternoon, Tues June 21

15. Mosley and staff presented an overview of the Oregon State University breeding program, followed by an extensive tour of laboratory, greenhouse, and field facilities and research plots.

Reconvened at 4:30

16-17. Secretary Miller reviewed most important points from the morning session which centered on the TACs response to the NRSP Review Committee report. Miller moved and Mosley seconded that Slack contact the NPC and enlist their support in identifying a representative of their choice to attend NRSP-6 meetings. Motion passed. Slack contacted John Keeling after the meeting, and Keeling recommended Don Sklarczyk of Johannesburg, MI to represent NPC on NRSP-6; Slack spoke to Sklarczyk and he has agreed to serve in this capacity (this would essentially be a voting technical representative). A number of questions related to NRSP-6 cannot be resolved until future meetings of ESCOP/ESS are held. Spooner noted that Jack Hawkes 90th birthday was approaching, and provided a birthday card for all to sign.

18. Resolutions: the following motions were submitted by the Resolutions Committee and were unanimously approved in spirit:

" Whereas Dr. Alvin Mosley of Oregon State University has been an enthusiastic supporter of the NRSP-6 program for the entire tenure of his membership on the Technical Advisory Committee; and

Whereas, Dr. Mosley has provided leadership and a vision for the NRSP-6 program throughout the years; and

Whereas, Dr. Mosley has been an avid believer in the value of incorporation of new genetic variation in the potato breeding pool; and

Whereas Dr. Mosley has prolifically selected new named varieties with arrays of new traits needed by the industry; and

Whereas Dr. Mosley has promoted teamwork in his own institution and has modeled this teamwork by extensive sharing of resources; and

Whereas Dr. Mosley has presided over the creation of a statewide multi-location potato breeding program during his career at Oregon State University; and

Whereas he leaves this program with tremendous promise for the future upon his retirement; and

Whereas the potato breeding program at Oregon State University is another user of potato germplasm curated by the NRSP-6 program;

Therefore, be it resolved that the Technical Advisory Committee expresses extreme gratitude for his accomplishments, level-headed guidance and unfailing support over the years and wishes him every happiness and many years of good health in his post-retirement years.

" Whereas Jack Hawkes has made many taxonomic and germplasm contributions to the US potato genebank; and

Whereas he has had a long association with the potato genebank starting in 1958 and continuing through nine subsequent visits with the last in 1989; and

Whereas 470 of his collections account for about 10% of the current genebank seed population holdings with many additional stocks indirectly attributable to his efforts; and

Whereas the taxonomy used to organize and document the accessions for the past 55 years is, in large part, his creation; and

Whereas he has been a key participant in the potato inter-genebank association (APIC) including its inaugural meeting at Sturgeon Bay in 1991 and a subsequent meeting at the Vavilov Institute (VIR), St. Petersburg, Russia in 1994; and

Whereas on June 27, 2005 he celebrates his 90th birthday;

Therefore, be it resolved that the Technical Advisory Committee of the US Potato Genebank (NRSP-6, formerly IR-1), on behalf of all involved in the project, hereby recognizes Jack Hawkes for these many and outstanding contributions to the project, sends him warm and heartfelt greetings for his 90th birthday celebration, and wishes him health and happiness in the years ahead.

" Whereas, Dr. Alvin Mosley and his staff hosted the 2005 meeting of the NRSP-6 in Corvallis, Oregon, June 21-22; and

Whereas, the Oregon Potato Breeding Program staff arranged the excellent meeting facilities, refreshments and accommodations; and

Whereas, the Oregon Potato Breeding Program staff arranged a tour of their research facilities, and the Committee is most appreciative of the dinner and social events arranged;

Therefore, be it resolved that the NRSP-6 TAC express sincere thanks to the staff for arranging a highly successful and productive meeting.

" Whereas, Dr. Jeannie Miller, guest of NRSP-6, took, prepared, and forwarded minutes of the 2005 NRSP-6 meeting;

Therefore, be it resolved that members of the NRSP-6 TAC express sincere appreciation to Jeannie for her dedicated efforts.

19. Executives for coming year:
Secretary: C. Brown
Vice-Chair: C. Miller
Chair: W. De Jong

20. Venue for 2006: Ames, Iowa precise site TBA. First week of June.

21. Meeting adjourned at 5:10 PM. Small, informal participant meetings were held on Wednesday morning, 22 June.

Accomplishments

Accomplishments A. Introduction of New Stocks Dr. Bamberg, Dr. Alfonso del Rio, and Charles Fernandez (US Potato Genebank) had a successful collecting expedition to the Chiricahua Wilderness in southeast Arizona in September of 2004 (supported with extramural funding from USDA). They collected 17 new accessions of S. fendleri (now reclassified as stoloniferum). For 50 years the only available germplasm from this area consisted of a few collections from spots easily accessible by road. New collections were from sites accessible only through camping and extensive hiking. This will be a test case of an important question about germplasm collecting: Do samples from sites easy to access adequately represent the genetics in a geographic area, or is there much more work that should be done to access more remote sites? A total of 29 accessions were assigned PI numbers in 2004: five from Peru, one from South Africa, six from Korea, and 17 from the southwest United States. These accessions are now available from the NRSP-6 Solanum germplasm collection. Several steps were taken in the past year to promote and inform researchers of NRSP-6s services and stocks. The NRSP-6 web page (http://www.ars-grin.gov/nr6) has been updated and made more user friendly. Clientele that have ordered from NRSP-6 in the past four years are contacted three times per year, informing them of new materials that are now available either as true seed, tubers, in vitro plantlets, or herbarium samples. A new trifold pamphlet was printed for distribution to school and tour groups and is available on the web page. B. Preservation and Increase of Stocks In 2004, a total of 268 accessions were increased as botanical seed populations. A total of 900 potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) tests were performed on seed increase parents, seedlots and research materials. Germination tests were performed on 1,044 accessions, ploidy determinations were made on 32 accessions, and tetrazolium seed viability tests were done on 32 seedlots. In 2003 tetrazolium testing was initiated to determine the cause of poor germination on some seedlots. For some lots, it was confirmed that poor germination was due to inviable seeds and not germination protocol. In 2004 we recalled 69 of these zero- germ seedlots from long-term storage at NSSL. So far we have gotten good seed increases on 53 of these. A project with NSSL on long-term potato seed viability in different storage systems and methods of prestorage handling was initiated in 2003, and the last of the seed for this project was shipped in 2004. Progress was made on several international collaborative projects. We are working with CIP on a project to assess the impact of agrichemicals on pollen and seed viability of wild species. We planned a study to look at the prevalence of hidden recessives, and diversity of nematode resistance alleles in S. andigena with Russian (VIR) colleagues. Work continued with Dr. C. Millers lab screening for antioxidants in uncolored wild potato species tubers. Previous screening among species identified ones with promising levels of tuber antioxidant capacity. Some diploid Mexican species seem to have high antioxidants in common: S. cardiophyllum, S. jamesii, and S. pinnatisectum. Continued fine screening is discovering high levels of antioxidants in species that are more crossable to tuberosum and known to have acceptably low levels of glycoalkaloids. We explored the potenetial of using a potato-based, in vitro Agrobacterium tumefaciens system to screen for anti-tumor factors. The Potato Crop Germplasm Committee (CGC) also sponsored a funded grant proposal to screen for Potato Carboxypeptidase Inhibitor (PCI), a small, heat-stable protein, unique to potato, that has been shown to efficiently inhibit proliferation of some of the most pernicious human cancers. Frost resistant breeding work continues with recurrent selection of S. tuberosum, S. acaule and S. commersonii hybrids. Materials are now maturing earlier with the introgression of very early varieties, and some selections have been confirmed to survive in vitro leaf freezing to 5oC. In a related study, substitution backcross families were used to show that cytoplasm is not a factor in the extreme frost hardiness of S. commersonii. The cooperative project with NDSU for screening S. andigena populations for Sugar-end disorder did not progress as much as hoped in 2004, since winter tuberization in Weslaco, TX was poor. In 2005 we started cooperating with a grower in southern CA to assess the utility of that environment. In 2005 we are undertaking a backup plan to make F1 families of S. andigena accessions with a susceptible tester cultivar. We discovered a new floral development mutant in S. microdontum which we have named crazy sepal because it grows multiple (indeterminate) sets of sepals instead of anthers and pistils. This is a potential tool for studying floral development, and may have other applications as a completely sterile mutant. Progeny tests indicate monogenic recessive gene action. Attempts to artificially restore fertility are in progress as well as the generation of DNA markers to tag the recessive cs1 allele. Testing was continued in an effort to confirm and characterize apomixis in S. jamesii. A field tuberization location in Hawaii was tested and appears to be effective. Until now, the only other way to produce tubers of wild species has been in winter greenhouse pots, and such tubers might not give a true indication of their potential value with respect to a variety of tuber traits. Plant parts are known to vary widely for pH, but little is known about the variation, basis, or utility of pH extremes in potato tubers. When pH was measured on species of the mini-core collection, replicates over years and populations gave rather consistent results, with S. polytrichon, S. pinnatisectum and S. papita being the most acidic. Cultivated species, S. verrucosum and S. okadae, were least acidic. The observed range of pH (5.5-6.1) represents a 4-fold difference in H ion concentration. We intend to fine-screen among genotypes within species to find the limits of tuber acidity, then characterize the physiology, genetics and impact on economic traits like disease resistances and processing quality. C. Classification Dr. Spooner et al. have published Wild Potatoes (Solanum section Petota) of North and Central America. Dr. Spooner continues to resolve problems in taxonomic classification that impede efficient documentation and use of the germplasm. At present he is working on a use-based classification of varieties, and predictive value of taxonomy. D. Distribution NRSP-6 distributed 4,234 units of seed (not including in-house use); 258 tuber families; 2,052 tuber clones; 1,512 in vitro stocks; 47 DNA samples; 231 plants in plugs; and 61 herbarium samples to clientele in 30 states of the USA and 12 other countries. Internally NRSP-6 used 3,819 units of seed for seed backup, chromosome counts, germination tests, identification and taxonomic check plantings, in vitro maintenance, seed increases, PSTV tests, and miscellaneous plantings. The volume and types of stocks sent to various consignee categories are summarized in the table below. <table class="MsoNormalTable" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse: collapse"> <tr style="height: 14.6pt"> <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in" width="85"> </td> <td width="462" colspan="8" valign="top" style="width: 346.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #E5E5E5"> Units1</td> <td style="border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in" width="73"> </td> </tr> <tr style="page-break-inside: avoid; height: 13.8pt"> <td width="85" valign="top" style="width: 63.8pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> Category</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> S</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> TF</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> TS</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> IVS</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> DNA</td> <td width="49" valign="top" style="width: 36.45pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> PL</td> <td width="49" valign="top" style="width: 36.45pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> HER</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> TOT</td> <td width="73" valign="top" style="width: 54.7pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> PIs</td> </tr> <tr style="page-break-inside: avoid; height: 14.6pt"> <td width="85" valign="top" style="width: 63.8pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> Domestic</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 2,007</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 258</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 1,834</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 1,199</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 38</td> <td width="49" valign="top" style="width: 36.45pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 231</td> <td width="49" valign="top" style="width: 36.45pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 61</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 5,628</td> <td width="73" valign="top" style="width: 54.7pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 4,195</td> </tr> <tr style="page-break-inside: avoid; height: 13.8pt"> <td width="85" valign="top" style="width: 63.8pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> Foreign</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 2,227</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 0</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 218</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 313</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 9</td> <td width="49" valign="top" style="width: 36.45pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 0</td> <td width="49" valign="top" style="width: 36.45pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 0</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 2,767</td> <td width="73" valign="top" style="width: 54.7pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 1.0pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 1,953</td> </tr> <tr style="page-break-inside: avoid; height: 13.8pt"> <td width="85" valign="top" style="width: 63.8pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> NRSP-62</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 3,819</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 0</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 0</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 0</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 0</td> <td width="49" valign="top" style="width: 36.45pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 0</td> <td width="49" valign="top" style="width: 36.45pt; height: 13.8pt; border: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 0</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 3,819</td> <td width="73" valign="top" style="width: 54.7pt; height: 13.8pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: 1.5pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: medium none; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 1,126</td> </tr> <tr style="page-break-inside: avoid; height: 14.6pt"> <td width="85" valign="top" style="width: 63.8pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: 1.5pt solid windowtext; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in; background: #F2F2F2"> Total</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 8,053</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 258</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-top: medium none; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 2,052</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 1,512</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 47</td> <td width="49" valign="top" style="width: 36.45pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-top: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 231</td> <td width="49" valign="top" style="width: 36.45pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 61</td> <td width="61" valign="top" style="width: 45.6pt; height: 14.6pt; border-left: 1.0pt solid windowtext; border-right: medium none; border-top: 2.25pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding-left: 5.4pt; padding-right: 5.4pt; padding-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0in"> 12,214</td> <td width="73" valign="top" style="width:54.7pt;border:solid windowtext 2.25pt; padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.6pt"> 7,274</td> </tr> </table> E. Visitors From Other Countries Dr. L. Lopez Peru Dr. W. Roca Peru Dr. A. Villegas Columbia Dr. E. Sofiare Indonesia Dr. M. Herman Indonesia Dr. Kaushik India Dr. Swarup India Dr. G. P. Das Bangladesh Dr. V. Anand India Anticipated Accomplishments WORK PLANNED FOR 2005 Fast and accurate delivery of high quality germplasm and information will continue to be the general objective of NRSP-6. We also aim to raise awareness of the germplasm resource through an advertising/outreach program, and by conducting and publishing research that demonstrates new ways the germplasm can be useful for potato improvement. Evaluation experiments will continue on Solanum species for these and other traits: antioxidants, tuber acidity, apomixis, crazy sepal mutant, sugar end disorder, frost hardiness, tuber calcium, hormone mutants, and anti-cancer compounds. APIC Intergenebank projects, researching the status and dynamics of genetic diversity using DNA markers, will continue strengthening ties with sister genebanks around the world.

Publications

A. Publications issued by NRSP-6 Personnel Bamberg, J.B. and A.H. del Rio. 2004. 2004. Genetic heterogeneity estimated by RAPD polymorphism of four tuber-bearing potato species differing by breeding system. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:377-383. Brown, C.R., H. Mojtahedi and J. Bamberg. 2004. Evaluation of Solanum fendleri as a source of resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:415-419. Busse, James S., John B. Bamberg and Jiwan P. Palta. 2004. Genetic variations for calcium accumulation efficiency in tuber and aerial shoot tissues. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 36. (Abstract) del Rio, Alfonso and J.B. Bamberg. 2004. Ten years of research at the US Potato Genebank using molecular markers to study efficiency in the acquisition and management of Potato Genetic Diversity. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 77. (Abstract) del Rio, Alfonso, J.B. Bamberg and Z. Huaman. 2004. Assessment of putative identical germplasm collections at CIP and US Potato genebanks determined by RAPD and SSR markers. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 32. (Abstract) Fernandez, Charles J. and John B. Bamberg. 2004. A new Solanum fendleri mutant lacking purple pigment. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 78. (Abstract) Ghislain, M., D.M. Spooner, F. Rodriguez, F. Villamon, J. Nunez, C. Vasquez, R. Waugh, and M. Bonierbale. 2004. Selection of highly informative and user-friendly microsatellites (SSRs) for genotyping of cultivated potato. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108:881-890. Knapp, S., L. Bohs, M. Nee, and D.M. Spooner. 2004. Solanaceae a model for linking genomics with biodiversity. In: Plant & Animal Genome XII Conference, San Diego, CA, January 10-14, 2004. Comp. Func. Genomics 5(3):285-291. Spooner, D.M., G.J. Bryan, R.G. van den Berg, and A. del Rio. 2003. Species concepts and relationships in wild and cultivated potatoes. In: Potatoes Healthy food for Humanity: International Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization. Proc. of XXVI International Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada). Acta Hort. 619:63-75. Spooner, David and W.L.A. Hetterscheid. 2004. Origin of the modern cultivated potato. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 47. (Abstract) Spooner, David and W.L.A. Hetterscheid. 2004. Cultivar-group classification of modern cultivated potato. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 47. (Abstract) Spooner, D.M. and K.A. Williams. 2004. Germplasm acquisition. Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science, Ed.: R.M. Goodman, 537-540. Dekker Agropedia, New York, New York. Vega, S.E., J.B. Bamberg and J.P. Palta. 2004. Characterization of gibberellin requirements for various diploid and tetraploid gibberellin deficient mutants. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 60. (Abstract) Vega, S.E., J.P. Palta and J.B. Bamberg. 2004. Evidence for the mitigation of gibberellin deficiency symptoms by root zone calcium in GA-deficient mutants of potato. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 61. (Abstract) Vega, S.E., A.H. del Rio, J.B. Bamberg, and J.P. Palta. 2004. Evidence for the up-regulation of stearoyl-ACP (?9) desaturase gene expression during cold acclimation. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:125-135. B. Journal Articles and Abstracts Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks Alcalde-Eon, C., G. Saavedra, S. de Pascual-Teresa, and J.C. Rivas-Gonzalo. 2004. Identification of anthocyanins of pinta boca (Solanum stenotomum) tubers. Food Chem. 86(3):441-448. Anderson, J.A.D., S.L. Lewthwaite, R.A. Genet, and W.F. Braam. 2004. Moonlight: A new dual-purpose main crop potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivar. New Zealand J. Crop Hort. Sci. 32(1):153-156. Arnone, S., S. Musmeci, V. Fonzo, M. Cristofaro, O. Temperini, F. Saccardo, and A. Sonnino. 2002. Breeding for resistance to Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Colorado potato beetle), Phthorimaea operculella ( tuber moth), Agriotes spp. (wireworm) in potato. Rivista di Ag. 36 (Suppl. 1):33-38. Banyal, Jeena, Meetul Kumar, S.D. Chakrabarti, D. Pattanayak, V.P. Chimote, Singh Lokendra, and P.S. Naik. 2003. Cloning and sequencing of an Osmotin-like gene fragment from the late blight resistant wild potato species Solanum chacoense. In: Symposium on Potato research towards national food and nutritional security, 2-3 October, 2003. (Eds: S.K. Pandey and Singh Brajesh). J. Indian Potato Assn. 30(1/2)37-38. Blessington, T., A.L. Hale, D.C. Sheuring, and J.C. Miller, Jr. 2004. Effect of cooking and storage on antioxidant activity in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). HortSci. 39:879. (Abstract) Blessington, T., A.L. Hale, D.C. Sheuring, and J.C. Miller, Jr. 2004. Effect of cooking ,storage, and gamma irradiation on antioxidant activity in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Am. J. Potato Res. 81:. (Abstract) Blotskaya, Z.V. and N.V. Rusetsky. 2002. Evaluation of potato selection material for complex virus resistance. Zashichita Rastenii 25:40-45. Brigneti, G., A.M. Martin-Hernandez, et al. 2004. Virus-induced gene silencing in Solanum species. Plant J. 39(2):264-272. Brown, C.R., H. Mojtahedi, and G.S. Santo. 2003. Characteristics of resistance to Columbia root-knot nematode introgressed from several Mexican and North American wild potato species. In: Potatoes Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization. Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada). Acta Hort. 619:117-125. Brown, C.R. and H. Mojtahedi. 2004. Evidence of systemic acquired resistance to Meloidogyne chitwoodi, race 2, conferred by gene for resistance to race 1 from Solanum bulbocastanum. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 59. (Abstract) Cardi, T., F. Consiglio, F. Fiorentino, L. Frusciante, and S. Grillo. 2002. Agronomic evaluation and frost tolerance of potato progenies derived from somatic hybridization with wild species Solanum commersonii. Rivista di Agronomia 36 (Supplement 1):18-25. Carputo, D., A. Barone, M.R. Ercolano, L. Frusciante, M. Iovene, M. Parisi, A. Sebastiano, L. Monti, and V. Marzi. 2002. Evaluation and selection of BC1, BC2, and BC3 genotypes derived from interspecific hybridization Solanum tuberosum S. commersonii. Rivista di Agronomia 36 (Supplement 1):26-32. Carputo, D., A. Terra, A. Barone, F. Esposito, V. Fogliano, L. Monti, and L. Frusciante. 2003. Glycoalkaloids and acclimation capacity of hybrids between Solanum tuberosum and the incongruent hardy species Solanum commersonii. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107(7):1187-1194. Chen, Q., D. Lynch, H.W. (Bud) Platt, H.Y. Li, Y. Shi, H.J. Li, D. Beasley, L. Rakosy-Tican, and R. Theme. 2004. Interspecific crossability and cytogenetic analysis of sexual progenies of Mexican wild diploid 1EBN species Solanum pinnatisectum and S. cardiophyllum. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:159-169. Chen, Q., S. Sun, Q. Ye, S. McCuine, E. Huff, and H.B. Zhang. 2004. Construction of two BAC libraries from the wild Mexican diploid potato, Solanum pinnatisectum, and the identification of clones near the late blight and Colorado potato beetle resistance loci. Theor. Appl. Genet. 108(6):1002-1009. Coombs, Joseph, David Douches, Susannah Cooper, and Edward Grafius. 2004. Colorado potato beetle and potato resistance mechanisms: more than just a defoliation issue. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 54. (Abstract) Conicella, C., A. Capo, M. Cammareri, A. Errico, N. Shamina, and L.M. Monti. 2003. Elucidation of meiotic nuclear restitution mechanisms in potato through analysis of microtubular cytoskeleton. Euphytica 133(1):107-115. Conner, T. 2003. Somatic hybridsa GE alternative? An example in potato. Grower 58(11):38-40. De Jong, W., D.M. De Jong and M. Bodis. 2004. An approach to measure allele dosage in autotetraploid potato. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:55. De Medeiros, Ane H., Ward M. Tingey and Walter S. De Jong. 2004. Mechanisms of resistance to potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), in potato. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:431-441. Deahl, K.L., T. Oosumi, D.R. Rockhold, M.M. Maccree, and W.R. Belknap. 2004. Accessing horizontal resistance to late blight in potato germplasm derived from Solanum bulbocastanum. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 68. (Abstract) Douches, David S. and Kelly Zarka. 2004. Engineered approaches to develop potatoes for sub-optimal irrigation conditions. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 57. (Abstract) Ewing, E.E., I. Simko, E.A. Omer, and P.J. Davies. 2004. Polygene mapping as a tool to study the physiology of potato tuberization and dormancy. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:281-289. Frost, K.E., D.I. Rouse and S.H. Jansky. 2004. Distributional dynamics of Verticillium dahliae in potato plant tissue through the growing season. Phytopathology 94:S32. Gebhardt, C., A. Ballvora, B. Walkemeier, P. Oberhagemann, and K. Schuler. 2004. Assessing genetic potential in germplasm collections of crop plants by marker-trait association: a case study for potatoes with quantitative variation of resistance to late blight and maturity type. Molecular Breeding 13(1):93-102. Gillen, A.M. and R. Novy. 2004. Development of SSRs and conversion of RFLP markers to PCR-based markers for introgression of viral resistance genes from Solanum etuberosum. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 78. (Abstract) Gonzales-Vigil, Eliana, Kelly Zarka, Pavani Tumbalum, Willie Kirk, and David Douches. 2004. Combining engineered and natural host plant resistance to Phytophthora infestans in cultivated potato. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 80. (Abstract) Groza, H.I., B.D. Bowen, D. Kichefski, S.J. Peloquin, and J. Jiang. 2004. Red Pearl: A new gourmet red potato variety. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:209-213. Habib, A. and D.J. Donnelly. 2004. Calcium translocation and accumulation into potato tubers. Potato Research 45:17-24. Hannapel, David J., Hao Chen, Faye M. Rosin, Anjan K. Banerjee, and Peter J. Davies. 2004. Molecular controls of tuberization. Hayashi, K., M. Mori, Y.M. Knox, T. Suzutan, M. Ogasawara, I. Yoshida, K. Hosokawa, A. Tsukui, and M. Azuma. 2003. Anti influenza virus activity of a red-fleshed potato anthocyanins. Food Sci. Tech. Res. 9(3):242-244. Haynes, Kathleen G. and D. Peter Weingartner. 2004. The use of area under the disease progress curve to assess resistance to late blight in potato germplasm. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:137-141. Hosaka, Kazuyoshi. 2004. Evolutionary pathway of T-type chloroplast DNA in potato. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:153-158. HuaiJun, Si and Di Wang. 2003. Fertility and genetic improvement of interspecific somatic hybrids of potato. Acta Agro. Sinica 29(2):280-284. Jakuczun, Henryka and Ewa Zimnoch-Guzowska. 2004. Inheritance of glucose content in tubers of diploid potato families. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:359-370. Jansky, Shelley. 2004. Resistance to white mold in wild Solanum species. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 59. (Abstract) Jansky, S.H., E.D. Mauritz, J.J. Clark, and D.I. Rouse. 2003. Disease resistance in potato haploids. In: Potatoes Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization. Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada). Acta Hort. 619:135-144. Jansky, S.H., G.L. Davis and S.J. Peloquin. 2004. A genetic model for tuberization in potato haploid-wild species hybrids grown under long-day conditions. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:335-339. Jansky, S.H., D.I. Rouse and P.J. Kauth. 2004. Inheritance of resistance to Verticillium dahliae in diploid interspecific potato hybrids. Plant Disease 88:1075-1078. Karlsson, B.H. and J.P. Palta. 2003. Enhancing tuber calcium by in-season calcium application can reduce tuber bruising during mechanical harvest. In: Potatoes Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization. Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada). Acta Hort. 619:285-291. Kiru, S.D., M.V. Patrikeeva, L.A. Guskova, and S.A. Makovskaya. 2003. Use of Solanum andigena in potato breeding. Zashcita i Karantin Rastenii 8:40. Kovacs, K., C. Catana and D. Pamfil. 2003. Somatic hybridization on potato. Bul. Uni. De Stiinte Ag. Si Med. Vet. Cluj-Napoca, Seria Zootehnie si Biotehn. 59:279-283. Kulawiec, M., N. Tagashira, W. Plader, G. Bartoszewski, D. Kuc, R. Sniezko, and S. Malepszy. 2003. Chromosome number variation in somatic hybrids between transgenic tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and Solanum lycopersicoides. J. Appl. Genetics. 44(4):431-447. Kumar, Raj and Jai Gopal. 2003. Combining ability of andigena accessions for yield components and tuber dry matter in third clonal generation. In: Symposium on Potato research towards national food and nutritional security, 2-3 October, 2003. (Eds: S.K. Pandey and Singh Brajesh). J. Indian Potato Assn. 30(1/2)3-4. Lagace, M. and D.P. Matton. 2004. Characterization of a WRKY transcription factor expressed in late torpedo-stage embryos of Solanum chacoense. Planta 219(1):185-189. Lampert, E. de S. and C.A.B.P. Pinto. 2002. Agronomic performance of potato interspecific hybrids. Crop Breeding Appl. Biotech. 2(2):179-187. Lebecka, R. and E. Zimnoch-Guzowska. 2004. The inheritance of resistance to soft rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica) in diploid potato families. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:395-401. Levy-Lior, A., S. Weiner and L. Addadi. 2003. Achiral calcium-oxalate crystals with chiral morphology from the leaves of some Solanacea plants. Helvetica Chimica Acta 86(12):4007-4017. Love, S.L., T. Salaiz, A.R. Mosley, B. Shafii, W.J. Price, and R.E. Thornton. 2003. Ascorbic acid concentration and stability in North American potato germplasm. In: Potatoes Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization. Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada). Acta Hort. 619:87-93. Lynch, D.R., Q. Chen, L.M. Kawchuk, and D. Driedger. 2004. Verticillium wilt resistant germplasm-release of clone LRC18-21 and derivatives. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:295-297. Lynch, D.R., L.M. Kawchuk, Q. Chen, M. Konschuh, J. Holley, D.K. Fujimoto, D. Driedger, H. Wolfe, L. Dunbar, D. Waterer, P. Bains, J. Wahab, and P. McAllister. 2004. Alta Russet: An early-maturing, high-quality russet cultivar for wedge-cut french fry production. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:195-201. Lynch, D.R., L.M. Kawchuk, Q. Chen, J. Wahab, M. Konschuh, D. Waterer, J. Holley, D.K. Fujimoto, D. Driedger, H. Wolfe, L. Dunbar, P. Bains, and P. McAllister. 2004. Pacific Russet: An early maturing, attractive russet cultivar with excellent culinary quality. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:235-241. McCue, K.F., P.V. Allen, D.R. Rockhold, M.M. Maccree, W.R. Belknap, L.V.T. Shepherd, H. Davies, P. Joyce, D.L. Corsini, and C.P. Moehs. 2003. Reduction of total steroidal glycoalkaloids in potato tubers using antisense constructs of a gene encoding a solanidine glucosyl transferase. In: Potatoes Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization. Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada). Acta Hort. 619:77-86. Miller, A.R., J.C. Jang and N.J. Flickinger. 2003. The effect of commercial brassinosteroid on growth and steroidal glycoalkaloid content of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum) and S. chacoense in vitro. In: Potatoes Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization. Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada). Acta Hort. 619:309-313. Miller, J.C., Jr., G.C.C. Tai, B. Ouellette, and J.P. Miller. 2004. Discriminating Russet Norkotah intraclonal selections using canonical and cluster analysis. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:31-35. Mollov, Dimitre S. and Christian A. Thill. 2004. Evidence of potato virus Y asymptomatic clones in diploid and tetraploid potato-breeding populations. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:317-326. Morris, W.L., L. Ducreux, D.W. Griffiths, D. Stewart, H.V. Davies, and M.A. Taylor. 2004. Carotenogenesis during tuber development and storage in potato. J. Exp. Botany 55(399):975-982. Novy, R.G. and J.M. Alvarez. 2004. Resistance to wireworm in the progeny of a tri-species potato somatic hybrid. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 58. (Abstract) Novy, R.G., L.D. Porter and J.S. Miller. 2004. Identification of Solanum tuberosum Gp. Andigena clones having both foliar and tuber resistance to late blight. Presented at 88th Annual Meeting of PAA, Scottsbluff, NE, Aug. 8-12, 2004. p. 60. (Abstract) Ortiz, R. and A.M. Golmirzaie. 2004. Genotype by environment interaction and selection in true potato seed breeding. Experimental Agriculture 40(1):99-107. 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Vossen, E. van der, A. Sikkema, B. te L. Hekkert, J. Gros, P. Stevens, M. Muskens, D. Wouters, A. Pereira, W. Stiekema, and S. Allefs. 2003. An ancient R gene from the wild potato species Solanum bulbocastanum confers broad-spectrum resistance to Phytophthora infestans in cultivated potato and tomato. Plant J. 36(6):867-882. Vreugdenhil, Dick. 2004. Comparing potato tuberization and sprouting: Opposite phenomena? Am. J. Potato Res. 81:275-280. Vysniauskiene, R., J. Proscevicius and Z. Jancys. 2002. Proteins in somatic hybrids of potatoes Solanum tuberosum and S. commersonii after ABA treatment. In: Proc. of 3rd Genetical Congress of Baltic Countries (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania), Vilnius, Lithuania, 10-12 Oct. 2002. Biologija 3:54-56. Vysniauskiene, R., J. Proscevicius, Z. Jancys, and A. Radziunaite-Paukstiene. 2003. Chloroplast protein content in frost resistant potato hybrids. Sodininkyste ir Darzininkyste 22(3):568-573. Wang, Bing and Alan R. Langille. 2004. 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Perez, R. Nelson, and M. Bonierbale. 2003. Comparative analysis of new sources of late blight resistance using phenotypic and molecular genetic approaches. In: Potatoes Healthy food for Humanity: Internatl Developments in Breeding, Production, Protection and Utilization. Proc. of XXVI Internatl Hort. Congress, Toronto, Canada, Aug. 11-17, 2002. (Ed: R.Y. Yada). Acta Hort. 619:23-29. Zlesak, David C. and Christian A. Thill. 2004. Foliar resistance to Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary (US-8) in 13 Mexican and South American Solanum species having EBNs of 1, 2, and 4 and implications for breeding. Am. J. Potato Res. 81:421-429. C. Theses Reporting Research with NRSP-6 Stocks Habib, A. 2004. Studies on the improvement of calcium uptake into micropropagated potato. Ph.D. thesis, Faculty of Graduate Studies & Research, McGill University, Montreal, Canada. Lightbourn, Gordon. 2004. Development and genetic analysis of intermonoploid somatic hybrids of potato. Ph.D. dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia. Skoneczka, Jeffrey. 2004. Expression of transgenes in sexual hybrids of potato. M.S. thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.

Impact Statements

NRSP-6s purpose is to provide a ready source of raw materials, technology and information to support potato enhancement, breeding and research in the USA and around the world. Thus, one way the success of NRSP-6 can be measured is by the occurrence of NRSP-6 germplasm in the pedigrees of new, improved potato cultivars. Another is in the use of NRSP-6 stocks in more basic research programs, which is reflected in publications that provide information that ultimately contributes to better exploi
Four cultivar releases were published in the American Journal of Potato Research in 2004: Pacific Russet, Red Pearl, Alta Russet, and Monticello. Four verticillium wilt resistant germplasm releases were published in AJPR. All of these are known to have wild species in their pedigrees.
Section 6 lists 86 papers, 25 abstracts, and 3 theses which report the use of NRSP-6 Solanum introductions this year.